Hansard and He Will Surely Feel Regret for This Bit of History
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Confession, Redemption, and Death: Liu Xiaobo and the Protest Movement of 1989
Confession, Redemption, and Death: Liu Xiaobo and the Protest Movement of 1989 Geremie Barmé1 There should be room for my extremism; I certainly don’t demand of others that they be like me... I’m pessimistic about mankind in general, but my pessimism does not allow for escape. Even though I might be faced with nothing but a series of tragedies, I will still struggle, still show my opposition. This is why I like Nietzsche and dislike Schopenhauer. Liu Xiaobo, November 19882 I FROM 1988 to early 1989, it was a common sentiment in Beijing that China was in crisis. Economic reform was faltering due to the lack of a coherent program of change or a unified approach to reforms among Chinese leaders and ambitious plans to free prices resulted in widespread panic over inflation; the question of political succession to Deng Xiaoping had taken alarming precedence once more as it became clear that Zhao Ziyang was under attack; nepotism was rife within the Party and corporate economy; egregious corruption and inflation added to dissatisfaction with educational policies and the feeling of hopelessness among intellectuals and university students who had profited little from the reforms; and the general state of cultural malaise and social ills combined to create a sense of impending doom. On top of this, the government seemed unwilling or incapable of attempting to find any new solutions to these problems. It enlisted once more the aid of propaganda, empty slogans, and rhetoric to stave off the mounting crisis. University students in Beijing appeared to be particularly heavy casualties of the general malaise. -
Standoff at Tiananmen: Recollections of 1989: the Making of Goddess of Democracy
2019/4/23 Standoff At Tiananmen: Recollections of 1989: The Making of Goddess of Democracy 更多 创建博客 登录 Standoff At Tiananmen How Chinese Students Shocked the World with a Magnificent Movement for Democracy and Liberty that Ended in the Tragic Tiananmen Massacre in 1989. Relive the history with this blog and my book, "Standoff at Tiananmen", a narrative history of the movement. Home Days People Documents Pictures Books Recollections Memorials Monday, May 30, 2011 "Standoff at Tiananmen" English Language Edition Recollections of 1989: The Making of Goddess of Democracy Click on the image to buy at Amazon "Standoff at Tiananmen" Chinese Language Edition On May 30, 1989, the statue Goddess of Democracy was erected at Tiananmen Square and became one of the lasting symbols of the 1989 student movement. The following is a re-telling of the making of that statue, originally published in the book Children of Dragon, by a sculptor named Cao Xinyuan: Nothing excites a sculptor as much as seeing a work of her own creation take shape. But although I was watching the creation of a sculpture that I had had no part in making, I nevertheless felt the same excitement. It was the "Goddess of Democracy" statue that stood for five days in Tiananmen Square. Until last year I was a graduate student at the Central Academy of Fine Arts in Beijing, where the sculpture was made. I was living there when these events took place. 点击图像去Amazon购买 Students and faculty of the Central Academy of Fine Arts, which is located only a short distance from Tiananmen Square, had from the beginning been actively involved in the demonstrations. -
Missing Lawyer at Risk of Torture: Jiang Tiangyong
Further information on UA: 148/17 Index: ASA 17/6838/2017 China Date: 28 July 2017 URGENT ACTION ACTIVISTS ARRESTED FOR TIANANMEN COMMEMORATION Two activists, Ding Yajun and Shi Tingfu, have been formally charged with “picking quarrels and provoking trouble” for commemorating the 28th anniversary of the Tiananmen crackdown. Hu Jianguo, another activist involved in the commemoration activities, has been missing since 27 June 2017. Ding Yajun was detained by police in Beijing on 12 June 2017 after she had posted a photo online of her posing at the Tiananmen Square in Beijing together with other petitioners on 4 June 2017 to commemorate the 1989 Tiananmen crackdown. She was criminally detained at Xicheng District Detention Centre in Beijing for one month until she was transferred to Hegang City Detention Centre in Heilongjiang, the province where she currently lives. Ding Yajun was formally arrested for “picking quarrels and provoking trouble” on 12 July and will be tried on 31 July 2017. Hu Jianguo, a petitioner from Shanghai who also joined the same photo action, has been missing since 27 June. Shi Tingfu was criminally detained, on suspicion of “picking quarrels and provoking trouble”, the day after he made a speech in front of the Nanjing Massacre Memorial Hall on 4 June 2017 while wearing a shirt with the phrase “Don’t forget June 4”. He was formally arrested on 4 July for “picking quarrels and provoking trouble” and his application for bail was rejected by authorities. His lawyer has visited him at the Yuhuatai District Detention Centre in Nanjing detention centre four times since his detention. -
The 1989 Tiananmen Square Protests in Chinese Fiction and Film
