Cambridge University Press 978-1-108-49820-3 — Life in a Time of Pestilence Ruth Mackay Index More Information

Cambridge University Press 978-1-108-49820-3 — Life in a Time of Pestilence Ruth MacKay Index More Information

Index

Acuña, Diego Sarmiento de. Bilbao, 27, 50, 53–4, 59–60, 63, 78, 92, See Gondomar, count of. 110, 120, 129, 150, 153, 162, 166, Álava, 7, 144, 206, See also Vitoria. 180–1, 220–1, 237 bishop of, 120 concejos abiertos of, 206–13 alcabala,38–9, 42, 46–8, 65, See also relations with Burgos, 139–46 taxation. Bocangel, Nicolás, 227, 231 bajas and, 42–3, 45–6 Boccaccio, 9 sobras drawn from, 42–3, 45–6 borders, 22 Alcalá de Henares, 29–32, 80, 125, 126, boticarios (apothecaries), 65, 67, 69–70, 93, 157, 227, 235, 240 98, 216–17, 222, 228, See also medical Alfaro, 206 professionals. alguaciles, 26, 55, 79, 91, 161, 179, 191 bread. See wheat. Alzola, 188, 206 Briviesca, 136, 190 Ampuero, 54, 190 Brochero, Diego, 41n83 Ana, Santa. See under saints. brothels (casas públicas), 238 Andalusia, 7 Burgos, 7, 11, 33, 39n75, 41, 42, 43, 47, Andosilla, Valentín de, 51, 56, 71, 95, 101, 51–6, 59–60, 61, 63, 64–8, 74, 78–9, 154, 167, 222–3, 231 84, 95, 98, 106–7, 120n20, 124, 125, arbitristas,48–9 150, 158, 169, 175, 179–80, 197, 217, Ávila, 15, 46–7, 63, 77, 85, 89, 123 232, 236–7, 240, See also hospitals; Vargas Manrique, Diego de. Badarán, 127–8, 206 relations with Bilbao, 139–46 banishment, 70–4, 152 burials of plague victims, 102, 162–6 of the poor, 75, 78–82 barbers and surgeons, 25, 65, 103–4, 128, Cabrera, Rodrigo de, 230 216–20, 222, See also medical Camus, 3, 225–6 professionals. Cañas, Andrés de, 107, 146, 197, 235 Barcelona, 11, 14, 17, 50, 64, 148, 154, canonization, parallels to citizenship, 174, 183, 241 204 Basque Country, 7, 16, 21–2, 32, 110, Cantabria, 6, 27, 54, 139 206–7, 237 Cárdenas y Zapata, Íñigo de, 41, 78, 93 unique thoughts on women in, 26, 37 Castillo de Bovadilla, Jerónimo, 87, 89, 91, bedding 170, 173, 195, 208, 215 for the poor, 159–60 Castillo, Pedro del, 66–7, 82 for the sick, 24, 81, 233–7, See also Castro Urdiales, 32, 42, 48, 50, 54, 98, 118, hospitals. 159n43 for travelers, 84 cats, 31, 167 infected, 24–5, 159–61, 162, 236, censos, 121, 211, 227 237 Chancillería of Valladolid, 18, 32–7, Bellarmine, Robert, 204 99–100, 124, 172, 197, 225 Bennassar, Bartolomé, 7, 18, 81, 205 Chancillerías, 32–5, See also judicial system.

