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AS an ALTERNATIVE to LARGE STORAGE PROJECTS Jeffrey John Pecenka Victor Hasfirther

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AS an ALTERNATIVE to LARGE STORAGE PROJECTS Jeffrey John Pecenka Victor Hasfirther SMALL STORAGE PROJECT FEAsIBIwrry AS AN ALTERNATIVE TO LARGE STORAGE PROJECTS Jeffrey John Pecenka Victor Hasfirther 1992 Final Report WurRC-92-17 Submitted to Wyoming Water Resources Center TABLE OF CONTENTS Page CHAPTER I ................................................. 1 Introduction ....................................1 PROBLEM STATEMENT ......................................... 1 BACKGROUND ................................................ 1 PURPOSE ...................................................2 SCOPE ..................................................... 4 OVERVIEW .................................................. 4 CHAPTER I1 ................................................ 7 Literature Review ............................... 7 REFERENCE ................................................. 7 CHAPTER I11 .............................................. 10 Regulatory Feasibility ......................... 10 BACKGROUND ............................................... 10 CONCEPT ..................................................10 DESCRIPTIONS AND DEFINITIONS ............................. 11 METHOD OF ANALYSIS OF REGULATORY INVOLVEMENT ............. 13 CRITERIA ................................................. 16 SIX FEET DAM HEIGHT ......................................17 20 Feet Dam Height ...................................... 133 25 Feet Dam Height ...................................... 138 35 Feet Dam Height ...................................... 143 40 FEET DAM HEIGHT ...................................... 143 iii 100 FEET DAM HEIGHT ..................................... 145 UNDER 150 FEET DAM HEIGHT ...............................147 Concrete Dams Under 150 Feet High ....................... 147 OVER 150 FEET DAM HEIGHT ................................ 148 Concrete Dams Over 150 Feet in Height ................... 148 Conclusions ............................................. 153 CHAPTER IV .............................................. 154 Rationale Behind the Site Selection ........... 154 CHAPTER V ............................................... 161 Data Collection. Methods of Analyses, Small Watershed Modeling and Simulation ............. 161 Data .................................................... 161 Precipitation Event Development ......................... 162 Simulation Method ....................................... 163 Parameter Estimation ....................................164 Routing Parameters ...................................... 165 Spillway Sizing ......................................... 166 Appurtenance Parameters ................................. 166 Overtopping Parameters .................................. 167 Dam Breach Parameters ................................... 168 CHAPTER VI .............................................. 170 Results of Modeling ........................... 170 CHAPTER VII ............................................. 175 Analysis and Evaluation of Results of Modeling ...................................... 175 iv CHAPTER VIII ............................................180 Summary. Conclusions and Recommendations ...... 180 SUMMARY ................................................. 180 CONCLUSIONS ............................................. 182 RECOMMENDATIONS ......................................... 184 BIBLIOGRAPHY ............................................ 186 APPENDIX A .............................................. 196 HEC 1 Input Files .............................196 APPENDIX B .............................................. 238 HECWRC Input Data ............................. 238 APPENDIX C .............................................. 245 TR55 Data Files ............................... 245 APPENDIX D ..............................................274 Lag Times .....................................274 APPENDIX E .............................................. 278 Reservoir Stage Versus Storage ................ 278 V LIST OF TABLES Table Page Table 1. Specific Agency Regulations .................. 9 Table 2 . List of Evaluation Issues * ................. 32 Table 3 . (b) 1 Guidelines ............................ 36 Table 4 . Wyoming State Engineer's Special Permit Requirements ......................................... 84 Table 5 . SCS Foundation Requirements ................. 96 Table 6 . SCS Top Width Requirements ................. 106 Table 7 . Maximum Depth of Fill for Plastic Pipe* Schedule ............................................ 111 Table 8 . Minimum Gage Requirements .................. 115 Table 9 . Minimum Design Storm Data .................. 119 Table 10 . Permissible Velocities for Vegetated Earth Spillways ........................................... 