SOCIETY FOR CALIFORNIA ARCHAEOLOGY • NEWSLETTER VOLUME 12· NO. I FEBRUARY1978

PROGRAM FOR SCA ANNUAL MEETING, MARCH 16-18 PRERIDISTRATIOH FOR SCA ANNUAL MEE'l'ING

Da.ve Fredrickson, Program Chairman of the Included vi th this issue of the SCA sc... a., 1'..a.s 8et up the preliminary Program for HeYsletter is a._ form £er !Tei'2gist.....-aticn the A:nnua.l Meeting to be held in Yosemite for the March Annual Meeting of the SCA National Park on March 16th through 18th, in Yoaemi te. The deadline for preregistra­ 1978. The program sessions are listed on tion at the listed prices (Regular Member, pages 12-14 of this Newsletter. The final $7 .oo, Non-member, 110, Student Member, printed program, to be issued at the March t3.50), bas been extended to March 1st to meetings, will incorporate any corrections allow adequate time for return of the forDIS or additions to the papers listed here, after members have received their copies. and will give times and specific rooms Money order or check made out to the for the various sessions. The meetings Society.for Califol.'nia Arcbaeolog;r should will be at Curry Village in the park. be returned to:

SCA Annual Meeting The annual SCA Business Meeting will Attention: Mr. Alan Ila.vis take place on Thursday, March 16th, at Department of Anthropolog;r 7:30 P.M. Everyone is invited to this Califol.'nia State University • meeting. the one yearly gathering of all Fresno, CA 93740 SCA members, when new officers. are introduced, resolutions debated, and Registration af'ter March 1 will be $10 for often important decisions are made by members. the society as a whole.

An executive boa:rd meeting will be held Wednesday, March 15th, at 7:30 P.M., Newly elected members will be notified by Paul Chace. A Regional 0.fficers Bonnie Poswall and Judy Suchey are co-chairing meeting of the California .L.-chaeological a symposi'Wlt on Califo:rnia osteolog;r at the SCA Sites Survey is scheduled for Friday conference in Yosemite. The s;ymposium, entitled at 4:00 P.M. "Bones as a Resource1 Osteology and Inference in Archaeology~." will be held Saturdq morning, Preregistration is advisable, but March 18. registration will take place at Curry Village before the Thursday morning 'l'he scheduled speakers are Roger i:.8.jeunesse, sessions, from 8:30 A.M. on, and on Robert Jurma.in, :Bonnie Posw.11, Peter Schulz , Friday. Stewart Scb.ermis and Judy Suche;y.

Given the current Cali.rornia crisis on the topic It is suggested by the Local Arra~ ments Committee that in view of recent of skeletal studies, all interested parties are snow and rain conditions, th& route mori urged to attend in order to participate in the 1ikely to be in good condition would discussion eess:ions~ be Highway 99· to Merced, then Highway 140 from Merced to Yosemite • JUDY SUCHEr 2/10/18

• Next News Oeadline APRIL 6 Donald G. Wren ;Nominees Department of Anthropology, Fresno City College. B.A., M.A. Staff, SCA District F.d Kandler and Russ Kaldenberg, Co-chairmen 06 Clearinghouse. Professional advisor, of the 1978 Elections/Nominations Committee, Fresno County A...-chaeological Society. have :received ten nominations for SCA Officers Fieldwork in Mexico, Arizona and California. for 1978-1979. Ballots and membership renewal Research interests: Settlement patte:rns, forms are in the mail to all SCA members• and ecological adaptations, Western Sierras should be returned to the SCA, Department of and foothills. Anthropology, California State University Fullerton, CA 92634, by March 1. Southern Vice-President • Brief descriptions of the background and Russell L. Ka.ldenberg interests of each nominee are given below: Ila.rstow Resource Area Archaeologist, B. Bureau of Land Management. B.A., San Jose President-Elect State, M.A., San Diego State University. Chairman, SCA Contract Committee. Desert Charles·D. (Chuck) James III Region F.ditor, SCA Newsletter. Interests: Forest Archaeologist, Plumas National Cultu...."'al resource ma.ru;gement, Paleo-Indian­ Forest. B.A., Fresno State College, F.a.rly Archaeic coastal adaptations, lithic M.A., Northern Arizona University. analysis. Previous employment: Museum of Northern Arizona (Contract Archaeologist, Project Richard Norwood Manager). Research interests: Ethno­ Archaeologist for REX:ON, Instructor at archaeology and historic sites archaeology, San Diego Mesa College. M.A. candidate, settlement patterns, cultural resource San Diego State University. Interests: management. Private sector archaeology, obsidian analysis, Southern California trade William (Bill) Roop systems. Pa:rtne:r in firm of AI-chaeological Resource Service since 1974. M.A., San Francisco Secreta.r.y State Univ.ersity. Interests: ·Cultural resource management, particularly site Charles s. llull preservation, communication with Native· Chief Archaeologist, Regional Environmental Americans, legislation, innovative use Consultants since 1976. M.A., San Diego of EIR-generated data, nd processing of State University. Interests: Private archaeological impact evaluations; sector archaeology, contract archaeology; relationship of plant communities to le:x:icostatistics, archaeological statistics; cultural resources (sites); accountability contact period archaeology. in EIR surveys and evaluations. Ronald V. May County of San Diego Archaeologist. M.A. candidate, San Diego State University. SCA Ethics Committee Chairman. San Diego Jay von Werlhof Regional F.ditor, SCA Newsletter. Research • Anthropology teacher, Imperial ValleyCollege, interests: Milling Horizon in Southern El Centro; Archaeologist for Imperial Valley California; Majolica ware ceramics, College Museum. B.A., M.A., University of ceral!lic typology. California, Berkeley, 30 years survey and. excavation e:xperience statewide. Interests: Contract archaeology, historic contact, Paleo-Indian, Southeast California.

Northern-Vice President SOCifil'Y FOR AMERICAN ARCHAIDLOGY NEWSLm'TER Mike Boynton Forest Archaeologist, Mendocino National The Society for American Archaeology is now Forest. B.A. and M.A.(ABT), California publishing a monthly newsletter to keep members State University, Chico. Interestsi Site up-to-date on current archaeological meetings settlement patterning, lithic wear analysis and research activities. The newsletter is· and manufacturing techniques; conservation included in the American Anthropological Assoc. and. public archaeology, ,j!!.rchaeological Anthropology Newsletter, beginning with the contract administra. tion.· January 1978 issue. It will be distributed to all SAA members, even if they are not AAA members. Chester King Contributions are sought concerning news of Archaeological consultant. B.A., M.A., people, departments and research gl'.'.OUps, publica­ Ph.D candidate, University of California, tions of intere·st, meeting dates, announcements, 'Davi~ •. SCA President 1973-74, Northt>rn requests for information, research news, obi;t.ua.ries, Californi& Vice-President~ 1972-73. . or other items of potential interest, and should be Technical advisor, Santa Clara County ' printed or typed. Items on SAA ~vents, and editor Archaeological Society. Work with Ohlone editorial letters from Society members will also Indians and 'American Indian Movement to be included. protect Native Californian heritage sites. Research interests: Evolution of Native Contributions should be addressed to Dr. Cynthia Californian societies a.rld prehistoric and Irvin-Williams, Editor, Society for American protohistoric population distribution; Archaeology Newsletter, Anthropology, Station 34, Santa Clara. county and Santa Barbara F.astern New Mexico University, Portales, New Channel. Mexico .88130. • 2 DEATH OF BOB ANDERSON, AVOCATIONAL EDITOR AN OPEN LE'l"rER TO ALL MmBERS FROM PRESIDENT-EL:FX:T

Robert J. Anderson, Past President and longtime With the revised :By-Laws of 1976, the Society member of the Santa Clara County Archaeological for California Archaeology has a new and more S0ciety, and Avocational Editor of the SCA responsible structure for conducting the Society Newsletter, died on December 16 after a six-month affairs. Responsibilities now are held clearly by illness. He leaves his wife, Donna, and three your elected leaders. However, your ideas are children. needed in setting Society goals and your efforts are required to carry out Society programs. • Bob was extremely active in the Santa Clara society, and was an able and popular member. He In serving you as President-Elect, I need your had been. President for tw~ terms. ending this past thoughts and your help. As a member of the summer, and had served with great dedication and Executive Committee elected to represent all of you, 1Ir!f principal task is to organize our ideas and enthusiasm. It is perhaps a measure of his all of our efforts in the most effective manner to dedication to California archaeology that he advance archaeology in California. I need to know volunteered, though already ill, to edit news the problems you feel are important. I need the of avocational activities for the Newsletter. help of all members to help resolve solutions to the problems and projects we face in California His friends in the Santa Clara County archaeology. Archaeological Society have established in his name a memorial scholarship fund for a student To everybody concerned with archaeology in of archaeology. Contributions may be made to California, I would like to restate two points I Treasurer Reid Freeman, 1575 South Blaney, spoke about at the SCA Fall Data Sharing Meetings. San Jose, CA 95129. First, please communicate to me the problems, concerns, and programli you think the SCA organiza­ tion should address. As a statewide organization NEW BUSINESS MANAGER the SCA can help provide effective solutions and programs. Because of our breadth and combined Lori Haney, CSU, Fullerton, archaeology student efforts, through our structure, we can be effective. and SCA member, has taken over the job of SCA Business Office Manager as of January 1st. She Second, your efforts are needed to help advance replaces Susan Wright, who has resigned in order the SCA programs. A major task of the President­ to devote more time to her master's program at Elect is to be ready to make all the appointments Fullerton. Our thanks to Susan, who kept the to the many SCA committees that do so much to business affairs of the Society in good order, and carry out SCA programs. These committees, under who devoted a great deal of her own time and best the 1976 :By-Laws, now serve like a presidential efforts on behalf of SCA. We welcome Lori, who advisory staff. I encourage you to get involved. has taken capable charge of the office in the past If you would like to chair or assist in the work of month, and is the person to whom correspondence, an SCA committee, tell me. We have many able requests for back issues of the Newsletter or people now serving on SCA committees, but more can SCA publications should be addressed. The be accomplished with additional help. I hope to be mailing list of members is now also in her care. able to have committee appointments ready to be • The business office address is as follows: announced at the beginning of our Annual Meeting in Yosemite. Then each committee group can meet Lori Haney, SCA Business Manager while we are together there, and committee efforts SCA Business Office can begin even before we leave Yosemite. Department of Anthropology California State University The following areas of concern are presently Fullerton, CA 92634 recognized for presidential advisory committee attention:

TRANSFERS Marine Archaeology Public Education :By-Laws Historic Archaeology Speakers' Bureau Ethics Jerry Gates to Modoc National Forest ••• Mike Ethnohistory Illicit Antiquities Archives Mcintyre from Mighty Fine Research to ELM, El Pleistocene Problems Geothermal Directory Centro ••• Garth Portillo from Bakersfield ELM Heritage Protection Publications Legal Aid to ELM Bishop ••• Patrick Welch from ELM (Desert Contract Guidelines Native American Planning Planning Staff) to ELM Battle Mountain, Nevada SOPA-NPS Relations Relations and Devel­ ••• Nancy Farrell from BLM (Desert Planning Staff) State of California Certification opment to Wirth and Associates, San Dicco• -Resources Agency Programs Annual Relations Regional Clearing­ Meeting house Operations

There is also appointed a Nomination Committee and the Newsletter Editor. who requires assistants statewide.

