DOCSLIB.ORG

Supplemental Information

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Supplemental Information ARTICLE Supplemental Information PEDIATRICS Volume 147, Number 1, January 2021 1 SUPPLEMENTAL TABLE 3 Definition of Covariates (Relevant SDG Indicators) and Data Sources Study Covariate SDG Indicators (GBD) Definition (GBD) Related SDG Target (United Sources Used by the GBD Nations) Authors Measure of performance in 2.2.1: prevalence of Stunting: being ,22 SDs from the 2.2: By 2030, end all forms of Published literature and the reduction of stunting (%)2.2.2a: median height-for-age (WHO malnutrition, including reports WHO Global undernourishment in prevalence of wasting reference population) Wasting: achieving, by 2025, the Database on Child Growth children ,5 y (composite (%) being ,22 SDs from the median internationally agreed and Malnutrition indicator) wt-for-height (WHO reference targets on stunting and Microdata (ie, population) wasting in children ,5y demographic health of age, and address the surveys, etc) nutritional needs of adolescent girls, pregnant and lactating women, and older persons Availability of adequate and 6.1.1: risk-weighted Prevalence of populations using 9 6.1: By 2030, achieve National household and equitable WASH services prevalence of different water sources (ie, universal and equitable health examination (composite indicator) populations using high-quality piped water, piped access to safe and surveysPublished unsafe or unimproved water, unimproved water sources, affordable drinking water literature and water sources (%) etc) (the relative risk of diarrheal for all. reportsCensuses disease was assigned to each source) 6.2.1a: risk-weighted Prevalence of populations using 6.2: By 2030, achieve access National household and prevalence of different toilet types (ie, toilet to adequate and equitable health examination populations using facilities with sewer connection, sanitation and hygiene for surveysPublished unsafe or unimproved unimproved sanitation facilities, all and end open literature and sanitation (%) etc) (a relative risk of diarrheal defecation, paying special reportsCensuses disease was assigned to each attention to the needs of toilet type) women and girls and those in vulnerable situations. 6.2.1b: risk-weighted Prevalence of populations without National household and prevalence of access to a hand-washing facility health examination populations without with soap and water available (yes surveys access to or no) in the household (a relative a hand-washing facility risk of diarrheal diseases and LRIs (%) was assigned to those lacking a hand-washing facility) Coverage of vaccines in 3.b.1: coverage of 8 Coverage of 8 vaccines in target 3.b: Support the research National household and target populations vaccines, conditional on populations: and development of health examination inclusion in national diphtheria-pertussis-tetanus (3 vaccines and medicines surveysPublished vaccine programs (%) doses), measles (1 dose), BCG for the communicable and literature and vaccine, polio (3 doses), hepatitis noncommunicable reportsWHO/UNICEF Joint B (3 doses), Haemophilus diseases that primarily Reporting Process WHO influenzae type b (3 doses), affect developing immunization coverage pneumococcal conjugate vaccine countries, provide access database (3 doses), and rotavirus vaccine (2 to affordable essential or 3 doses) (an overall vaccine medicines and vaccines, coverage was calculated with in accordance with the a geometric mean averaging Doha Declaration on the individual vaccine coverage values TRIPS Agreement and according to which vaccines were Public Health, which included or not in a national affirms the right of vaccination program for a certain developing countries to year) use to the full the provisions in the