Maple Mountain Area: Terrain Study

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Ontario Geological Survey

Northern Ontario Engineering Geology Terrain Study 89

MAPLE MOUNTAIN AREA

(NTS41P/SE) Districts of Nipissing, Sudbury, and Timiskaming

M.A. Roed

1979

Ministry of Ministry of Natural Northern Resources Affairs Ontario Hon. James A.C. Auld Hon. Leo Bernier Minister Minister Dr. J. K. Reynolds Deputy Minister OMNR-OGS1979 Printed in Canada

THIS PROJECT WAS FUNDED BY THE ONTARIO MINISTRY OF NORTHERN AFFAIRS AND IS MANAGED BY THE ONTARIO MINISTRY OF NATURAL RESOURCES

Every possible effort is made to ensure the accuracy of the information contain ed in this report, but the Ministry of Natural Resources does not assume any liability for errors that may occur. Source references are included in the report and users may wish to verify critical information.

Publications of the Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources and price list are available through the Map Unit, Public Service Centre, Room 6404, Whitney Block, Queen©s Park, Toronto, and the Ontario Government Bookstore, 880 Bay Street, Toronto.

Orders for publications should be accompanied by cheque or money order pay able to the Treasurer of Ontario.

ISSN 0709-4671 ISBN 0-7743-4365-6

Parts of this publication may be quoted if credit is given. It is recommended that reference to this report be made in the following form:

Roed, M. A. 1979: Maple Mountain Area (NTS 41P/SE), Districts of Nipissing, Sudbury, and Timiskaming; Ontario Geological Survey, Northern Ontario Engineering Geology Terrain Study 89, 16p. Accompanied by Map 5023, scale 1:100000.

1200-79-HofC CONTENTS

Page 1.0 Introduction...... l 1.1 Terrain Mapping Program ...... 2 1.2 Previous Work...... 2 2.0 Geologic Setting ...... 3 2.1 Bedrock Geology...... 3 2.2 Quaternary Geology...... 3 2.3 Physiography ...... 4 3.0 Engineering Terrain Units ...... 5 3.1 Bedrock...... 5 3.2 Moraine...... 10 3.3 Glaciofluvial...... 12 3.4 Eolian ...... 13 3.5 Organic ...... 13 4.0 References...... 15

TABLE l Summary of terrain unit characteristics and engineering significance ...... 8

FIGURE l Diagrammatic sketches showing typical terrain types and their representative letter symbols ...... 6

MAP (accompanying report)

Map 5023 (coloured) - Northern Ontario Engineering Geology Terrain Study, DataBase Map, Maple Mountain (NTS 41P/SE). Scale l: 100000.

Northern Ontario Engineering Geology Terrain Study 89

MAPLE MOUNTAIN AREA

(NTS41P/SE)

Districts of Nipissing, Sudbury, and Timiskaming

M. A. Roed 1

1.0 INTRODUCTION:

This report contains an inventory of regional engineering terrain condi tions in the Maple Mountain area, Districts of Nipissing, Sudbury, and Timiskaming. It forms part of a series of publications which provide similar terrain data for some 370 000 km2 of northern Ontario.

The area, which covers NTS block 41P/SE, lies between Latitudes 47000©N and 470 30©N and Longitudes 80000©W and 81 000©W. Forestry, tourism, and some mineral exploration are the major economic activities in this sparsely populated area.

Geological Consultant, Geo-analysis Limited, Ottawa, Ontario. Manuscript approved for publication by the Chief, Engineering and Terrain Geology Section, August 28, 1979. This report is published with the permission of E. G. Pye, Director, Ontario Geological Survey. 2

1.1 TERRAIN MAPPING PROGRAM:

The purpose of the mapping is to provide a guide for engineering and resource planning functions at a level of detail consistent with a scale of 1:100,000. The terrain information is contained on the Data Base Map (OGS Map 5023, accompanying this report).

Interpretation of black and white aerial photographs, at a scale of ap proximately 1:50,000, was the primary method of obtaining this terrain data. The interpretation includes information from relevant published literature, and the main roads in the area were traversed during the summer of 1977 to provide spot checks on the photogeologic inter pretation. Thus, the map represents a reconnaissance overview of the engineering conditions of the terrain.

An engineering terrain legend was developed to facilitate the mapping and to provide a common information base for the entire map series. This legend is shown on the accompanying Data Base Map. Further information on the mapping techniques, legend format, and possible uses of this data is available in the "Ontario Engineering Geology Terrain Study Users© Manual" (Gartner, Mollard and Roed, in preparation), a companion publication to this series of maps and reports.