In conclusion, as your President-Elect, I need your interest and involvement as members. Together we can set goals and advance programs with the new :tructure of our statewide Society for California Archaeology • PAUL G. CHACE 12/26/77 1823 Kenora Drive Escondido, CA 92027 • (714) 743-8609 3 <' ' . ~ ' .

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OPR-78-04 MORATTO PROTESTS RETURN OF AN'l'HROPOL-OGICAL SP~nm9 In a letter dated January 10, 1978, Michael J. Moratto has quite clearly stated the case against return of artifacts and skeletal material to local Indian groups within the state {See text of legis­ lative proposal OPR-78-04, and summarized version both in this issue of the Newsletter). Others may also wish to express their concern about this STATE PROPOSAL TO REWRN INDIAN ARTIFACTS legislation to the Governor, 1400 Tenih Street, TO LOCAL INDIAN GROUPS Sac:ramento, CA 95814. The text of Moratto's letter is as follows: One of the most important pieces of legislation "Dear Governor Brown: in years for the future of archaeolo~ ~in C

"Ai"ter review and comment by a.11 Agency Secre­ As used in this chapter, 'local agency• means any taries and the Department of Finance, the Administra­ city, county, city and county, special district, tion should sponsor the attached legislation for school district, redevelopment agency, or any other introduction in January 1978." political subdivision.

At the bottom of the first page, under suggested "(b) Upon discovery of a.ny California Indian author is the follo'Wing; "Assemblyman Knox is a. cultural artifact, the state agency, including the likely author, given his authorship of the legisla­ University of California., or local agency which tion which created the Native American Heritage owns the property on which the artifact was found Commission (Chap. 1332, Stats. of 1976). sh.all immediately notify the Native American Heritage Commission of the discovery and protect (signed) Michael L. Fischer, the artifact from destruction. In addition, any Deputry Director person, agency, institution, or organization which D<>~ernber 1'i, 1977" possesses any California. Indian cultural artifact may voluntarily transfer such artifact to the • commission for disposition pursuant to this ch.apter.

6 "(c) The Native American Heritage Commi~sion. hall dete:rmine the origin of any such Califorrua Calendar ~ndian cultural artifact and dete:rmine who s~oul~ receive the artifact. In making such d:te:rmi~t:on, the commission shall consider and base its decision on the following factors: (i) the relationshi~ of a proposed recipient to the creator of ~h: artifact; and (ii) the ability of a proposed recipient to pre;erve the artifact from destruction or deteriora­ tion In determining to which descendants a • Feb. 23-25 CALIFORNIA DF.SERT CONSERVATION AREA cult~l artifact should be returned, the commission ADVISORY COMMITTEE, El Cortez shall give first preference to any descendants ~ho reside in the locality where the artifact was dis­ Convention Complex, 7th and Ash Sts., San Diego. Thursday 2:00 P.M.-10:00 covered; second preference to any ~escendants who are residents of the state; and, third preference P.M., Friday, 8:00 A.M.-5:00 P.M.; to other California Indians. The commission shall Sat. Seminar on Organized Recreation ensure that a cultural artifact shall remain in Group Use, 8:00 A.M.-5:00 P.M. California.

"(d) If the descendants of the California Indians Feb. 27- MULTIDISCIPLINARY SYMPOSIUM ON THE who created such cultural artifacts decline to March 1 CALIFORNIA ISLANDS, Santa Barbara receive them, or if no descendants can be located, Museum of Natural History. Contact the Native American Heritage Commission shall assume Dr. Dennis M. Power, Director, Santa the power of trustee for such artifacts. The Barbara Museum of Natural History, The commission shall, in its capacity as a trustee, 2559 Puesta del Sol Road, S.B. 93105. - preserve any such artifacts until descendants are located or request the artifacts, at whieh time the March 4 L.S.B. LEAKEY FOUNDATION, San Diego commission shall designate a recipient for the Symposium. To1:1n & Ccu...."1.try, Sa..,, Diego. artifacts. All shate agencies, including the Sunday, March 4, 9:00 A.M.-5:00 P.M. University of Calif9rnia, shall assist the Speakers include Bernard Campbell, commission in the preservation of such artifacts. Carl Sagan, Mary Leakey, Shirley Strum, and David Hamburg. Contact SEI>. 4. Section 5097.99 is added to the Public Pechanec, Exec. Director, Resources Code, to read: Mary (714) 239-7779; L.s.B. Leakey Fndtn. Foundation Center 206-85, Pasadena, 5097.99. (a) The Native American Heritage CA 91125. Commission may lend any California Indian cultural artifact which it is required to preserve as a March 16-18 trustee to any organization or institution, pro­ SOCIE.'I'Y FOR CALIFORNIA ARCHAEOLOGY, vided that loans shall be for a specified time Annual Meeting, Yosemite National period and that any artifact shall be returned to Park. See Pre-Registration fo:rm the commission immediately upon request. The and session schedule in this issue. commission may impose any other conditions it deems reasonable and necessary to protect such • artifacts, including but not limited to the use March 23-25 SOUTHWESTERN ANTHROPOLOGICAL ASSOC. of artifacts and opportunities for public inspection. Annual Meeting, Holiday Inn Golden Gateway Hotel, 1500 Van Ness Ave., "(b) No state agency, department, board, or San Francisco. Local arrangements: commission, including the University of California, Terry Haynes, Medical Anthropology local agency, its employees, or contractors shall Program, University of California, destroy, sell, remove, ~r otherwise dispose of any San Francisco, CA 94143. California Indian cultural artifact discovered on property owned by the state, including the April 29 SANTA CLARA CONFERENCE ON ANTHROPOLOGY AND SOCIOLOGY FOR UNDERGRJDUATES, University of California, or by a local agency, University of Santa Clara, 95150. except as provided in this chapter. Violation of this subsection shall be a misdemeanor. May 4-6 SOCIE.'I'Y FOR AMERICAN ARCHAEOLOGY, Annual Meeting, Marriott Hotel and "(c) Nothing in this chapter shall be construed Tucson Convention Center, Tucson, AZ. to relate to the ownership of any California Indian Program Chmn.: Dee Ann Story, Dept. of cultural artifacts discovered on property owned by Anthropology, University of Texas, private persons, nor shall this chapter be construed Austin, TX 78712. to relate to the ownership of a:ny California Indian cultural artifacts discovered before January 1, 1979." May 11-12 STATE HISTORIC PRESERVATION CONFERENCE, Scottish Rite Temple, San Jose. Write c/o San Jose Historical Museum, 635 Phelan Ave., San Jose 95112.

May 12-14 CALIFORNIA DESERT CONSERVATION AREA ADVISORY COMMITTEE, Bishop. Contact Desert Advisory Committee, 3610 Central Ave., Suite 403, Riverside, CA 92506 for information or to be put • on the mailing list. 7 CALL FOR RESEARCH REPORTS FOR AMERICAN ANTIQUITY 57 SUMMER FOREST SERVICE JOBS OPEN

American Antiquity is seeking Current Research Seven National Forests in northern California information relating to California and Great Basin will be hiring 57 seasonal archeologists during the archaeology, to be published in the October 1978 summer of 1978. All will be hired on a temporary, issue. Reports should be precise, infoimative, 700 hour (87.5 working days) professional appoint-. and deal with the results of projects only. All ment, at a GS-5 level (#4.79 per hour, including C-14 dates should be cited according to the format Workmen's compensation and sick and annual leave given on the inside front page of the current benefits; housing will normally be the responsi­ American Antiquity. Reports should be sent no bility of the applicant). later than March 15 to C. Melvin Aikens, Dept. of Anthropology, University of Oregon, Eugene, The work will involve archaeological reconnaiss­ Oregon, 97403. ance and report preparation for proposed timber sale, road and fuelbreak: construction, land ex­ change, systematic sampling of wilderness stu.dy areas and related projects on National Forest lands. Appointments begin May 22, 1978 and terminate Sept. JOB OPENING 22, 1978, when Forest Service employment ceiling limitations become effective. San Jose State University seeks an archaeologist with Ph.D. conferred by June 1978 for assistant Applicants must have a Bachelor's degree in professorship (tenure-track) beginning Fall 1978. anth..-opology with an archaeological emphasis and Salary 114,256 to $17,136 depending on previous prior field Sllrvey and reconnaissance experience• - teaching and research and archaeological field Prior experience in local cultura.l areas will be school experience. Preferences are: (1) North desirable and beneficial. America with preference for the greater Southwest or California, plus background for teaching courses To apply, submit a completed Standard Fo:cm(SF)- in contempora:i:y Native Americans; (2) demonstrated 171, available at most Federal Offices, and a · brief personal reS1lllle. Applications vill be teaching experience a..~d ability emphasized; (;) pro­ ficiency in one or more of the new, sophisticated accepted v;stil Y.sa.J.:"ch 15, 1978, a.n.d ahC"""'u.ld bs fields of ceramic analysis desirable. submitted to the following Forest Archaeolog:i~ts. Interested a:rchaeologists maT also contact them Course load is 12 hours of instruction per week immediately for additional information if desired. including introductory as well as upper division archaeology. Facilities available include an 7 positions: Jim McDonald, Klamath N.F. archaeological laboratory for routine analysis, 1215 S. Main St., Yreka CA 96097 University vehicles for field work, a physical 6-7 positions: Mike Bo;ynton, Mendocino N.F. anthropology laboratory, and a technical support 420 E. Laurel St., Willows 95988 position for archaeology. 6 positions: Gerald Gates, Modoc N.F., Altura.ls, CA 96101 San Jose State University is an equal opportunity/ Quincy,. affirmative action employer--we invite applications 15 positions: Chuck James, Plumas N.F., from all qualified persons but especially seek CA 95971 applications from minority and women candidates. 10 positions: Winn Henn, Shasta-Trinity N.F., 6.543 Holiday Redding, CA 96001 Send vita and three current letters of recommenda­ Dr., tion before March 1, 1978 to: 7 positions: Joe Winter, Six Rivers N.F., 710 E St., Eureka, CA 95501 JAMES M. FREEMAN, Chairperson 6 positions: Wally Woolfenden, Stanislaus N.F., Department of Anthropology 175 Fairview Sonora 95370. San Jose State University s. Ln., San Jose, CA 95192 JOE WINTER 1/15/78