TRIPS Agreement regarding flexibilities to protect public health, and, in particular, provide access to medicines for all. Coverage of modern 3.7.1: proportion of women Defined as the proportion of fecund, 3.7: By 2030, ensure Survey microdata contraception methods of reproductive age sexually active women who were universal access to sexual (demographic health (15–49 y) who have their not willing to have a child in the and reproductive health surveys, country-specific 2 ARTICLE SUPPLEMENTAL TABLE 3 Continued Study Covariate SDG Indicators (GBD) Definition (GBD) Related SDG Target (United Sources Used by the GBD Nations) Authors need for family planning next 2 y. Authors also included care services, including surveys, Centers for met with modern pregnant or postpartum for family planning, Disease Control and methods (%) amenorrheic women who stated information and Prevention, Performance the wish to have delayed or education, and the Monitoring and prevented their current or most integration of Accountability 2020) recent pregnancy. Modern reproductive health into Tabulated surveys contraceptive methods refer to national strategies and female and male sterilization, oral programs. hormonal pills, intrauterine devices, male condoms, injectables, implants (including Norplant), vaginal barrier methods, female condoms, and emergency contraception. Proportion of births attended 3.1.2: proportion of births Proportion of births attended by 3.1: By 2030, reduce the Household and health by skilled health personnel attended by skilled doctors, nurses, trained midwives, global maternal mortality examination health staff (doctors, or clinical officers ratio to ,70 per 100 000 surveysPublished nurses, trained live births. literature and midwives or clinical reportsWHO PAHO officers) databaseWHO Western Pacific Region database WHO European Region database PAHO, Pan American Health Organization; TRIPS, Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights; UNICEF, United Nations Children’s Fund; WHO, World Health Organization. PEDIATRICS Volume 147, Number 1, January 2021 3 SUPPLEMENTAL TABLE 4 Annual Data Points for Indicators Related to U5 Mortality in Central American Countries (1990–2016) Country Measure of Performance in the Availability of Adequate and Coverage of Coverage of Modern Proportion of Births Reduction of Undernourishment in U5 Equitable WASH Services Vaccines in Target Contraception Attended by Skilled (Composite (Composite Populations, % Methods, % Health Indicator), % Indicator), % Personnel, % Costa Rica 1990 83.7 72.2 95.5 83.1 98.6 1991 83.7 72.2 95.4 84.0 98.6 1992 83.7 72.2 95.3 84.8 98.5 1993 83.7 72.2 95.2 85.3 98.5 1994 83.7 72.2 95.0 85.3 98.4 1995 85.4 76.8 94.7 85.0 98.3 1996 85.4 76.8 94.7 84.8 98.2 1997 85.4 76.8 94.8 84.3 98.1 1998 85.4 76.8 94.9 83.2 98.1 1999 85.4 76.8 95.1 82.6 98.1 2000 87.3 80.6 95.3 83.2 98.1 2001 87.3 80.6 94.6 84.0 98.2 2002 87.3 80.6 95.2 84.3 98.3 2003 87.3 80.6 94.5 84.5 98.4 2004 87.3 80.6 94.6 84.8 98.4 2005 88.5 83.7 94.8 85.2 98.5 2006 88.5 83.7 95.0 85.9 98.5 2007 88.5 83.7 95.3 85.9 98.6 2008 88.5 83.7 95.5 86.0 98.7 2009 88.5 83.7 95.7 86.0 98.8 2010 89.3 85.8 96.0 86.1 98.8 2011 89.3 85.8 95.2 86.3 98.9 2012 89.3 85.8 95.9 86.5 98.9 2013 89.3 85.8 96.4 86.7 99.0 2014 89.3 85.8 96.8 86.8 99.0 2015 89.3 85.8 97.1 87.1 99.1 2016 90 87.7 97.4 87.3 99.1 El Salvador 1990 51.8 40.8 69.5 68.2 97.5 1991 51.8 40.8 73.1 69.0 97.9 1992 51.8 40.8 77.1 69.7 98.3 1993 51.8 40.8 81.4 70.4 98.5 1994 51.8 40.8 85.3 71.1 98.7 1995 59.9 47.5 88.6 71.9 98.8 1996 59.9 47.5 91.2 72.6 98.9 1997 59.9 47.5 93.0 73.3 99.0 1998 59.9 47.5 94.0 73.9 99.1 1999 59.9 47.5 94.2 74.9 99.1 2000 62.7 54.2 94.4 75.9 99.1 2001 62.7 54.2 94.4 76.9 99.1 2002 62.7 54.2 93.1 77.8 99.1 2003 62.7 54.2 93.1 78.6 99.1 2004 62.7 54.2 93.2 79.4 99.1 