DOCSLIB.ORG

Cambridge University Press 978-1-108-49856-2 — Life in Extreme Environments Edited by Guido Di Prisco , Howell G

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Cambridge University Press 978-1-108-49856-2 — Life in Extreme Environments Edited by Guido Di Prisco , Howell G Cambridge University Press 978-1-108-49856-2 — Life in Extreme Environments Edited by Guido di Prisco , Howell G. M. Edwards , Josef Elster , Ad H. L. Huiskes Index More Information Index Acanthogorgia laxa, 258, 263, 267 Ancylonema nordenskiöldii, 107, 108 acclimation, 112–113, 161, 203, 207 Anelloviridae, 133 biochemical, 113–117 Anopheles,23 to light environments, 324, 329 Anoxycalyx acetogenins, 256 A. ijimai, 257 acetoxyfimbrolide, 256, 262 A. joubini, 197, 257 Acidithiobacillus, 288 Antarctic brittle star (Ophionotus victoriae), 193 Acidobacteria, 238 Antarctic circumpolar wave (ACW), 186 Actinobacteria, 69, 238, 241–242 Antarctic Ocean in subglacial habitats, 287 continental shelf area, 185 adaptation-acclimatization mechanisms, summer temperatures, 167 320–325 Antarctic Peninsula, effects of climate adenoviruses, 133 change, 149, 167, 188, 203 Aedes, 130 Antarctic toothfish (Dissostichus antarcticus), Agave, 165 226 Ainigmaptilon antarcticus, 258, 263, 267 Antarcturus cf. spinacoronatus, 227 ainigmaptilone A and B, 258 Anthomastus bathyproctus, 255, 258, 263 alcyonicene, 255, 258 antifouling activity, 253, 261, 263, 265 Alcyonidium flabeliforme, 264 antifreeze proteins/peptides, 163, 172, Alcyonium, 263 194–196, 257, 324 A. antarcticum, 255, 258, 267 antimicrobial activity, 262–263, 265 A. grandis, 255, 258, 267 antipredatory activity, 253, 261, 262–263, A. haddoni, 255, 267 264–265 A. paucilobulatum, 255 ants, 345 A. roseum, 255, 267 aplicyanins, 259, 261, 265 alcyopterosins, 255, 258, 263 Aplidium, 260, 263, 265 aldrin, 22, 23 A. cyaneum, 259, 267 algae, 219 A. falklandicum, 259, 267 alkaloids, 254, 261 A. fuegiense, 259, 267 Allen Hills SNC Martian meteorite, ALH A. meridianum, 259, 260, 267 84001, 302 arboviruses, 128, 130–131, 134–135 Aloe, 165 archaea, 153, 345 Alvinella earliest forms of, 308 A. caudata, 47, 49, 55 in Cryosols, 237, 238 A. pompejana, 43–44, 46–50, 57, 58, 343 in deep-sea hypersaline basins, 91, 97 alvinellid worms in subglacial environments, 287 adaptation to chronic hypoxia, 51–52 radiation resistance, 68, 69 effects of hydrogen sulfide, 55 Archaeoglobus fulgidus,69 oxidative stress response, 58 arctic foxes, 134 thermal adaptation, 46–50 Arctic Ocean, 27 thermal tolerance, 43–45 age of, 163 amphipods, 187, 201 continental shelf area, 185 gigantism, 197–200 reduction in sea ice, 169 sequestration of metals, 56 seasonal radiation pattern, 224 Anabaena siamensis, 331 seasonality, 185 Anaerolineaceae, 240 Arctogadus glacialis,19 © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-108-49856-2 — Life in Extreme Environments Edited by Guido di Prisco , Howell G. M. Edwards , Josef Elster , Ad H. L. Huiskes Index More Information 356 INDEX Arenicola marina,54 Branchipolynoe,51 Aroclor 1248, 23 B. seepensis,55 Arrhenius equation, 104 B. symmytilida, 52–53, 55 Artemisina apollinis, 257, 266 bromoform, 256 arthropods, 91, 157 bryozoans, 255, 259, 262, 264–265, 268 thermal tolerance, 345 Bugula longissima, 259, 261 viruses borne and transmitted by, 128, Bythograea thermydron, 45, 54 130–131, 134, 135 ascidians, 221, 225, 261, 263 C-16-azulenoid, 258 Ascomycota, 242 Cache Valley virus (CVV), 134 Ascoseira mirabilis, 256, 262, 266 cadmium (Cd), 22, 26 asterosaponins, 259 caliciviruses, 133 astrobiology California encephalitis virus, 134 of Mars, 304–306 Calloria incospicua, 208 vs. exobiology, 302–303 caminatal, 258 ATP, 16–18, 33, 54 Camptoplites Atriplex, 165 C. angustus, 264 AURORA programme, 301 C. tricornis, 264 autotrophic microorganisms, 319 cancer, 80 avian influenza virus, 132–133 canine adenoviruses (CAV), 134 canine distemper virus (CDV), 129, 133–134 ß-carotene, 71 canine parvovirus (CPV), 129 Bacteriodetes, 238 carbon, 307–308, 309, 311–312 in subglacial habitats, 287 carbon metabolisms, 290–291 bacteriorhodopsin, 172 carotenoids, 70–71, 307, 310–311, 322, 325, bank vole (Myodes glareolus), 135 333 Barent Sea, 169 catalase, 58–59, 172, 324 basidiomycetes, 236, 237, 242 CCCryo Culture Collection of Cryophilic Russula, 243 Algae, 117 Thelephora, 243 Cell-TrackerTM Green, 95 Bathydoris hodgsoni, 259, 263, 267 Cephaloscyllium isabella,18 Bathymodiolus,57 Cervid herpesvirus 2, 133 B. azoricus, 46, 56, 57, 58 Chaetomium thermophilum,49 B. platifrons,57 Channichthyidae, 168, 196 B. thermophilus,57 Chaoborus, 130 Bathyraja eatonii,16 Cheirimedon femoratus, 263, 264, 265 Benson-Calvin cycle, 54 chemical ecology, 251–254 Bergmann’s rule, 196 ecological activity, 262–267 Bering Sea, 169 effects of climate change, 265–269 Bindschadler Ice Stream, 285 types of molecules, 254–261 biodiversity, 87–89 chemoautotrophic microorganisms, 319 biogeomarkers, 306, 313 chemosynthesis, 42, 289 biological ice nucleators, 172 chitin, 96 biomarkers, 306–310, 313 Chlainomona, 106 based on photosynthetic activity, 333–334 Chlamydomonadaceae, 106–107, 114–115, isotopic, 331 117, 325 morphological, 331 Chlamydomonas, 106 Raman bands, 313–314 C. nivalis, 114–115 spectroscopic, 332–333 chlordanes (CHLs), 22 biominerals, 306–307, 308, 331 Chlorella, 79, 110, 330 bioprospecting, 171, 173 C. vulgaris,79 bioremediation, 172 Chloroflexi, 238, 240, 241 biosignatures, 306, 308–310 Chlorogloeopsis nivalis,71 biotechnology, 170, 172–173 Chloromonas, 106–107 bisphenol A (BPA), 21, 22, 25 C. brevispina, 117 Bohr effect, 16–18, 33, 52 C. polyptera, 107 Boomerang Nebula, 345 cf. nivalis, 106 border disease virus, 129 chlorophylls, 333, 334 Bouvet Island, 253 Chlorophyta, 71, 108, 254 bovine viral diarrhea virus, 129 in High Level Natural Radiation Areas, 76 brachiopods, 161, 197, 201, 202, 206, 208, 263 Chlorosarcina, 110 Branchioasychis americana,55 CHNOPS principle, 298 © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-108-49856-2 — Life in Extreme Environments Edited by Guido di Prisco , Howell G. M. Edwards , Josef Elster , Ad H. L. Huiskes Index More Information INDEX 357 Chondrichthyes, 29, 32 vulnerability of soil organic matter, Chroococcidiopsis,82 236–237 C. thermalis Geitler (1933) strain S.M/S9, 76 cryptomonads, 71 C. thermalis ISB83, 79, 82 cryptophytes, 113 Chroococcus membranius,78 Culex, 130 chrysophytes, 71, 113, 116, 331 Cyanidium, 330 clams, 54–55 cyanobacteria, 102, 301, 308, See also climate change oxyphototrophic microorganisms adaptation strategies, 158–160, See also diversity in hot springs, 74 polar marine animals:adaptations to radiation resistance, 70, 75, 80–82 climate change secretion of extracellular polysaccharides, capacity of organisms to adapt to, 160–164 116 effects on Cryosols, 234, 236, 245 Cyclopterus lumpus, 131 effects on the synthesis of natural products, Cylindrospermum licheniforme, 74, 79 251–253, 265–269 Cystosphaera jacquinotii, 256, 262, 266 extinctions due to, 184 cystosphaerol, 256 future perspectives, 174–175 cytotoxicity, 262, 263–264, 265 in polar marine environments, 167–169, 186–188 Dakariella dabrowni, 264 in polar regions, 101, 149–150 darwinolide, 257 plant adaptations, 164–167 Dasystenella acanthina, 255, 259, 267 predicted effects of, 156–158 deacetoxy-alcyonicene, 255, 258 Clostridia, 240 Deep Hypersaline Anoxic Basins (DHAB), Cnemidocarpa verrucosa, 263 89–91 Cnidaria, 255, 258, 261, 263, 267 bodiversity of species, 91–94 CO2, 240, 291, 333 interactions between metazoa and atmospheric, 89, 166, 167 microbes in sediments, 97 effect in hemoglobins, 53 metazoan adaptations, 95–96 human production of, 188 deep-sea hydrothermal vent species in hydrothermal vent fluid, 43, 45 adaptations to hypoxia, 