SCA DIRIDTORY FORM ACTUALLY INCLUDED THIS TIMEl --- In .ih!.!! issue of the Newsletter, you should find ------_,__ an updated copy of the "Minimum Criteria for Inclusion in SCA Directory" and the Application form for listing in the 1978 SCA Directory of Archaeolo­ SACRAMENTO MARINA CONTROVERSY gical Consultants. (Unfortunately too fev were provided for distribution to all members with the Saexamento Indian Center director Martin Cantu December 1977 issue). Persons or organizations is· demanding that the removal of Indian skeletons wishing to be included in the nev edition should from a marina construction site near the state return both these forms and a renewal/registration capitol be halted. Cantu said 18 skeletons of fee of $8.00 to James Rock, Chairman of the Direct Mai.du and Miwok Indians have been unearthed on the Directory Committee: site of the proposed 616-boat Barden Marina near Discovery Park and taken to California State James T. Rock University, sii.cramento. Klamath National Forest 1215 South Main LOS ANGELES TIMES 11/25/77 CA 96097 • CALIFORNIA HA.ND1lOOX VOLUME DUE IN APRIL 1llackbu.rn, Thomas c., ed. Flowers of the Wind; Pa ers on Ritual th and bolism in California The Smithsonian Institution has announced and the Southwest. Symposium papers from 197 • s.w.A.A. meetings). Ballena Press, P.O. Box 1366, that the long'-awa.ited California volume of the new Handbook of North American Indians will be available Socorro, N.M. 87801 (194 pages, paper, J8.95). in April. It is now being printed and bound •. It will contain 800 pages (717 of text, 47 pages of Knudtson, Peter M. The Wintun Indians of California bibliography, and 31 pages of index) and 430 and Their Neighbors. Naturegraph Publishers, Irul., illust:ra.tions. The Government Printing Office has P.O. 1lox 1075, Happy Camp, CA 96039 (96 pages, announced a price of $13.50. Copies may be ordered paper, $3.5oi·cloth, $7.50), 1977. from the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402, specifying K.roeber, Theodora, Albert B., Elsasser and Robert F. Stock No. 047-000-00347-4. Heizer. Drawn from Life; California Indians in Pen and Brush. Ballena Press, P.O.-Box1366 R01lERTA s. GREENWOOD f/17/78 Socorro, N.M. 87801 (297 pages, paper, $8.95~, 1977.

Potts, Marie. The Northern Maidu. Naturegraph, P.O. Box 1075, Happy Camp, CA 96039 (46 pages, SCA Ml!MBER PU:aLISBES WAPPO REPORT paper, 12.00; cloth, S6.00), 1977.

Yolande s. Beard, member of MAPOM and the SCA, Rogers, Spencer L. An Early Human Fossil from the has put out a short, non-technical book on the Yuha Desert of Southern California. (San Diego Wappo Indians, summarizing what is known about Museum Papers No. 12, August 1977). Ballena these inhabitants of the Napa Valley area before Press, P.O. 1lox 1366, Socorro, New Mexico 87801 and at white contact. The Wappo, A Report, is (27 pages, paper, $3.00), 1977. a paperback, 80 pa.ges in length, with black-and­ white plates. It is available from the author: Yolande S. Beard, P.O. Box 16, St. Helena, CA NEW DATING METHOD MEASURES RADIOCARBON DIRFlJTLY 94574, at $5.25 (including J4.95 for the book and J0.30 California state tax). "Archaeologists and paleontologists trying to ascertain the age of bones, wood, and charcoal from Info:rmation from MAPOM NEWS 12/77 ancient sites have long elllployed a technique called carbon-14 dating. This dating game has its draw­ backs: it requires the destruction of a sizeable portion of the sample and cannot, without costly and time-consuming treatment, determine the a.ge of • INGREDIENTS OF DESERT VARNISH REVEALED any object more than about 40,000 years old, But a new method promises to overcome both obstacles. "The recipe for desert varnish, the glossy A team of researchers from the University of black or red-o:ra.nge finishes that accumulate on Rochester, the University of Toronto, and General rock formations, has been revealed by mineralogists Ionex Corp. of Ipswich, Mass., is developing a way at the California Institute of Technology. To of dating objects that not only uses much smaller their surprise, the main ingredient is an old samples, but may also more than double the age that staple--clay. The red coating on the underside of can be evaluated. rocks is not iron oxide, but 90 percent clay mixed with an iron oxide stain. The black top­ " ••• The new technique being developed by P:ro­ surface finish is 70 percent clay and 30 pe=ent fessor Har:ry Gove of Rochester and his fellow manganese and iron oxides. researchers measures the amount of carbon 14 directly. The scientists place a sample of the "George R. Rossman and Russell M. Potter. object to be evaluated in Rochester's tandem Van de analyzed samples of different types of rock from Graaf particle accelerator. The machine separates 20 locations in California, New Mexico and Arizona.. carbon 14 and carbon 12, an atom that also accumu­ They found that all desert varnish shares a similar lates at a steady rate but does not decay, from all composition. They illuminated samples with infra­ other atoms in the samp1e. By comparing the ratio red 1ight and measured its transmission through the of these two types of carbon, the resea=hers can samples. Desert varnish had not been analyzed then calculate the age of the object under study. previously because its particles are too fine to be characterized by X-rays. "Gove believes the direct measurement system, which requires as little as one-hundredth of the "The researchers propose that fine clay, ca=ied material needed for current dating tests, will by the wind from a wide geog:ra.phic area, settles on eventually win wide acceptance. He and his a rock• s surface. Then water carrying traces o:f colleagues have accurately determined some test manganese and iron migrates through the clay film. samples to be 70,000 yea.rs old. With more work, 'The oxides build bridges across the clay particles they believe they can push 1'adiocarbon dating of and cement them,' Rossman explains." tiny samples back to 100,000 years."

SCIENCE NEWS 11/12/77 TIME MAGAZINE 6/27/77 Vol. 112, page 316 via SDCAS and SCAAS • 12/77 Newsletter. 9 HISTORIC

ARCHAEOLOGY Swinnerton Adobe Excavations at the Swinnerton Adobe ruins in PAUL J. F. SCHUMACHER the city of San Luis Obispo were completed by Historical Archaeology Editor Cal Poly1 s(Sui Luis Obispo) archaeology class in • spring 1977. The adobe, built behind the mission California Department of Parks and Recreation for grain and wool storage, was converted into a residence during the Mexican Period. It later In additon to the continuous Cultural Reseurces received a mud sill and plank floor, porch, and Inventory effort, the California State Department of additional rooms. The house was inhabited until Parks and Recreation's Cultural Heritage Section is 1958. involved with several historic sites research pro­ jects, the results of which may be published within Lovelock Cl'rinese Community, Nevada two years. The right-of-way of the Lovelock Bypass, Inter­ In Old Sacramento, field investigations in a ~tate 80, crosses part of the site of the Lovelock - portion of the first industrial -area--of-Sacramento Chinese community (ca, 1885-1925), The site City (1850 on) have been completed. A Title II (26Pe356) represents about 20-30% of structures grant will provide increased research during 1978 shown on Sanborn Map Co. maps of Lovelock dated in Old Sacramento State Historic Park. At Fort Ross 1904, 1907, and 1923 as occupied by Chinese, State Historic Park, work in 1978 will focus on a The significance of the site to Chinese-American portion of the Russian village area outside the historians is largely due to the paucity of infor­ palisades of the fort. Further work at Bale Grist ma tion available about the Chinese who lived in ¥.ill State Historic Park was conducted in fall 1977. small ru...-al communities throughout the ~est. Future work (1979-80) will trace out the hydraulic Although the most spectacular find was a small power system for the mill. cache of gold coins in the cellar of one house, the most important information is expected to be Investigations at Los Encinas State Historic Park yielded by the contents of two hand-dug wells and in the San Fernando Valley clarified newly numerous trash pits on the premises, Excavation discovered features. At El Pueblo de Los Angeles has been completed and cataloging is under way. moni taring ani research to determine mi tiga tion The draf.t final report is due July 15, 1978. efforts for development projects were carried out. Work is being conducted under terms of an agreement between the Nevada Highway Depar"Qllent The Cultural Heritage Section plans to conduct and the State Museum, Mary Rusco is project its own 1978 research at units where work has been archaeologist. contracted in the past. In Old Town San Diego several locations will be investigated to determine Society for Historical Archaeology Meetings the original grade. Research is also planned at Fort Humboldt, Eureka, and at Salt Point, a small Several papers at the Society for Historical 1 coastal port of the 1800 s and early 1900's. Archaeology Annual Meeting in San Antonio, Texas, on Jan, 3-8, 1978, dealt with California and the • Publication plans for the results of inventory West. Julia G. Costello gave 3 papers: "Excavation work on historical units are as follows: Cultural Report on a Spanish Brick and Tile Kiln at San and Natural Values at Malakoff Diggins, an important Antonio de Padua", "Historical References vs. hydraulic mining site; and Cultural and Natural Archaeological Evidenc~or Who Built the Lime Values at Coloma, the Marshall Gold Discovery Site. Kiln Outside of Santa Barbara?" and "Spanish Publication is also planned for nonhistorical State Colonial Archaeology in California: Urban to Park units which have significant cultural values, Rural". Paul G, Chace chaired a session, such as Sinkyone Wilderness State Park, It may take Historic Archaeology of Chinese Americans, at least 2 to 3 years to reach publication, however, and presented two papers in it: "Overseas since the Technical Reports Section of the Department Chinese Ceramics in the Americas: The Historical does not now have sufficient staff to print the Archaeology" and "Forms, Fraud, Fun and Funda­ reports produced by the Cultural Heritage Section. mentals: The Marks on Chinese Overseas Ceramics," These were supplemented by Patricia A. Etter's Rancheria de Buchan Archaeological District paper, "The California Chinese and Opium Smoking", Williams. Evans, Jr,, "Overseas Chinese Material The Rancheria de Buchan, a 165-acre property near Culture in the West", and Al ton K. Briggs, Edna, San Luis Obispo County, has been approved by "Chinese Industrial Nomads on the American Frontiers the State Advisory Boarad and the State Historic -The Central Pacific Construction Crews". Preservation Officer for inclusion in the National Register of Historic Places. El Buchan was the Roberta s. Greenwood chaired a session on _regional northern Chumash chief of this area The Significance of Historical Resources, in who greeted the Portola expedition hospitably in which Vance G. Bente spoke on the problems of 1769, The association of the site with a definite historical archaeology in