2005 72.8 58.4 92.7 80.3 99.2 2006 72.8 58.4 92.7 81.1 99.2 2007 72.8 58.4 92.7 81.8 99.2 2008 72.8 58.4 92.6 82.5 99.3 2009 72.8 58.4 91.8 82.3 99.3 2010 79.2 61.2 92.1 82.2 99.3 2011 79.2 61.2 92.3 82.0 99.4 2012 79.2 61.2 92.4 81.7 99.4 2013 79.2 61.2 92.2 81.4 99.4 2014 79.2 61.2 92.6 81.0 99.5 2015 79.2 61.2 93.1 81.4 99.5 2016 84 63.9 93.5 81.8 99.5 Guatemala 1990 0 36.5 65.3 34.8 31.0 4 ARTICLE SUPPLEMENTAL TABLE 4 Continued Country Measure of Performance in the Availability of Adequate and Coverage of Coverage of Modern Proportion of Births Reduction of Undernourishment in U5 Equitable WASH Services Vaccines in Target Contraception Attended by Skilled (Composite (Composite Populations, % Methods, % Health Indicator), % Indicator), % Personnel, % 1991 0 36.5 69.4 37.0 32.0 1992 0 36.5 73.9 39.1 33.4 1993 0 36.5 78.3 41.3 35.1 1994 0 36.5 82.3 43.0 37.2 1995 2.3 42.2 85.2 44.5 38.7 1996 2.3 42.2 88.0 46.4 41.1 1997 2.3 42.2 90.7 48.5 43.8 1998 2.3 42.2 92.7 50.2 45.8 1999 2.3 42.2 94.1 54.3 47.6 2000 18.3 51.1 95.2 58.6 49.7 2001 18.3 51.1 95.9 62.9 51.3 2002 18.3 51.1 96.3 67.2 51.8 2003 18.3 51.1 96.4 67.2 52.2 2004 18.3 51.1 96.4 67.4 52.3 2005 35 54.8 96.3 67.5 52.8 2006 35 54.8 96.3 67.6 53.7 2007 35 54.8 96.1 67.4 54.3 2008 35 54.8 95.5 67.2 55.4 2009 35 54.8 95.3 67.0 56.8 2010 38.4 58.7 95.1 66.8 58.1 2011 38.4 58.7 94.9 66.7 59.2 2012 38.4 58.7 94.9 66.6 60.9 2013 38.4 58.7 94.0 66.7 62.5 2014 38.4 58.7 94.6 66.7 64.1 2015 38.4 58.7 94.1 67.3 65.7 2016 42.4 63.3 95.2 67.7 67.2 Honduras 1990 23.8 45.1 83.8 55.2 47.6 1991 23.8 45.1 87.1 55.7 49.0 1992 23.8 45.1 89.6 58.0 50.7 1993 23.8 45.1 91.6 59.8 52.8 1994 23.8 45.1 93.0 61.2 55.1 1995 33.6 49.9 93.7 62.6 56.9 1996 33.6 49.9 94.2 63.7 58.8 1997 33.6 49.9 94.4 66.0 61.0 1998 33.6 49.9 94.6 68.0 63.4 1999 33.6 49.9 94.5 69.8 65.9 2000 49.3 54.2 94.4 71.1 68.6 2001 49.3 54.2 94.4 72.2 71.4 2002 49.3 54.2 94.3 71.5 74.5 2003 49.3 54.2 94.4 70.7 78.1 2004 49.3 54.2 94.6 70.1 81.4 2005 64.5 59.1 94.7 69.5 84.6 2006 64.5 59.1 94.9 70.5 87.7 2007 64.5 59.1 95.1 71.4 90.3 2008
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Effect of Propionic Acid on Fatty Acid Oxidation and U Reagenesis
    Pediat. Res. 10: 683- 686 (1976) Fatty degeneration propionic acid hyperammonemia propionic acidemia liver ureagenesls Effect of Propionic Acid on Fatty Acid Oxidation and U reagenesis ALLEN M. GLASGOW(23) AND H. PET ER C HASE UniversilY of Colorado Medical Celller, B. F. SlOlillsky LaboralOries , Denver, Colorado, USA Extract phosphate-buffered salin e, harvested with a brief treatment wi th tryps in- EDTA, washed twice with ph os ph ate-buffered saline, and Propionic acid significantly inhibited "CO z production from then suspended in ph os ph ate-buffe red saline (145 m M N a, 4.15 [I-"ejpalmitate at a concentration of 10 11 M in control fibroblasts m M K, 140 m M c/, 9.36 m M PO" pH 7.4) . I n mos t cases the cells and 100 11M in methyl malonic fibroblasts. This inhibition was we re incubated in 3 ml phosph ate-bu ffered sa lin e cont aining 0.5 similar to that produced by 4-pentenoic acid. Methylmalonic acid I1Ci ll-I4Cj palm it ate (19), final concentration approximately 3 11M also inhibited ' 'C0 2 production from [V 'ejpalmitate, but only at a added in 10 II I hexane. Increasing the amount of hexane to 100 II I concentration of I mM in control cells and 5 mM in methyl malonic did not impair palmit ate ox id ation. In two experiments (Fig. 3) the cells. fibroblasts were in cub ated in 3 ml calcium-free Krebs-Ringer Propionic acid (5 mM) also inhibited ureagenesis in rat liver phosphate buffer (2) co nt ain in g 5 g/ 100 ml essent iall y fatty ac id slices when ammonia was the substrate but not with aspartate and free bovine se rum albumin (20), I mM pa lm itate, and the same citrulline as substrates.