50 in oceans, 207 fish, 50 coccolithophorids, 331 invertebrates, 51–54 Coincidental Decomposer hypothesis, 243 diversity, 42 cold shock proteins (Csp), 237 effects of hydrogen sulfide (H2S), 54–55 Coleofasciculus chthonoplastes KC2 (KY563068), 75 effects of metals, 55–56 Colwellia psychrerythraea, 172 effects of temperature, 43–50 contaminants, 19–28 oxidative stress response, 58–59 Coordination Action for Research on Life in sequestration of metal ions, 56–57 Extreme Environments (CAREX) deep-sea hydrothermal vents, 42–43, 184 definition of extreme environments, 218, properties of hydrothermal fluid, 43 227, 230 Deinococcus research themes, 4–5 D. geothermalis,69 copepods, 29, 53, 91, 187 D. murrayi,69 corals, 156 D. radiodurans, 69, 82 chemical defenses, 255, 263 Deinococcus-Thermus, 97 effects of acidification, 207 Delisea pulchra, 256, 266 Cornucopina Deltaproteobacteria, 240 C. pectogemma, 264, 265 Dendrilla membranosa, 257, 266, 268 C. polymorpha, 265 desiccation, 70, 102, 105, 110–113, 115–116, crabs, 45–46, 51, 52 325 Crassulacean Acid Metabolism, 165 Desmarestia Crella, 255, 257, 266 D. anceps, 256, 262, 266 crocodile ice fish (Channichthyidae), 196 D. antarctica, 256, 262, 266 crustaceans, 51 D. kerguelenensis, 268 Cryosols D. menziesii, 256, 262, 266, 268 adaptation of microorganisms to the Desulfocapsa, 287 extreme conditions, 237–238 Desulfuromonadales, 240 characteristics and distribution, 234–235 Desulfuromonas, 288 structure and activity of fungal diatoms, 71, 108, 111–112, 113 communities, 242–244 dichloro diphenyl trichloroethane (DDT), 22, structure and activity of prokaryotic 23–24 communities, 238–242 dieldrin, 22, 23 © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-108-49856-2 — Life in Extreme Environments Edited by Guido di Prisco , Howell G. M. Edwards , Josef Elster , Ad H. L. Huiskes Index More Information 358 INDEX dinoflagellates, 71, 113 extreme seasonality, 189, 223–224 dioxin-like compound (DLC), 20 life in near darkness
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Microbial Interactions with Arsenite, Hydrogen and Sulfide In
    MICROBIAL INTERACTIONS WITH ARSENITE, HYDROGEN AND SULFIDE IN AN ACID-SULFATE-CHLORIDE GEOTHERMAL SPRING by Seth D’Imperio A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Ecology and Environmental Sciences MONTANA STATE UNIVERSITY Bozeman, Montana April, 2008 ©COPYRIGHT by Seth D’Imperio 2008 All Rights Reserved ii APPROVAL of a dissertation submitted by Seth D’Imperio This dissertation has been read by each member of the dissertation committee and has been found to be satisfactory regarding content, English usage, format, citation, bibliographic style, and consistency, and is ready for submission to the Division of Graduate Education. Dr. Timothy R. McDermott Approved for the Department Land Resources and Environmental Science Dr. Jon M. Wraith Approved for the Division of Graduate Education Dr. Carl A. Fox iii STATEMENT OF PERMISSION TO USE In presenting this dissertation in partial fulfillment of the requirements for a doctoral degree at Montana State University, I agree that the Library shall make it available to borrowers under rules of the Library. I further agree that copying of this dissertation is allowable only for scholarly purposes, consistent with “fair use” as prescribed in the U.S. Copyright Law. Requests for extensive copying or reproduction of this dissertation should be referred to ProQuest Information and Learning, 300 North Zeeb Road, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48106, to whom I have granted “the exclusive right to reproduce and distribute my dissertation in and from microform along with the non- exclusive right to reproduce and distribute my abstract in any format in whole or in part.” Seth D’Imperio April 2008 iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Firstly, I would like to thank Dr.
