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Stratigraphy and Regional Tectonic Implications of Part of Upper Cretaceous and Tertiary Rocks East-Central San Juan Basin New Mexico

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Stratigraphy and Regional Tectonic Implications of Part of Upper Cretaceous and Tertiary Rocks East-Central San Juan Basin New Mexico Stratigraphy and Regional Tectonic Implications of Part of Upper Cretaceous and Tertiary Rocks East-Central San Juan Basin New Mexico GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 552 Prepared in cooperation with the Jicarilla Apache Tribe Stratigraphy and Regional Tectonic Implications of Part of Upper Cretaceous and Tertiary Rocks East-Central San Juan Basin New Mexico By ELMER H. BALTZ GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 552 Prepared in cooperation with the Jicarilla Apache Tribe UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE, WASHINGTON : 1967 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR STEWART L. UDALL, Secretary GEOLOGICAL SURVEY William T. Pecora, Director Library of Congress catalog-card No. OS 67-221 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office Washington, D.C. 20402 CONTENTS Page Page Abstract__ _____--_--_-_____--________________.___ 1 Stratigraphy Continued Introduction.___----------_---_-___________________ 2 Rocks of Tertiary age Continued Previous work__________________________________ 4 San Jose Formation Continued Present work-._________________________________ 4 Contacts __ _ ____-_-_-___---_-_------__ 54 Acknowledgments__ _ __________________________ 4 Age and correlation- ___________--__--__- 55 Physiography __________________________________ 5 Igneous rocks. ___________-____-_--___-_--__ 57 Drainage._________________________________ 5 Deposits of Tertiary or Quaternary age high- Landf orrns.________________________________ 5 terrace gravel_____-_-_---______-----_-------- 58 Penistaja Cuestas_____________________ 5 Deposits of Quaternary age______-___----------__ 58 Largo Plains.__________________________ 7 Terrace gravel, colluvium, and stream- channel Tapicitos Plateau.______________________ 7 gravel. _ _________-__________----_-__--_-_ 58 Yeguas Mesas._________________________ Alluvium. _________________________________ 59 San Pedro Foothills.____________________ Geologic structure. _________-__-_-____---__---_-_--- 59 Northern Hogback Belt_________________ Regional setting. _______________________________ 59 Climate. ____________________________________ 10 Description of structure. ___________-_-_-_-_-_-__ 60 Vegetation._---------__-___-___________________ 10 Structure contours. _________________________ 60 Stratigraphy _______________________________________ 10 60 Rocks of Cretaceous age_________________________ 13 62 Mesaverde Group_________________________ 13 Joints. __________________________ 62 Lewis Shale._______________________________ 15 Analysis of regional Laramide structure. _____ 63 Pictured Cliffs Sandstone.___________________ 16 General problems. ____.____________--- 63 Fruitland Formation and Kirtland Shale un­ Nacimiento fault- ____________________ 64 divided __________________________________ 21 Overturned beds__ _ _--___-____--_- 65 Rocks of Tertiary age.__________________________ 30 Synclinal bend_ ______________--_- 66 Ojo Alamo Sandstone.______________________ 30 Evidence of strike-slip movement. __ 70 Nacimiento Formation. _____________________ 35 Gallina fault.--. __ -- _ ----_--_---- 75 San Jose Formation.________________________ 44 San Pedro Mountain fault. _________-_- 76 Definition___ _ ________________________ 44 Archuleta anticlinorium. ______________ 78 Extent and thickness____________________ 45 Salado-Cumbres structural discontinuity. 83 Lithology_ _____________________________ 46 Conclusions. __________-___-_-_____--- 84 Cuba Mesa Member._______________ 46 Summary of depositional and tectonic history 85 Regina Member.___________________ 48 Descriptions of type sections. ___________--_ 87 Llaves Member___________________ 50 References. _-_________-_-_-------_------- 96 Tapicitos Member._________________ 52 Index. _________________-_-----_-_-_---- 99 ILLUSTRATIONS [Plates are in pocket] PLATE 1. Geologic map. 2-6. Diagrams showing 2. Stratigraphic sections of Upper Cretaceous and lower Tertiary rocks. 3. Correlations of rock units as interpreted from electric logs of wells along line A-A'. 4. Correlations of rock units as interpreted from electric logs of wells and surface stratigraphic section along line B-B'. 5. Correlations of rock units as interpreted from electric logs of wells and surface stratigraphic section along line C-C". 6. Correlation of Pictured Cliffs Sandstone, Fruitland Formation, Kirtland Shale, and Ojo Alamo Sandstone outcrops. 7. Tectonic map of northeast side of San Juan Basin and adjacent area. 8. Sections showing relation of pre-San Jose anticlines and synclines to synclinal bend west of Nacimiento and Gallina faults. in IV CONTENTS Page FIGURE 1. Map showing area of report__________________ ______________________________________________________ 3 2. Physiographic map.