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Utilization of Sterols in Clothes Moths, Tinea pellionella and Title Tineola bisselliella
Author(s) ISHII, Shoziro; KAWAHARA, Sachio
Citation 防虫科学 (1966), 31(4): 153-157
Issue Date 1966-11-30
URL http://hdl.handle.net/2433/158496
Right
Type Departmental Bulletin Paper
Textversion publisher
Kyoto University Ilfj m fl- t!- m 31 ;(1-IV
Ewart, W. H. and R. L. Metcalf: Ann. Ent. Soc. 391-399(1962). Amer., 49,441-447(1956). Mittler, T. E. : f. Exp. m«; 35,74-84 (1958). Gilby, A. R. and A. E. Alexander: Arch. Blochem. Sakai, A. : Nature, 185, 698-699 (1960). Biop!lys., 67, 302-306(1957). Salt, R.W.:Ann. Rev. Ent., 6, 55-74 (1961). Gray, H. E. and G. Fraenkel : Science, 118, 304 Tarnaki, Y.: [a]: f. Appl. Ent. zs«, 7, 355-375 305(1953). (1963). Hackman, R. H. and V. M. Trikojus : Biochem. j; Tarnaki, Y.: fap. J. Appl. Ent. zs«, 8, 159-164 51,653-656(1952). (1964a). Kajita, T.: Sci. Bull. Facul, Agrie., Kyushu Univ., Tamaki, Y. : [a], f. Appl. Ent. zs«. s, 227-234 22,29-34(1965). (1964b). Maltais, J. and J. L. Auclair: J. Ins. Physiol., 8,
Utilization of Sterols in Clothes Moths, Tinea pellionella and Tineola blsselliellan Shoziro ISIII! and Sachio KAWAIIARA* (Pesticide Research Institute, College of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto) Received October I, 1966. Botyu-Kagaku, 31,153. 1966. 22. -1' :H';IS~V:::J -1' nas»: 5"[] -Jl-~* ?iM{Cn~· JII!J;l¥:K (h(ffli*'T-~ ~$~~~lVf7'ChiIi;t:l: h(~) 41. 10. 1 ~~
.{ tl Tinea pellionella c::J.{ t/ Tineola bisselliella 1;1 ~ \-( ~t t ;Iq~ ','1 rU c v "CnJ ; tt "C ~ \ 7.> • .{ t/1;1;I::nlJ.>fHJ'jfVJ~Tltl:r4 v ip;'J;t: c vmt,,~ \:M, ::J.{ t/1:t!Ilh~Tt, tliW4Ttflld1J lJ.> ;'.;:1: c -r 7.> r.. c M-r: ~ 7.>. trfillO)l'MnU~llO)~lj*, .( t/ c ::J 1 t/ c -r:1;1 A :;- 0 -JL-O)i:!;JW:: flI~f)leY) 7.> r.. c f)q) f»-:) tz: 1"tJ:b; 1 t/1;1tl:~rtlO)A:;- 0 -JL-;f;{::J i- A:;- 0 -JL--r: t"P c J&. ftv t,,~ \M, ::J 1 tll;1::J VA:;- 0 -JL-0){1Il11:::ta'I4?<1A:;- 0 -JL--r:iY; 7.> 1'-'" l- A:;- 0 -JL-, A:;- -1 7'''? A:;- 0 -JL- lJ.> t ~I)m-r 7.>. r.. O)A:;- 0 -JL-~*O)m;f;{m;t:O)JifjIllllJ.>mJtv "C~\ 7.>. 1 t/!n10) A:;- 0 - JL- ;z!*lJ.>~IJm v "C, ::J t> A:;- 0 - JL-lJ.>a;t ~*=~;f;>-r:l'Mff v t='::J 7" "? 1/7 ;/1 t/ Ephestia cautella tJJ rU 0) A:;- 0 - JL-lJ.>, A:;- 0 - MJh! c v t=.ffUl-r:1 t/lJ.>~ff1" 7.> UJlZff1"7.> r.. c;f;>;, ::J 7" "? 7' 7 ;/1 t/ ilJrU 1;1 ~~~ A :; o -JL-;f;>;::J VA:;- 0 -JL-,,~;t 7.> r.. c lJ.>flEOOvt=.. -1Jt/ A '70 "? l- 7'7 711:::.1: ~ *= f).;f;>A:;- 0 -JL- C, ::J 7" "? ?' 7 ;/1 t/ A:;- 0 -JL-lJ.>Jtfltv, {IJtj!:((.]11:::t, r.. O)t.,:~lJ.> ?,fUW tz,
The case-bearing clothes moth, Tinea pelllo were mixed at various proportions. Five eggs nella and the weebbing clothes moth, Tineola collected from the rearing of both moths were bisselllella are known to be serious pest insects transferred in small vials (16 mm X 60 mm) of woolen products. In experimental conditions, containing 1 g of rice bran and/or fish meal. the webbing clothes moth is able to rear by Each experiment was replicated two or three feeding plant marerials such as rice bran, while times. The feeding experiments were carried out case-bearing clothes moth is not by feeding them. at 25'C. Number of adults emerged and the It is of interest to clarify why the webbing developmental period from egg to adult were clothes moth can develop by feeding either plant recorded. The results are given in Table 1. or animal origin product, and the case-bearing The results clearly indicated