1.2 PREVIOUSWORK:

The surficial deposits have been mapped or considered on a reconnais sance basis by Boissonneau (1965, 1968), Prest (1969, 1970), Prest et al. (1967), the Ontario Land Inventory (1976), Skinner (1969), Dean (1956), and the Canada Land Inventory (1971). Regional bedrock geology has been compiled by Card and Lumbers (1977) and some pre liminary detailed geologic maps are available, for certain parts of the map-area from the Ontario Geological Survey. The mineral potential has been summarized by Springer (1977). An historical account of the exploration and development of the region has been compiled by Cassidy (1976). 2.0 GEOLOGIC SETTING:

In a general sense, terrain in the map-area is composed of two funda mentally different materials: bedrock of Precambrian age and uncon solidated surficial material comprising glacial and nonglacial deposits of Quaternary age. These materials, alone or in combination, constitute the basic landform element of the engineering geology terrain units that are to be described in detail. Brief summaries of the bedrock geology, Quaternary geology, and physiography are given below.

2.1 BEDROCK GEOLOGY:

Bedrock in the Maple Mountain area consists of a wide variety of Pre cambrian sedimentary, metamorphic, and igneous rocks belonging to the Southern Structural Province of the Canadian Shield. By far the most common are rocks of the Late Precambrian Cobalt Group, mainly quartzite and conglomerate. Granitic rocks occupy the southwestern corner of the area and mafic intrusive rocks, particularly gabbro sills and dikes, are common throughout. Prominent faults include the Flor ence Lake Fault, the Wakimika Lake Fault, the Sturgeon River Fault and the Maple Mountain Fault (Card and Lumbers 1977).

In general, mineral potential is low throughout the area, although there is medium potential for base metals in the southern part and for silver- cobalt at two localities along the northern boundary (Springer 1977).

2.2 QUATERNARY GEOLOGY:

Quaternary surficial deposits of glacial and nonglacial origin occur throughout the area. Glacial deposits consist of sandy bouldery till in ground moraine and hummocky moraine, glaciofluvial sand and gravel in eskers, kames, outwash plains, and deltas, and glaciolacustrine clay. Nonglacial deposits include eolian sand, alluvial sand and silt, colluvium, and organic deposits of peat.

Northern Ontario was glaciated by continental ice sheets at least four times during the Pleistocene. However, only the deposits of the last glaciation, the Laurentide of Wisconsinan age, are preserved in the Maple Mountain area. The Keewatin lobe of the Laurentide ice sheet advanced southward into the area approximately 100 000 years ago at the beginning of the Wisconsinan (Prest 1970). It ground its way across the rugged Precam brian terrain, deepening pre-existing valleys and disrupting normal drainage. After having advanced as far south as Minnesota, the glacial front had receded to the Maple Mountain area by Late Wisconsinan time (approximately 11 000 years ago). It may have disappeared com pletely from the area and then readvanced to the position presently marked by the Sultan Scarp (Roed 1979) to the west, or it may have formed at the Sultan Scarp during a halt in its recession. In either event, the Sultan Scarp in the Gogama and Westree areas, the hummocky mor aine north of Lady Evelyn Lake in the northeast corner of this map- area, and some esker and deltaic complexes in the northern part of this area represent a major stillstand of this ice sheet. The Eagle River-Lake Temagami drainage was apparently a major meltwater route which is presently marked by extensive esker and outwash deposits.

By approximately 9 500 years ago, the glacier had disappeared perman ently from the map-area. Further north Lake Barlow joined with Lake Ojibway to form Lake Barlow-Ojibway.

Some post-glacial uplift in the area has resulted in the incision of the Lady Evelyn River and some creeks. Extensive sand dunes formed in certain areas and organic deposits accumulated in depressions. Apart from these events, the land surface has been little modified since the disappearance of the ice sheet.

2.3 PHYSIOGRAPHY:

The Maple Mountain area is dominated by a rugged, dissected upland of the Cobalt Plain (Bostock 1970) physiographic division. The central part of the area contains several prominent mountains, including Maple Moun tain (elevation 671 m) and Ishpatina Ridge (elevation 701 m, the highest point in Ontario). Large lakes characterize the eastern part of the area and some sever as hydroelectric reservoirs (e.g. Lady Evelyn Lake).

