2020 Table of Drugs
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Treatment of Localized Extranodal NK/T Cell Lymphoma, Nasal Type: a Systematic Review Seok Jin Kim†, Sang Eun Yoon† and Won Seog Kim*
Kim et al. Journal of Hematology & Oncology (2018) 11:140 https://doi.org/10.1186/s13045-018-0687-0 REVIEW Open Access Treatment of localized extranodal NK/T cell lymphoma, nasal type: a systematic review Seok Jin Kim†, Sang Eun Yoon† and Won Seog Kim* Abstract Extranodal natural killer/T cell lymphoma (ENKTL), nasal type, presents predominantly as a localized disease involving the nasal cavity and adjacent sites, and the treatment of localized nasal ENKTL is a major issue. However, given its rarity, there is no standard therapy based on randomized controlled trials and therefore a lack of consensus on the treatment of localized nasal ENKTL. Currently recommended treatments are based mainly on the results of phase II studies and retrospective analyses. Because the previous outcomes of anthracycline-containing chemotherapy were poor, non- anthracycline-based chemotherapy regimens, including etoposide and L-asparaginase, have been used mainly for patients with localized nasal ENKTL. Radiotherapy also has been used as a main component of treatment because it can produce a rapid response. Accordingly, the combined approach of non-anthracycline-based chemotherapy with radiotherapy is currently recommended as a first-line treatment for localized nasal ENKTL. This review summarizes the different approaches for the use of non-anthracycline-based chemotherapy with radiotherapy including concurrent, sequential, and sandwich chemoradiotherapy, which have been proposed as a first-line treatment for newly diagnosed patients with localized nasal ENKTL. Keywords: Extranodal NK/T cell lymphoma, Chemoradiotherapy, Localized disease Background Treatment for newly diagnosed patients with localized Extranodal natural killer/T cell lymphoma (ENKTL), nasal nasal ENKTL type, is a rare subtype of non-Hodgkin lymphoma [1]. -
List of Covered Drugs
List of Covered Drugs Effective July 1, 2016 INTRODUCTION We are pleased to provide the 2011 Gold Coast Health Plan List of Covered Drugs as a useful reference and informational tool. The GCHP List of Covered Drugs can assist practitioners in selecting clinically appropriate and cost effective products for their patients. The information contained in the GCHP List of Covered Drugs is provided solely for the convenience of medical providers. We do not warrant or assure accuracy of such information nor is it intended to be comprehensive in nature. This List of Covered Drugs is not intended to be a substitute for the knowledge, expertise, skill and judgment of the medical provider in his or her choice of prescription drugs. All the information in this List of Covered Drugs is provided as a reference for drug therapy selection. Specific drug selection for an individual patient rests solely with the prescriber. We assume no responsibility for the actions or omissions of any medical provider based upon reliance, in whole or in part, on the information contained herein. The medical provider should consult the drug manufacturer's product literature or standard references for more detailed information. National guidelines can be found on the National Guideline Clearinghouse site at http://www.guideline.gov PREFACE The GCHP List of Covered Drugs is organized by sections. Each section is divided by therapeutic drug class primarily defined by mechanism of action. Unless exceptions are noted, generally all applicable dosage forms and strengths of the drug cited are included in the GCHP List of Covered Drugs. Generics should be considered the first line of prescribing. -
Role of Thrombin and Thromboxane A2 in Reocclusion Following Coronary
Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA Vol. 86, pp. 7585-7589, October 1989 Medical Sciences Role of thrombin and thromboxane A2 in reocclusion following coronary thrombolysis with tissue-type plasminogen activator (thrombolytic therapy/coronary thrombosis/platelet activation/reperfusion) DESMOND J. FITZGERALD*I* AND GARRET A. FITZGERALD* Divisions of *Clinical Pharmacology and tCardiology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232 Communicated by Philip Needleman, June 28, 1989 (receivedfor review April 12, 1989) ABSTRACT Reocclusion of the coronary artery occurs against the prothrombinase formed on the platelet surface after thrombolytic therapy of acute myocardlal infarction (13) and the neutralization ofheparin by platelet factor 4 (14) despite routine use of the anticoagulant heparin. However, and thrombospondin (15), proteins released by activated heparin is inhibited by platelet activation, which is greatly platelets. enhanced in this setting. Consequently, it is unclear whether To address the role of thrombin during coronary throm- thrombin induces acute reocclusion. To address this possibility, bolysis, we have examined the effect of a specific thrombin we examined the effect of argatroban {MCI9038, (2R,4R)- inhibitor, argatroban {MCI9038, (2R,4R)-4-methyl-1-[N-(3- 4-methyl-l-[Na-(3-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-8-quinolinesulfo- methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-8-quinolinesulfonyl)-L-arginyl]-2- nyl)-L-arginyl]-2-piperidinecarboxylic acid}, a specific throm- piperidinecarboxylic acid} on the response to tissue plasmin- bin inhibitor, on the response to tissue-type plasminogen ogen activator (t-PA) in a closed-chest canine model of activator in a dosed-chest canine model of coronary thrombo- coronary thrombosis. MCI9038, an argimine derivative which sis. MCI9038 prolonged the thrombin time and shortened the binds to a hydrophobic pocket close to the active site of time to reperfusion (28 + 2 min vs. -
The In¯Uence of Medication on Erectile Function
International Journal of Impotence Research (1997) 9, 17±26 ß 1997 Stockton Press All rights reserved 0955-9930/97 $12.00 The in¯uence of medication on erectile function W Meinhardt1, RF Kropman2, P Vermeij3, AAB Lycklama aÁ Nijeholt4 and J Zwartendijk4 1Department of Urology, Netherlands Cancer Institute/Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands; 2Department of Urology, Leyenburg Hospital, Leyweg 275, 2545 CH The Hague, The Netherlands; 3Pharmacy; and 4Department of Urology, Leiden University Hospital, P.O. Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands Keywords: impotence; side-effect; antipsychotic; antihypertensive; physiology; erectile function Introduction stopped their antihypertensive treatment over a ®ve year period, because of side-effects on sexual function.5 In the drug registration procedures sexual Several physiological mechanisms are involved in function is not a major issue. This means that erectile function. A negative in¯uence of prescrip- knowledge of the problem is mainly dependent on tion-drugs on these mechanisms will not always case reports and the lists from side effect registries.6±8 come to the attention of the clinician, whereas a Another way of looking at the problem is drug causing priapism will rarely escape the atten- combining available data on mechanisms of action tion. of drugs with the knowledge of the physiological When erectile function is in¯uenced in a negative mechanisms involved in erectile function. The way compensation may occur. For example, age- advantage of this approach is that remedies may related penile sensory disorders may be compen- evolve from it. sated for by extra stimulation.1 Diminished in¯ux of In this paper we will discuss the subject in the blood will lead to a slower onset of the erection, but following order: may be accepted. -
Stroke Prevention in Chronic Kidney Disease Disclosures
5/18/2020 Controversies: Stroke Prevention in Chronic Kidney Disease Wei Ling Lau, MD FASN FAHA FACP Assistant Professor, Nephrology University of California, Irvine Visiting Fellow at OptumLabsCOPY Disclosures • Prior or current research funding from NIH, AHA, Sanofi, ZS Pharma, and Hub Therapeutics. • Associate Medical Director for home peritoneal dialysis at Fresenius University Dialysis Center of Orange. • Has beenNOT on Fresenius medical advisory board for Velphoro. • No conflicts of interest relevant to the current talk. Controversies: Stroke prevention in CKD Wei Ling Lau, MD DO 1 5/18/2020 Stroke Prevention in CKD • Blood pressure targets • Antiplatelet agents • Statins • Anticoagulation Controversies: Stroke prevention in CKD Wei Ling Lau, MD COPY BP TARGETS Data is limited, as patients with CKD were historically excluded from clinical trials NOT Whelton 2017 ACC/AHA hypertension guidelines [Hypertension 2018] Controversies: Stroke prevention in CKD Wei Ling Lau, MD DO 2 5/18/2020 Systolic Blood Pressure Intervention Trial SPRINT: BP lowering to <120 vs <140 mmHg significantly lowered rate of CVD composite primary outcome; no clear