"The preservation of sites, artifacts, records and other aspects relating to Native American "II. Treatment of Skeletal Remains heritage in California is the foremost concern of A. When archeological excavation is the DPR. In keeping with the Department's mandate requisite, it shall be done in consulta­ set forth in the Public Resources Code, the policy tion with the Native American Heritage errumerated below which calls for preservation of Commission and local Native American all surviving vestiges of California prehistory in groups as there is always the possibility the State Park System, shall be followed. of encountering human skeletal remains • "I. General Cultural Resource Management Goals B. Excavation and transport of human remains shall employ measures to ensure that A. The Department will comply with State and minimal damage occurs. • Federal laws and directives, and pro­ fessional codes of ethics regarding c. The indiscriminate reburial of skeletal historical and archeological sites. material excavated in the State Park System shall not occur. B. Any proposed park projects which require ground disturbance shall be done with D. As human skeletons from archeological strict adherence to the Departmental contexts hold special significance for Resource Management Directives. many living Native Americans, the Depart­ ment shall avoid the establishment of c. The Department will consult with repre­ interpretive-displays which would utilize sentatives of the local Native American such materials or any representation community prior to performing any archeo­ thereof in a manner which could be logical reconnaissance or other field offensive to any faction of the public. study. Such consultation is intended to ensure that cultural and scientific issues E. The skeletal remains which are removed are identified as early as possible in the from Park units shall be housed in planning process, and to ensure that a Departmental or other approved institu­ full range of alternatives with respect tions which have proper facilities and to location and possible mitigation staff to ensure optimum recordation and measures can be evaluated. preservation. D. The Department shall locate its projects F. Skeletal remains which can reasonably be such that any areas of potential environ­ shown to possess direct lineal ties to mental impact do not contain identified living Americans may be returned to those cultural resources. Americans when the Director makes a find~ that the proposed recipient will E. When archeological excavations must be deal with them responsibly and in accord­ conducted to mitigate the adverse effects ance with guidelines established by law of nature or man, then they will be done or in cooperation with the Native fully, professionally and in consultation American Heritage Commission." with Native American groups. The results of all archeological excavations will be JOHN W. FOSTER 1/20/78 made available to the public in readable State ParkArcteologist • form. 11 Annual Meeting Thursday Afternoon 2:00 P.M. to 5:00 P.M. Session 1 Symposium: Recent Research in Northwestern California - Chairperson - Ja111es T. Rock Preliminary Program 1 • Cultural Resource Inventory and Evalua- tion of South Fork Mountain - James Rock • 2. Northwestern,.California: Questions for MARCH 16 - 18, 1978 Anthropological Research - Polly Mew. Bickel Wednesday Evening, March 15, 7:30 P.M. 3. The Significance and 1".a.na.gement of Karok and Yurok Ceremonial Sites - Joe SCA Executive Boa.rd Meeting Winter 4. Historic Research on the Klamath - Registration - 8:30 A.M. to 5:00 P.M. Denise McLemore 5. PrehistOL"J of the North Coast Ranges: Thursday Morning 9:00 A.M. to 12:00 noon Some Considerations for a Regional Research Design - Sonia Tamez Session 1 Symposium: National Park Service: Reorganization and Resource Research Volunteered Pavers: Northwest California - Chairperson - Roger Kelly 6. A Cultural Resource Survey of the Round 1. Research Results of Inundation Study Valley Indian Reservation: Progress - Toni Carroll Report - Janis Offerma..~.n 2. Current Status of NPS Reorganization 7. Inundation Effects on Archaeological - Garland Gordon Sites at Lake Mendocino - Steven Stoddard 3. Yosemite National Park Archaeology - 8. Projectile Point Typology in Northwestern Keith Anderson California: A Research Design - John 4. Alcatraz Graffiti - Roger Kelly and Milburn Cindy Orlando Session 2 Symposium: Aliso Creek - A Transect through Volunteered Papers: The Sierras Ora..:oe 9oU...~ty - Scie~tific Resource SU-T-Veys~Inc~ 5. The Reflex Sinew-Backed Bow of the 1. Shellfish Resources - Lee Di Gregorio Sierra Miwok - Craig D. Bates 2. Ca-Ora-582, llual Perspectives - Randy Mayers 6. Subsistence Settlement Systems of the 3. A Late Prehistoric Settlement-Subsistence Southern Sierra Nevada - Alan P. Model for San Joaquin Hills, Orange County, Garfinkel California - Timothy Kea.ms 7. The Nature and Antiquity of Pinyon 4. Nominating a District: Research and Study Exploitation in the Southern Sierra Design - Nancy A. Whitney-Desautels Nevada Crest - Kelly McGuire 5. Nominating a District: Agencies, .Guidelines and Requirements -. Roger Desautels Session 2 Symposium: The Chronicle of SCL-128: Volunteered Papers: Method and Theory I The Holiday Inn Site - Chairperson Joe Winter 6. Mortars·vs Ba.sins: Are Mortars Necessary Acorn Processing? - Sue Ann Cupples 1. Introduction - Tamien - 6000 Years in 1. Some Examples of Shell Money from Aboriginal an American City - Joe Winter California and Their Theoretical Implications 2. Fieldwork at SCL-128 - Joe Winter - John Isaacson • 3. Physical Anthropology at SCL-128 - 8. Cultural Selection: The Most Important of Gary Breschini Those Processes Which Affect Culture Change 4. Paleopathology at SCL-128 - Robert - E. Gary Stickel Jurmain 9. Get It Together - El:Dma Lou Davis 5. Economic Change as Revealed by Historic Ceramics - Nancy Olsen Session 3 Volunteered Papers: The Chinese in California 6. Projectile Point Collection - Patricia Hicks 1. Overseas Chinese Ceramics in the Americas 7. Historic Indian Settlements in the Paul G. Chace Vicinity of the Holiday Inn Site - 2. Food and Fantasy: Archaeological Culture of Chester King the Chinese in California and the West - William s. Evans, Jr. Session 3 Volunteered Papers: Southern California A Preliminary Analysis of English, Chinese, and Japanese Ceramics from the San Diego 1. Geologic and Biologic Determinants Presidio - Jean F. Krase of the Table Mountain Complex: the The Western Chinese and Opium Smoking - Desert Transition of the Jacumba Patricia Etter Pass - Ronald v. May Scrawls, Scribbles, and Squibbles: Are 2. The McCue Site: A Pinto-Elko Site the Marks on Chinese Pottery and Porcelain in Riverside County - Larry L. Bowles Meaningful? - William S. Evans, Jr. 3. A Stone Enclosure Site in Jua.neno 6. One Man's Archaeological Mark: The Chinese Territory - P.E. and R.E. La.ngenwalter Cook at Rancho Los Cerritos - Wm.S. Eva.tis, Jr. 4. Archaeological Survey of the Chocolate Mountains - Jay von Werlhof Session 4 Volunteered Papers: Method and Theory II 5. A Possible Paleo-Indian Site Complex in the Western Mojave Desert - Mark 1. Relationship between Modified and Non­ Sutton, et al. Modified Lithics at Lan-771 - Mark Q. Sutton 6. Applying Multidisciplinary Strategies 2. A Project in Edge Damage - Jack Carpenter to Eastern California-Western Great 3. Analysis of Catalina Island Soapstone: Impli­ Basin Prehistory - Clyde E. Kuhn cations for the Reconstruction of Aboriginal 7. ORA-193 on Newport Bay: Implications Trade Networks in Southern California - Marvis for Gabrielino Subsistence Systems - D. Kelley and N. Nelson Leonard III • Margaret M. Lyneis 19th Century Limekilns in California - Bob Edberg