Rock scarps are prominent features of the landscape; the best known is that which borders Devil Mountain on the eastern shore of Lake Tema gami. Steep-sided gullies are common and the deeply incised canyon-like rock channel of Lady Evelyn River is a well-known and spectacular white-water river valley. The most unique physiographic features, how ever, are the finger-like clusters of sand dunes that have been flooded but still protrude above the waters of Lady Evelyn Lake at Obashing- wakoba Narrows and Obawanga Narrows. These dunes were formed long before the water in this lake was raised 10 m or more as a result of hydroelectric development. Wave erosion is rapidly destroying these landforms.

3.0 ENGINEERING TERRAIN UNITS:

Engineering terrain units are composed of a combination of various materials (unconsolidated and/or bedrock) which form recognizeable landforms with certain engineering characteristics. Major terrain unit groups, and the engineering significance of each, are discussed in detail. These include bedrock terrain (RN), moraine (MG,MH) and glacio fluvial outwash (GO) and esker (GE). Less significant terrain units include eolian deposits (ED) and organic terrain (OT). Diagrammatic sketches of typical terrain settings are given in Figure l. Table l summar izes the composition, topography, and drainage of all major terrain units and rates each unit in terms of important soil characteristics ac cording to engineering criteria and in terms of suitability for principal engineering uses.

3.1 BEDROCK:

Examples:

RN(tMG) RN(tMG) RN(tMG) Mju-D Hjn-D Hju-D

Bedrock terrain, mantled in places by a thin veneer of ground moraine (MG), is the dominant landform and covers more than half of the map- area. Relief varies from high (H) to low (L) and the topography is jagged (j) and undulating (u) to knobby (n). Drainage is good (D) and the land surface is dry except in organic depressions (OT).

oU — /(io — ts"to Y^~Z~l /-t- p i s?i s/.©- r 4 Q Q) O C * H- "" N/ /©li ISS a li-1 p- ,/T * < ago oo*™*, |f0 . l CO ? ^ C J S\sJ l . l l LU (2 Q J 't' L * * * ^ "* \ 7 4- Q.

DC GC wi-mwjij LU l mmmA)/-A*, 11 i q WM&©ff.) V /^ ©. +1 ^i-l cc a sc —————fflgpa M' r,flp'fl/ff rjiM/ //' - ' ^ 4 ' i ^ -t 25' k.'Jfl 'i a f f i/, n -4 f 0 r^1©l ©Y sill © 4 -i ^

LI?_mm^ ™ 111 5 vT/'ja *b\ h^/ 4 4 4 ^ 4 D cc c VfV,fii;xAM- y f ^-t 4 LU -1 •S WWSfe'liV/ ^U^7 f f^ ^ i f 5i^—fei'V^i^* ^ PWW;r J11s; 1fl lO J fflw^;^^fKLS. f^./f ^(.g + ©-H4! m* t f a 4 +I

4-1 UK i ?; 'jg^K ' - IMr * i ^T © i -t 4 Ji*^'.';^:;- S Y J ©il 1^131 -l- ^ i -1 ©ii iigX V ^ 1^ MjpVk, illL IBM*©l 4 s^^©i i -l- ^© tt c rTTnl^ ,J -f- lf^, i f^ 4, *^ 4ii LU GC , SII ^;^4 4 4 f i 41 D -•o w z IS 'N^V 4 , 1 ^ , 4 O cc3 Dc cco c^ i * ^\\-t-A^ -r f -f "H ^ 4 -fi, r_l -t ^ TABLE 1 SUMMARY OF TERRAIN UNIT CHARACTERISTICS AND ENGINEERING SIGNIFICANCE.

MaterialConstruction Workabilityas Compressibility Topography Permeability Compaction Principal Materials Drainage C "S O* S ©S 1S Ssi 3 "*s H D CO W OQ ^ Rock irregular not applicable excellent not applicable Terrain (R) rock dry medium (fracture) excellent not applicable Hummocky till, sand hummocky good good good Moraine (MH) boulders dry medium good low Ground till, sand knobby good good good Moraine (MG) boulders dry medium good low Eskers (GE) sand kettled 4 ridged excellent excellent excellent Kame (GK) gravel dry high excellent low Outwash (GO) sand, hummocky-planar excellent excellent excellent Delta (GD) gravel dry high excellent low Glaciolacustrine clay, silt planar poor fair poor Plain (LP) fine sand dry low fair high Glaciolacustrine planar good good good Beach (LB) sand dry high good low Alluvium (AP) sand, silt channelled fair good fair clay mixed medium poor medium Eolian (ED) ridged, hummocky fair good good sand dry high good low Colluvium sloped poor poor poor Soil (CW.CS) clay, silt mixed low poor high Colluvium sloped poor good poor Talus (CT) rubble 3ry high poor low Organic (OT) planar poor poor poor peat wet medium poor high Notes: 1. The rating above or below the bar refers to the characteristic or use above or below the bar, respectively, in the column heading. 2. Permeability, compressibility, and frost susceptibility are rated as low, medium, or high; all other characteristics and uses are rated as poor, fair, good, or excellent. DomesticGroundwaterPotential GroundwaterLargeSupplies SepticTankSuitability FrostSusceptibility SolidLandfillWaste AggregateSupply HighwaySubgrade HydroEasements SlopeStability RouteLocation PipelineRoutes Foundations