    [Show full text]
  • Management Plan For
    Measure 8 (2013) Annex Management Plan for Antarctic Specially Protected Area (ASPA) No.138 Linnaeus Terrace, Asgard Range, Victoria Land Introduction Linnaeus Terrace is an elevated bench of weathered Beacon Sandstone located at the western end of the Asgard Range, 1.5km north of Oliver Peak, at 161° 05.0' E 77° 35.8' S,. The terrace is ~ 1.5 km in length by ~1 km in width at an elevation of about 1600m. Linnaeus Terrace is one of the richest known localities for the cryptoendolithic communities that colonize the Beacon Sandstone. The sandstones also exhibit rare physical and biological weathering structures, as well as trace fossils. The excellent examples of cryptoendolithic communities are of outstanding scientific value, and are the subject of some of the most detailed Antarctic cryptoendolithic descriptions. The site is vulnerable to disturbance by trampling and sampling, and is sensitive to the importation of non-native plant, animal or microbial species and requires long-term special protection. Linnaeus Terrace was originally designated as Site of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI) No. 19 through Recommendation XIII-8 (1985) after a proposal by the United States of America. The SSSI expiry date was extended by Resolution 7 (1995), and the Management Plan was adopted in Annex V format through Measure 1 (1996). The site was renamed and renumbered as ASPA No 138 by Decision 1 (2002). The Management Plan was updated through Measure 10 (2008) to include additional provisions to reduce the risk of non-native species introductions into the Area. The Area is situated in Environment S – McMurdo – South Victoria Land Geologic based on the Environmental Domains Analysis for Antarctica and in Region 9 – South Victoria Land based on the Antarctic Conservation Biogeographic Regions.
    [Show full text]
  • Role of Chemolithoautotrophic Microorganisms Involved in Nitrogen and Sulfur Cycling in Coastal Marine Sediments
    Role of chemolithoautotrophic microorganisms involved in nitrogen and sulfur cycling in coastal marine sediments Yvonne Antonia Lipsewers THIS RESEARCH WAS FINANCIALLY SUPPORTED BY DARWIN CENTER FOR BIOGEOSCIENCES NIOZ – ROYAL NETHERLANDS INSTITUTE FOR SEA RESEARCH ISBN: 978-90-6266-492-4 Cover photos: S. Rampen, L. Villanueva, M. van der Meer Printed by Ipskamp Printing, The Netherlands Role of chemolithoautotrophic microorganisms involved in nitrogen and sulfur cycling in coastal marine sediments De rol van chemolithoautotrofe micro-organismen die deelnemen in de stikstof- en zwavelcyclus in mariene kustsedimenten (met een samenvatting in het Nederlands) Proefschrift ter verkrijging van de graad van doctor aan de Universiteit Utrecht op gezag van de rector magnificus, prof.dr. G.J. van der Zwaan, ingevolge het besluit van het college voor promoties in het openbaar te verdedigen op dinsdag 5 december 2017 des ochtends te 10.30 uur door Yvonne Antonia Lipsewers geboren op 18 juli 1977 te Salzkotten, Duitsland Promotor: Prof. dr. ir. J.S. Sinninghe Damsté Copromotor: Dr. L. Villanueva „Hinterher ist man immer schlauer…“ Für meine Familie Table of contents Chapter 1 – Introduction .....................................................................................................1 Chapter 2 – Seasonality and depth distribution of the abundance and activity of am- monia oxidizing microorganisms in marine coastal sediments (North Sea) ..........23 Chapter 3 – Lack of 13C-label incorporation suggests low turnover rates of thaumar- chaeal intact
    [Show full text]