12 5. An Early Milling Stone Bu.rial in 7. The :Bucks Lake Experience: A Field California Dated by C-14 and School Under Contract - Keith Johnson Aspartic. Acid ... Racemiza ti on B. A CETA Funded- Archaeological Program Darcy Ike, et al. in Santa ::Barbara County - Steve Craig 6. A Summary of the Beads from a Site in the San Bernardino Mountains Friday P.M, (SJlCM-253) - Delmer E. Sanburg, Jr, 7. Preliminary Investigations into the State Native American Heritage Co111111ission Manufacture of Olivella Beads on Steve Rios: Pendiru!' Legislation Santa Cruz Island - Michael F. Macko Friday Afternoon 2:00 P.M. to 5:00 P,M. Thursday Evening 7 : 30 P .M. Session 1 Symposium: Northern Sierra. Research • Society for California ArchaeololQ' tiona: The Maidu and 'l'heir Business Meeting s - Chairperson - Charles James Friday Morning 9:00 to 12:00 noon 1, Whither the Weather with Mountain Ma.idu - Wallace B. Woofenden Session 1 Symposium: Recent and Cu=ent Research in 2, Maidu Prehistory: The View from Chico - Northeastern California - Chairperson - Mark Kowta, Peter Jensen, Keith Johnson James Johnston 3. A. Review of Research a:nd Prospects in Mai.dun Lingnistic Prehisto:r.y - Kenneth 1. New Problems and Hypotheses in Dealing W. Whistler with the "Archeolithic Tradition: 4. Suggestions of Ma.idu Prehisto:r.y from Evidence from the Southern Cascades - :Bas1ce1;:ry_Jvj.dence - Lawrence E. Dawson c.w. Brott and J.D. ·notta 5. Discussion - A View from the Great Ba.sin 2. The Wintu and Ya.na Te=itorial Boundary Robert Elston - James D. Johnston 3. Archaeological Investigation of Dead Session 2 Symposium: Mission Registers Man's Cave, Tehama County, California 1. Applications of Mission Register Ila.ta - Gregory Greenway with Examples from the Monterey Bay and 4. Archaeological Sampling in Site San Francisco Bay Areas - Randy Milliken 8"'1...L.-veying - Kenneth Wilson 2. Fopulation and Stratification on Senta 5. The Forest Archaeological Investigation Cruz Island: A. Mission Register Study - Strategy, Modoc National Forest: A Steve Craig, Linda. Pfeiffer, Michael Macko Model for Cultuxal Resource Management 3, Computers and Mission Register Data - in Northeastern California - Michael Chad Mclla.niel Boynton 4. Contract Archaeology and .Mission Register 6. The Forest Investigation Strategy: A Research - Stephen Dietz Test hy Fire - Gerald R. Gates Symposium: Radiocarbon Dating - Chairperson Session 2 Volunteered Papers: Method and. Theorv III Irv Taylor 1. Cultural Drift: A Primary Process of 5. To be Announced: 3 P.M. on, Friday. Cultural Evolution - Henry C. Koerper and E. Gary Stickel Session 3 V.olunteered Papers: Cultural Resource 2. Correlation of Tethered Balloon Photo­ Ma:nagement II graphy with other Aerial and Geodetic 1, Ethnic Group Interests in Cultural Resource Information - Emma Lou Davis Management - Donald s. Miller • 3. llalloon Aerial Photographs of the 2. Native Americans and Archaeology: Coso Charles H. Brown Excavation - Clifford Sacred Hot Springs - A Case of Cooperation V, F. Taylor - Helen Clough and Eric Montizambert 4, The Geomorphology and Antiquity of the 3. Cultural Resource Management: An Ethno­ Charles H, Brown Site - Herbert L. logical Perspective - Enerson Pearson Minsba.11 5, Soil Analyses of Archaeological Sites Volunteered Papers: Central Coast Billy J. Peck 4. T:raoes of Human Behavior in Eay Area Fa:una.l 6. Vegetation a:nd Late Holocene Vegeta­ Remains - George R. Miller tional History of the Sacramento-San 5. Research Potentials in San Mateo County Joaquin Delta, California - James West Archaeology - Sally Salzman 7, Current Problems in Zooarchaeologic 6. Return to Etca-tamal: The Archaeology and Analysis - Paul E, La.ngenwal ter II Ethnohistory of 4-Mrn-402 - Stephen A. Dietz 7. The 1977 Summer Excavations at Mission San Session 3 Volunteered Papers: Cultural Resource Antonio.de Padua - Michael Anderson Mana.gem.ant I 1, RGM and GENREV: Regional Studies in San Friday 4:00 P.M. Diego County - Gary Fink Regional Officer MeetinJ<. California Arcba.eologi· 2, Archaeological Activity Plans: Squaw cal Sites Surve;r Spring (Mojave Desert), California, A Case Study in the Exploration of Saturday Morning 9:00 A,M. to 12:00 noon Methods of Cultnral Resource Protec­ tion in a Multiple-Land Use A,gency - Session 1 Symposium: Bones as a Resource: Osteolos:y and Russell L. Ka.ldenberg Inference in ArchaeolOQ Today - Chairperson. 3. BLM, Cultural Resources and Contracting - Judy M, Suchey and Bonnie D· Poswall - Ann A, Loose 4. The Federal Geothermal Program: A Case 1, Paleopathology and Culture in Central Study in Preservation Law and Policy California - Peter D. Schulz Non-Compliance - Clyde Kuhn 2, A Comparison of Osteological Methods for 5. A Place in the Sun: Cultural Resource the Field and for the Laborato:r.y - Judy M. Planning in the California Desert - Suchey. Eric w. Ritter 3. Indian Burials, Public Policy and Anthro­ 6, Archaeology in the 011 Fields - Joanne polon - R.M, La Jeunesse • MacGregor-Hanifan 13 Existing Osteological Collections: Session 3 Symaosium: Sierra.n Foothill Historic L.-rchaeolog:y and Ethnohistory - Opportunities and Limitation~ ~ Chairpersons - Jeanne Muiioz and Robert Jurmain Franklin Fenenga 5. Diseases of Pre-Columbian America: Myth, Speculation, and Reality - 1. Implications of a Spanish Compass Bonnie D. Poswall Discovered in the Sierran Foothills 6. Skeletal TraUllla in Two Populations - John Murray 1 -·Stuart Shennis 2. A Tiibatulabal Weather Shalllan s Bundle -Franklin Fenenga and Francis Session 2 Volunteered Papers: ill, Riddell Mock Attack and Dog Sacrifice~ A • 1. Native American Pictographs from a 19th Century Silver Mining Boom Town of Inyo Yokuts Ritual - Franklin Fenenga. County, California - Eric Ritter 4. The Aboriginal Dog in the South Central Sierra Nevada Foothills 2. Basque Tree Carving in the Sierra Nevada - Michael Clayton and David Beesley Paul Langenwalter II Fann and Function of Santa Clara Valley 5. The "Yosemite" Indians: Their Petroglyphs - Katherine Flynn Origin and Brief History - Jeanne Rock Art of Santa Catalina Island - N. Munoz Jim Savage and the Tularenos - Jeanne Nelson Leonard III 6. A Visual Odyssey into Chumash Astronomy Munoz and Rock Art - Travis Hudson 7. A Late 19th Century Chinese Store in the Sierran Foothills - Paul .E. 6. Shamanic Art and Artifacts Fresno River, 1860-1875 - John Murray.

LATEST DETAILS ON SOVIET l1Al'll10T'tl DISCOVERY The institute, it is interesting to note, has a mammoth committee which prints and distributes On June 23, 1977, a bulldozer operator excavating leafl~ts to all Siberian construction workers • a site for gold prospectors in northeastern Siberia alerting them to be on the lookout for possible struck a solid piece of ice in the permafrost, The mammoth finds (Info:rmation from Los A.ngeles Times worker examined the block of ice and upon finding 12/11/77). ' that it contained an animal contacted the Magadan Research Center 435 miles to the south. The research CLYllE KUHN 1/6/78 center proptly dispatched a scientific team to bring the find to Leningrad in a specially constructed container at a temperature of minus 40 degrees. The FRIENDS OF THE PLEISTOCENE FIELD TRIP frozen animal turned out to be a perfectly preserved late Pleistocene ma.mmoth--the first baby mammoth to Roger s.u. Smith, Roger Hooke and George I. be discovered intact. Smith have pr~posed a three-day Pacific Cell Friends of the Pleistocene trip to investigate the Searles­ The 140-pound animal, named Dima after the Panamint-l'la.nly pluvial lake system, with one day to stream where it was found, measures about three be spent in each basin to help resolve differences feet long and almost the same in height. Its in the pluvial chronology which each have skin is a dark brown color with a few coarse interpreted from studies of a single member of the scraggly hairs like pigs' bristles. The smallest system. The field trip is tentatively scheduled details of the head and body were perfectly for Veterans' Day weekend, Friday, Satuxday and preserved, and the frozen body is reported to look Sunday, November 10-12, 1978. Attendees should like a sleeping elephant, complete with curving expect to camp out unless they wish to commute long trunk. Societ scientists say that the baby distances each day from the available accommoda­ mammoth froze very shortly after its death and tions. Sparse motel accommodations are available therefore there was very little decay. "The at Trona in Searles Valley, and more are available stomach was empty," one scientist observed, "but in Ridgecrest, 22 miles west of Trona. Motel there are traces of grass in the in~estines which accommodations are available in Death Valley, but indicates that he was weaned. It is difficult to reservations should be made well in advance. No say what caused the death of the mammoth, Maybe motels now operate within Panamint Valley. A more it drowned, but we have only been studying it for detailed announcement will be forthcoming this a month and that is not long enough to tell." spring. For fuxther information and inclusion on The scientists estimate the mammoth remains to be the field trip mailing list, contact Roger S.U. between 7,000 and 10~000 radiocarbon years old. Smith, Assistant Professor, Geology Department, After the mammoth has been thoroughly researched by University of Houston, Houston, TX 77004. a multidisciplinary team at the Leningrad Zoological Institite it will be stuffed and nut into a museum. CLYllE KUEN 1/6/78 • 14 Report

Data gathering for adequate documentation for the • from Paleo-Indian period, however, has not been completed. One previously recorded site has been dated to 9,000 B.P.