good (some talus) not apjplicable poor fair poor good not applicable excellent fair poor poor poor good fair good good excellent excellent low good good good excellent good good fair good fair excellent good low good good fair good fair excellent excellent excellent good poor excellent low excellent excellent good poor excellent excellent excellent excellent excellent poor excellent low excellent excellent excellent poor excellent poor poor poor good fair fair EigF rair good good fair poor excellent good good good poor good low good good good poor poor fair poor poor poor poor good medium poor poor poor poor fair good poor fair good fair good low good good good poor fair poor poor poor poor poor fair high poor poor poor poor poor good poor poor poor poor poor low poor poor poor poor poor poor poor poor poor poor poor high poor poor poor poor poor 3. This is a generalized table intended for use in a number of reports; therefore, all terrain units dealt with in the table will not necessarily appear in each report. 10

The rocky upland in the central portion of the map-area is the dominant terrain unit. This upland is underlain by sedimentary rocks of the Cobalt Series which have been uplifted and deeply dissected. Numerous gullies, canyons, and rock scarps characterize this terrain.

The principal engineering significance of bedrock terrain is that it is difficult and expensive to excavate. In terms of access routes, numerous bridges or stream crossings may be required in the rugged terrain of the Maple Mountain area. On the other hand, bedrock terrain provides ex cellent foundation conditions in areas that are unaffected by faults and weak clay zones around joints and faults, and where fracture or joint density is low. The unit possesses potential for aggregate obtained in rock quarry operations; for rip-rap in talus piles at the base of scarps; and for sand and gravel in scattered glaciofluvial deposits and occasion ally in the thin sandy bouldery till mantle.

Groundwater potential is generally poor in Precambrian bedrock terrain, but sufficient for scattered domestic demand. However, considerable groundwater production can be expected in fractured localities or along the fault zones. Bedrock terrain is unsuitable for placement of septic drain tile fields except where a thick layer (at least 1.5 m) of soil material is present.

3.2 MORAINE:

Examples:

tMG7RN(RN) tMG(RN) tMG7RN(RN) Mu-D Mj-D Lpu-D

tMG(RN) tMG/RP tMH(RN) tMH(pOT) Mj-D Lwp-D Mn-D Mn-D(W)

Morainal landforms in this map-area are either ground moraine (MG) or hummocky moraine (MH). Ground moraine consists mainly of sandy bouldery till, usually 3 to 5 m in thickness, and has local relief of 2 to 4 m. Hummocky moraine is also composed of sandy bouldery till, as much as 50 m in thickness, but relief is commonly in the order of 10 to 20 m; the unit is characterized by knobs, kettles, kettle lakes, and irregular groupings of hills. Gradations from ground moraine to hum mocky moraine occur so that contacts on the maps are approximate. 11 Ground moraine (GM), composed of stoney till (t), occurs in restricted localities north of Red Squirrel Lake and around Wolfskin Lake, on the eastern and northern boundaries, respectively, of the map-area. Rock knobs (RN) occur throughout the unit. Relief varies from low (L) to moderate (M), and topography may be hilly (h) or rugged (j) where there is considerable outcrop. Ground moraine is well drained but may contain numerous wet depressions of local extent. Many patches of ground moraine occur as a subordinate landform in other terrain units.

Hummocky moraine (MH) occurs near Lady Evelyn Lake in the north east corner of the map-area and in several belts, such as the one in Haentschel and Selkirk Townships in the western part of the area. Sandy bouldery till (t), ranging from 5 to 30 m in thickness, is the principal material in this unit, but stratified sand (s) and gravel (g), pockets of silt (m) and sand, and local concentrations of large boulders (b) also occur locally. Eskers, kames, rock knobs, and occasionally eolian sand are associated with hummocky moraine. Depressions in the unit contain organic material (pOT). Topography is irregular and knobby or hilly (n) with some kettle lakes. Local relief is commonly in the order of 10 to 20 m. This terrain is well-drained (D), but depres sions are often wet (W).