  • Tardigrade Hypsibius Klebelsbergimihelcic, 1959 (Tardigrada), Based on Material from the Btztal Alps, Austria
    Hamburg, November 2003 I Mill. hamb. zool. Mu •. Inst. I Band 100 I S. 73-100 ISSN 0072 9612 Redescription and notes on the biology of the glacier tardigrade Hypsibius klebelsbergiMIHELcIC, 1959 (Tardigrada), based on material from the btztal Alps, Austria 1 2 3 HIERONYMUS DASTYCH , HANSJORG KRAUS & KONRAD THALER I UniversiUit Hamburg, Zoologisches Institut und Zoologisches Museum, Martin-Luther-King­ Platz 3, 20146 Hamburg, Germany; 2 Schloss-Tratzberg-StraBe 40, A-6200 Jenbach, Austria; 3 Institut fUr Zoologie & Limnologie, Universitilt Innsbruck, TechnikerstraBe 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria. ABSTRACT. - A redescription of a cryobiotic tardigrade, Hypsibli,J' /debe/sbergi MIHELCIC, 1959, is presented, based on material from cryoconite holes on the glacier Rotmoosfemer in the Otztal Alps (Austria). Much of the basic morphometric data of H. klebelsbergi is provided here for the first time and the bulk of available biological and ecological information about the species and its distribution is evaluated and discussed. The combination of some characters of H. klebelsbergi (e.g., the shape of anterior apophyses of the mouth tube and of the claws) indicates its separate generic status. A bisexual (amphimictic) reproduction mode for H. /debe/sbergi is implied. The latter and the taxonomic position of the species, including its possible synonymy with H. janelscheld Ramazzotti, 1968, known only from a Himalayan glacier, require further studies. KEYWORDS: Tardigrada, Hypsibills Idebelsbergl: redescription, SEM, taxonomy, glaciers, cryo­ conite holes, cryobionl, ecology, the Alps, Austria. Introduction Only a few invertebrate taxa dwell permanently on glaciers, where all available habitats are characterized by harsh environmental conditions. Cryoconite holes (= Kryokonitlocher, Mittagslocher), are aquatic microcaverns that occur on the ice surface (Fig.
    [Show full text]
  • Sponges Are Highly Resistant to Radiation Exposure and Cancer
    bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.03.17.435910; this version posted March 19, 2021. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse allowed without permission. Sponges are highly resistant to radiation exposure and cancer Angelo Fortunato1,2,3†, Jake Taylor1,2,3, Jonathan Scirone1,2,3, Athena Aktipis1,4* and Carlo C. Maley1,2,3* 1. Arizona Cancer Evolution Center, Arizona State University, 1001 S. McAllister Ave., Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA. 2. Biodesign Center for Biocomputing, Security and Society, Arizona State University, 727 E. Tyler St.,Tempe, AZ 85281, USA. 3. School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, 427 East Tyler Mall, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA. 4. Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA. † Corresponding author * co-senior authors bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.03.17.435910; this version posted March 19, 2021. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse allowed without permission. Abstract There are no reports of cancer in sponges, despite them having somatic cell turnover, long lifespans and no specialized adaptive immune cells. In order to investigate whether sponges are cancer resistant, we exposed a species of sponge, Tethya wilhelma, to X-rays. We found that T. wilhelma can withstand 600 Gy of X-ray radiation. That is approximately 100 times the lethal dose for humans. A single high dose of X-rays did not induce cancer in sponges, providing the first experimental evidence of cancer resistance in the phylum, Porifera.