In another area of the base, situated among the Joshua trees, was found a site which covered tfie De1ert approximately square mile and yielded evidence of cremations. This site was dated thraagh bead typolo­ gy to 200 B.C-A.D. 600. Other large sites have also been recorded in the immediate vicinity. Evidence is also here for early settlers and homesteaders. By RUSSELL L. KALDENBERG, EA.."'B appears to contain sites which represent a Desert Regiona1--Editor continuum -or activi tY from the Paleo-Indian period ~o the historic era. Edwards, as an Air Force Base, A great deal of activity collDDonly occurs in the is an area which has suffered little destruction as desert during the cold season. From El Centro to a result of ORV activity and residential construc­ Barstow and beyond, individuals are working on tion. This offers a relatively intact study area research projects and conducting EAR-related research and many pristine cultural resources. at a much greater pace that during the summer months. Vandals destroying the desert's historic herit~ooe, Consid.eri!l..g the ti.!!le spa..': :!.:r:-olYad., the va.at are also at work. number of sites located on the base, the relative integrity of the area and its central location Clandestine excavation has occurred in at least within the western portio~ of the Mojave Desert two National Register sites, Squaw Spring and Deep it is belived that Edwards AFB is an area which' Tank. Someone shot .22 caliber weapons at the petro­ contains a great deal of information regarding glyphs in Inscription Canyon, near the Superior Dry cultural movement and adaptation in arid lands. Lakes, destroying several panels of abstract petro­ glyphs. The Chemehuevi tribe, via Nina Murdock, has Unfortunately, the Air Force has chosen not to expressed concern that the petroglyphs near West retain a professional archaeologist on their staff. Well, in Chemehuevi Wash, were seriously vandalized. The inventory of cultural resources at Edwards At Chamber's Well in the Whipple Mountains and at stopped in December. This failure to continue Bobo Springs, near the Bighorn Mountains, antiquities with a programmed inventory will result in a signs were destroyed. Several petroglyph elements tragic loss of significant resources. Large were removed from Chamber's Well. AT SBCM-1590, in portions of the base containing known archaeological the North Rodman Mountains, a single element was sites are now being heavily impacted on a regular chiseled from the face of a basaltic boulder. basis and will continue without input from an • Undoubtedly, additional vandalism has gone unreported. archaeologist. All planned action regarding Because of the vastness of the California Desert it mitigation and additional inventories has now is impossible to monitor even known sites effectively. ceased. It is indeed unfortunate, just as Only through an effective educational awareness federal agencies, and even the U.S. A:rmy and U.S. program and a vigorous prosecution effort will this Marine Corps are gearing up for archaeological pro­ destruction of our Native American heritage be grams, that the Air Force has decided to terminate arrested. its program. The archaeology of California and the Mojave Desert will suffer greatly unless there is Bitter Springs a reversal in the Air Force decision.

The United States Army is nominating Bitter Twenty-Nine Palms Marine Base Springs, on Ft. Irwin Military Reservation, to the National Register of Historic Places. Army regula­ Between 60 and 70 archaeological sites were tion 200-1, Chapter 8, prohibits the destruction of recorded during a survey by Long Beach State Univ, places of historic value. By placing this site on on the Twenty-Nine Palms Marine Base. Dan McCarthy the National Register it will be removed from future is preparing National Register Nominations for impacts resulting from military maneuvers and other several sites, including Surprise Springs. Several ancillary activities. sites have been impacted as a result of tank maneuvers and traget practice, Rock art sites Edwards Air Base seem to have been most impacted, as a result of target practice. In the Western Mojave Desert, Edwards Air Force Base, in an effort to meet its obligations regarding Coso Hot Springs cultural resource laws, hired Mark Sutton as tempo­ rary base archaeologist. In his eleven months at The Navy has awarded a $25,000 contract to the Edwards he has managed to cover approximately 2% of Iroquois Research Foundation for a prehistoric and the base, through project specific surveys. In this historic overview of the proposed geothermal lease 2% sample over 130 sites have been recorded, 85% of area at Coso Hot Springs and Devil's Kitchen. A which are prehistoric. The sites discovered appear portion of the research will involve title searches to have enormous research value. Many large,complex concerning historic ownership of the properties ••• sites are known to exist around the lake beds, while The Iroquois Research Foundation is a well-known other sites, located upstream and at higher eleva­ eastern firm operating from Virginia, but having tions, appear to represent the Paleo-Indian period. • no local ties with California archaeology.

15 University of Nevada

Archaeolo~ists from the University of Nevada, Reno, have walked systematically-selected segments of the proposed IPP power line across Nevada and into California. Several sites were found in the Mojave Desert, ineluding a lithic quarry near Ludlow "Which extended for approximately one mile along the tra.nSlllission line corridor. Eliza.beth Budy and Dennie DeSart, of the Desert Research Institute, are in charge of field operations. Dr. Richard Brooks, with the Archaeological . Research Center, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, is undertaking a Phase II inventory of the Owlshead/ Amargosa Planning Unit and the Mojave Basin I ·:.~~::: Planning Unit for the IlLM. This sample survey will I be developed in two stages. Stage 1 is a pragmatic random sample consisting of 68 transects located on the basis of an environmentally stratified sampling at this time. Brown hopes to use a computer system design. St~ 2 is a control for Stage 1 and will to map and discard certain small rocks which the eye be des:J.g.ned to test the results of ..the random·-···­ has trouble discriminating. stratified sampling technique. From a total popula­ tion of 2 million acres, the UNLV team plan to Clark Mountain Site survey 10,880 acres, or approximately 1% of the sample universe. Jim :Benton has contirru.ed his excavation work at SllCM-2260, an a.gave roasting pit located in a Soda Lake remnant pine forest in the Eastern Mojave Desert. ~entcn has recovered olivella beads and ceramics Tom Venner is finding thermally-fractured rocks, throughout his excavated site. Specimens for rock alignments, and camp sites at the 940 foot dendrochronological sampling have been sent to the elevation on the west dide of Soda Lake. Venner1 s University of Arizona at Tucson for study. research is centered on the locational distribution of intra-site elements on extinct desert lakes. His Calico Early Man Site faun.al analysis has revealed that besides various aquatic birds, Soda Lake contained pond turtle, The annual reunion was held at the Calico Early various fishes, and small mammals which would have Man Site in Yermo November 5 and 6. Agenda items provided food resources for the Chemehuevi who included lithic replication, summa:ries of the year's occupied the area. progress, and interchange of ideas concerning Early Man studies in the Mojave Desert. Dee Simpson of • Cronese Lake the San Bernardino County Museum, acted as coordinator. Chris Drover is again back at East Cronese Lake conducting dissertation research. Several radio­ Sam Payne, graduate student at University of carbon dates have indicated occupation as late as California, Riverside, has just completed an about 1800 A.D., an:i perhaps even more recently. exhaustive edge angle study of artifacts from many Small olivella disc beads, side-incised, indicate Early Man sites in California. His conclusion was a date of at least 1650 A.D. Chris is attempting that many of the assumed artifacts are naturefacts, to collect all surface materials from several sites, and that probably most of the subsurface material and, using catchment analysis, to reconst:ru.ct the at the Early Man Site was natu:rally produced. This human and environmental system which existed in conclusion, though, does not detract from the the East Cronese basin after 1000 A.D. Interesti~g­ extremely important Lake Ma.nix surface material at ly, West Cronese Lake has contained water since the the site. Also recent research by Clay Singer of August 16 tropical storm, creating a haven for UCLA indicates that the subsurface component water fowl. Heavy rains in earl:r winter have contains ma.."JY rr..unanly-altered lithic specimens. increased the water level in the lake and will Without doubt, the Calico site will remain a probably cause the water to remain in the basin testing ground for studies for some time to come. until early SU111111er. Score 400 Since the area was crossed by old highway 58, it has been known to artifact "collectors" for many A fieldcrew from the BLM district office in years. Chris would appreciate it if anyone knowing Riverside conducted a 2~le survey of the Score of the whereabouts of Cronese artifacts would write 400 off-road race in December. A total of 87 to him at the University of California at Riversi1e. a.:c:chaeological sites was recorded on or near the . course. This precipitated re-routing the proposed Inscription Canyon Intaglio course to avoid the sites. The .future of the event is presently in question since the Colorado River Mapping of a rock alignment in desert pavement Indian Tribe denied the promoter, Mickey Thompson, aboV'e Inscription Canyon is taking place under the pel.'Jilisssion to use the reservation for a portion of sponsorship of Dr. Frank Fenenga of Long Beach State the event. University. Robert Brown is mapping all al:lgned rocks, using an aerial system for tranait mapping In the same area, Charles Lamb, director.of the and overhead photography. He has submitted a Colorado Indian Tribes Museum, is in the process of progress report indicating that the alignment­ recording sites within the reservation. Special • originally thought by many to be bird-like in emphasis is being placed upon recording extant a:rrangement--may be a aeries of connected sleeping habitation sites within the Colorado River Valley circles and linear paths. However, the nature of and in identifying segments of aboriginal trail desert pavement all but prohibits a final conclusion networks. 16 Politic1 & ArcfiaeoloQ\I