    [Show full text]
  • Inherited Metabolic Disease
    Inherited metabolic disease Dr Neil W Hopper SRH Areas for discussion • Introduction to IEMs • Presentation • Initial treatment and investigation of IEMs • Hypoglycaemia • Hyperammonaemia • Other presentations • Management of intercurrent illness • Chronic management Inherited Metabolic Diseases • Result from a block to an essential pathway in the body's metabolism. • Huge number of conditions • All rare – very rare (except for one – 1:500) • Presentation can be non-specific so index of suspicion important • Mostly AR inheritance – ask about consanguinity Incidence (W. Midlands) • Amino acid disorders (excluding phenylketonuria) — 18.7 per 100,000 • Phenylketonuria — 8.1 per 100,000 • Organic acidemias — 12.6 per 100,000 • Urea cycle diseases — 4.5 per 100,000 • Glycogen storage diseases — 6.8 per 100,000 • Lysosomal storage diseases — 19.3 per 100,000 • Peroxisomal disorders — 7.4 per 100,000 • Mitochondrial diseases — 20.3 per 100,000 Pathophysiological classification • Disorders that result in toxic accumulation – Disorders of protein metabolism (eg, amino acidopathies, organic acidopathies, urea cycle defects) – Disorders of carbohydrate intolerance – Lysosomal storage disorders • Disorders of energy production, utilization – Fatty acid oxidation defects – Disorders of carbohydrate utilization, production (ie, glycogen storage disorders, disorders of gluconeogenesis and glycogenolysis) – Mitochondrial disorders – Peroxisomal disorders IMD presentations • ? IMD presentations • Screening – MCAD, PKU • Progressive unexplained neonatal
    [Show full text]
  • Some ABCA3 Mutations Elevate ER Stress and Initiate Apoptosis of Lung Epithelial Cells
    Some ABCA3 mutations elevate ER stress and initiate apoptosis of lung epithelial cells Nina Weichert Aus der Kinderklinik und Kinderpoliklinik im Dr. von Haunerschen Kinderspital der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München Direktor: Prof. Dr. med. Dr. sci. nat. Christoph Klein Some ABCA3 mutations elevate ER stress and initiate apoptosis of lung epithelial cells Dissertation zum Erwerb des Doktorgrades der Humanmedizin an der Medizinischen Fakultät der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität zu München Vorgelegt von Nina Weichert aus Heidelberg 2011 Mit Genehmigung der Medizinischen Fakultät der Universität München 1. Berichterstatter: Prof. Dr. Matthias Griese 2. Berichterstatter: Prof. Dr. Dennis Nowak Mitberichterstatter: Priv. Doz. Dr. Angela Abicht Prof. Dr. Michael Schleicher Mitbetreuung durch den promovierten Mitarbeiter: Dr. Suncana Kern Dekan: Herr Prof. Dr. med. Dr. h. c. Maximilian Reiser, FACR, FRCR Tag der mündlichen Prüfung: 24.11.2011 Table of Contents 1.Abstract ................................................................................................................... 1 2.Zusammenfassung................................................................................................. 2 3.Intoduction .............................................................................................................. 3 3.1 Pediatric interstitial lung disease ............................................................................... 3 3.1.1 Epidemiology of pILD..............................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Genetic Determinants Underlying Rare Diseases Identified Using Next-Generation Sequencing Technologies
