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Acoustic Characteristics of the Advertisement Call of Dendropsophus Elegans (Anura: Hylidae)

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Acoustic Characteristics of the Advertisement Call of Dendropsophus Elegans (Anura: Hylidae) Herpetology Notes, volume 9: 99-102 (2016) (published online on 25 March 2016) Acoustic characteristics of the advertisement call of Dendropsophus elegans (Anura: Hylidae) Sérgio Luiz da Silva Muniz1,*, Carina Carneiro de Melo Moura1, Augusto Tiago de Azevedo Moraes1, Mariana Karolina Freitas Galindo1,2, Leonardo da Silva Chaves1, Marcelo de Nogueira de Carvalho Kokubum3 and Geraldo Jorge Barbosa de Moura1 Abstract. The aim of the present study was to describe the advertisement call of Dendropsophus elegans (Wied-Neuwied 1824) specimens found in the Parque Estadual Dois Irmãos, which is located in Recife, Pernambuco (Brazil). The data obtained were compared with available information on advertisement calls of the D. leucophyllatus group. So far, within this group the advertisement call has only been described for D. anceps, D. bifurcus and D. ebraccatus. Key Word: Amphibians; Anura; Bioacoustics; Dendropsophus leucophyllatus group Introduction groups. Dendropsophus elegans belongs to the D. leucophyllatus group (Faivovich et al. 2005), which Among anuran amphibians, vocalization and contains eight morphologically similar species. other behavioural aspects are the primary mode of Vocalization is a useful tool to distinguish members communication and principal mediator in social of this group (Heyer 1984; Faivovich et al. 2005; Frost interaction (Ryan 2001; Bastos and Haddad 2002; 2011). The advertisement calls of three species from the Gerhardt and Huber 2002). Advertisement calls have D. leucophyllatus group have previously been described: great taxonomic significance. They are specific to each D. anceps from Ribeirão Claro and Telêmaco Borba in species (Gerhardt 1988) and are a useful tool to identify the state of Paraná, Brazil (Conte et al. 2010) as well as and describe cryptic species (Heyer, 1984; Channing the city of Caçapava in São Paulo state, Brazil (Gomes et al. 2002). Advertisement calls also facilitate the and Martins 2006); D. bifurcus from the Napo province distinction of morphologically similar taxa, based on bioacoustic characteristics (Thomas 1966; Minter 1997; of Ecuador (Jungfer et al., 2010); and D. ebraccatus Channing et al. 2002). from Panama and Costa Rica (Ohmer et al. 2009). The genus Dendropsophus can be found in almost all Dendropsophus elegans (Wied-Neuwied 1824) is a Neotropical regions and contains more than 90 species small species with a robust frame. The snout-vent length which are divided into nine distinct phylogenetic (SVL) does not exceed 40 mm. The species is common in Atlantic forests and is widely distributed along the Brazilian coastline from Rio Grande do Norte to Paraná (AmphibiaWeb 2015). Dendropsophus elegans lives in open areas from sea level up to approximately 2000 1 Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Biology department, meters above sea level. Males call from branches in Zoology division, Laboratory of Herpetology and swamps, both in open lowlands and on forest edges Paleoherpetology. (Izecksohn and Carvalho-e-Silva 2001). They usually 2 University of Minho, Braga– Portugal. vocalize within a few centimeters of the water surface 3 Laboratory of Herpetology, Biological Sciences Department of Forest Sciences, Federal University of Campina Grande, around the edges of puddles and ponds which contain Campus de Patos, Paraíba, CSTR, UFCG. emergent, floating or herbaceous vegetation (Frost * Corresponding author email: [email protected] 2011). 100 Sérgio Luiz da Silva Muniz et al. Figure 1. A) Sonogram; B) Spectrogram; C) Power spectrum of the advertisement call of Dendropsophus elegans from Parque Estadual Dois Irmão, Recife, state of Pernambuco. The aim of the present study was to describe the Seven specimens were recorded using a digital SONY IC acoustic characteristics of the advertisement call of Recorder (ICD-P530F), at a distance of approximately Dendropsophus elegans (Wied-Neuwied 1824) using one meter from the animal. The mean temperature of specimens from the Atlantic forest in the state of the environment and the relative air humidity during Pernambuco, Brazil. sound recordings were measured using a digital thermo-hygrometer. Once the recording was completed, Materials and Methods specimens were captured to measure the snout-vent length (SVL) using a digital caliper. The mass of the The data were collected in May 2012, between 19:00h specimens was also measured using digital scales. The and 21:00h, from an area of permanent water in the voucher-specimens (CHUFRPE 