Numerous large boulders, patches of poorly drained ground, and the possibility of near-surface bedrock are the principal engineering dif ficulties that may be encountered in the ground moraine unit. Generally, however, ground moraine poses few serious construction problems and is superior to rock terrain for route construction because grades are lower and the necessity for rock blasting is less probable. Good granular materi al may be scarce, but the till itself is amenable to beneficiation in some localities. Groundwater potential in the till is generally fair, especially at the contact between bedrock and a till layer of adequate thickness. Also, where the till is greater than l .5 m in thickness, ground moraine is con sidered to be one of the best landforms for attenuation of leachate from septic drain tile fields.

The engineering significance of hummocky moraine is substantial. The texture of the till makes the unit ideal for use in the large earth embank ments required for dams and roads. Also, the chance of finding a sizeable source of granular material within hummocky terrain is good. Although conventional construction techniques can normally be used throughout, 12 the irregular relief of the unit is far from ideal for route location and the possibility of bedrock outcrops exists. Also, due to the inherent heterogeneous composition of hummocky moraine, sporadic pockets of silt, loose sand, and clay can be expected. Some localities may have an abundance of very large boulders. The till in hummocky moraine is probably the best material in the map-area for attenuation of leachate from municipal landfills and septic drain tile fields. Groundwater poten tial is excellent, and springs are common at the base of large morainal, hills especially during wet periods of the year.

3.3 GLACIOFLUVIAL:

Examples:

sgGO sgGE sgGO(pOT)(RN) sgGO Lp-D Lkn-D Lp-M Lp-Dh

Glaciofluvial outwash deposits (GO), composed of sand (s) or gravelly sand (sg), occur as extensive linear plains (p) or terraces (t) adjacent to major river and lake valleys and in scattered localities throughout the map-area. A major esker deposit (GE), located along the eastern boun dary of the area, is composed of kettled (k) sand and gravel. Also, major eskers that may be partially buried occur along the northwestern boun dary of the area. The eskers here are associated with a major glacial still stand represented by the Sultan Scarp (Roed 1979) to the west. Rock knobs (RN) occur in association with many of the glaciofluvial deposits. Glaciofluvial terrain is generally dry, but some deposits have a high water table (Dh) and depressions are periodically wet (M).

Glaciofluvial terrain is the best source of sand and gravel aggregate in the map-area. Potential reserves appear large. This terrain also offers excellent foundation conditions for construction of access roads and buildings, although the steep topography associated with the kames and eskers can cause problems. Subsurface sand and gravel deposits provide one of the best aquifers in the area for very large supplies of good quality water, but are not suitable for waste disposal due to their poor attenua tion capacity. The potential for pollution in glaciofluvial terrain is high. 13

3.4 EOLIAN:

Examples:

sED sED(pQT)(sAP) Lp-D Lp-M

Eolian deposits (ED), consisting of sand (s) in dunes and sheets or blankets, occur on the north shore of Lady Evelyn Lake in the north east corner of the area and along the Sturgeon River in the western part of the area. The dunes along the shores and in the middle of Lady Evelyn Lake are of particular interest. They are eroded and flooded portions of parabolic dunes that were derived, early in post-glacial time, from outwash deposits presumably contained in the belt of hum mocky moraine (MH) to the north. The eolian sand along the Montreal River occurs in association with alluvium (AP) and organic terrain (OT). Relief is low (L) and topography ranges from ridged (r), as in the case of well formed dunes, to planar (p). Most eolian terrain is dry, but may have a high water table (Dh); depressions are periodically wet (W).

Eolian landforms are susceptible to gully and wave erosion. When the vegetation is removed, wind erosion can also occur. This terrain unit has no particular engineering significance in this map-area, but it has good groundwater potential for shallow driven well points. It is un suitable for waste disposal and pollution potential is high.

3.5 ORGANIC:

Examples:

pOT pOT Lp-M Lp-W

Organic terrain (OT) composed of peat (p) is widespread in small patches throughout the map-area. A few large bogs occur, such as those along the Sturgeon River and north of Lady Evelyn Lake, in the northwest and northeast comers of the area, respectively. Most of those shown are located along seepage paths or poorly developed streams. The unit is flat (p) with low relief (L) and either wet throughout the year (W) or periodically (M). 14 Organic terrain provides the worst foundation conditions for engineer ing structures and roads. The unit is very compressible, has low shear strength, and is water-saturated most of the time. It is commonly classified as hazard land for planning purposes. Groundwater quality is very poor and the unit is unsuitable for the location of septic drain tile fields. 15

4.0 REFERENCES:

Boissonneau, A. N. 1965: Surficial Geology, Algoma, Sudbury, Timiskaming and Nipis sing, Ontario Department of Lands and Forests, Map S465, scale 1:506 880 or l inch to 8 miles. Surficial geology 1962, 1963. 1968: Glacial History of Northeastern Ontario II. The Timiskaming- Algoma Area; Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, Vol.5, No.l.p.97-109.