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA Los Angeles Making the Censored Public: The 1989 Tiananmen Square Protests in Chinese Fiction and Film A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree Doctor of Philosophy in Comparative Literature by Thomas Chen Chen 2016 © Copyright by Thomas Chen Chen 2016 ABSTRACT OF THE DISSERTATION Making the Censored Public: The 1989 Tiananmen Square Protests in Chinese Fiction and Film by Thomas Chen Chen Doctor of Philosophy in Comparative Literature University of California, Los Angeles, 2016 Professor Kirstie M. McClure, Co-Chair Professor Robert Yee-Sin Chi, Co-Chair Initiated by Beijing college students, the 1989 Tiananmen Square protests—"Tiananmen"— shook all of China with their calls for democratic and social reforms. They were violently repressed by the Chinese state on June 4, 1989. Since then, their memory has been subject within the country to two kinds of censorship. First, a government campaign promulgating the official narrative of Tiananmen, while simultaneously forbidding all others, lasted into 1991. What followed was the surcease of Tiananmen propaganda and an expansion of silencing to nearly all mentions that has persisted to this day. My dissertation examines fiction and film that evoke Tiananmen from within mainland China and Hong Kong. It focuses on materials that are particularly open to a self-reflexive reading, such as literature in which the protagonists are writers and films shot without authorization that in their editing indicate the precarious ii circumstances of their making. These works act out the contestation between the state censorship of Tiananmen-related discourse on the one hand and its alternative imagination on the other, thereby opening up a discursive space, however fragile, for a Chinese audience to reconfigure a historical memory whose physical space is off limits. -
Tiananmen Square
The Tiananmen Legacy Ongoing Persecution and Censorship Ongoing Persecution of Those Seeking Reassessment .................................................. 1 Tiananmen’s Survivors: Exiled, Marginalized and Harassed .......................................... 3 Censoring History ........................................................................................................ 5 Human Rights Watch Recommendations ...................................................................... 6 To the Chinese Government: .................................................................................. 6 To the International Community ............................................................................. 7 Ongoing Persecution of Those Seeking Reassessment The Chinese government continues to persecute those who seek a public reassessment of the bloody crackdown. Chinese citizens who challenge the official version of what happened in June 1989 are subject to swift reprisals from security forces. These include relatives of victims who demand redress and eyewitnesses to the massacre and its aftermath whose testimonies contradict the official version of events. Even those who merely seek to honor the memory of the late Zhao Ziyang, the secretary general of the Communist Party of China in 1989 who was sacked and placed under house arrest for opposing violence against the demonstrators, find themselves subject to reprisals. Some of those still targeted include: Ding Zilin and the Tiananmen Mothers: Ding is a retired philosophy professor at -
Chin1821.Pdf
http://oac.cdlib.org/findaid/ark:/13030/kt1x0nd955 No online items Finding Aid for the China Democracy Movement and Tiananmen Incident Archives, 1989-1993 Processed by UCLA Library Special Collections staff; machine-readable finding aid created by Caroline Cubé. UCLA Library Special Collections UCLA Library Special Collections staff Room A1713, Charles E. Young Research Library Box 951575 Los Angeles, CA 90095-1575 Email: [email protected] URL: http://www.library.ucla.edu/libraries/special/scweb/ © 2009 The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved. 1821 1 Descriptive Summary Title: China Democracy Movement and Tiananmen Incident Archives Date (inclusive): 1989-1993 Collection number: 1821 Creator: Center for Chinese Studies and the Center for Pacific Rim Studies, UCLA Extent: 22 boxes (11 linear ft.)1 oversize box. Abstract: The present finding aid represents the fruits of a multiyear collaborative effort, undertaken at the initiative of then UCLA Chancellor Charles Young, to collect, collate, classify, and annotate available materials relating to the China Democracy Movement and tiananmen crisis of 1989. These materials---including, inter alia, thousands of documents, transcribed radio broadcasts, local newspaper and journal articles, wall posters, electronic communications, and assorted ephemeral sources, some in Chinese and some in English---provide a wealth of information for scholars, present and future, who wish to gain a better understanding of the complex, swirling forces that surrounded the extraordinary "Beijing Spring" of 1989 and its tragic denouement. The scholarly community is indebted to those who have collected and arranged this archive of materials about the China Democracy Movement and Tiananmen Incident Archives. -
