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Health System Responses to COVID-19 Is Particularly We Have Seen a Burst of Innovation and Transformation Timely

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Health System Responses to COVID-19 Is Particularly We Have Seen a Burst of Innovation and Transformation Timely European Quarterly of the European Observatory on Health Systems and Policies EUROHEALTHon Health Systems and Policies RESEARCH • DEBATE • POLICY • NEWS COVID-19 Health System Response • The Health System Response Monitor • Supporting health workers › 2020 Health system during COVID-19 • Health systems resilience | • How to protect care homes responses to • The economic and health financing crisis • Compensating health care COVID-19 professionals for income losses Number 2 • Evidence-informed policymaking | • In and out of lockdowns • Successful find-test-trace-isolate- support systems • Centralisation within and between governments :: Special Issue :: Volume 26 EUROHEALTH Quarterly of the European Observatory on Health Systems and Policies Eurostation (Office 07C020) Place Victor Horta / Victor Hortaplein, 40 / 10 1060 Brussels, Belgium T: +32 2 524 9240 F: +32 2 525 0936 Email: [email protected] http://www.healthobservatory.eu SENIOR EDITORIAL TEAM Sherry Merkur: +44 20 7955 6194 [email protected] Gemma Williams: + 44 20 7107 5304 [email protected] David McDaid: +44 20 7955 6381 [email protected] FOUNDING EDITOR Elias Mossialos: [email protected] LSE Health, London School of Economics and Political Science, Houghton Street, London WC2A 2AE, United Kingdom https://www.lse.ac.uk/lse-health EDITORIAL ADVISORY BOARD Paul Belcher, Reinhard Busse, Josep Figueras, Julian Le Grand, Willy Palm, Suszy Lessof, Martin McKee, Elias Mossialos, Richard B. Saltman, Sarah Thomson DESIGN EDITOR Steve Still: [email protected] PRODUCTION MANAGER Jonathan North: [email protected] Article Submission Guidelines CONTENTS Available at: https://tinyurl.com/EurohealthGuidelines Eurohealth is a quarterly publication that provides a forum for researchers, experts and policymakers to express their views on health policy issues and so contribute to a constructive debate in Europe and beyond. The views expressed in Eurohealth are those of the authors alone and not necessarily those of the European Observatory on Health Systems and Policies or any of its partners or sponsors. Articles are independently commissioned by the editors or submitted by authors for consideration. The Observatory is a partnership, hosted by WHO/ Europe, which includes other international organizations (the European Commission, the World Bank); national and regional governments (Austria, Belgium, Finland, Ireland, Norway, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, the United Kingdom and the Veneto Region of Italy); other health system organizations (the French National Union of Health Insurance Funds (UNCAM), the Health Foundation); and academia (the London School of Economics and Political Science (LSE) and the London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine (LSHTM)).The Observatory has a secretariat in Brussels and it has hubs in London at LSE and LSHTM and at the Berlin University of Technology. © WHO on behalf of European Observatory on Health Systems and Policies 2020. No part of this publication may be copied, reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form without prior permission. Design and Production: Steve Still Eurohealth is available online at: http://www.euro.who.int/en/about-us/partners/observatory/publications/eurohealth and in hard-copy format. ISSN 1356 – 1030 If you want to be alerted when a new publication goes online, please sign up to the Observatory e-bulletin: http://www.euro.who.int/en/home/projects/observatory/publications/e-bulletins To subscribe to receive hard copies of Eurohealth, please send your request and contact details to: [email protected] Back issues of Eurohealth are available at: https://www.lse.ac.uk/lse-health Contents 1 Covid-19 Special Issue Preventing transmission EDITORIAL – Hans Kluge, SUCCESSFUL FIND-TEST-TRACE- 3 Sandra Gallina and Josep Figueras 34 ISOLATE-SUPPORT SYSTEMS: HOW TO WIN AT SNAKES AND LADDERS – Selina Rajan, Jonathan Cylus and Perspectives on COVID-19 Martin McKee LESSONS FROM THE FIRST EFFECTIVE CONTACT TRACING 5 WAVE: THE COVID-19 HEALTH 40 AND THE ROLE OF APPS: LESSONS SYSTEM RESPONSE MONITOR FROM EUROPE – Cristina Hernández- (HSPM) AN EVIDENCE RESOURCE Quevedo, Giada Scarpetti, Erin Webb, AND A SOURCE OF ANALYSIS – Sherry Nathan Shuftan, Gemma A. Williams, Merkur, Anna Maresso, Jonathan Cylus, Hans Okkels Birk, Signe Smith Ewout van Ginneken and Suszy Lessof Jervelund, Allan Krasnik and Karsten Vrangbæk COVID-19: REFLECTING ON 13 EXPERIENCE AND ANTICIPATING HOW COMPARABLE IS COVID-19 THE NEXT STEPS – Hans Henri 45 MORTALITY ACROSS COUNTRIES? P. Kluge, Dorit Nitzan and Natasha – Marina Karanikolos and Martin McKee Azzopardi-Muscat EUROPEAN SOLIDARITY DURING Ensuring sufficient