effect on stroke Controversies: Stroke prevention in CKD The SPRINT Research Group. N Engl J Med 2015 p2103 Wei Ling Lau, MD COPY SPRINT subgroup analysis: CKD • Patients with CKD stage 3‐4 (eGFR of 20 to <60) comprised 28% of the SPRINT study population • Intensive BP management seemed to provide the same benefits for reduction in the CVD composite primary outcomeNOT – but did not impact stroke Controversies: Stroke prevention in CKD Cheung 2017 J Am Soc Nephrol p2812 Wei Ling Lau, MD DO 3 5/18/2020 The hazard of incident stroke associated with systolic BP (SBP) and chronic kidney disease (CKD)BP using and an unadjusted stroke model risk: that contained J‐shaped dummy variables association for CKD and BP groups (A) and a fully adjusted model that contained dummy variables for CKD and BP grou.. -
Interleukins in Therapeutics
67 ISSN: 2347 - 7881 Review Article Interleukins in Therapeutics Anjan Khadka Department of Pharmacology, AFMC, Pune, India [email protected] ABSTRACT Interleukins are a subset of a larger group of cellular messenger molecules called cytokines, which are modulators of cellular behaviour. On the basis of their respective cytokine profiles, responses to chemokines, and interactions with other cells, these T-cell subsets can promote different types of inflammatory responses. During the development of allergic disease, effector TH2 cells produce IL-4, IL- 5, IL-9, and IL-32. IL-25, IL- 31, and IL-33 contributes to TH2 responses and inflammation. These cytokines have roles in production of allergen-specific IgE, eosinophilia, and mucus. ILs have role in therapeutics as well as diagnosis and prognosis as biomarker in various conditions. Therapeutic targeting of the IL considered to be rational treatment strategy and promising biologic therapy. Keywords: Interleukins, cytokines, Interleukin Inhibitors, Advances INTRODUCTION meaning ‘hormones’. It was Stanley Cohen in Interleukins are group of cytokines that were 1974 who for the first time introduced the term first seen to be expressed by leucocytes and ‘‘cytokine’’. It includes lymphokines, they interact between cells of the immune monokines, interleukins, and colony stimulating systems. It is termed by Dr. Vern Paetkau factors (CSFs), interferons (IFNs), tumor (University of Victoria) in1979.Interleukins (IL) necrosis factor (TNF) and chemokines. The are able to promote cell growth, differentiation, majority of interleukins are synthesized by and functional activation. The question of how helper CD4 T lymphocytes as well as through diverse cell types communicate with each monocytes, macrophages, and endothelial cells. -
Eptifibatide Is Noninferior to Abciximab: Implications for Clinical Practice
RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS ANTIPLATELET THERAPY Eptifibatide is noninferior to abciximab: implications for clinical practice he glycoprotein IIb/IIIa (GPIIb/ randomized, open, parallel-group January 2004 and December 2007, IIIa) inhibitors eptifibatide and comparison of eptifibatide and abciximab and eptifibatide was used in 2,355 Tabciximab have comparable efficacy in 427 patients presenting within 12 h such procedures over this time frame. and safety in patients with ST-segment of STEMI onset and who underwent During the 1-year follow-up period, elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) primary PCI. Enrolled patients were from no significant difference was reported undergoing primary percutaneous 22 centers in France and Germany. The for the incidence of death (8.0% and coronary intervention (PCI). These two study drugs were administered in 7.6%), myocardial infarction (9.0% and findings, from a randomized trial and a combination with background therapy 8.4%), or bleeding (2.7% and 3.2%) registry study, are reported in two papers comprising clopidogrel, aspirin, and between abciximab and eptifibatide, published in the Journal of the American heparin or enoxaparin. This study used respectively. Multivariable analysis College of Cardiology (JACC). the surrogate primary end point of showed that eptifibatide was noninferior Platelet aggregation and thrombus complete electrocardiographic ST-segment to abciximab for the prevention of death formation can be inhibited by blocking resolution (STR) 60 min after completion or myocardial infarction (odds ratio 0.94, the GPIIb/IIIa receptor on the platelet of PCI. 95% CI 0.82–1.09). membrane, thereby preventing the binding In the intention-to-treat analysis, These findings “fuel an already much of fibrinogen. -