    Western University Scholarship@Western Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository 8-2-2018 1:30 PM Genetic determinants underlying rare diseases identified using next-generation sequencing technologies Rosettia Ho The University of Western Ontario Supervisor Hegele, Robert A. The University of Western Ontario Graduate Program in Biochemistry A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the equirr ements for the degree in Master of Science © Rosettia Ho 2018 Follow this and additional works at: https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/etd Part of the Medical Genetics Commons Recommended Citation Ho, Rosettia, "Genetic determinants underlying rare diseases identified using next-generation sequencing technologies" (2018). Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository. 5497. https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/etd/5497 This Dissertation/Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by Scholarship@Western. It has been accepted for inclusion in Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository by an authorized administrator of Scholarship@Western. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Abstract Rare disorders affect less than one in 2000 individuals, placing a huge burden on individuals, families and the health care system. Gene discovery is the starting point in understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying these diseases. The advent of next- generation sequencing has accelerated discovery of disease-causing genetic variants and is showing numerous benefits for research and medicine. I describe the application of next-generation sequencing, namely LipidSeq™ ‒ a targeted resequencing panel for the identification of dyslipidemia-associated variants ‒ and whole-exome sequencing, to identify genetic determinants of several rare diseases. Utilization of next-generation sequencing plus associated bioinformatics led to the discovery of disease-associated variants for 71 patients with lipodystrophy, two with early-onset obesity, and families with brachydactyly, cerebral atrophy, microcephaly-ichthyosis, and widow’s peak syndrome.
    [Show full text]
  • Fusion of Multiple Heterogeneous Networks for Predicting Circrna
    www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN Fusion of multiple heterogeneous networks for predicting circRNA- disease associations Received: 22 January 2019 Lei Deng1, Wei Zhang1, Yechuan Shi1 & Yongjun Tang2 Accepted: 18 June 2019 Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a newly identifed type of non-coding RNA (ncRNA) that plays crucial roles Published: xx xx xxxx in many cellular processes and human diseases, and are potential disease biomarkers and therapeutic targets in human diseases. However, experimentally verifed circRNA-disease associations are very rare. Hence, developing an accurate and efcient method to predict the association between circRNA and disease may be benefcial to disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Here, we propose a computational method named KATZCPDA, which is based on the KATZ method and the integrations among circRNAs, proteins, and diseases to predict circRNA-disease associations. KATZCPDA not only verifes existing circRNA-disease associations but also predicts unknown associations. As demonstrated by leave-one-out and 10-fold cross-validation, KATZCPDA achieves AUC values of 0.959 and 0.958, respectively. The performance of KATZCPDA was substantially higher than those of previously developed network-based methods. To further demonstrate the efectiveness of KATZCPDA, we apply KATZCPDA to predict the associated circRNAs of Colorectal cancer, glioma, breast cancer, and Tuberculosis. The results illustrated that the predicted circRNA-disease associations could rank the top 10 of the experimentally verifed associations. Circular RNA (circRNA) is a class of non-coding RNA recently discovered. Unlike linear RNA, circRNA forms a continuous cycle of covalent closures and is highly represented in the eukaryotic transcriptome. Previous research has found thousands of prototype circRNAs in human, mouse and nematode cells1–4.