Bostock, H. S. 1970: Physiographic Subdivisions of Canada; p.9-30 in Geology and Economic Minerals of Canada, edited by R. J. W. Douglas, Geological Survey of Canada, Economic Geology Report No.l, 5th edition, 838p.

Canada Land Inventory 1971: Soil Capability for Agriculture; Canada Department of Re gional Economic Expansion, Catalogue No. RE64/2-41P, scale 1:250000.

Card, K. D. and Lumbers, S. B. 1977: Sudbury-Cobalt, Algoma, Manitoulin, Nipissing, Parry Sound, Sudbury and Timiskaming Districts; Ontario Geological Sur vey, Map 2361, Geological Compilation Series, scale 1:253 440 or l inch to 4 miles. Geological compilation 1974, 1975.

Cassidy, G. L. 1976: Arrow North-The Story of Timiskaming; Highway Book Shop, Cobalt, 398p.

Dean, W. G. 1956: Glacial Features of the Hearst-Cochrane Map-Sheet Area, An Aerial Photograph Reconnaissance; The Canadian Geographer, No.8,p.35-45.

Gartner, John F., Mollard, J. D., and Roed, M. A. in preparation: Ontario Engineering Geology Terrain Study Users© Manual; Ontario Geological Survey, Northern Ontario En gineering Geology Terrain Study l. 16 Ontario Land Inventory 1976: Land Classification, Gogama, 41P, Edition 2 MCE, Series A501; Ontario Centre for Remote Sensing, Ministry of Natural Resources.

Prest, V. K. 1969: Retreat of Wisconsin and Recent Ice in North America; Geological Survey of Canada, Map 1257A, scale 1:5 000 000. Compiled 1969. 1970: Quaternary Geology of Canada; p.675-764 in Geology and Economic Minerals of Canada, edited by R. J. W. Douglas, Geological Survey of Canada, Economic Geology Report No.l, 5th edition, 838p.

Prest, V. K., Grant, D. R. and Rampton, V. N. 1967: Glacial Map of Canada; Geological Survey of Canada, Map 1253A, scale 1:5 000 000. Compilation 1964-1966.

Roed, M. A. 1979: Elk Lake Area (NTS 41P/NE), District of Timiskaming; Ontario Geological Survey, Northern Ontario Engineering Geology Terrain Study 83, 18p. Accompanied by Map 5020, scale 1:100000.

Skinner, R. G. 1969: A Summary of the Quaternary Stratigraphy of Northern Ontario, Canada; unpublished manuscript, University of Washington, Seattle, 12p.

Springer, Janet 1977: Ontario Mineral Potential, Gogama Sheet and part of Ville- Marie Sheet, Districts of Sudbury and Timiskaming; Ontario Geological Survey, Preliminary Map P.1514, Mineral Deposits Series, scale 1:250 000. Compilation 1976, 1977. Ontario Geological Survey

Northern Ontario Engineering Geology Terrain Study 89

MAPLE MOUNTAIN AREA

(NTS41P/SE) Districts of Nipissing, Sudbury, and Timiskaming

M.A. Roed

1979

Ministry of Ministry of Natural Northern Resources Affairs Ontario Hon. James A.C. Auld Hon. Leo Bernier Minister Minister Dr. J. K. Reynolds Deputy Minister OMNR-OGS1979 Printed in Canada

THIS PROJECT WAS FUNDED BY THE ONTARIO MINISTRY OF NORTHERN AFFAIRS AND IS MANAGED BY THE ONTARIO MINISTRY OF NATURAL RESOURCES

Orders for publications should be accompanied by cheque or money order pay able to the Treasurer of Ontario.

ISSN 0709-4671 ISBN 0-7743-4365-6

Parts of this publication may be quoted if credit is given. It is recommended that reference to this report be made in the following form:

1200-79-HofC CONTENTS

TABLE l Summary of terrain unit characteristics and engineering significance ...... 8

FIGURE l Diagrammatic sketches showing typical terrain types and their representative letter symbols ...... 6

MAP (accompanying report)

Map 5023 (coloured) - Northern Ontario Engineering Geology Terrain Study, DataBase Map, Maple Mountain (NTS 41P/SE). Scale l: 100000.