Challenges and Approaches for the Development of Safer Immunomodulatory Biologics
REVIEWS Challenges and approaches for the development of safer immunomodulatory biologics Jean G. Sathish1*, Swaminathan Sethu1*, Marie-Christine Bielsky2, Lolke de Haan3, Neil S. French1, Karthik Govindappa1, James Green4, Christopher E. M. Griffiths5, Stephen Holgate6, David Jones2, Ian Kimber7, Jonathan Moggs8, Dean J. Naisbitt1, Munir Pirmohamed1, Gabriele Reichmann9, Jennifer Sims10, Meena Subramanyam11, Marque D. Todd12, Jan Willem Van Der Laan13, Richard J. Weaver14 and B. Kevin Park1 Abstract | Immunomodulatory biologics, which render their therapeutic effects by modulating or harnessing immune responses, have proven their therapeutic utility in several complex conditions including cancer and autoimmune diseases. However, unwanted adverse reactions — including serious infections, malignancy, cytokine release syndrome, anaphylaxis and hypersensitivity as well as immunogenicity — pose a challenge to the development of new (and safer) immunomodulatory biologics. In this article, we assess the safety issues associated with immunomodulatory biologics and discuss the current approaches for predicting and mitigating adverse reactions associated with their use. We also outline how these approaches can inform the development of safer immunomodulatory biologics. Immunomodulatory Biologics currently represent more than 30% of licensed The high specificity of the interactions of immu- biologics pharmaceutical products and have expanded the thera- nomodulatory biologics with their relevant immune Biotechnology-derived peutic options available -
Ciera L. Patzke, Alison P. Duffy, Vu H. Duong, Firas El Chaer 4, James A
Journal of Clinical Medicine Article Comparison of High-Dose Cytarabine, Mitoxantrone, and Pegaspargase (HAM-pegA) to High-Dose Cytarabine, Mitoxantrone, Cladribine, and Filgrastim (CLAG-M) as First-Line Salvage Cytotoxic Chemotherapy for Relapsed/Refractory Acute Myeloid Leukemia Ciera L. Patzke 1, Alison P. Duffy 1,2, Vu H. Duong 1,3, Firas El Chaer 4, James A. Trovato 2, Maria R. Baer 1,3, Søren M. Bentzen 1,3 and Ashkan Emadi 1,3,* 1 Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; [email protected] (C.L.P.); aduff[email protected] (A.P.D.); [email protected] (V.H.D.); [email protected] (M.R.B.); [email protected] (S.M.B.) 2 School of Pharmacy, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; [email protected] 3 School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA 4 School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +1-410-328-2596 Received: 10 January 2020; Accepted: 13 February 2020; Published: 16 February 2020 Abstract: Currently, no standard of care exists for the treatment of relapsed or refractory acute myeloid leukemia (AML). We present our institutional experience with using either CLAG-M or HAM-pegA, a novel regimen that includes pegaspargase. This is a retrospective comparison of 34 patients receiving CLAG-M and 10 receiving HAM-pegA as first salvage cytotoxic chemotherapy in the relapsed or refractory setting. Composite complete response rates were 47.1% for CLAG-M and 90% for HAM-pegA (p = 0.027). -
Properties and Units in Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology
Pure Appl. Chem., Vol. 72, No. 3, pp. 479–552, 2000. © 2000 IUPAC INTERNATIONAL FEDERATION OF CLINICAL CHEMISTRY AND LABORATORY MEDICINE SCIENTIFIC DIVISION COMMITTEE ON NOMENCLATURE, PROPERTIES, AND UNITS (C-NPU)# and INTERNATIONAL UNION OF PURE AND APPLIED CHEMISTRY CHEMISTRY AND HUMAN HEALTH DIVISION CLINICAL CHEMISTRY SECTION COMMISSION ON NOMENCLATURE, PROPERTIES, AND UNITS (C-NPU)§ PROPERTIES AND UNITS IN THE CLINICAL LABORATORY SCIENCES PART XII. PROPERTIES AND UNITS IN CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY AND TOXICOLOGY (Technical Report) (IFCC–IUPAC 1999) Prepared for publication by HENRIK OLESEN1, DAVID COWAN2, RAFAEL DE LA TORRE3 , IVAN BRUUNSHUUS1, MORTEN ROHDE1, and DESMOND KENNY4 1Office of Laboratory Informatics, Copenhagen University Hospital (Rigshospitalet), Copenhagen, Denmark; 2Drug Control Centre, London University, King’s College, London, UK; 3IMIM, Dr. Aiguader 80, Barcelona, Spain; 4Dept. of Clinical Biochemistry, Our Lady’s Hospital for Sick Children, Crumlin, Dublin 12, Ireland #§The combined Memberships of the Committee and the Commission (C-NPU) during the preparation of this