that the webbing clothes moth can not develop by feeding plant clothes moths can develop by feeding either fish products. meal or rice bran even though the latter food a) Feeding tests on rice bran and fish meal. was not so suitable, while the case-bearing Rice bran and fish meal were used for food clothes moth can develop by feeding only the of both clothes moths. These two food materials fish meal. If rice bran was mixed with fish 1) This paper has been read at the Annual meal at a ratio of 1:1, larvae of the case-bearing Meeting of Japanese Society of Applied clothes moth could not develop and died. Entom. and Zool. held at Tokyo, April, 1965 b) Improvement of amino acid composition in * Present address: Kanoya Branch, Kagoshima Agricultural Experiment Station, Kanoya, rice bran. Kagoshirna Prefecture. In order to improve amino acid composition of Iifj m H ~ ~ 31 ~-IV
Table 1. Results of feeding tests of clothes moths on mixture of fish meal and rice bran
----- Mixture Tinea pellionella Tineola bisselliella of Period Percentage adult Period Percentage adult fish meal: rice bran (day) emergence (day) emergence _ .._---_____.0_------_._.-.--_...._.~.. -- --...__.._._------~ - --.._..-.._------10 0 59 100 39.5 100 9 1 62.5 79.9 36.2 50.0 7.5 2.5 57.7 73.3 35.5 60.0 5.0 5.0 0 36.2 73.3 2.5 7.5 0 44.7 46.6 1.0 9.0 0 39.5 59.9 0 10 0 68.0 13.3
Table 2. Feeding tests of clothes moths on rice bran mixed with milk casein ------"-""------Mixture Tinea pellionella Tineola bisselliella of Period Percentage adult Period Percentage adult rice bran: milk casein emergence (day) emergence
_...._------._._~_._---- 10.0 0 o 68.0 13.3 9.0 1.0 o 60.5 59.9 7.5 2.5 o 52.5 19.9 5.0 5.0 o 51.5 79.9 2.5 7.5 o 43.5 19.9 1.0 9.0 o 41.7 100.0 o 10.0 o o rice bran, milk casein was added at various moths. Feeding tests were carried out using proportions to rice bran. However, the improved synthetic food media in order to prove this diets were still unsuitable for the development assumption. The composition of basal diet mo of the case-bearing clothes moth as shown in dified from the diet for Tineola bisselliella Table 2. (Fraenkel and Blewett 1946)2>, is shown in c) Sterol requirement. Table 3. It was assumed that utilization of sterols may Sterols to be tested were dissolved in ether be different between two species of clothes and then added to the basal diet at a concen tration of 0.1;'6 in dry weight basis. Table 3. Composition of basal diet Kind of sterols tested and results of feeding Casein (N. B. C., vitamin free) 50 parts tests are shown in Table 4. Glucose 50 Rice bran sterol and Ephestia sterol were Minerals, Wesson's 2 isolated from rice bran and larvae of the almond Water 10 moth Ephestia cauiella, respectively. Vitamins Thiamine HCI 25.0 pg/g From the feeding tests, it is evident that the Riboflavin 12.5 webbing clothes moth can utilize both cholesterol Nicotinic acid 25.0 and phytosterol, while the case-bearing clothes Pyridoxine HCI 12.5 moth can not utilize phytosterol but utilize only Ca-pantothenate 25.0 cholesterol. Folic acid 2.5 Choline chloride 500.0 The fact that the both clothes moths can Inositol 250.0 develop by feeding on the synthetic medium Biotin 2.5 added Ephestia sterol, suggests that cholesterol p-Aminobenzoic acid 25.0 would be contained in Ephestia sterol,
154 r:Ji !U n tJ: m 31 (}-IV
Table 4. Results of feeding tests of clothes moths on synthetic food media containing different kind of sterols