    [Show full text]
  • Unilateral Multiple Tuberous Xanthomas Mimicking Multiple Lipomatosis in Type Iia Hypercholesterolemia- a Case Report with Review
    Jebmh.com Case Report Unilateral Multiple Tuberous Xanthomas Mimicking Multiple Lipomatosis in Type IIa Hypercholesterolemia- A Case Report with Review Madhuri K.1, Yugank Anand2, Vamseedhar Annam3, Prakash C. J.4, Shreya D. Prabhu5, Harshitha K. S.6 1Postgraduate Student, Department of Pathology, Rajarajeswari Medical College and Hospital, Bangalore, Karnataka. 2Postgraduate Student, Department of Pathology, Rajarajeswari Medical College and Hospital, Bangalore, Karnataka. 3Professor, Department of Pathology, Rajarajeswari Medical College and Hospital, Bangalore, Karnataka. 4Professor, Department of Pathology, Rajarajeswari Medical College and Hospital, Bangalore, Karnataka. 5Postgraduate Student, Department of Pathology, Rajarajeswari Medical College and Hospital, Bangalore, Karnataka. 6Postgradute Student, Department of Pathology, Rajarajeswari Medical College and Hospital, Bangalore, Karnataka. INTRODUCTION The term Xanthoma was derived from a Greek word “Xanthos” meaning yellow Corresponding Author: and was generally used to describe lipid deposits in the subcutaneous plane.1 They Dr. Vamseedhar Annam, do not represent a particular disease, but are cutaneous markers for dyslipidaemia Professor, or may even arise without any underlying metabolic defect.2 Tuberous xanthomas Department of Pathology, present as yellow or reddish nodules located mainly over the extensor surface of Rajarajeswari Medical College and the extremities and buttocks.1 They may be confused with lipomas. Early diagnosis Hospital, Bangalore- 560074, Karnataka. and treatment may help to prevent complications such as coronary artery disease, E-mail: [email protected] 3 myocardial infarction and pancreatitis. We here report a case of unilateral multiple tuberous xanthomas in a young lady with elevated Low density lipoprotein levels DOI: 10.18410/jebmh/2020/183 consistent with familial hypercholesterolemia Type IIa. Financial or Other Competing Interests: None.
    [Show full text]
  • Metabolomic Analysis Reveals That the Drosophila Gene Lysine Influences Diverse Aspects of Metabolism
    Genetics: Early Online, published on October 6, 2017 as 10.1534/genetics.117.300201 Metabolomic analysis reveals that the Drosophila gene lysine influences diverse aspects of metabolism Samantha L. St. Clair*‡, Hongde Li*‡, Usman Ashraf†, Jonathan A. Karty†, and Jason M. *§ Tennessen * Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA † Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA. ‡ These authors contributed equally to this work. § Correspondence: [email protected] Keywords: Drosophila, metabolomics, lysine, LKRSDH, familial hyperlysinemia 1 Copyright 2017. ABSTRACT The fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster has emerged as a powerful model for investigating the molecular mechanisms that regulate animal metabolism. A major limitation of these studies, however, is that many metabolic assays are tedious, dedicated to analyzing a single molecule, and rely on indirect measurements. As a result, Drosophila geneticists commonly use candidate gene approaches, which, while important, bias studies towards known metabolic regulators. In an effort to expand the scope of Drosophila metabolic studies, we used the classic mutant lysine (lys) to demonstrate how a modern metabolomics approach can be used to conduct forward genetic studies. Using an inexpensive and well-established gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS)-based method, we genetically mapped and molecularly characterized lys by using free lysine levels as a phenotypic readout. Our efforts revealed that lys encodes the Drosophila homolog of Lysine Ketoglutarate Reductase/Saccharopine Dehydrogenase (LKRSDH), which is required for the enzymatic degradation of lysine. Furthermore, this approach also allowed us to simultaneously survey a large swath of intermediate metabolism, thus demonstrating that Drosophila lysine catabolism is complex and capable of influencing seemingly unrelated metabolic pathways.
    [Show full text]
  • Amino Acid Disorders
    471 Review Article on Inborn Errors of Metabolism Page 1 of 10 Amino acid disorders Ermal Aliu1, Shibani Kanungo2, Georgianne L. Arnold1 1Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; 2Western Michigan University Homer Stryker MD School of Medicine, Kalamazoo, MI, USA Contributions: (I) Conception and design: S Kanungo, GL Arnold; (II) Administrative support: S Kanungo; (III) Provision of study materials or patients: None; (IV) Collection and assembly of data: E Aliu, GL Arnold; (V) Data analysis and interpretation: None; (VI) Manuscript writing: All authors; (VII) Final approval of manuscript: All authors. Correspondence to: Georgianne L. Arnold, MD. UPMC Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh, 4401 Penn Avenue, Suite 1200, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA. Email: [email protected]. Abstract: Amino acids serve as key building blocks and as an energy source for cell repair, survival, regeneration and growth. Each amino acid has an amino group, a carboxylic acid, and a unique carbon structure. Human utilize 21 different amino acids; most of these can be synthesized endogenously, but 9 are “essential” in that they must be ingested in the diet. In addition to their role as building blocks of protein, amino acids are key energy source (ketogenic, glucogenic or both), are building blocks of Kreb’s (aka TCA) cycle intermediates and other metabolites, and recycled as needed. A metabolic defect in the metabolism of tyrosine (homogentisic acid oxidase deficiency) historically defined Archibald Garrod as key architect in linking biochemistry, genetics and medicine and creation of the term ‘Inborn Error of Metabolism’ (IEM). The key concept of a single gene defect leading to a single enzyme dysfunction, leading to “intoxication” with a precursor in the metabolic pathway was vital to linking genetics and metabolic disorders and developing screening and treatment approaches as described in other chapters in this issue.