Northern Ontario Engineering Geology Terrain Study 89

MAPLE MOUNTAIN AREA

(NTS41P/SE)

Districts of Nipissing, Sudbury, and Timiskaming

M. A. Roed 1

1.0 INTRODUCTION:

1.1 TERRAIN MAPPING PROGRAM:

1.2 PREVIOUSWORK:

2.1 BEDROCK GEOLOGY:

2.2 QUATERNARY GEOLOGY:

By approximately 9 500 years ago, the glacier had disappeared perman ently from the map-area. Further north Lake Barlow joined with Lake Ojibway to form Lake Barlow-Ojibway.

2.3 PHYSIOGRAPHY:

3.0 ENGINEERING TERRAIN UNITS:

3.1 BEDROCK:

Examples:

RN(tMG) RN(tMG) RN(tMG) Mju-D Hjn-D Hju-D

oU — /(io — ts"to Y^~Z~l /-t- p i s?i s/.©- r 4 Q Q) O C * H- "" N/ /©li ISS a li-1 p- ,/T * < ago oo*™*, |f0 . l CO ? ^ C J S\sJ l . l l LU (2 Q J 't' L * * * ^ "* \ 7 4- Q.

DC GC wi-mwjij LU l mmmA)/-A*, 11 i q WM&©ff.) V /^ ©. +1 ^i-l cc a sc —————fflgpa M' r,flp'fl/ff rjiM/ //' - ' ^ 4 ' i ^ -t 25' k.'Jfl 'i a f f i/, n -4 f 0 r^1©l ©Y sill © 4 -i ^

LI?_mm^ ™ 111 5 vT/'ja *b\ h^/ 4 4 4 ^ 4 D cc c VfV,fii;xAM- y f ^-t 4 LU -1 •S WWSfe'liV/ ^U^7 f f^ ^ i f 5i^—fei'V^i^* ^ PWW;r J11s; 1fl lO J fflw^;^^fKLS. f^./f ^(.g + ©-H4! m* t f a 4 +I

3.2 MORAINE:

Examples:

tMG7RN(RN) tMG(RN) tMG7RN(RN) Mu-D Mj-D Lpu-D

tMG(RN) tMG/RP tMH(RN) tMH(pOT) Mj-D Lwp-D Mn-D Mn-D(W)

3.3 GLACIOFLUVIAL:

Examples:

sgGO sgGE sgGO(pOT)(RN) sgGO Lp-D Lkn-D Lp-M Lp-Dh

3.4 EOLIAN:

Examples:

sED sED(pQT)(sAP) Lp-D Lp-M

3.5 ORGANIC:

Examples:

pOT pOT Lp-M Lp-W

4.0 REFERENCES:

Canada Land Inventory 1971: Soil Capability for Agriculture; Canada Department of Re gional Economic Expansion, Catalogue No. RE64/2-41P, scale 1:250000.

Cassidy, G. L. 1976: Arrow North-The Story of Timiskaming; Highway Book Shop, Cobalt, 398p.

Dean, W. G. 1956: Glacial Features of the Hearst-Cochrane Map-Sheet Area, An Aerial Photograph Reconnaissance; The Canadian Geographer, No.8,p.35-45.

Prest, V. K., Grant, D. R. and Rampton, V. N. 1967: Glacial Map of Canada; Geological Survey of Canada, Map 1253A, scale 1:5 000 000. Compilation 1964-1966.

Roed, M. A. 1979: Elk Lake Area (NTS 41P/NE), District of Timiskaming; Ontario Geological Survey, Northern Ontario Engineering Geology Terrain Study 83, 18p. Accompanied by Map 5020, scale 1:100000.

Skinner, R. G. 1969: A Summary of the Quaternary Stratigraphy of Northern Ontario, Canada; unpublished manuscript, University of Washington, Seattle, 12p.

