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AR TICLE Additions to the Mycosphaerella Complex

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AR TICLE Additions to the Mycosphaerella Complex GRLLPDIXQJXV IMA FUNGUS · VOLUME 2 · NO 1: 49–64 Additions to the Mycosphaerella complex ARTICLE 3HGUR:&URXV1.D]XDNL7DQDND%UHWW$6XPPHUHOODQG-RKDQQHV=*URHQHZDOG1 1&%6.1$:)XQJDO%LRGLYHUVLW\&HQWUH8SSVDODODDQ&78WUHFKW7KH1HWKHUODQGVFRUUHVSRQGLQJDXWKRUHPDLOSFURXV#FEVNQDZQO )DFXOW\RI$JULFXOWXUH /LIH6FLHQFHV+LURVDNL8QLYHUVLW\%XQN\RFKR+LURVDNL$RPRUL-DSDQ 5R\DO%RWDQLF*DUGHQVDQG'RPDLQ7UXVW0UV0DFTXDULHV5RDG6\GQH\16:$XVWUDOLD Abstract: Species in the present study were compared based on their morphology, growth characteristics in culture, Key words: DQG '1$ VHTXHQFHV RI WKH QXFOHDU ULERVRPDO 51$ JHQH RSHURQ LQFOXGLQJ ,76 ,76 6 QU'1$ DQG WKH ¿UVW Anthracostroma ESRIWKH6QU'1$ IRUDOOVSHFLHVDQGSDUWLDODFWLQDQGWUDQVODWLRQHORQJDWLRQIDFWRUDOSKDJHQHVHTXHQFHV Camarosporula for Cladosporium VSHFLHV 1HZ VSHFLHV RI Mycosphaerella Mycosphaerellaceae LQWURGXFHG LQ WKLV VWXG\ LQFOXGH Cladosporium M. cerastiicola RQCerastium semidecandrum7KH1HWKHUODQGV DQGM. etlingerae RQEtlingera elatior+DZDLL Mycosphaerella Mycosphaerella holualoana is newly reported on Hedychium coronarium +DZDLL (SLW\SHVDUHDOVRGHVLJQDWHGIRU phylogeny Hendersonia persooniae, the basionym of Camarosporula persooniae, and for Sphaerella agapanthi, the basionym Sphaerulina of Teratosphaeria agapanthi FRPE QRY Teratosphaeriaceae RQ Agapathus umbellatus IURP 6RXWK $IULFD 7KH taxonomy latter pathogen is also newly recorded from A. umbellatusLQ(XURSH 3RUWXJDO )XUWKHUPRUHWZRVH[XDOVSHFLHVRI Teratosphaeria Cladosporium Davidiellaceae DUHGHVFULEHGQDPHO\C. grevilleae RQGrevilleaVS$XVWUDOLD DQGC. silenes RQ Silene maritima8. )LQDOO\WKHSK\ORJHQHWLFSRVLWLRQRIWZRJHQHUDDUHQHZO\FRQ¿UPHGQDPHO\Camarosporula EDVHGRQC. persooniae, teleomorph Anthracostroma persooniae ZKLFKLVDOHDISDWKRJHQRIPersooniaVSSLQ Australia, belongs to the Teratosphaeriaceae, and Sphaerulina EDVHGRQS. myriadea ZKLFKRFFXUVRQOHDYHVRI Fagaceae Carpinus, Castanopsis, Fagus, Quercus DQGEHORQJVWRWKHMycosphaerellaceae Article info:6XEPLWWHG$SULO$FFHSWHG$SULO3XEOLVKHG0D\ INTRODUCTION RUEOHPLVKHVVSRWVDQGVSHFNV %DW]HUet al One of the largest barriers to understanding host The genus Mycosphaerella has in the past been recognised VSHFL¿FLW\ DQG VSHFLDWLRQ LQ WKLV JURXS RI RUJDQLVPV KDV as one of the largest genera of ascomycetes, containing been the relative unavailability of authentic cultures, as most DSSUR[ VSHFLHV $SWURRW DV ZHOO DV VHYHUDO of the species known to date, have been described without WKRXVDQGDVH[XDOVSHFLHV &URXVet al. EF WKHGHSRVLWRIDVVRFLDWHGH[W\SHFXOWXUHVRU'1$7KHUHVXOW E&URXV %UDXQ $OWKRXJKMycosphaerella is that the ecological behaviour of many species remains KDVEHHQOLQNHGWRPDQ\GLIIHUHQWDQDPRUSKJHQHUD &URXV REVFXUH &URXV *URHQHZDOG