__________________________________________________________________________________ 6 3. Photograph of view northeast across valley of Rio Puerco____-______-____--_____-___-____________________ 8 4. Photograph of view to the northwest across Northern Hogback Belt _-----_-_-_______.__________________ 10 5. Map showing structural elements of San Juan Basin -____-_-_--__--_--__-_______-______________________ 12 6. Photograph of Mesaverde Group in Northern Hogback Belt-____-___-_-______-_________________________ 14 7. Map showing probable paleogeography of parts of northern New Mexico and southern Colorado.-____________ 20 8. Photograph of undivided Fruitland Formation and Kirtland Shale capped by Ojo Alamo Sandstone.-.________ 22 9. Photograph of Ojo Alamo Sandstone capping cuesta_-------_-__-_--__--_---_--__________________________ 27 10. Diagram comparing stratigraphic sections of exposures at type locality of Nacimiento Formation.____________ 37 11-15. Photographs of 11. Type locality of Nacimiento Formation____----_-_---_--__-----_--------__--______-____________ 38 12. Typical exposures of lower part of Cuba Mesa Member-_---_--_-__-_---__-_____________________ 46 13. Type section of Regina Member____________---_-___--_-------___--_-_-_-_-___--_____________ 49 14. Typical exposures of lower part of Llaves Member._------__--___-_---___-_-__-__-___._________ 50 15. Variegated shale of Regina Member.__________--_-_---_-_----__-____-_-_-_-____.______________ 61 16. Diagrammatic sections showing possible stages of development of steeply dipping and overturned beds_ _______ 67 17. Diagrammatic sections of several types of folds___________-____-_-___--_--_--___-__--___________________ 68 18. Sketch of plan and sections of plastic model showing deformation__----_---__------__-____________________ 71 19. Structural profiles and diagrams showing possible directions of shift _-_------_-___-_--___________________ 72 20. Diagrams showing compressional and tensional phases of subsidence of a segment of the earth's crust_ _______ 74 21. Sketch of a model showing area of horizontal tensional stress (gap) on a fault-_-__--_-_----___._____________ 77 22. Block diagram showing probable general configuration of Precambrian basement rocks_----________________ 78 23. Structure-contour map of southeastern part of Archuleta anticlinorium.___-_--_----__---_-_-______________ 79 24. Structural profiles of Horse Lake and Willow Creek anticlines.____--__-..__--_--_-_-__--_-_-___--_________ 80 25. Diagrammatic sections showing hypothetical stages of formation of an anticlinorium_________________________ 82 26. Sketch of generalized model of major features along Salado-Cumbres structural discontinuity._________________ 84 27. Diagram of nomenclature and probable correlations of part of Upper Cretaceous and lower Tertiary rocks._____ 86 TABLE Page TABLE 1. Age, nomenclature, and thickness of rock units in the Nacimiento uplift and the eastern part of the San Juan Basin, N. Mex________________________________________________________________________________________ 11 STRATIGRAPHY AND REGIONAL TECTONIC IMPLICATIONS OF PART OF UPPER CRETACEOUS AND TERTIARY ROCKS, EAST-CENTRAL SAN JUAN BASIN, NEW MEXICO By ELMER H. BALTZ ABSTRACT sea which probably became landlocked, or nearly so, because of the rise of highlands north and east of the present San Juan An area of about 1,300 square miles was mapped in. parts of Bio Arriba, Sandoval, and McKinley Counties, N. Mex. The Basin. area is in the east-central part of the San Juan Basin, a large The undivided Fruitland Formation and Kirtland Shale are structural and drainage basin in the east-central part of the overlain unconformably by the Ojo Alamo Sandstone of Paleo- Colorado Plateaus province. Six physiographic sectors in the cene age. The Ojo Alamo ranges in thickness from 70 to 170 area are named here: the Penistaja Cuestas, Largo Plains, feet (locally) in the southern part of the area, but it is almost Tapicitos Plateau, Yeguas Mesas, San Pedro Foothills, and 200 feet thick in the northern part. The Ojo Alamo contains Northern Hogback Belt. The mapped area lies in the Central beds of shale but consists mainly of fine-grained to very coarse basin of the San Juan Basin and is bounded on the east by grained arkosic standstone containing lenses of pebbles and the Nacimiento and French Mesa-Gallina uplifts, where rocks small cobbles. The Ojo Alamo was deposited by streams drain­ ranging in age from Precambrian to Late Cretaceous crop out. ing into the San Juan Basin from several sides. The principal Bocks of Late Cretaceous age crop out along the south and source areas probably were the region that now comprises parts east margins of the area, and rocks of Tertiary age are at of the San Juan Mountains and the Brazos uplift. The Ojo the surface in most of the
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