Rough Justice in Beijing: Punishing the "Black Hands" of Tiananmen Square
UCLA UCLA Pacific Basin Law Journal Title Rough Justice in Beijing: Punishing the "Black Hands" of Tiananmen Square Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7zz8w3wg Journal UCLA Pacific Basin Law Journal, 10(1) Author Munro, Robin Publication Date 1991 DOI 10.5070/P8101021984 Peer reviewed eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California ROUGH JUSTICE IN BEIJING* Punishing the "Black Hands" of Tiananmen Square Robin Munro** 1. INTRODUCTION During late spring and early summer, namely, from mid-April to early June of 1989, a tiny handful of people exploited student unrest to launch a planned, organized and premeditated political turmoil, which later developed into a counterrevolutionary rebel- lion in Beijing, the capital. Their purpose was to overthrow the leadership of the Chinese Communist Party and subvert the so- cialist People's Republic of China.... In order to achieve thorough victory, we should mobilize the people completely, strengthen the people's democratic dictator- ship and spare no effort to ferret out the counterrevolutionary rioters. We should uncover instigators and rebellious conspira- tors, punish the organizers and schemers of the unrest and the counterrevolutionary rebellion ...and focus the crackdown on a handful of principal culprits and diehards who refuse to repent.' (Chen Xitong, Mayor of Beijing, on June 30, 1989.) In late 1990, the Chinese government brought formal charges against several dozen of the most prominent leaders of the May- June 1989 Tiananmen Square pro-democracy movement. Trials held in the first two months of 1991 have resulted in sentences rang- ing from two to thirteen years for students and intellectuals. -
People's Republic of China
amnesty international PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA Correction to the Eighth Anniversary of the 1989 Massacre - Those Who Have Been Silenced 19 May 1997 AI Index: ASA 17/20/97/cor Action Ref: CHIRAN 2/97 Distr: CO/GR/SC Please note that there has been a correction made to the addresses for Yu Zhenbin. The information and addresses below should replace the entry included in The Eighth Anniversary of the 1989 Massacre - Those Who Have Been Silenced, ASA 17/20/97 dated April 1997. YU ZHENBIN Yu Zhenbin, a prisoner of conscience, and civil servant from the Qinghai Provincial Archives Bureau was sentenced to 12 years’ imprisonment in January 1991. Yu Zhenbin was apprehended on 27 June 1989 in Xining, the capital of Qinghai province, and charged with "organizing a counter-revolutionary group". He was accused of setting up the Democratic Opposition Parties’ Alliance in Xining. The authorities alleged at the time that this organization was "counter-revolutionary" and aimed at overthrowing the ruling Chinese Communist Party (CCP). Yu Zhenbin was also accused of having made three public speeches in Xining criticizing CCP policies and state leaders and distributing leaflets calling for a revised Constitution, a new central government and an end to one-party rule. Yu Zhenbin, aged 35, is being held at the Haomen Farm, Detachment No. 3, in Beizhou, Qinghai Province. Very little information is known about Yu Zhenbin, probably partly because relatively little information leaked out of Qinghai during the time of the 1989 pro-democracy protests as compared with other parts of China. He is due for release in June 2001. -
The CCP Central Committee's Leading Small Groups Alice Miller
Miller, China Leadership Monitor, No. 26 The CCP Central Committee’s Leading Small Groups Alice Miller For several decades, the Chinese leadership has used informal bodies called “leading small groups” to advise the Party Politburo on policy and to coordinate implementation of policy decisions made by the Politburo and supervised by the Secretariat. Because these groups deal with sensitive leadership processes, PRC media refer to them very rarely, and almost never publicize lists of their members on a current basis. Even the limited accessible view of these groups and their evolution, however, offers insight into the structure of power and working relationships of the top Party leadership under Hu Jintao. A listing of the Central Committee “leading groups” (lingdao xiaozu 领导小组), or just “small groups” (xiaozu 小组), that are directly subordinate to the Party Secretariat and report to the Politburo and its Standing Committee and their members is appended to this article. First created in 1958, these groups are never incorporated into publicly available charts or explanations of Party institutions on a current basis. PRC media occasionally refer to them in the course of reporting on leadership policy processes, and they sometimes mention a leader’s membership in one of them. The only instance in the entire post-Mao era in which PRC media listed the current members of any of these groups was on 2003, when the PRC-controlled Hong Kong newspaper Wen Wei Po publicized a membership list of the Central Committee Taiwan Work Leading Small Group. (Wen Wei Po, 26 December 2003) This has meant that even basic insight into these groups’ current roles and their membership requires painstaking compilation of the occasional references to them in PRC media. -