ZKLOHWKHSK\ORJHQHWLF %UDXQ&URXVet al UHFHQWSK\ORJHQHWLFVWXGLHV position of many other pathogens and genera remains have shown that Mycosphaerella is actually polyphyletic XQFHUWDLQ 'XULQJ WKH FRXUVH RI WKH SUHVHQW VWXG\ VHYHUDO &URXVet al.D ZLWKPHPEHUVEHORQJLQJWRPDQ\ potentially novel Mycosphaerella and Mycosphaerella-like different genera, and even families, such as the Davidiellaceae species were collected, while potential epitype specimens %UDXQet al.6FKRFKet al Teratosphaeriaceae ZHUH DOVR FROOHFWHG IRU ROGHU ZHOOHVWDEOLVKHG QDPHV 7KH &URXV et al. Dissoconiaceae &URXV et al. E aim of this study was thus to describe these species, and Mycosphaerellaceae and Schizothyriaceae $SWURRW also elucidate the phylogenetic relationship of genera such %DW]HUet al.&URXV as Camarosporula WHOHRPRUSK Anthracostroma DQG Members of the Mycosphaerella-complex are ecologically Sphaerulina within the Capnodiales highly adaptable, and vary from being saprobic to fungicolous &URXV Mycosphaerella species are also among the most common and destructive plant pathogens known, MATERIALS AND METHODS causing serious diseases on many economically important FURSV )DUUet al&URXV %UDXQ 6SHFLHVDUH Isolates mainly foliicolous, although some are associated with stem /HDI DQG VWHP WLVVXH EHDULQJ DVFRPDWD ZHUH VRDNHG LQ FDQNHUV &RUWLQDVet al IUXLWOHVLRQV 3UHWRULXVet al ZDWHU IRU DSSUR[LPDWHO\ K DIWHU ZKLFK WKH\ ZHUH SODFHG © 2011 International Mycological Association You are free to share - to copy, distribute and transmit the work, under the following conditions: Attribution: <RXPXVWDWWULEXWHWKHZRUNLQWKHPDQQHUVSHFL¿HGE\WKHDXWKRURUOLFHQVRU EXWQRWLQDQ\ZD\WKDWVXJJHVWVWKDWWKH\HQGRUVH\RXRU\RXUXVHRIWKHZRUN Non-commercial: <RXPD\QRWXVHWKLVZRUNIRUFRPPHUFLDOSXUSRVHV No derivative works: <RXPD\QRWDOWHUWUDQVIRUPRUEXLOGXSRQWKLVZRUN For any reuse or distribution, you must make clear to others the license terms of this work, which can be found at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/legalcode. Any of the above conditions can be waived if you get permission from the copyright holder. Nothing in this license impairs or restricts the author’s moral rights. VOLUME 2 · NO. 1 49 50 ARTICLE Table 1. &ROOHFWLRQGHWDLOVDQG*HQ%DQNDFFHVVLRQQXPEHUVRILVRODWHVIRUZKLFKQRYHOVHTXHQFHVZHUHJHQHUDWHGLQWKLVVWXG\ Species Strain no.1 Substrate Country Collector(s) GenBank Accession number (ITS, LSU, TEF, ACT)2 Camarosporula persooniae &%6 &3& /HDIVSRWVRQPersoonia VS Australia 3:&URXV %$6XPPHUHOO -)-)²² &%6 &3& /HDIVSRWVRQPersoonia VS Australia 3:&URXV %$6XPPHUHOO -)-)²² &%6 &3& /HDIVSRWVRQPersoonia VS Australia 3:&URXV %$6XPPHUHOO -)-)²² Cladosporium grevilleae &%6 &3& /HDYHVRIGrevilleaVS Australia 3:&URXV %$6XPPHUHOO -)-)-)-) Cladosporium silenes &%6 Stems of exposed Silene maritima 8. $$SWURRW ()-)()() Mycosphaerella cerastiicola &%6 &3& Dead leaves and stems of Cerastium 1HWKHUODQGV $$SWURRW -)-)²² semidecandrum Mycosphaerella etlingerae &%6 &3& Dead leaves of Etlingera elatior Hawaii :*DPV -)-)²² &3& Dead leaves of Etlingera elatior Hawaii :*DPV -)-)²² Mycosphaerella holualoana &%6 &3& Dead leaves of Hedychium coronarium Hawaii :*DPV -)-)²² Sphaerulina myriadea &%6 -&0 /HDYHVRIQuercus dentata Japan .7DQDND -)-)²² Teratosphaeria agapanthi &%6 &3& /HDIVSRWVRQAgapanthus umbellatus 3RUWXJDO 3:&URXV -)-)²² &%6 &3& /HDIVSRWVRQAgapanthus umbellatus South Africa 3:&URXV -)-)²² &3& /HDIVSRWVRQAgapanthus umbellatus South Africa 3:&URXV -)-)²² Crous 1&%6&%6.1$:)XQJDO%LRGLYHUVLW\&HQWUH8WUHFKW7KH1HWKHUODQGV&3&&XOWXUHFROOHFWLRQRI3HGUR&URXVKRXVHGDW&%6 ,76,QWHUQDOWUDQVFULEHGVSDFHUVDQGWRJHWKHUZLWK6QU'1$/68SDUWLDO6QU'1$7()SDUWLDOWUDQVODWLRQHORQJDWLRQIDFWRUDOSKDJHQH$&7SDUWLDODFWLQJHQH et al . î3&5EXIIHUP00J&O /VROXWLRQFRQWDLQLQJ±QJRIWHPSODWH'1$ %LRV\VWHPV)RVWHU&LW\&$86$ LQDWRWDOYROXPHRI SHUIRUPHGRQD*HQH$PS3&56\VWHP $SSOLHG DQG() 2¶'RQQHOO XVLQJWKHSULPHUV()) &DUERQH .RKQ of thetranslationelongationfactor1- &DUERQH .RKQ 7KH3&5DPSOL¿FDWLRQVZHUH $&7 XVLQJ WKH SULPHUV $&7) DQG $&75 ,76UHJLRQZDVVXSSOHPHQWHGZLWKSDUWLDOVHTXHQFHV DPSOLFRQ7RKHOSUHVROYHVSHFLHVRI JRRG TXDOLW\ VHTXHQFHV RYHU WKH HQWLUH OHQJWK RI WKH ZHUH XVHG DV LQWHUQDO VHTXHQFH SULPHUV WR HQVXUH :KLWH ¶HQGRIWKH6QU51$JHQH /68 7KHSULPHUV,76 6QU51$JHQHWKHVHFRQG,76UHJLRQ ,76 DQGWKH RI&IRUPLQIROORZHGE\F\FOHVRIGHQDWXUDWLRQ were setasfollows:aninitialdenaturationtemperature 668 WKH¿UVWLQWHUQDOWUDQVFULEHGVSDFHU ,76 WKH WKHDPSOL¿FDWLRQUHDFWLRQ3&5DPSOL¿FDWLRQFRQGLWLRQV RSHURQ VSDQQLQJ WKH ¶ HQG RI WKH 6 QU51$ JHQH ZHUHXVHGWRDPSOLI\SDUWRIWKHQXFOHDUU'1$ *HUULWVYDQGHQ(QGH DQG/5 9LOJDO\V +HVWHU UHVXOWLQJ DPSOLFRQV ZHUH VHTXHQFHG XVLQJ WKH 3&5 0($ &URXV &RORQLHV ZHUH VXEFXOWXUHG RQWR microfungi, andsingleconidialcoloniesestablishedon PRLVWFKDPEHUVIRUXSWRZNDQGLQVSHFWHGGDLO\IRU isolate asexualfungi,hosttissueswereincubatedin WHPSHUDWXUHRI&IRUVSULPHUDQQHDOLQJDW& ()Į/GLPHWK\OVXOIR[LGH '062 ZDVDGGHGWR SULPHUV DQG D %LJ'\H 7HUPLQDWRU &\FOH 6HTXHQFLQJ SRRU DJDU 61$ 0($ SRWDWRGH[WURVH DQG DJDU 3'$ RDWPHDO V\QWKHWLF QXWULHQW DJDU 2$ GHVFULEHGHDUOLHU &URXV single ascosporeandconidialculturesestablishedas JHUPLQDWLRQ SDWWHUQV ZHUH H[DPLQHG DIWHU K DQG +DPSVKLUH 8. &URXV 6RODQD%HDFK&$86$ 7KH3ULPHUV9* GH+RRJ VDQGD¿QDOH[WHQVLRQVWHSDW&IRUPLQ7KH &IRU()Į IRUVSULPHUH[WHQVLRQDW&IRU '1$SRO\PHUDVH %LROLQH/XFNHQZDOGH*HUPDQ\ )RU colonies cultivated on MEA usingtheUltraClean colonies cultivatedonMEA GLVK FRQWDLQLQJ PDOW H[WUDFW DJDU 0($ 2[RLG 0RIHDFKG173 0IRU()Į DQG8 0LFURELDO '1$ ,VRODWLRQ .LW 0R %LR /DERUDWRULHV *HQRPLF '1$ ZDV H[WUDFWHG IURP P\FHOLD RI IXQJDO phylogeny DNA GHSRVLWHG LQ 0\FR%DQN ZZZ0\FR%DQNRUJ &URXV 1RPHQFODWXUDO QRYHOWLHVQHDUXOWUDYLROHWOLJKWDW&WRSURPRWHVSRUXODWLRQ DQG GHVFULSWLRQV &URXV ZHUH LQWKHERWWRPRI3HWULGLVKOLGVZLWKWKHWRSKDOIRIWKH et al. 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