Tinea pellionella Tineola bisselliella Sterols Number of Period Number of Period adult emerged* (day) adult emerged (day) -----_._---- Cholesterol 5 82.3 7 53.8 ~·sitosterol o 3 44.3 Stigmasterol o 4 54.5 Lanosterol o o Fish meal sterol 2 86.0 7 53.5 Rice bran sterol o 3 62.5 Eplzestia sterol 6 82.0 10 44.4 * Ten eggs for each experiment
Gas liquid chromatographic analysis of rice Table 5. Gas liquid chromatographic analysis bran sterol and Ephestia sterol using two column of rice bran sterol and Ephestia sterol* systems, SE-30 and QF-1, indicated that Ephesiia Steroles Rice bran Eplzestia sterol contained a large amount of cholesterol QF-1 SE-30 QF-l SE-30 which would be converted from phytosterol in Cholesterol o. 19°6 0.47~6 57.84°6 60.39~6 Ep/lestia larvae as shown in Fig. 1 and Table 5. ~·Sitosterol 55.12 59.61 28.24 26.93 Campesterol 19.17 10.78 12.33 8.94 Unknown 1 8.17 5.73 1.59 1.83 Unknown 2 17.35 19.16 Unknown 3 4.24 1. 90 * Carried out by courtesy of Dr. J. N. Kaplanis, A U. S. D. A., Beltsville, Md.
4 d) Level of cholesterol requirement. As cholesterol was considered to be suitable
B for the develoment of the both clothes moths, minimum concentration of cholesterol in the diet was determined. Basal diet used for feeding 10 20 30 min. tests was as same as the previous one, and Fi~. 1 Gas chromatograms of Ephesiia and known amounts of cholesterol dissolved in ether rice bran sterols using QF-1 column. were added to the basal diet. Concentration of A: Ephestia Sterols, B : Rice bran sterols. 1 : cholesterol, 2: campesterol, cholesterol added and results of feeding tests 3 : f3-sitosterol, 4: unknown I, are given in Table 6. 5: unknown 2 The both clothes moths developed by feeding
Table 6. Requirement of cholesterol level in synthetic food media for the development of clothes moths
Concentration Tinea pellionella Tineo/a bisselliella of cholesterol No. of adult Period No. of adult Period emerged* (day) emerged (day)
0.1 5'6 5 82.0 7 53.8 0.04 2 85.0 8 51. 0 0.02 3 88.6 4 57.5 0.01 4 85.0 1 54.0 0.005 o o * Ten eggS for each experiment,
155 Jifj !R tl ~ in 31 y-IV diets contained more than 0.01 96 of cholesterol has an ability to convert phytosterol to chole in the basal diet. sterol. Simultaneously Mitsui (1965)4) studied sterol Discussion requirement of several stored product insects Two kinds of clothes moths, the case-bearing including clothes moths, and he found that clothes moth, Tinea pellionella, and the webbing Tineola larva can utilize cholesterol, fi-sitosterol clothes moth, Tineola bisselliella, are different in and ergosterol, while Tinea larva can utilize only their food habit even though both species are· cholesterol. known to be insect pests of woolen products. The conversion of phytosterol to cholesterol The case-bearing clothes moth larva develop by in phytophagous insects has been suggested in feeding only animal products, while the webbing the silkworm, Bombyx mori by Bergmann (1934)I), clothes moth larva develops by feeding either and recently it was confirmed by Ikekawa et al animal or plant products. (1966)3) in the Silkworm and in the virginia pine From the results of feeding of the both clothes sawfly Neodiprion pratti by Schaefer et al moths on the mixture of rice bran and fish meal, (1965)G). Dealkylation from phytosterol to cho Tinea larvae could not develop when rice bran lesterol would be taken place in Ephestia larva. was added more than 50 per cent, while Tineola Cholesterol requirement for the clothes moths larvae