271

272 Index

church. See also clergy, fairs, processions, Estella, 58–9, 191 sacraments, shrines, saints. Estiche, José, 114, 125, 235 as record-keeper, 83 necessity of public services, 149–51 fairs, regional plague-drive conflicts with state, 85–6, of San Bartolomé (Alcalá de Henares), 30 108, 239–40 of San Juan (Segovia), 134 responsibility for town walls, 87 of San Lucas (Villadiego), 135–8 churches of San Miguel (Valladolid), 134, 171 as burial sites, 164–6 families, effect of plague on, 9–11, 68–70, as public gathering sites, 169, 182, 205, 102, 152–4, 168, 190–1, 235, 244 208 Fernández de Arteaga, Diego, 22, 24–6, 28, city histories, 186, 198, 247 64, 225 clergy finances, local. See alcabala, censo, as privileged source of information, 93, encabezamiento, granaries, 120, 122, 127, 197, 222 requisitioning, sisas, taxation, town departure of, 149–52, 190, 240–1 meetings. cloth fire, 25, 31, 111, 157–62, 237–8 as plague vector, 27, 59, 103, 109–14, food, 31, 58, 64, 66–7, 73n70, 82, 87, 91, 159–62 116–26, 167, 201, 228 burning of, 31, 34, 59, 66, 157–62 foreigners, 74, 139, 174 trafficking forbidden, 96–8, 109–10, 132, fraud, 91, 192 143, 157, 175 Freylas, Alonso de, 231, 233 Cogollos, 45, 65, 67, 82–3, 122, 125 Fuenterrabia, 23n26, 158–9, 237 Constable of Castile, 135 Contaduría Mayor de Hacienda, 42–6 Galicia, 6, 36, 41n83, 70, 77, 119, 149, 178 corregidores. See also Castillo de Bovadilla, Gavaldá, Francisco, 168, 174, 181, 231, Jerónimo. 234, 235, 238 responsibilities of, 19, 22, 32, 34, 171–3, Gómez de Sandoval, Francisco. See Lerma, 188 duke of. Cortes of Castile, 14, 17, 19, 39–45, Gómez, Pedro, 96–8 203–4 Gondomar, count of, 16n11, 37, 98, 148, 243 Coruña, La, 41n83, 55 González de Cellorigo, Martín, 101, 151, Council of Castile, 18, 28–9, 34, 155, 217n13 124 Granada, 10, 19, 41, 80 Council of Finance, 45–6, 48 Chancillería of, 32 crime and punishment. See banishment, granaries (pósitos), 42n90, 120–3, 160, 191, death penalty, judicial system. 209 Cuatro Villas, 124, 140, See also Santander, Guadalajara, 19, 41, 200 Laredo, Castro Urdiales, San Vicente Guipúzcoa, 21–6, 188, 206 de la Barquera. Cuenca, 41, 200 Hirschman, Albert, 11–12 hospitality, 71, 152–5 Dávila y Toledo, Gómez. See Velada, hospitals, 29–32, 232–42 Marquis of. Alcalá de Henares, 29–32, 125 death, 240–3, See also burials; plague, death Ávila, 160 toll of. Bilbao, 142, 235, 237 experience of, 241–5 Burgos, 79, 158, 217n10, death penalty, 110, 171, 175, 178 236–7 Diputación of Guipúzcoa, 23, 25, 27 Fuenterrabia, 237 Diputación of the Cortes, 42, 44, 46 funding for, 126, 149, 184 dissimulation, political, 193–5 Jerez de la Frontera, 239–40 dogs, 31, 167, 196 Lisbon, 233 Madrid, 15, 96, 184, 232, 234, 236 Elgoibar, 27, 188, 206 Medina de Pomar, 99–100 encabezamiento,38–44, 46, See also alcabala. Melgar de Fernamental, 236