By CLYDE KUHN

THREAT OF GEOTHERMAL DEVELOPMENT HASTENS COSO HOT ;nent Administration (ERDA, now known as the Depart­ • SPRINGS NOMINATION TO NATIONAL RH;ISTER ment of Energy, or DoE) holds, on the other hand, a divergent opinion about the characteristics of the Gosa geothermal resource and is consequently inter­ exted in using tlECoso area in the development of Years of bitter feeling and conflict between a special prototype or demonstration geothe:rma.l California Native Americans and Federal officials power system. Since the state holds some mineral over access and use of the Caso Hot Springs in rights in the Caso Geothermal area, the Sta~e ~ergy Inyo County have climaxed in the recent nomination Resources Conservation and Development Colllllllssion of the site and adjacent 400 acres to the National (ERCDC) is also interested in promoting the exploi­ Register of Historic Places. The immediate threat tation of the geothermal potential as an electricity of geothermal development, moreover, seems to have generation "alternative." been the final crisis which stirred _Federa1 and state authorities into action leading to National Federal authorities have been extremely heristant Register recognition of the significance of the hot to face up to the attending environmental losses and springs to the contemporary Native American degradation implicit in their respective Gosa geo­ community. thermal development plans in spite of their unani­ mous claims of geothermal significance of the area Longstanding Feud Over Use and Access to Springs a..>d the "excellent" prospects for successful develoir ment. An Environmental Analysis Report (EAR) According to ethnographic accounts, Caso Hot prepared by the NWC for ERDA's "Caso Geothermal Springs is of spiritual, mythological and medicinal Project" in early 1976 concluded that a shallow significance to both the southern Paiutes of Owens geothermal heat temperature probe undertaking Valley and the "Koso-Panamintn of the northern targeted for Cose Hot Springs, nearby sites and Mojave Desert. It is suspected that other Native elsewhere in the southern Caso Mountains-northern Americans from throughout prehistoric California Indian Wells Valley area did not constitute a and the western Great Basin visited the hot springs significant undertaking requiring the preparation as well. During the Historic period, a permanent of an environmental impact statement (EIS). community devoted principally to the use of the ERDA's own subsequent Environmental Impact Analysis springs for medicinal purposes developed at Caso. (EIA) for the Caso Geothermal Project likewise Native Americans continued to make use of the area, concluded that the undertaking did not require the however, in co-existence with the white settlers. preparation of an EIS, in spite of the fact that After the Second World War, Indian Wells Valley and the project scope was expanded to include the the southern Caso Mountains, including the hot drilling of deep exploration wells. As evidenced springs, were expropriated by the U.S. Navy for by the contents of both the EAR and EIA, moreover, use as a weapons research center. At that time there was no attempt by either the Navy or ERDA to • the Navy began applying ever increasing restric­ fulfill the requirements of the National Historic tions to public access and use of Caso Hot Springs. Preservation Act and Executive Order 11593 in Local Native Americans repeatedly and unsuccessfully accordance with 36 CFR Part 800 procedures prior to petitioned the Navy for permission to use the a.rea project approval on either a site or project with greater freedom. They were equally unsuccess­ specific basis. ful in asking local state and Federal authorities to intercede on their behalf in order to guarantee OHP Report and Register Nomination Brings New rights of access and use of the hot springs and Wave of Controversy adjacent area. During roughly the same period of time that Geothermal Plans Complicate the Isaue the initial phases of ERDA's Caso Geothermal Project were being completed, the California As early as the 1920 1 s there has been some inter­ Department of Parks and Recreation's Office of est in developing Caso Hot Springs geothermal Historic Preservation (OHP) was conducting an resources for industrial use. In the 1960's the extensive, independent ethnographic study of Navy and the California State Division of Mines and the Caso Hot Springs area at the request of the Geology cooperatively drilled a shallow exploratory California Native American community. In fact, well at the springs. Since then a rrumber of ERDA was in the proecess of drilling its first different Federal and state agencies have made not deep geothermal "temperature observation vell" altogether consistent plans for the industrial immediately west of the Caso Hot Springs proper development of the area. The U.S. Department ~f at about the same time the OHP report confirmed Interior assumes, for the most part, that portions the significance of the hot springs and the of the Caso area which have been designated as appropriateness of nomination to the register ·Known Geothermal Resou=e Area {KGRA) and Bureau on the basis of contemporary importance to the of Land Management-administered land outside the Native American community. The subsequent Naval Weapons Center which is under non-competitive Caso Hot Springs National Register Nomination geothermal lease application will be leased to the was challenged, not very surprisingly, by the geothermal industry for exploration and commercial NWC almost immediately after submission by the development. The Navy, however, would c~ea:ly pre OHP. Various letters issued by the NWC to prefer to exploit ge.othermal resources within numerous offices beginning in June 1977 der-ounced Naval Weapons Center (NWC) boundaries for its . OHP•s report as lacking objectivity "ccnsistent exclusive use, integrating geothermal energy with with scientific research requirements", and other energy sources to form a "total energy denounced both the OHP's and the Native American • community." The U.S. Energy Research and Develop- Heritage Commission's partisanship in the matter. 17 After the Sta.Le ii.l.;;.;,~--"'"~ "":.;u1..t1·•;;:s »m:ri.ssi0n's approval of the nomination in September 1977, the D.'WC's remarks and objections escalated to the point of condemning both the OH:P a..~d the Historical , Commission's approach regarding the Caso nomination as "an abuse of the National Registry process and not in the national interest." In spite of h'WC protestations, however, the Coso nomination was forwarded to the Keeper of the Nati • National Register on November 22, 1977. Most recently, the Los Angeles Times of January 5, 1978 (in possible confusion over the difference between a determination of National. Register eligibility and actual inclusion on the register) announced the placement of the hot springs on the register. According to the Times, "Sen. Alan Cranston (D-Calif.) said the designation is expected to help protect the ancient prayer grounds and hot ooprings from being desecrated or destroyed by planned exploitation of geothermal ene-rgy in the area." \./hether Coso Hot Springs is determined eligible, or is actually already included on the National Register, there now seems.little possibility that consideration of cultural heritage and traditional values can be further circumvented by Federal authorities spon­ NEEA AND CEQA BRIEFS soring geothermal undertakings in the Coso area. The California 2nd District Court of Appeal has Archaeological and Associated Values Still Vulnerable recently ruled that environmental quality is a uconcrete benefit" that justifies the awarding of The nomination has not accomplished very much in attorney fees to environmental groups which success­ the vay of fUrthering awareness or protection of fully bring suit to protect it. cultural, scientific, archaeological and related non-cultural values essential for understanding "The decision by the state tribunal, first of past human activity threatened by Coso geothermal its kind by an appellate court, •is going to have schemes. There has been almost no archaeological a lot of impact on citizens' groups and lawyers who research in the immediate area targeted for geo­ want to help them out,' said Antonio Rossmann, thermal development, but what little study has been attorney in the case brought by a homeowners accomplished would suggest the presence of extensive group to stop construction of a 123-home hilltop • remains demonstrating prolonged past human activity. tract near Mulholland Drive and Topanga Canyon Like Casa Diablo-Long Valley, the Coso area appears Blvd •••• Justices Bernard s. Jefferson and Robert to have been one of the principal obsidian source Kingsly ••• agreed with Rossmann and coattorney A. areas in prehistoric California and the western James Roberts III that errvironmental protection Great Basin. Proximal to the geothermal project provided by the enforcement of meaningful land use area to the east are some of the most extensive development was beneficial to citizen&'~Los A.ngeles petroglyphs in western North America, while the ~. 12/3/77). Little Lake-Fossil Falls "Pinto" type site localities are within the area of projected leasing and develop­ Newsletter readers will recall that "An Archaeo­ ment to the west. logical Odyssey III" predicted increased scrutiny of the Federal CRM establishment and potential The Department of Energy is reported to be changes in CRM practices under NEPA. Consistent currently preparing yet another environmental assess­ with that prediction, the Council on Environmental ment (EA or RIA) for the Coso Hot Springs area while Quality (CEQ} has reportedly proposed limiting the BLM and N1NC are conducting a cooperative environ-· environmental impact statements (EIS) to 300 pages. mental study of their own for the entire Coso geo­ According to a recent news article in the Los A.ngeles thermal area in anticipation of eventual geothermal Times (12/19/77), President Carter ordered the CEQ leasing. A Navy briefing for Governor Brown on Coso ~st ways of trimming the reports, without geothermal prospects in the summer of 1977 led in which no si~ficant Federal project {as defined by December to the establishment of a state interagency section 102(2)(c) of NEPA} can be completed. The advisory committee under ERCDC sponsorship for the CEQ has suggested that statements be limited to 150 express purpose of facilitating and accelerating pages for "small" projects and 300 pages for geothermal development in the Coso area. The complex" issues. The proposed rules also would preparation of a Coso project EIS assessing the require an agency head to state publicly which parts cumulativ.e and full impacts of geothermal development of the report were used in making a decision and in the area is rather unlikely under such circum­ which were ignored. A draft of the proposals, stances. Full compliance with 36 CFR Part 800 pro­ which are supposed to be made public in February, cedures prior to the authorization of additional is currently being circulated for review by Federal geothermal project operations in the Coso area is officials. A copy was obtained by United Press even more unlikely. International in Washington, D.C. CLYDE KUHN 1/t1/78 CLYDE KUHN 1/6/78 • 18 STATE G.30THERMAL TASK FORCE RECOMMENDATIONS IGNORE ARCHAEOLOGICAL CONCERNS AMONS THE An Executive Summary of the State Geothermal Task Force's report to the Governor and Legislature AVOCATIONALS regarding geothermal resources and development in California has just been released to the general public. 'While the full report is not yet available, KULE LOKLO WORK PRC,X;RESSING • the contents of the final report and all of the Task Force's recoJIDDendations are summarized in the Execu­ A number of structures have been built, and much tive SUmmary. In spite of the orgal and written has been learned about working with native materials testimony of the archaeological collDDUility (see July and implements, since excavation was first begun for Newsletter) and the participation of the Office of a sweathouse in July 1976 at the reconstructed of Historic Preservation (see October Newsletter), Coast Miwok Indian village at Point Reyes National there are no Task Force recommendations regarding Seashore in Marin county. The project has been archaeological resources and values in the Executive carried out cooperatively by members of MAPOM (the Summary. Miwok Archaeological Preserve of Marin), the National Park Service, and the Dixie School District of San "Some geothermal areas have significant Native Rafael. Marilyn Licklider Goudeau was Project ..\merican and archaeological values attached to them," Director for the first year, and continues to help the Task Force acknowledges in the Executive-Swiuna.ry. with technical advice and support. Brian Cullin of "Many Native California Indians value hot springs NPS directed the project from last June until January for their spiritual and medicinal value," the report of this year. Experienced volunteers, many of them continues. "In addition, archaeological or cultural from MAPOM and the Audubon Canyon Ranch, have contri­ resource sites contain fragile and nonrenewable buted their knowledge in the construction of the resources; even a seemingly harmless geophysical buildings, and in carrying on various of the village survey can irreversibly alter existing surface activities, such as stone flaking, basketry and patterns and thus diminish the value recognized by cordage, both as an educational activity, which is both the Native California Indian and the scientific participated in by visitors and school classes colllDllllrities .... The Task Force neglects, however, to visiting the village, and as part of an ongoing in any way follow up on its recognition of the research program. As noted in a recent progress existence of these conflicts between geothermal report on Kule Loklo, put out by NPS and MAPOM, development in California and archaeological- (Occasional Bulletin#?), a lithic analysis class cul tural scientific considerations. taught by Betty Goerke at the College of Marin, is comparing stone tools found in local archaeological On the other hand, due largely to the diligence sites with those of Kule Loklo: records are kept of Stephen ~os (Ex:cutive Se?re~a17, Califo~a whenever a tool is used, of the purpose, length of Native American Heritage COllDDission) and Dr. Richard time used, direction of cut, hand in which used, Miller (Wilbur Hot Springs, Colusa County), Native and so forth. Microscopic comparisons are ma.de California Indian concerns over the preservation of of the modern and archaeological specimens. hot springs have been far more conscientiously addressed by the Task Force, as evidenced by some Finished structures include the sweathouse, which of the Executive Summary recommendations (and dissen is circular, 4.75 meters in diameter, and with • dissenting opinions). an entry passageway about 4.5 m. long. More than 1500 baskets of dirt were excavated and piled up With respect to hot springs, "The Task Force around the sweathouse. Helpful advice of two recognizes that there are fragile, natural resources Coast Miwok visitors was followed in the stone which can be threatened by encroaching geothermal lining of the sweathouse. Bay posts and rafters, development. In order to ensure that state laws willow intertwined, and cattail mats formed the are capable of adequately protecting the preserva­ roof structure; an adob layer of clay, grass and tion of these resources which are used for medicinal, water form the outside of the sweathouse. Six therapeutic, cultural, religious, or historic houses of willow and alder frames with tule mats, purposes, the Task Force recommends that the or of redwood and cedar bark, have also been built. Division of Oil and Gas and the Energy Resources Acorn granaries a_~ constructed of willow lashed Conservation and Development Commission in consulta­ with willow bark, and bulrush covering. tion with the Native American Heritage Commission, the State Office of Historic Preservation of the The dance house is almost completed~8 meters Department of Parks and Recreation, and the Depart­ in diameter, 1.5 meters deep, with an interior ment of Health sponsor legislation which designates rock wall, supporting posts, redwood rafters tied significant hot springs as endangered areas of state­ with honeysuckle, willow branches, matting and wide concern. In this way, the Legislature can finally (still to be done) the adobe outer layer. ensure that certain hot springs, valuablle :for In August, reburial o:f Coast Mivok Indian bones medicinal, therapeutic, cultural, religious, or from Marin archaeological sites was done in a historic purposes, will be adequately protected ceremony conducted by Salina Sherlock of the from the adverse impacts of geothermal development." American Indian Council of Marin, with other Native American participants. With respect to Native American heritage values, the Task Force recommends that governmental agencies More than 30,000 people have seen and participated pre~aring environmental reports on ,o:eothermal p~o- in work at the village, including many school, j ects near significant, known hot springs describe college, and other groups. A set of slides recording to the extent technologically possible the impact of the construction work, research into Coast Miwok the geothermal project on the hot springs •••• "The. material culture, and a number of individual Task Force further recommends that the governmental research projects are a part of the continuing agency approvini>; the geothermal project near a sig­ activities at Kule Lokl0 • nificant hot spring require monitoring of the springs throughout the life of a geothermal project. If geo­ thermal extraction activities result in unreasonable Information from MAPOM News 12/77 change in the temperature, quantity, or quality of and NPS-MAPOM Occasional Bu:lletins, • the springs' waters, the project sponsor should take Noe. 2 and 1, 1977 proper measures to correct the problem." CLYDE KUHN 1/11/78 19 SCA NEWS

