The Study on the Capacity Building Programs for the Community-Based Prevention of Desertification in the South Region of Segou in the Republic of Mali
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No. Ministry of Agriculture The Republic of Mali The Study on the Capacity Building Programs for the Community-based Prevention of Desertification in the South Region of Segou in the Republic of Mali Main Report February 2008 JAPAN INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION AGENCY JAPAN GREEN RESOURCES AGENCY RD JR 08-6 PREFACE In response to a request from the Government of the Republic of Mali, the Government of Japan decided to conduct the “Study on the capacity-building programs for the community-based prevention of desertification in the south region of Segou in the Republic of Mali” and entrusted the study to the Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA). JICA dispatched a study team headed by Mr. Naoya SHIMIZU of the Japan Green Resources Agency (J-Green) to the Republic of Mali between August 2004 and November 2007. The study teams held discussions with the officials concerned of the Government of the Republic of Mali, and conducted field surveys at the study area. Upon their return to Japan, the teams conducted further studies and prepared this final report. I hope that this report will contribute to the promotion of the project and to the enhancement of friendly relationship between our two countries. Finally, I wish to express my sincere appreciation to the officials concerned of the Government and the people of Mali for their close cooperation extended to the study. February 2008 Ariyuki MATSUMOTO Vice President Japan International Cooperation Agency Letter of Transmittal Mrs. Sadako Ogata President Japan International Cooperation Agency We are pleased to submit herewith the completed Final Report of the Study on the Capacity Building Programs for the Community-based Prevention of Desertification in the South Region of Segou in the Republic of Mali. This study was implemented by the Japan Green Resources Agency (J-Green) for a period of 43 (forty-three) months from August 2004 to February 2008 under contract with the Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA). In implementing this study, it was intended to formulate an “Action Plan for Realistic Projects” which can be executed immediately after completion of this study, having learned the lessons from the development study, the Study of Prevention of Desertification in the South region of Segou in the republic of Mali, carried out in the previous stage in the period of 2000 to 2003 and screened the items to be verified in this study. The study area was one of the main agricultural zones in Mali, in which desertification is substantially advancing along with the decline of land productivity and the decrease of forests, causing the living standards of residents to decline seriously. Therefore, urgent measures are called for in this area. In formulating the Action Plan, we adopted the method of implementing some of the projects constituting the Action Plan as a Pilot Project ahead of other projects and feeding back the appropriateness of the project method and the evaluation results to the final Action Plan. We are confident that all the items to be verified were verified within the framework of this study. The Government of Mali has already officially decided to budget about one-fourth (1/4) of the entire scale of the projects of the Action Plan in the final year of this study and to start implementation of those projects next year (2008). We hope that this plan will be implemented smoothly in Mali and extended not only within Mali, but also to the broader Sahel region as a model case for prevention of desertification. Lastly, we would like to express our sincere appreciation of the full understanding and close cooperation that the Japan International Cooperation Agency and the related officials of the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries have rendered us and the invaluable advice and cooperation that the Government of Mali and the related donor organizations have given us during the period of this study. February 2008 Naoya Shimizu, Team Leader Study Team for the Capacity Building Programs for the Community-based Prevention of Desertification in the South Region of Segou in the Republic of Mali Japan Green Resources Agency Location Map of the Study Area - i - Table of Contents List of Figures and Tables .....................................................................................................................v List of Abbreviations..........................................................................................................................viii List of Weights, Measures and Currency Exchange Rate......................................................................x SUMMARY I I Introduction ..............................................................................................................................S-I II Present state of the study area...................................................................................................S-I III Action Plan (A/P) ............................................................................................................... S-VIII IV Pilot Project ......................................................................................................................... S-XV INTRODUCTION....................................................................................................................................1 CHAPTER 1 Introduction.......................................................................................................................1 1.1 Background of the Study....................................................................................................... 1 1.2 Objectives of the Study.......................................................................................................... 2 1.3 Study Areas............................................................................................................................. 3 1.4 Support System for the Study ............................................................................................... 4 1.5 Structure of the final report .................................................................................................. 4 PRESENT STATE....................................................................................................................................5 CHAPTER 2 Present status of study area ...............................................................................................5 2.1 Outline..................................................................................................................................... 5 2.1.1 Location and Nature................................................................................................................. 5 2.1.2 Water resources ........................................................................................................................ 5 2.1.3 Tribe and Custom ..................................................................................................................... 5 2.1.4 Local Public Administration and Taxation ............................................................................ 6 2.1.5 Local Development Policies ..................................................................................................... 7 2.1.6 Trends in Existing Projects (by Donors)................................................................................. 7 2.1.7 Action to Combat Desertification............................................................................................ 9 2.1.8 Environment ............................................................................................................................. 9 2.2 Condition of Agricultural Villages...................................................................................... 10 2.2.1 Land Use.................................................................................................................................. 10 2.2.2 Characteristics by cercle and by commune.......................................................................... 11 2.2.3 Rural Society........................................................................................................................... 13 2.2.4 Agriculture, stock raising and sylviculture .......................................................................... 15 2.2.5 Distribution of agricultural, livestock and sylvicultural products..................................... 19 2.2.6 Agricultural infrastructure.................................................................................................... 21 2.2.7 Agricultural extension............................................................................................................ 22 2.2.8 Basic needs in life.................................................................................................................... 29 - ii - 2.2.9 Women’s burden of labor ...................................................................................................... 29 ACTION PLAN .....................................................................................................................................31 CHAPTER 3 Basic concept of action plan............................................................................................31 3.1 Background of A/P Formulation......................................................................................... 31 3.2 Development Objectives for A/P Implementation............................................................. 31 3.2.1 Development