    [Show full text]
  • Survival of the Tardigrade Hypsibius Dujardini During Hypervelocity Impact Events up to 3.23 Km S-1
    45th Lunar and Planetary Science Conference (2014) 1789.pdf SURVIVAL OF THE TARDIGRADE HYPSIBIUS DUJARDINI DURING HYPERVELOCITY IMPACT EVENTS UP TO 3.23 KM S-1. D. L. S. Pasini1, M. C. Price1, M. J. Burchell1, and M. J. Cole1. 1School of Physical Sciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, Kent, CT2 7NH, UK (corresponding author: [email protected]). Introduction: tardigrades (51 × 51 × 10 mm). For each sample fired Studies have previously been conducted to upon, another was also removed from the freezer and verify the survivability of living cells during hyper- thawed, this served as the unshocked control. Tables 1 velocity impact events to test the panspermia and litho- & 2 give details of the shot programme, including panspermia hypotheses [1, 2]. It has been demonstrated measured impact velocity, the approximate shock pres- that bacteria survive impacts up to 5.4 km s-1 (approx. sure of the impact, and the range of pressures felt shock pressure 30 GPa) – albeit with a low probability across the target. The target was mounted in a specially of survival [1], whilst larger, more complex, objects designed target holder and the pressure in the target (such as seeds) break up at ~1 km s-1 [2]. The surviva- chamber was lowered to 50 mBar and at which point bility of yeast spores in impacts up to 7.4 km s-1 has the gun was fired. Immediately after the shot, the target also recently been shown [3]. Previous work by the chamber was returned to atmospheric pressure, the authors demonstrated the survivability of target holder removed, and the remaining water and ice Nannochloropsis Oculata Phytoplankton, a eukaryotic in the target holder were collected and analysed under photosynthesizing autotroph found in the ‘euphotic a optical microscope to search for surviving zone’ (sunlit surface layers of oceans [4]), at impact tardigrades.
    [Show full text]
  • Algal Toxic Compounds and Their Aeroterrestrial, Airborne and Other Extremophilic Producers with Attention to Soil and Plant Contamination: a Review
    toxins Review Algal Toxic Compounds and Their Aeroterrestrial, Airborne and other Extremophilic Producers with Attention to Soil and Plant Contamination: A Review Georg G¨аrtner 1, Maya Stoyneva-G¨аrtner 2 and Blagoy Uzunov 2,* 1 Institut für Botanik der Universität Innsbruck, Sternwartestrasse 15, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; [email protected] 2 Department of Botany, Faculty of Biology, Sofia University “St. Kliment Ohridski”, 8 blvd. Dragan Tsankov, 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria; mstoyneva@uni-sofia.bg * Correspondence: buzunov@uni-sofia.bg Abstract: The review summarizes the available knowledge on toxins and their producers from rather disparate algal assemblages of aeroterrestrial, airborne and other versatile extreme environments (hot springs, deserts, ice, snow, caves, etc.) and on phycotoxins as contaminants of emergent concern in soil and plants. There is a growing body of evidence that algal toxins and their producers occur in all general types of extreme habitats, and cyanobacteria/cyanoprokaryotes dominate in most of them. Altogether, 55 toxigenic algal genera (47 cyanoprokaryotes) were enlisted, and our analysis showed that besides the “standard” toxins, routinely known from different waterbodies (microcystins, nodularins, anatoxins, saxitoxins, cylindrospermopsins, BMAA, etc.), they can produce some specific toxic compounds. Whether the toxic biomolecules are related with the harsh conditions on which algae have to thrive and what is their functional role may be answered by future studies. Therefore, we outline the gaps in knowledge and provide ideas for further research, considering, from one side, Citation: G¨аrtner, G.; the health risk from phycotoxins on the background of the global warming and eutrophication and, ¨а Stoyneva-G rtner, M.; Uzunov, B.