workforce 16 THE COVID-19 CRISIS – Isabel de la Mata capacity COVID-19 AND HEALTH SYSTEMS WHAT STRATEGIES ARE RESILIENCE: LESSONS GOING 51 COUNTRIES USING TO CONTENTS 20 FORWARDS – Anna Sagan, Steve EXPAND HEALTH WORKFORCE Thomas, Martin McKee, Marina SURGE CAPACITY DURING Karanikolos, Natasha Azzopardi- THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC? – Gemma Muscat, Isabel de la Mata and A. Williams, Claudia B. Maier, Giada Josep Figueras Scarpetti, Antonio Giulio de Belvis, Giovanni Fattore, Alisha Morsella, HOW TO RESPOND TO THE COVID-19 Gabriele Pastorino, Andrea Poscia, 25 ECONOMIC AND HEALTH Walter Ricciardi and Andrea Silenzi FINANCING CRISIS? – Jonathan Cylus and Ewout van Ginneken HOW ARE COUNTRIES SUPPORTING 58 THEIR HEALTH WORKERS DURING TRANSLATING EVIDENCE INTO COVID-19? – Gemma A. Williams, 29 POLICY DURING THE COVID-19 Giada Scarpetti, Alexia Bezzina, PANDEMIC: BRIDGING SCIENCE AND Karen Vincenti, Kenneth Grech, POLICY (AND POLITICS) – Gemma Iwona Kowalska-Bobko, Christoph A. Williams, Sara M. Ulla Díez, Josep Sowada, Maciej Furman, Małgorzata Figueras and Suszy Lessof Gałązka-Sobotka and Claudia B. Maier European Quarterly of the European Observatory on Health Systems and Policies EUROHEALTHon Health Systems and Policies RESEARCH • DEBATE • POLICY • NEWS COVID-19 Health System Response › • The Health System Response Monitor • Supporting health workers Health system during COVID-19 2020 • Health systems resilience | • How to protect care homes responses to • The economic and health fi nancing crisis • Compensating health care COVID-19 professionals for income losses Number 2 • Evidence-informed policymaking | • In and out of lockdowns • Successful fi nd-test-trace-isolate- support systems • Centralisation within and between governments :: Special Issue :: Volume 26 © Photo © Miriam – Doerr (dreamstime.com) Eurohealth — Vol.26 | No.2 | 2020 2 Contents Providing health service Paying for services effectively COMPENSATING HEALTHCARE 83 PROFESSIONALS FOR MANAGING HEALTH SYSTEMS ON INCOME LOSSES AND EXTRA 63 A SEESAW: BALANCING THE EXPENSES DURING COVID-19 – DELIVERY OF ESSENTIAL HEALTH Ruth Waitzberg, Dalhia Aissat, SERVICES WHILST RESPONDING Triin Habicht, Cristina Hernandez- TO COVID-19 – Melitta Jakab, Naomi Quevedo, Marina Karanikolos, Limaro Nathan, Gabriele Pastorino, Madelon Kroneman, Sherry Merkur, Tamás Evetovits, Sarah Garner, Wilm Quentin, Giada Scarpetti, Margrieta Langins, Cris Scotter and Erin Webb, Gemma A. Williams, Natasha Azzopardi-Muscat Juliane Winkelmann and Ewout van Ginneken RESTARTING MORE ROUTINE 68 HOSPITAL ACTIVITIES DURING ADJUSTING HOSPITAL INPATIENT COVID-19: APPROACHES FROM 88 PAYMENT SYSTEMS FOR SIX COUNTRIES – Erin Webb, COVID-19 – Wilm Quentin, Tit Albreht, Cristina Hernández-Quevedo, Giada Alexia Bezzina, Lucie Bryndova, Scarpetti, Nigel Edwards, Sarah Antoniya Dimova, Sophie Gerkens, Reed, Coralie Gandré, Zeynep Or, Iwona Kowalska-Bobko, Sarah Fidelia Cascini, Juliane Winkelmann, Mantwill, Zeynep Or, Selina Rajan, Madelon Kroneman, Judith de Jong, Mamas Theodorou, Liina-Kaisa Enrique Bernal-Delgado, Ester Angulo- Tynkkynen, Ruth Waitzberg and Pueyo, Francisco Estupiñán-Romero, Juliane Winkelmann Selina Rajan and Sujay Chandran KEEPING WHAT WORKS: REMOTE Governance 73 CONSULTATIONS DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC – IN AND OUT OF LOCKDOWNS, AND Erica Richardson, Dalhia Aissat, 93 WHAT IS A LOCKDOWN ANYWAY? Gemma A. Williams and Nick Fahy POLICY ISSUES IN TRANSITIONS – Holly Jarman, Scott L. Greer, Sarah THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC AND Rozenblum and Matthias Wismar 77 LONG-TERM CARE: WHAT CAN WE LEARN FROM THE FIRST WHO’S IN CHARGE AND WHY? WAVE ABOUT HOW TO PROTECT 99 CENTRALISATION WITHIN AND CARE HOMES? – Margrieta Langins, BETWEEN GOVERNMENTS – Natasha Curry, Klara Lorenz- Scott L. Greer, Holly Jarman, Sarah Dant, Adelina Comas-Herrera and Rozenblum and Matthias Wismar Selina Rajan NATIONAL, EUROPEAN, AND 104 GLOBAL SOLIDARITY: COVID-19, PUBLIC HEALTH, AND VACCINES – Scott L. Greer EDITORIAL Eurohealth — Vol.26 | No.2 | 2020 Editorial 3 EDITORIAL As this Eurohealth goes to press many countries across the European region and beyond face a steep surge in transmissions and a renewed challenge from COVID-19. As we head into winter, health care systems are management of complications; the development again coming under significant pressure. There of new drugs; and the ‘new’ use of existing drugs is still a window of opportunity, albeit one that is such as Dexamethasone, have reduced case fatality closing rapidly, to avert the kinds of problems seen ratios. Yet, the pace of implementation, particularly in the Spring. There is also a chance, although again of prevention measures, needs to pick up sharply a slim one, for Europe to use this crisis to tackle in many Member States if we are to succeed in the profound underlying problems that beset our flattening the curve. health systems. Countries
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