    [Show full text]
  • Endocrinopathy in the Etiology of Obesity
    University of Nebraska Medical Center DigitalCommons@UNMC MD Theses Special Collections 5-1-1935 Endocrinopathy in the etiology of obesity Forrest B. Spieler University of Nebraska Medical Center This manuscript is historical in nature and may not reflect current medical research and practice. Search PubMed for current research. Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.unmc.edu/mdtheses Part of the Medical Education Commons Recommended Citation Spieler, Forrest B., "Endocrinopathy in the etiology of obesity" (1935). MD Theses. 411. https://digitalcommons.unmc.edu/mdtheses/411 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Special Collections at DigitalCommons@UNMC. It has been accepted for inclusion in MD Theses by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@UNMC. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Endocrinopathy in the Etiology of Obesity by Forrest B. Spieler Senior Thesis Uni vers! ty of Itebraska College of Medicine 1935 ,. TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction ••••••••••••••••••••••• 1 Endoerinppathy as a Cause •••••••••• 3 Classification. • • • • • • • • • • • • . •• • • • •• 6 The pituitary types of Obesity •••••• 7 a. Froehlich's Syndrome •••••••••• 10 b. Adiposis Dolorosa ••••••••••••• 14 b. Basophilism •••••.••••.•.•••••• 2l ThyroidalObesity •••••••••••••••••• 26 AdrenalOb.slty •••••••••••••••••••• 30 GonadalObesity ••••••••••••.••.•••• 32 Pancreatic Obesity •••.••..•...••.•• 36 Conclusions •••••••••••••••••••.•••• 40 Bibliography 480728 ENDOCRINE OBESITY Introduction The movies with their Marlene Dietrichs and Jean Harlows have made the public figure-conscious. People in all walks of life, from the young coed to the elderly spinster, are doing their utmost to make their figures approximate that Of their favorite movie heroine. Even wives are at­ tempting to make the husbands'figure Jook like that of some Greek god swaggering across the silver screen.
    [Show full text]
  • Froehlich's Syndrome and Homoeopathy
    Froehlich’s Syndrome and Homoeopathy Dr. Rajneesh Kumar Sharma MD (Homoeopathy) Dr. Swati Vishnoi BHMS Dr. Preetika Lakhera BHMS Dr. Mohammad Tayyab Daud BHMS Dr. Mohammad Tayyab Amir BHMS Dr. Vaishnavi Rathore BHMS Froehlich’s Syndrome and Homoeopathy Froehlich’s Syndrome and Homoeopathy © Dr. Rajneesh Kumar Sharma MD (Homoeopathy) Dr. Swati Vishnoi BHMS Dr. Preetika Lakhera BHMS Dr. Mohammad Tayyab Daud BHMS Dr. Mohammad Tayyab Amir BHMS Dr. Vaishnavi Rathore BHMS Homoeo Cure Research Institute NH 74- Moradabad Road Kashipur (UTTARANCHAL) - INDIA Ph- 09897618594 E. mail- [email protected] www.treatmenthomeopathy.com www.homeopathyworldcommunity.com Contents Definition .............................................................................................................................................. 2 Etymology ............................................................................................................................................. 2 Pathophysiology ................................................................................................................................... 2 Anatomy of Hypothalamus ............................................................................................................... 2 Preoptic region ................................................................................................................................. 3 Supraoptic or anterior region ..........................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • International Requisition Form
