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Statistics on Water in Mexico, 2010 Edition

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Statistics on Water in Mexico, 2010 Edition Statistics on Water in Mexico, 2010 edition "10 years of presenting water in figures" Statistics on Water in Mexico, 2010 edition National Water Commission of Mexico www.conagua.gob.mx June 2010 DISCLAIMER The unaltered reproduction of the material contained in this publication is authorized, for non-profit motives only and always quoting the source. This publication is one of the products generated by the CONAGUA’s Deputy Director General’s Office for Planning. Its editorial quality control was carried out by the CONAGUA’s Coordination for Institutional Attention, Communication and Water Culture. TITLE: Statistics on Water in Mexico, 2010 edition AUTHOR National Water Commission of Mexico Insurgentes Sur No. 2416 Col. Copilco el Bajo C.P. 04340, Coyoacán, Mexico, D.F. Mexico www.conagua.gob.mx EDITOR Ministry of Environment and Natural Resources Boulevard Adolfo Ruiz Cortines No. 4209 Col. Jardines de la Montaña C.P. 14210, Tlalpan, Mexico, D.F. Mexico Printed in Mexico Distributed free of charge. Not for sale. Its use for any purpose other than social development is strictly prohibited. CONTACT For any suggestion or comment, please call (+52 55) 51 74 40 00, or write to: [email protected] Cover picture: “Dios del Agua” (God of Water) by Yuleida Velásquez, 2006. Introduction As part of the National Information System on Water DVD has been prepared to accompany this edition, quantity, quality, uses and conservation (SINA in in which the reader will find a significant quantity Spanish), Statistics on Water in Mexico is published of additional information, with a greater degree of annually, with information from different areas of the disaggregation, and further themes, graphics and National Water Commission of Mexico (CONAGUA) maps. The information included in this DVD is in and other institutions, among them the National spreadsheets which facilitates its manipulation for Institute of Statistics and Geography (INEGI). the purpose of analysis. With this document, the CONAGUA is celebrating Between the different editions of this book, some 10 years of publishing information on all aspects related variations in the figures presented may be observed, with water on which hard data is available. This edition which are the consequence of greater precision in the presents the reader with the historical series of the data studies available at the time of going to press with information for the longest period possible available each edition. on some topics of interest. The 2010 edition presents the information as of The book consists of eight chapters, in addition to December 2008; however, some indicators have been a number of annexes which present information at the included up to the end of 2009, such as the water nationwide, regional and state levels, the geographi- stored in the country’s reservoirs and lakes, which cal and socio-economic context and the occurrence represent the values of the surface water assets avai- and uses of water. Similarly, it includes information lable to Mexico. on the index and degree of poverty, precipitation, We are sure that this publication will contribute to runoff, aquifer recharge, meteorological phenomena enhancing the appreciation of the situation as regards and water quality. On the theme of water infrastruc- water in Mexico and create awareness on the respon- ture, it includes storage reservoirs, aqueducts, water sible use and fair payment for water, which are funda- treatment plants and wastewater treatment plants, mental pillars of a sustainable water policy. amongst others. In the same way, the tools that exist in Mexico to carry out a better management of water resources are mentioned. Additionally, information is José Luis Luege Tamargo provided on the relationship between water and the Director General of the themes of health and the environment. An overview National Water Commission of Mexico is offered of water up to 2030 and the aspects related Mexico City, March 2010 with water planning to achieve the vision of water for that year. Finally, several indicators are compared which allow us to place the information on Mexico into context with other countries. The amount of information accumulated is impo- ssible to fit into a 250-page printed document, so a Table of Contents Chapter 1. Geographical and socio-economic context .................................................. 1 1.1 Geographical and demographic aspects ........................................................................................................... 2 1.2 Population centers ............................................................................................................................................... 6 1.3 Economic indicators ............................................................................................................................................ 8 1.4 Index and degree of poverty .............................................................................................................................. 9 1.5 The Hydrological-Administrative Regions for water management .............................................................. 11 1.6 Regional contrast between development and renewable water resources ................................................. 12 1.7 Summary of data by Hydrological-Administrative Region and state ........................................................... 14 Chapter 2. State of Water Resources ............................................................................. 17 2.1 Mexico’s catchments and aquifers .................................................................................................................... 18 2.2 Renewable water resources ............................................................................................................................... 21 2.3 Meteorological phenomena ............................................................................................................................... 28 2.4 Surface water ....................................................................................................................................................... 34 2.5 Groundwater ........................................................................................................................................................ 43 2.6 Water quality ........................................................................................................................................................ 46 Chapter 3. Uses of Water ................................................................................................ 59 3.1 Classification of the uses of water .................................................................................................................... 60 3.2 Distribution of uses throughout Mexico .......................................................................................................... 61 3.3 Agricultural use .................................................................................................................................................... 66 3.4 Use for public water supply ............................................................................................................................... 67 3.5 Use in self-supplying industry ............................................................................................................................ 68 3.6 Use in thermoelectric plants .............................................................................................................................. 69 3.7 Use in hydropower plants ................................................................................................................................... 70 3.8 Water stress.......................................................................................................................................................... 72 3.9 Virtual water in Mexico ...................................................................................................................................... 74 Chapter 4. Water infrastructure ..................................................................................... 77 4.1 Mexico’s water infrastructure ............................................................................................................................ 78 4.2 Dams ..................................................................................................................................................................... 78 4.3 Hydro-agricultural infrastructure ....................................................................................................................... 87 4.4 Drinking water and sanitation infrastructure ................................................................................................... 96 4.5 Water treatment and reuse ................................................................................................................................ 110 4.6 Emergency attention .......................................................................................................................................... 117 Statistics on Water in Mexico, 2010 edition i Table of Contents Chapter 5. Water management tools ............................................................................. 119 5.1 Water-related institutions in Mexico ................................................................................................................ 120 5.2 Legal
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