1091-1099) and the Dois Irmãos zoological gardens (07°60’S 34°50’W) acoustic recordings (CS-UFRPE 20-27) were placed in in Recife, (Pernambuco). The zoo is located within the Herpetological and Paleoherpetological collection the Parque Estadual Dois Irmãos, which contains of the Federal Rural University of Pernambuco. In total, approximately 384.4 hectares. This park is considered 63 advertisement calls were analyzed using Windows to be one of the largest areas of Atlantic forest in an SoundRuler software version 0.9.6.0 as described by urban area in Pernambuco. The climate of this region is Gridi-Papp (2007). hot and humid with rainfall in autumn and winter (Ab’ saber 1967; Ayoade 1986). Results Males of D. elegans were observed vocalizing around the edges of the aforementioned body of water. The The air temperature was measured at 29°C, with majority were found near herbaceous plants, although relative humidity of 71%. The specimens vocalized others were found on the ground or on aquatic plants. approximately 15cm from the water’s edge and from an Acoustic characteristics of the advertisement call of Dendropsophus elegans 101 Table 1. Bioacoustic parameters of the advertisement call of species from D. leucophyllatus group. D. anceps D. anceps D. bifurcus D. ebraccatus D. elegans SPECIES (n= 8 calls) (n= 46 calls) (n= 10 calls) (n= 260 calls) (n= 61calls) Number of notes 2 2 2 2 2 Mean call(s) 1.06 ± 0.32 0.95s 0.197±0.051 - 0.08±0.013 duration Dominant frequency 3108.49- 2.829,2 3244 ± 114 3.57±2.84 of first note(kHz) 3409.28 2.96±0.03 Dominant frequency (2.89–2.98) 3103.04- of the second note 3.463,7 ±36.2 3275 ± 72 3.93±3.78 3437.02 (kHz) Duration of the first 0.0901±0.009 0.16±0.04 0.12±0.0225 0.14 a 0.19 0.05±0.02 note (s) 3 Duration of the 0.0205±0.008 0.07±0.007 0.04 ±0.053 0.019 a 0.034 0.01±0.003 second note(s) 4 Number of pulses in 11.8±1.78 (8-15) 12±2 (10-18) 7.8±0.79 - 8.7 the first note Number of pulses in 5.4±0.85 6±1.2 (4-8) 2±0.67 - 2.6 the second note (4-7) Ribeirão Claro and Caçapava, Recife, Napo, Panama and Location Telêmaco Borba, São Paulo, Pernambuco, Ecuador Costa Rica Paraná, Brazil Brazil Brazil Gomes and Jungfer et al. Ohmer et al. Present Reference Conte et al. 2010 Martins 2010 2008 study 2006 average height of 30cm in relation to the water surface. structure: a longer first note with many pulses followed The biometric data confirmed a mean SVL of 22 mm by a shorter second note with less pulses, as well as a (SD= 0.70) and mean weight of 0.86g (SD= 0.18). higher dominant frequency in the second note (Table 1) The advertisement call of D. elegans is composed of (Gomes and Martins 2006; Ohmeret al. 2008; Conte et two notes (Figure 1). The call has a mean duration of al. 2010; Jungfer et al. 2010). The highest mean values 0.086s (SD= 0.014), of which the first note exhibited recorded were for the species D. elegans (3.57kHzto a mean duration of 0.050s (SD= 0.013) and between 3.93kHz) and D. anceps (3.4637kHz). five and 16 pulses (mean = 8.7; SD = 2.8). The second The number of pulses in the first note was quite similar note exhibited a mean duration of 0.014s (SD= 0.004) between D. elegans and D. bifurcus with mean values of and between two and five pulses (mean = 2.6; SD= 8.7 and 7.8 pulses, respectively (Jungfer et al. 2010). 0.9). The mean interval between the notes was 0.023s This result differs from that found for D. anceps, which (SD= 0.005). Based on the results of the spectrogram exhibited a greater mean value that those observed in the and the power spectrum (Figure 1- B and C), there call analysis of the other species (12 pulses) (Gomes and was no harmony present other than the fundamental Martins 2006; Conte et al. 2010). The mean number of and dominant frequency. For the first note, the mean pulses in the second note of D. elegans (2.6) was greatly dominant frequency was at 3.57kHz (2.72–3.91kHz; different to that of D. anceps (5.4 and 6.0) (Gomes SD= 0.28). The second note exhibited a slightly higher and Martins 2006), although similar to the mean of D. frequency, with a mean value of 3.93kHz (3.53– bifurcus (2.0) (Jungfer et al. 2010) (Table I). 6.46kHz; SD= 0.38). The longest duration of the first note was found in D. ebraccatus (0.14 to 0.19s) (Ohmer et al. 2008) Discussion and D. anceps (0.16s and 0.12s) (Gomes and Martins Upon comparison, the advertisement calls of species 2006; Conte et al. 2010). Dendropsophus elegans from the D. leucophyllatus group have the same and D. bifurcus exhibited much lower values for this 102 Sérgio Luiz da Silva Muniz et al. particular variable, with mean values of 0.05s and 0.09s, Feio, R.N., Braga, U.M.L., Wiederhecker, H., Santos, P.S. (1998): respectively (Jungfer et al. 2010) (Table I).
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