Index 273

Pamplona, 233, 237–8 as capital city, 15–18, 53, 88, 117 Pasajes de San Juan, 24, 26, 237 health commission of, 29, 73, 159, 195, Segovia, 164 219 Seville, 230, 239, 241 population of, 18n17 shrines used as, 64 walls of, 88–9, 96–8, 108 Valencia, 168, 232, 235, 238 mail service, 55 Valladolid, 37, 81–2, 214, 217, 234, 238 Málaga, 149–50 hunger. See food; quarantine, impact on Mañeru, 121 food supply. markets, weekly, 132–3 Martínez de Leyva, Miguel, 10, 229–30 infection, deliberate, 174–5 Masón, Bartolomé, 218, 220–1 information about plague. See also medical professionals, See also treatises on dissimulation; medical professionals; plague. memory; messengers; reputation; as source of information, 16, 27, 60, 77, treatises on plague. 101–5, 221–7 communicated by the church, 150 availability of, 25, 29, 67, 87, 215, false, 23, 46, 59, 131–2, 138–46, 193–5 217–20 generated by towns, 20, 54–9, 61–4, 127 disputed expertise of, 16, 18–19, sought, 18–19, 33–4, 46, 50, 59, 83, 127, 221–7 197 house calls by, 156, 232 inns and innkeepers, 72–3, 83, 98, 103, payment of, 48, 127–8, 191, 206–8, 136, 152, 169, 171 215–21 training of, 215–17 Jaén, 41, 231 Medina de Pomar, 99–100 Jerez de la Frontera, 196, 239–40 Medina del Campo, 19, 35, 53, 99, 133 Juana, Queen, 15, 139 Melgar de Fernamental, 33, 43, 59, 66–7, judicial system. See also banishment, 102, 111–12, 114, 133, 136, 175, 197 Chancillerías, corregidores, Council of memory, 147, 170, 195–9 Castile, death penalty. Mercado, Luis, 10, 16–17, 32, 78, 125, sentences imposed by, 73, 149, 152, 173–81 151, 226–9 Junco de Posada, Pedro, 33n60, 34–5, 82 messengers, 50–5, 59, See also information. microhistory, 4 keys to city gates, 55, 90–2, 210 monasteries and convents, 106, 108, 131, 150, 182, 244 Laredo, 51–4, 63, 136, 139, 141, 191 burial within, 164, 242 León, 41, 55, 216 requisitioned as hospitals, 239–40 Lequeitio, 121, 153, 206, 220–1 Montalvo, Gerónimo de, 79, 123, 180 Lerma, duke of, 14–15, 18, 49, 231 Morales, Cristóbal de, 59–60, 175 Lezo, 21–6 moriscos, 80, 196 lies. See dissimulation; information, false. Morocco, 7 linens. See bedding; cloth, as plague vector. muleteers, 61–4, 119, 124, 129, 132, 169, Lisbon, 7, 233 See also trade. lists of pestilent towns, 41, 54–7, 84, 88, 90–1, 139–46, 169 Nanclares, Francisco de, 84, 94 Logroño, 69–70, 127–8, 155–6 Navarre, 22, 51, 58, 70–1, 74, 95, 121, 153, London, 1665 plague of, 56 163, 174, 191, 220 López, Francisco, 136, 142–4 Navarrete, 154 López de Chaves, Garci, 33–4 notaries, 54–5, 59–60, 79, 83, 88, 91, 93, 97, 99, 103, 112, 123–4, 142, 158, Machiavelli, 193–4 160, 161, 169–71, 190, 195, 198, 209, Madrid, 7, 15–20, 41, 55, 60, 73, 84, 89, 212, 224, 241, 243, 245 96–8, 183, 202, 214, 218, 228, 232–4, 243 Olmedo, 218–19 burials in, 163, 164 orphans, 28n50, 155 city council of, 29, 182, 203–4 Ortiz Ponce de León, Pedro, 47, 159

274 Index

Palencia, 37, 130–1 Rioja, La, 7, 47, 51, 68, 101, 126–7, 150, Pamplona, 50, 69–70, 110, 129, 182, 194, 154, 163, 190, 206 233, 237–8, 240, 243–4 Rodamundo, 6, 13, 53, 76, 102–3 Pancorbo, 124, 129, 136 burned, 205 Panza, Sancho, 223 Roque, San. See under saints. Parets, Miquel, 11, 64, 148, 154, 174, 241 Ruiz de los Arcos, Fernando, 131–2 Pasajes de San Juan, 21–6, 28, 110, 159n43, 206, 237 sacraments during quarantine, 107–8 passport. See safe-conduct. safe-conduct (passport), 74, 90, 91, 93–5, Pérez de Herrera, Cristóbal, 75, 226, 230 97 Pérez, Antonio, 231 saints, 183. See also festivals, processions, Philip II, 10, 13–14, 21–5, 28, 29n55, 49 shrines. and taxes, 38–45 Ana, 31, 182 bankruptcies of, 40, 76 Roque, 31, 182, 183, 199–205 establishing Madrid as capital, 19, 53 Sebastián, 182, 183, 199–201 Philip III, 13–15, 17, 25, 45, 48, 50, 76 Salamanca, 41, 75, 130 piracy, 118 San Martín de Valdeiglesias, 131–2 plague San Sebastián (town), 16, 22, 26, 59, 64, biology of, 5–6, 112–14, 224–5 110, 118n10, 136 death toll of, 6, 26, 28, 43, 45, 47, 214, 241 San Vicente de la Barquera, 103, 124 end of, 244–5 Santander, 6, 42–3, 53–4, 98, 102, 123, 205 familiarity of, 52, 196–9 Santiago de Compostela, 53, 149 first victims of, 100–5 Santillán, Rodrigo de, 33–4 geography of, 6–7 Santo Domingo de la Calzada, 150, 190, in literature, 8–11, 247 217 measures against, 16, 25, 31, 59, 66–7, Sebastián, San. See under saints. 102, 111, 157–62 Segovia, 7, 19, 41, 42, 53, 63, 73, 78, 85, Ponce de Santa Cruz, Antonio, 77, 103–5, 92–3, 113, 121, 126n35, 134, 161, 230–1 163–4, 182, 184, 198n38, 234 Porcell, Juan Tomás, 228, 231 Seville, 6, 11n30, 53, 61, 107n72, 239, 240, portazgo, 129 242 Portugalete, 142–4 shipbuilding, 21–6, 28 poverty, 16, 31, 37, 66, 75–82, 100, 116, shrines, 64–8, 70, 114, 122, 158, 167, 120–2, 150, 154, 159–60, 209 181–2, 200, 203, 235, 239 price controls, 119, 169, 187, 212 silk, 53, 109 processions, religious, 180–3 Silva, Juan de, 118, 233 Protestantism, 151–2 sisas, 29, 30n56, 65, 82, 89, 126–8, 150, 160, 173, 206, 215, 217, 219, 234, See quarantine, See also banishment; judicial also taxation. system, sentences imposed by; lists of Soares de Figueroa, Cristóbal, 223 pestilent towns Soranzo, Francesco, 17 by house, 234 Soria, 41, 74, 87, 109, 149 clergy resistance to, 85–6, 108 Soto, Domingo de, 75, 154 difficulties imposed by water, 60 students, 74 flexibility regarding, 105–7 Suárez, Nicolás, 60–1, 106, 166 impact on food supply of, 116–18 surgeons. See barbers and surgeons. Susinos, 122 Relaciones topográficas, 59, 147–8, 195, 199–202, 206 taxation, 37–49, See also alcabala, censos, renta del peso, 129–30, See also taxation. encabezamiento, portazgo, renta del peso, Rentería, 21–6 sisas, town meetings. reputation, 131–2 Teves, Melchor de, 32–7, 105, 119 requisitioning, 24, 108, 220, 234–40 theater, 183–4 Revilla del Campo, 65–6 Thucydides, 8–9 Ribadeneira, Pedro, 193–4 Tobar, 122