Resource List | the 1989 Democracy Movement
CRF-2008-02-text-rev.qxd:HRIC-Report 5/23/08 9:54 AM Page 47 CHINA RIGHTS FORUM | NO. 2, 2008 RESOURCE LIST | THE 1989 DEMOCRACY MOVEMENT Following is a list of resources related to the 1989 Democracy Movement. CND also operates related Democracy Movement in China. This list includes websites devoted to June Fourth . NGO and news websites as well as selected multi- media materials and books on June Fourth . Please China News Digest: Victims of Tiananmen note that English titles for books with official title Massacre translations have been included; otherwise, the pinyin [六四屠杀受难者网页] and characters are provided. http://www.cnd.org/HYPLAN/yawei/june4th/ indexC.html (Chinese) http://www.cnd.org/HYPLAN/yawei/june4th WEBSITES (English) Chinese and English BBC: Witnessing Tiananmen http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/37638 This website includes photographs of victims of the 31.stm Tiananmen Square violence and provides a detailed English account of the events that took place. This website provides a compilation of interviews by China News Digest: June Fourth 1989 Diary the BBC from 2004, the 15 th anniversary of the 1989 http://www.cnd.org/June4th/1989_Today_TOC. Tiananmen Democracy Movement. The interviews hz8.html include eyewitness accounts of bystanders, protesters, English and student leaders. The website also offers links to background on and analysis of the 1989 Democracy This website provides a thorough day-by-day account Movement. of the Tiananmen Square protest. Excerpts from the diary of a Tsinghua University student who was at the Boxun.com: Tiananmen Feature protests are included, providing an insider’s view of [博讯:六四图片资料] the events that took place. -
Chapter 4: China Cancer Can Be Conquered
CHAPTER 4: CHINA CANCER CAN BE CONQUERED CAMPAIGN TO ERADICATE CHINA CANCER MUST BEGIN NOW Vicious cycle: eradication and rebirth Cancer cells devour normal cells, destroy everything around them, and eventually die. They disregard any semblance of order, and attempt to appropriate all nutrients within their reach, as though they were destined to live forever. They behave as if only their own survival matters, and proliferate limitlessly. China is said to have a history dating back several thousand years. If we take into account only recorded history, China is about 3,000 years old. If China and cancer cells share the same attributes, how has the former managed to survive this long? Why didn’t the cancer spread to other countries sooner? The truth is that China has collapsed any number of times. On the Central Plain in the Yellow River basin, the cradle of Chinese civilization, China has risen and fallen, and then risen again. All the while it has steadily encroached upon and appropriated neighboring regions, until it attained the size it is today. China’s territory has not increased appreciably over the centuries, except during the Mongol-ruled Yuan dynasty. That can be explained by the self-contained nature of China, and by its worldview, which did not extend beyond China for some time. Needless to say, the lack of transportation prevented China from having an impact on the outside world. In Interpreting Modern Chinese History Through the Theory of Ultrastable Systems: The Great Unification, Jin Guantao and Liu Qingfei indicate that the prototype for Chinese society was more or less complete by the Qin (221-206 BC) and Han (206 BC-220 AD) dynasties. -
Wikipedia: Remembering in the Digital Age
Wikipedia: Remembering in the digital age A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY OF THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF THE UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA BY Chen, Simin Michelle IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF ARTS Advised by Giovanna Dell’Orto June, 2012 © Chen, Simin Michelle 2012 Acknowledgments I owe my deepest gratitude to the following people who have supported me throughout my journey in writing this thesis, for without whom this thesis would not have been possible: • God, for his word and grace was what kept me going even when the journey was getting increasingly harder. • My thesis adviser, Dr. Giovanna Dell’Orto, for her continued encouragement, wisdom, guidance, patience, and belief in me. Words cannot express my gratitude. I owe the completion of this thesis to her. • My committee members for their useful insight and words of encouragement. • Jordan Beim, for being my rock. I thank him for always being there for me. • Jenny Ernie-Steighner, for her positive disposition on life and advice. I can always count on her to put things into perspective for me. i Dedication I dedicate this thesis to my family. ii Abstract Collective memories are usually sanctioned by ruling elites, who determine the types of memory that should be remembered along with how they should be remembered. With the emergence of the Internet, individuals have taken a more active role in preserving and re-presenting the past, thereby opening up a fertile terrain for the study of non-official collective memories. As an open-source website, Wikipedia has the potential to broaden the range of memories accessible on a global platform, memories that may or may not be sanctioned by elites.