    [Show full text]
  • Boletín Antártico Chileno, Edición Especial
    EL CONTINENTE DONDE EMPIEZA EL FUTURO Índice DIRECTOR Y REPRESENTANTE LEGAL Presentación José Retamales Espinoza 5 Prólogo 7 EDITOR Reiner Canales La relación entre Sudamérica y la Antártica 11 (E-mail: [email protected]) El pasado de la Antártica… ¿una incógnita develada? 13 COMITÉ EDITORIAL Marcelo Leppe Cartes Edgardo Vega Separación de la fauna marina antártica y sudamericana desde una aproximación molecular 21 Marcelo González Elie Poulin, Claudio González-Wevar, Mathias Hüne, Angie Díaz Marcelo Leppe Conexiones geológicas entre Sudamérica y Antártica 27 Francisco Hervé Allamand DIRECCIÓN DE ARTE Pablo Ruiz Teneb Adaptaciones al Medio Antártico y Biorrecursos 33 El interés por esudiar la biodiversidad microbiológica en la Antártica 35 DISEÑO / DIAGRAMACIÓN Jenny M. Blamey Oscar Giordano / Menssage Producciones El capital celular y molecular para vivir a temperaturas bajo cero en aguas antárticas 39 Víctor Bugueño / Menssage Producciones Marcelo González Aravena Las esrategias de las plantas antárticas para sobrevivir en ambientes extremos y su rol como biorrecursos 45 PORTADA Marco A. Molina-Montenegro, Ian S. Acuña-Rodríguez, Jorge Gallardo-Cerda, Rasme Hereme y Crisian Torres-Díaz EL CONTINENTE Arnaldo Gómez / Menssage Producciones DONDE EMPIEZA EL FUTURO Biodiversidad 53 A más de medio siglo IMPRESIÓN de la fundación del Menssage Producciones Las aves marinas de la península Antártica 55 Instituto Antártico Chileno Santiago de Chile Javier A. Arata El desafío de esudiar y comprender la biodiversidad de los mamíferos marinos antárticos 59 Elías Barticevic Cornejo y FOTOGRAFÍA Anelio Aguayo Lobo Óscar Barrientos Bradasic (Eds.) La desconocida vida y diversidad de los invertebrados terresres antárticos 67 Agradecemos a los autores citados en los créditos Daniel González Acuña fotográficos por su aporte en imágenes al regisro Autores Caracterísicas de la fauna que habita los fondos coseros profundos de la Antártica 75 hisórico de la ciencia antártica nacional.
    [Show full text]
  • The Thermal Limits to Life on Earth
    International Journal of Astrobiology 13 (2): 141–154 (2014) doi:10.1017/S1473550413000438 © Cambridge University Press 2014. The online version of this article is published within an Open Access environment subject to the conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution licence http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/. The thermal limits to life on Earth Andrew Clarke1,2 1British Antarctic Survey, Cambridge, UK 2School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK e-mail: [email protected] Abstract: Living organisms on Earth are characterized by three necessary features: a set of internal instructions encoded in DNA (software), a suite of proteins and associated macromolecules providing a boundary and internal structure (hardware), and a flux of energy. In addition, they replicate themselves through reproduction, a process that renders evolutionary change inevitable in a resource-limited world. Temperature has a profound effect on all of these features, and yet life is sufficiently adaptable to be found almost everywhere water is liquid. The thermal limits to survival are well documented for many types of organisms, but the thermal limits to completion of the life cycle are much more difficult to establish, especially for organisms that inhabit thermally variable environments. Current data suggest that the thermal limits to completion of the life cycle differ between the three major domains of life, bacteria, archaea and eukaryotes. At the very highest temperatures only archaea are found with the current high-temperature limit for growth being 122 °C. Bacteria can grow up to 100 °C, but no eukaryote appears to be able to complete its life cycle above *60 °C and most not above 40 °C.
    [Show full text]
  • MICROBIAL LIFE in BLOOD FALLS: an ANCIENT ANTARCTIC ECOSYSTEM. J.A. Mikucki1 and J.C.Priscu1 1 Montana State University, Dept. O
    Second Conference on Early Mars (2004) 8023.pdf MICROBIAL LIFE IN BLOOD FALLS: AN ANCIENT ANTARCTIC ECOSYSTEM. J.A. Mikucki1 and J.C.Priscu1 1 Montana State University, Dept. of Land Resources and Environmental Sciences, Bozeman, MT, USA. email: [email protected] Blood Falls is a unique subglacial discharge at the terminus of Taylor Glacier in the McMurdo Dry Valleys of Antarctica. Ice penetrating radar data and geochemical analyses of Taylor’s subglacial outflow strongly implicate the presence of ancient entrapped marine waters below the glacier [1]. These waters are thought to originate from the Pliocene Epoch (~5Mya) when the dry valleys were fjord-like. Blood Falls (Figure 1), an iron-rich salt cone, accumulates where subglacial flow meets the ice surface at the snout of Taylor Glacier. The episodic release of subglacial water provides a sample of potentially ancient seawater and of the subglacial ecosystem lying beneath Taylor Glacier. Biogeochemical measurements, culture-based techniques, and molecular analysis (based on 16S rDNA sequences), have been used to characterize microbes and chemistry associated with outflow waters. In the absence of direct samples from below Taylor Glacier, these data allow us to infer the composition of this microbial subglacial niche. Iron-reducing Figure 1. Blood Falls, Taylor Glacier, Antarctica. January, 2004. isolates, clone libraries dominated by 16S rDNA sequences with high identity to Thiomicrospira sp., and increased 14C-bicarbonate incorporation in samples amended with reduced sulfur provides evidence for lifestyles that derive energy from iron and sulfur compounds. Based on the prevalence of cold environments in our solar system, the search for extant extraterrestrial life will focus largely on icy habitats.