Index 275

Toledo, 7, 15, 18, 19, 41, 43n92, 57, 72, Vassberg, David, 68 78, 95, 102, 108, 109, 121n22, 131–2, Velada, 202 160, 201, 207, 221, 230 Velada, Marquis of, 15, 17 Torquemada, 222 veterinarians, 216, 230 town criers (pregoneros), 55, 73, 81, 89, 96, Villadia, Bernart de, 69–70 110, 147, 169–72, 175, 211, 212, 245 Villadiego, 135–8 town meetings (concejos abiertos), 24, Villalón de Campos, 133, 218 205–12, 221, 237 Villapadierna, Francisco de, 148 trade Villasandino, 106 effects of quarantine on, 105–12, 114–15, Villatuerta, 191 117–18, 129 Virgil, 9, 154 in cloth, 96–8 Vitoria, 51, 129, 140–1, 144, regional, 119 221–2 trust and, 138–46 Vizcaya, 135, 141 treatises on plague, 10, 104, 152, 223, vows (votos), 182–3 225–31. See also Mercado, Luis. Tudela, 132 walls, See also keys Tudela de Duero, 110 entry logs, 92–3 gates, 55–6, 83, 84, 87, 105–7, Ulloa, Antonio de, 34, 105, 214 115 Urquiola, Antonio de, 22–3, 25 guards, 22–4, 30n55, 33, 70, 89–91, 95–100, 136, 189, 207 Vadillo, 47 maintenance, 87–9 Valdemoro, 207 physical structure, 85–6 Valencia, 14, 53, 168, 174, 181, 196, 200, portillos,88–90 235, 238 symbolic functions, 85–7 Valencia, Francisco de, 79, 84, 107, 145, 225 waterways, 60–2 Valladolid, 7, 50, 53–5, 61–2, 73, 76n78, wheat and bread, 31, 87, 114–15, 119–23, 77–8, 81–2, 84, 85, 88, 90–2, 98, 101, 126, 208, See also food. 103–5, 123–4, 151, 161, 171, 183, women, 24, 26–8, 37, 74, 78, 109–10, 153, 184, 214–15, 227, 231, 241, 244–5. See 184, 205 also Chancillería of Valladolid, wool, 93, 105, 109, 197 hospitals. as plague vector, 61, 112–14 capital city in, 17–20, 48 trade in, 52, 117, 132, 140 university of, 30n55, 217, 230 Vargas Manrique, Diego de, 65–8, 111–12, Zamudio de Alfaro, Andrés, 226, 114–15, 122, 125, 134, 135–8, 140–5, 230 154, 171–2, 175–8, 187, 221–2, 236 Zamudio, Juan de, 209–10