report (1994–1996) were as follows: Chairman: H. Olesen (Denmark, 1989–1995); D. Kenny (Ireland, 1996); Members: X. Fuentes-Arderiu (Spain, 1991–1997); J. G. Hill (Canada, 1987–1997); D. Kenny (Ireland, 1994–1997); H. Olesen (Denmark, 1985–1995); P. L. Storring (UK, 1989–1995); P. Soares de Araujo (Brazil, 1994–1997); R. Dybkær (Denmark, 1996–1997); C. McDonald (USA, 1996–1997). Please forward comments to: H. Olesen, Office of Laboratory Informatics 76-6-1, Copenhagen University Hospital (Rigshospitalet), 9 Blegdamsvej, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. E-mail: [email protected] Republication or reproduction of this report or its storage and/or dissemination by electronic means is permitted without the need for formal IUPAC permission on condition that an acknowledgment, with full reference to the source, along with use of the copyright symbol ©, the name IUPAC, and the year of publication, are prominently visible. -
Use of Fluorescence to Guide Resection Or Biopsy of Primary Brain Tumors and Brain Metastases
Neurosurg Focus 36 (2):E10, 2014 ©AANS, 2014 Use of fluorescence to guide resection or biopsy of primary brain tumors and brain metastases *SERGE MARBACHER, M.D., M.SC.,1,5 ELISABETH KLINGER, M.D.,2 LUCIA SCHWYZER, M.D.,1,5 INGEBORG FISCHER, M.D.,3 EDIN NEVZATI, M.D.,1 MICHAEL DIEPERS, M.D.,2,5 ULRICH ROELCKE, M.D.,4,5 ALI-REZA FATHI, M.D.,1,5 DANIEL COLUCCIA, M.D.,1,5 AND JAVIER FANDINO, M.D.1,5 Departments of 1Neurosurgery, 2Neuroradiology, 3Pathology, and 4Neurology, and 5Brain Tumor Center, Kantonsspital Aarau, Aarau, Switzerland Object. The accurate discrimination between tumor and normal tissue is crucial for determining how much to resect and therefore for the clinical outcome of patients with brain tumors. In recent years, guidance with 5-aminolev- ulinic acid (5-ALA)–induced intraoperative fluorescence has proven to be a useful surgical adjunct for gross-total resection of high-grade gliomas. The clinical utility of 5-ALA in resection of brain tumors other than glioblastomas has not yet been established. The authors assessed the frequency of positive 5-ALA fluorescence in a cohort of pa- tients with primary brain tumors and metastases. Methods. The authors conducted a single-center retrospective analysis of 531 patients with intracranial tumors treated by 5-ALA–guided resection or biopsy. They analyzed patient characteristics, preoperative and postoperative liver function test results, intraoperative tumor fluorescence, and histological data. They also screened discharge summaries for clinical adverse effects resulting from the administration of 5-ALA. Intraoperative qualitative 5-ALA fluorescence (none, mild, moderate, and strong) was documented by the surgeon and dichotomized into negative and positive fluorescence. -
Deliverable 5.A Interim Report on the Study Results APPENDIX 2
Deliverable 5.a Interim report on the study results APPENDIX 2: Algorithms used to identify study variables for service contract EMA/2011/38/CN ‐ PIOGLITAZONE November 28th 2012 D5.a Interim report on the study results (Appendix 2) for Service Contract EMA/2011/38/CN PIOGLITAZONE Author(s): Vera Ehrenstein (AUH‐AS) APPENDIX 2. ALGORITHMS USED TO IDENTIFY STUDY VARIABLES Algorithms for AU Database DISEASE/CONDITION ICD-8 CODE (1977-1993) ICD-10 CODE (1994-) Diabetes type 2 250.00; 250.06; 250.07; 250.09 E11.0; E11.1; E11.9 Cancer of bladder 188 C67 Haematuria N/A R31 Haematuria, unspecified B18, K70.0–K70.3, K70.9, K71, K73, Mild hepatic impairment 571, 573.01, 573.04 K74, K76.0 Moderate to severe hepatic 070.00, 070.02, 070.04, 070.06, B15.0, B16.0, B16.2, B19.0, K70.4, impairment 070.08, 573.00, 456.00–456.09 K72, K76.6, I85 Acute myocardial infarction 410 I21-I23 Acute coronary syndrome 410, 413 I20-I24 Ischemic heart disease 410-414 I20-I25 427.09, 427.10, 427.11, 427.19, Congestive heart failure I50, I11.0, I13.0,I13.2 428.99, 782.49; Acute renal failure N/A N17 Diabetic coma N/A E10.0, E11.0, E12.0,E13.0, E14.0 Diabetic acidosis N/A E10.1, E11.1, E12.1,E13.1, E14.1 F10.1-F10.9, G31.2, G62.1, G72.1, Alcoholism 291, 303, 577.10, 571.09, 571.10 I42.6, K29.2, K86.0, Z72.1 Obesity 277.99 E65-E66 D5.a Interim report on the study results (Appendix 2) for Service Contract EMA/2011/38/CN PIOGLITAZONE Author(s): Vera Ehrenstein (AUH‐AS) Algorithms for defining acute events in Denmark, ICD-10 code Event ICD-10 code I21.x, I23.x http://apps.who.int/classifications/icd10/browse/2010/en#/I21