developed by feeding the mixture of was considered to be more than 0.0196 in the various proportions. It shows that rice bran is diet. either insufficient a certain nutrient for the Summary growth, or inadequete in the proportion of nutri tional requirements of Tinea larva. Larvae of two related clothes moths, the case In order to improve amino acid composition of bearing clothes moth, Tinea pellionella, and the rice bran, milk casein was added to rice bran in webbing clothes moth, Tineola bisselliella are various proportions, but none of Tinea larvae different in sterol requirement. The webbing developed. These experimental evidences sus pe cothes moth utilizes both cholesterol and phyto cted that sterol requirement may be different sterols such as fi-sitosterol and stigmasterol, between both clothes moths. Feeding tests on while the case-bearing clothes moth utilizes only synthetic food media containing different kind of cholesterol. sterol were carried out. The results clearly This is the principal reason, that the webbing indicated that Tinea larvae developed by feeding clothes moth can develop by feeding either plant diets containing cholesterol and Ephestia sterol, or animal products. and could not develop on diets containing fi Sterols isolated from larvae of the almond sitosterol and rice bran sterol. On the other moth, Ephesila cauiella, which had been fed on hand, Tineola larvae developed on plant and rice bran were used as sterol source for the two animal sterols. species of clothes moths. The Ephestia sterol The fact that sterols isolated from Ephestia was utilized by larvae of both species of insects. larvae fed on rice bran is suitable for the deve These results expected that the Ephestia sterol lopment of Tinea larvae suspected that Ephestia contains cholesterol. Results of gas liquid chro sterols contained cholesterol, and that Ephestia matographic analyses clearly showed that the larvae converted phytosterol to cholesterol. Ephestia sterol contained a large amount of Results of gas liquid chromatography indicated cholesterol. These experimental evidences indio that rice bran sterols composed of fi-sitosterol, cated that Ephesiia larva has an ability to campesterol, and some unknown sterols which . convert phytosterol to cholesterol, could not be identified, wheares Ephestia sterols Minimum concentration of cholesterol for the contained a large amount of cholesterol in addi growth of the both species was considered to be tion to fi-sitosterol, campesterol and unknown 0.0196. sterols. It is clear the larva of Ephestia cautella Acknowledgements : The authors express
156 JiJj m fi ~ m 31 ~-IV their hearty thanks to Dr. J. N. Kaplanis of Insect 2) G. Fraenkel and M. Blewett: j. Exp. Bioi. 22, Physiology Laboratory, U. S. D. A., who kindly 156(1946) . carried out gas chromatographic analyses of 3) N. Ikekawa, M. Suzuki, M. Kobayashi and K. sterols. Tsuda: Chern. Pharm, tuu.. 14, 834 (1966). 4) E. Mitsui: fap.]. app. Ent. zs«, 9,132 (1965). References 5) C. H. Shaefer, J. N. Kaplanis and W. E. 1) W. Bergmann: f. Bioi. cu«, 107, 527 (1934). Robbins: ].lns. Physiol., 11,1013 (1965).
Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Monofluoroacetanilides In Insects. Kazuhiko Axnoand Toshiie NAKAMURA (Agricultural Chemicals Research Laboratories, Sankyo Co. Ltd., Yasu-Cho, Shiga Ken) Received October 22, 1966. Botyu-Kagaku, 31,157.1966. (with English Surnmary.Tdl},
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