    [Show full text]
  • Deep Groundwater and Potential Subsurface Habitats Beneath an Antarctic Dry Valley
    University of Tennessee, Knoxville TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange Microbiology Publications and Other Works Microbiology 4-28-2015 Deep groundwater and potential subsurface habitats beneath an Antarctic dry valley Jill A. Mikucki University of Tennessee, Knoxville, [email protected] E. Auken Aarhus University S. Tulaczyk University of California, Santa Cruz, [email protected] R. A. Virginia Dartmouth College C. Schamper Sorbonne Universités See next page for additional authors Follow this and additional works at: https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_micrpubs Part of the Microbiology Commons Recommended Citation Mikucki, J. A., Auken, E., Tulaczyk, S., Virginia, R. A., Schamper, C., Sørensen, K. I., ... & Foley, N. (2015). Deep groundwater and potential subsurface habitats beneath an Antarctic dry valley. Nature communications, 6. Doi: 10.1038/ncomms7831 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Microbiology at TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange. It has been accepted for inclusion in Microbiology Publications and Other Works by an authorized administrator of TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Authors Jill A. Mikucki, E. Auken, S. Tulaczyk, R. A. Virginia, C. Schamper, K. I. Sørensen, P. T. Doran, H. Dugan, and N. Foley This article is available at TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange: https://trace.tennessee.edu/ utk_micrpubs/79 ARTICLE Received 21 May 2014 | Accepted 2 Mar 2015 | Published 28 Apr 2015 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms7831 OPEN Deep groundwater and potential subsurface habitats beneath an Antarctic dry valley J.A. Mikucki1, E. Auken2, S. Tulaczyk3, R.A. Virginia4, C. Schamper5, K.I. Sørensen2, P.T.
    [Show full text]
  • Planktonic Microbial Community Composition Across Steep Physical
    Geobiology (2006), 4, 53–67 PlanktonicBlackwellMicrobialORIGINAL Publishingdiversity ARTICLE in Ltdpermanently ice-covered Lake Bonney microbial community composition across steep physical/chemical gradients in permanently ice-covered Lake Bonney, Antarctica R. E. GLATZ,1 P. W. LEPP,2 B. B. WARD3 AND C. A. FRANCIS1 1Department of Geological and Environmental Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA 2Department of Biology, Minot State University, Minot, ND 58707, USA 3Department of Geosciences, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA ABSTRACT Lake Bonney is a chemically stratified, permanently ice-covered Antarctic lake that is unusual because anoma- lous nutrient concentrations in the east lobe suggest that denitrification occurs in the deep suboxic waters of the west lobe but not the east lobe, resulting in high concentrations of nitrate and nitrite below the east lobe chemocline. Environmental factors that usually control denitrification rates (e.g. organic carbon, nitrate, oxygen) do not appear to explain the nitrate distribution in the east lobe, suggesting that other factors (e.g. trace metals, salts, microbial community structure, etc.) may be involved. In order to explore the potential importance of microbial community composition, samples collected from multiple depths in both lobes were compared on the basis of 16S rRNA gene diversity. 16S rRNA polymerase chain reaction (PCR) clone libraries generated from five depths were subjected to restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP), rarefaction, statistical and phyloge- netic analyses. Bacterial and archaeal 16S rRNA gene sequences were determined for clones corresponding to unique RFLP patterns. The bacterial community below the chemocline (at 25 m) in the east lobe was the least diverse of the five depths analysed and was compositionally distinct from the communities of the overlying waters.
    [Show full text]