    PleasePlease place place collection collection kit kit INTERNATIONAL barcode here. REQUISITION FORM barcode here. REQUISITION FORM 123456-2-X PLEASE COMPLETE ALL FIELDS. REQUISITION FORMS SUBMITTED WITH MISSING INFORMATION MAY CAUSE A DELAY IN TURNAROUND TIME OF THE TEST. PLEASE COMPLETE ALL FIELDS. REQUISITION FORMS SUBMITTED WITH MISSING INFORMATION MAY CAUSE A DELAY IN TURNAROUND TIME OF THE TEST. PATIENT INFORMATION ORDERING CLINICIAN INFORMATION PATIENT NAME (LAST, FIRST) NAME OF ORGANIZATION 1 PatIENT INFORmatION (Must be completed in English) 2 ORDERING CLINICIAN (Must be completed in English) DATE OF BIRTH (MM/DD/YYYY) Organization (Clinic, Hospital, or Lab): Patient Name (Last, First): ADDRESS TELEPHONE CITYPatient DOB (DD/MM/YYYY): STATE ZIP CODE ORDERINGLIMS-ID: CLINICIAN TELEPHONE EMAIL Patient Street Address: Telephone: I would like to receive emails about my test from Natera Y N City: Country: Ordering Clinician: PATIENT MALE OR FEMALE? M-V26.34 F-V26.31 PATIENT PREGNANT? Y-V22.1 N DATE OF SAMPLE COLLECTION (MM/DD/YY):_____________________________ Telephone: Email: PAYMENT PLEASEPatient CHECK male orONE: female: M F BILL INSURANCE BILL CLINIC BILL CLINIC/CA Prenatal SELF-PAY Patient pregnant? Program YPDC N INSURANCE COMPANY (Please enclose a photocopy (front and CLINICIAN INFORMED CONSENT MEMBERDate of ID sample collectionSUBSCRIBER (DD/MM/YYYY): NAME (if different than patient) back) or all relevant insurance cards) If you would like the results of this case to be sent to an additional FAX fax number other than what is indicated on your setup form, please IF SELF-PAY, CHECK CARD TYPE: VISA MASTER CARD AMEX DISCOVER provide the fax number.
    [Show full text]
  • Commonly Used Lipidcentric ICD-10 (ICD-9) Codes
    Commonly Used Lipidcentric ICD-10 (ICD-9) Codes *This is not an all inclusive list of ICD-10 codes R.LaForge 11/2015 E78.0 (272.0) Pure hypercholesterolemia E78.3 (272.3) Hyperchylomicronemia (Group A) (Group D) Familial hypercholesterolemia Grütz syndrome Fredrickson Type IIa Chylomicronemia (fasting) (with hyperlipoproteinemia hyperprebetalipoproteinemia) Hyperbetalipoproteinemia Fredrickson type I or V Hyperlipidemia, Group A hyperlipoproteinemia Low-density-lipoid-type [LDL] Lipemia hyperlipoproteinemia Mixed hyperglyceridemia E78.4 (272.4) Other hyperlipidemia E78.1 (272.1) Pure hyperglyceridemia Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (DM) with (Group B) hyperlipidemia Elevated fasting triglycerides Type 1 DM w diabetic hyperlipidemia Endogenous hyperglyceridemia Familial hyperalphalipoproteinemia Fredrickson Type IV Hyperalphalipoproteinemia, familial hyperlipoproteinemia Hyperlipidemia due to type 1 DM Hyperlipidemia, Group B Hyperprebetalipoproteinemia Hypertriglyceridemia, essential E78.5 (272.5) Hyperlipidemia, unspecified Very-low-density-lipoid-type [VLDL] Complex dyslipidemia hyperlipoproteinemia Elevated fasting lipid profile Elevated lipid profile fasting Hyperlipidemia E78.2 (272.2) Mixed hyperlipidemia (Group C) Hyperlipidemia (high blood fats) Broad- or floating-betalipoproteinemia Hyperlipidemia due to steroid Combined hyperlipidemia NOS Hyperlipidemia due to type 2 diabetes Elevated cholesterol with elevated mellitus triglycerides NEC Fredrickson Type IIb or III hyperlipoproteinemia with E78.6 (272.6)
    [Show full text]