121 Table 11 . Permissible Velocities for Earth Spillways 122 Table 12 . Wyoming Dam Design Guidelines ............. 135 Table 13 . Flood Flows ............................... 171 Table 14 . Dam Length and Reservoir Storage .......... 173 Table 15 . Spillway Sizing ........................... 174 vi LIST OF APPENDICES Appendix Page A (HEC 1 Input Files) ............. A96 B (HECWRC Input Files) ..............238 C (TR55 Files) ..................245 D (Lag Times) ...................274 E (Stage Versus Storage) .............278 vii LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS AMC ..........Antecedent Moisture Condition ASTM .......American Standards Testing Methods BIA .............Bureau of Indian Affairs BLM ............Bureau of Land Management BREC ............. .Bureau of Reclamation CEQ .........Council on Environmental Quality CFR ...........Code of Federal Regulations CMP ..............Corrugated Metal Pipe CWA .................Clean Water Act DO1 ..............Department of Interior EA .............Environmental Assessment EIS ..........Environmental Impact Statement EO .................Executive Orders EPA .........Environmental Protection Agency FEM ............ .Field Engineering Manual FERC ......Federal Energy Regulatory Commission FLPMA ....Federal Lands Policy and Management Act FONSI. .......Finding Of No Significant Impact FR .................Federal Register H & H ........... .Hydrologic and Hydraulic HEC ..........Hydrologic Engineering Center HECWRC ..... .Hydrologic Engineering Center Water Resources Council viii HMR .............Hydrometeorologic Report MOU ...........Memorandum Of Understanding MRI .............Mean Recurrence Interval NEPA ....... .National Environmental Policy Act NFS .............National Forest Service NOAA ........National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration NO1 ................ .Notice Of Intent NPS ..............National Park Service NWS .............National Weather Service 0 & M .......... .Operations and Maintenance PIR ..............Public Interest Review PL.. ................. .PublicLaw PMF ..............Probable Maximum Flood PMP ..........Probable Maximum Precipitation PN ............... .Public Notification PVC ...............Poly-Vinyl-Chloride RCN ...............Runoff Curve Number ROD ............... .Record Of Decision S.W. ................. .Surface Water scs ............soil Conservation Service SDF ..............Spillway Design Flood SDR .........Safe Drinking Water Regulations SOF ..............Statement Of Findings T & E ...........Threatened and Endangered ix Tc .............. .Time of Concentration TR20 ..............Technical Release 20 TR55 ..............Technical Release 55 Tt.. ..................TravelTime TVA ............Tennessee Valley Authority USBR ...... .United States Bureau of Reclamation USC ................United States Code USCE ..... .United States Army Corps of Engineers USDA .... .United States Department of Agriculture USDS-SCS .. .United States Department of Agriculture soil Conservation Service USFWS ....United States Fish And Wildlife Service USGS ........ .United States Geological Survey w ...................Ultra-Violet WAPA ....... .Western Area Power Administration WDEQ .. .Wyoming Department of Environmental Quality WPLC .........Wyoming Public Lands Commission ws ................. .Wyoming Statute WSEO ........ .Wyoming State Engineer's Office WWDC ......Wyoming Water Development Commission X ABSTRACT Large storage projects in Wyoming are being delayed or denied by the regulatory framework in existence to the extent that they are not cost effective means of water storage. Because of this difficulty, less restricted means of storage are being sought. The feasibility of replacing larger storage projects with severd small storage projects was studied in this thesis. It was found that small storage projects are not feasible as replacements for large storage projects, but are useful for other applications. CHAPTER I Introduction PROBLEM STATEMENT Small storage project feasibility is analyzed in detail in this thesis. The feasibility of small storage projects will be considered from a statutory level, initially; three sites are then chosen that best deploy any advantages the statutory search discovered. Finally, the three chosen sites are hydrologically and hydraulically (H&H) modeled to determine their H & H feasibility as alternatives to large projects, from a water development perspective. The State of Wyomingls Water Development Commission (WWDC) has the responsibility of developing Wyoming's water resources. Because of the great difficulty in meeting the environmental, legal, and technical requirements for large storage projects, such as Deer Creek, Sandstone, and Smiths Fork, the Wyoming Water 1 2 Development Commission is interested in studying the permitting and hydrologic feasibility of smaller water development projects. The
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