Ontario Geological Survey Map 5023 Northern Ontario Engineering Geology Terrain Study 1 Data Base Map MAPLE MOUNTAIN /S Goldie. rj RN(tMG) , NTS 41 P7SE 79-CO© 83'00' 82'DO' 81W SOW REWSTES

W, L RN (tMG' Hiu-D

sED/sGO (pOT)

BARK LAKE GOGAMA

, RTJJtMG) 82 W 81'00' 80'00' 79-00' . JMJ-D 33 W INDEX TO ADJOINING SHEETS 1:100000 024

One centimetre represents nnn kilometre

ENGINEERING TERRAIN LEGEND

The legend comprises four main components arranged as follows:

Mn-D (W) (DI MATERIAL LANDFORM v V , -Macpherson" \ TOPOGRAPHY DRAINAGE

Examples: dominant landform sED/sGOtpOT) Lp-PIM) DISTRICT

material - subordinate landform

-tMG(RN)- Mu(Hj)-D- -drainage

relief of subordinate landform

loca 1 1 topographic variety of dominant landform relief ^slash indicates a veneer of one landform overlying a pOT/^GO second landform Lp-W

LETTER SYMBOLS Willow PAIEKEK MATERIAL Island ^ b boulders, bouldery r rubble c clay, clayey s sand,sandy ,J\Lake g gravel, gravelly m silt, silty \ p peat, muck t till LANDFORMS ALLUVIAL MORAINAL AP Alluvial plain ME End moraine MG Ground moraine COLLUVIAL MH Hummocky moraine CS Slope failure CT Talus pile GD Ice contact delta, esker CW Slopewash and debris delta, kame delta, delta creep sheet; minor talus moraine EOLIAN GE Esker, esker complex, cre vasse filling ED Sand dunes GK Kame, kame field, kame terrace, kame moraine GO Outwash plain, valley ORGANIC train OT Organ i c terra in GLACIOLACUSTRINE

LB Raised (abandoned) beach BEDROCK ridge LD Glaciolacustrine delta RL Bedrock plateau LP Glaciolacustrine plain RN Bedrock knob RP Bedrock plain RR Bedrock ridge /R Bedrock below a drift veneer TOPOGRAPHY LO CAL RELIEF H Mainly high local relief M Mainly moderate local re lief L Mainly low local relief VARIETY ? c channeled p plain Beaver( c d dissected, grilled r ridged Island l \ : j jagged, rugged, cliffed s sloping j" cliffy volcanic rock signa t terraced ture u undulating to rolling k keitled, pitted w washed, reworked n knobby, hummocky DRAINAGE SURFACE CONDITION W Wet h Suspected high water table D Dry M Mixed wet and dry GRAPHIC SYMBOLS Major end moraine (symbol located over ridge crest if Small landslide scar present) Well expressed dmmlins and Sand or gravel pit drumlinoid ridges Quarry or mine workings evi All other linear ice-flow fea dent from airphotos or field tures observation (crossed picks are Esker ridge (continuous, dis shown in the area of open continuous; the symbol does excavation) not indicate direction of flow) Other man-made features Abandoned shoreline (contin (rock dumps, tailings, la uous, discontinuous) goons, landfills, etc.: type of Local dune area (type and lo feature mentioned where cation of individual dunes not identifiable) l RN ItMG) (POT/ indicated) Steep-walled valleys, often Abandoned river channel. bedrock-controlled features Spillway, or ice marginal (continuous, discontinuous) channels Talus (defined, inferred; base . . Granny A © of talus triangle indicates ^ rpment downslope side of escarp ment) Line joining the same terrain units

NOTE 1 This map is intended to be an inventory of regional engineering terrain conditions. Its purpose is to provide a guide for engineering and resource planning functions. The boundaries of the terrain units shown on the map are approximate only, consistent with a 1:100.000 scale. Site specific investigations are required in order to obtain detailed information for a particular area. The map user should refer to the accompanying report for s fuller description of terrain in the study area.

NOTE 2: Colour is used to enhance what IE considered to he the dominant engineering condition in simple, complex or layered terrain units, NOTE 3 'WitMGHpOT) Not all letter and graphic symbols shown in the legend necessarily appear on this map Lp-D (W)' ^/Barron 3 ee ' Information from this publication may be quoted if appropriate credit is given. V/L Reference to this map is recommended as follows: Roed, M. A. and Hallett, D. R. Engineering Geology Terrain Evaluation By M A. Roed 1979 Northern Ontario Engineering Geology Terrain Study, and D. R. Hallett, GEO-ANALYSIS LIMITED, OTTAWA, ONT. 1977. 81W 50' Data Ease Map, Maple Mountain. Published 1 979. BHSR map derived from 1 inch to 2 miles Provincial Series, Surveys and Mapping Branch, Ministry of Natural Resources Ontario Geological Survey, Map 5023, Scale 1 ;100 000 THIS PROJECT WAS FUNDED BY THE ONTARIO MINISTRY OF NORTHERN AFFAIRS.