MINUTES OF SCA EIXE::UTIVE BOARD MEETING, Jan. 21, 1978 Newman: Jee has written to all those involved Ca.lifornia State University, Fullerton but replies have not been received. It is quite clear to all that the SCA and the Exec. Board • The meeting was called to ord~r by Joe Winter. cannot address itself to the standards of non.­ Present: Joe Winter, Paul Chace, Mike Glassow, rave members or agencies. Fredrickson, Jane Gothold, Nancy Walter, Lori Haney, Keith Dixon, Connie Cameron, Judy SUchey, Jean San Francisco Wastewater: Joe has sent letters of Tadlock. concern asking for peer review. The only reply was from EPA, stating that peer review was not :Business Office: Lori Haney, the new SCA :Business appropriate at this time. Further information Office Manager, was introduced, and asked to feel received indicates that the Advisory Council feels free to call on the board members when she feels it that the City of San Francisco may have broken necessary. its memorandum of agreement. Elections: The following names have been submitted Univ. of Calif. and Calif. State Univ•/College for the ballot: Pres.-Elect: Chuck James, Bill Roop, In-house: A statement of concern has been sent & Ja;y von Werlhof. Northern V.P.: Chester King, concerning faculty having to do on-campus EIR• s. Mike Boynton, & Don Wren. Southern V.P.: Russ Kaldenberg & Richard Norwood. Secreta:i:y: Charles Illicit Traffic in Antiguities: Keith Dixon Bull and Ron May. The boa.rd acknowledged the good reported that no new business has been brought before the committee during the past year. The job done by Russ Kaldenberg and Ed Kandler. The biographies will be put in t.lie next n.ewsletter. It Bowers Museum case (puxchase of smuggled Mexican was also pointed out that all those who are on the antiquities) has now moved to the international ballot will have to be members in good standing. level and the committee will cooperate in pro­ viding information in any investigation or legal The process of t~,king care of the ballots (~. the counting, dues re!lewals, signature on envelope to action as requested by authorities. Letters of verify membership in SCA) was discussed. The Business support were also requested on UNESCO Cultural Office will have the ballots printed up and in the Properties Convention, H.R. 5643. Letters go to mail by Feb. 1. Jane Gothold and Connie Cameron will Members of the SUboommittee on International help. Trade, Sen. Abra.ham Ribicoff, Chairman, Committee on Finance, u.s.senate, Washington, n.c. 20510, 1978 Annual Meeting: The announcements are out, Clearinghouses: Paul Chace reported on his study along with the reservation. forms for rooms. There of Clearinghouses. M/S/P That the Executive is a mailing which should be received within the Board accept the White Paper on SCA District week by all members containing the necessary forms Clearinghouses, Their Creation, Current Status, and information. Dave Fredrickson reported that and Recommendations for the Future. This will the program was shaping up and that many of the be sent to all Districts for comment and will sessions contained good solid research. be covered at the Annual Meeting. • L.A. City Parks and Recreation: Nancy reported Internship Program: Clyde Kuhn has signed the that a memo sent out by Parks & Recreation says California Tomorrow contracts and the SCA memor­ andum of agreement. Clyde officially started on that the SCA District Clearinghouse will be notified and given time to excavate. Joe as Dec. 15th. He is working under the direction of Pres. and Paul as Pres.-Elect will write letters Dave Fredrickson. They have been looking at explaining that this is not an SCA function nor sources of funding and on Dec. 28 met with some of the function of the Clearinghouses. the Calif. Tomorrow staff to discuss the procedures involved in the internship. A progress report went Directory: It was pointed out that several in the first week of Jan. and contacts have been errors were contained in the forms received made with the Calif. Historical Society concerning with some Newsletters. The application sent was their program. A date of Feb. 15 has been estab­ the 1974, not the updated 1976 one ••• It was lished for the rough draft_, and the final draft decided that a revised form should be inserted is due at the Exec. Board meeting on Ma=h 15th. in the next Newsletter along with a note asking if this was a new application or a renewal. SCA Occasional Papers Series: Gary Breschini has the first issue of the Method and Theory series Archives: Roger Kelley did not answer the letter ready for distribution., dated Dec. 1977: "Popu- requesting his aid with the a=hives • . lating of Western North America," by Grover Krantz and "Investigations into Computer Graphics: Environmental Affairs: It was requested of the new chairperson, George Rogers at CSU, Hayward, Archaeological Applications," by Stephen R. Samuels. that he contact Sunset Maga.zine concerning the Distribution and cost were discussed~ The first questions to be resolved concern the number of article which appeared several months ago with SCA 1 s name as well as the names of numerous issues and cost of printing. After this is known, avocational groups. the method of distribution can be better decided. Joe will check with Gary to determine cost and OLD BUSINESS AND COMMITTEE REPORTS: number. It is hoped that this issue will be within the budget, to allow all SCA members to Kuhn/Miller: Mike Glass.ow had hoped to ha.ve the receive the issue as part of their membership. report rearty for the Board by Jan •. 21 but the Cost to non-members was discussed as about S4.50 amount of paperwook did not lend itself to a simple or $5.00. Jane Gothold will also check the clea=ut decision. It took more than 6 months just Treasurer's books to determine the amount in the to get the necessary information. Mike wants to be publication fund. Joe and Paul Chace will work out thorough with the report. So far, he has noted the distribution. several pitfalls on both sides which should be • 20 avoided in the future. The report will be pre­ mainta:ia.nce of collections. Many feel· that the sented to the next Executive Board meeting, and issue murl be restated and several State and an abstract will appear in the following issue Federal Agencies, much less legislation, are in of the Newsletter. effect or under consideration on this issue. Some offices in Sacramento say all burials must NEW BUSINESS: be reinterred and some say no. Several present felt that each case should be looked.at within 1979 Annual Meeting: Paul Chace reported that we its own context; some felt if the Native have a firm offer from San Luis Obispo for the American community wanted reburial, they should 1979 meetings, and that we should also look have it; and some felt that some forni of study into possibilities for 1980 and 1981. was necessary. Understanding the point of view • BLM - Southern Office: Sacramento says that no of the physical anthropologist was also dis­ material from BLM is subject to peer review. cussed at length. It was pointed out that as The abstract is going to be all that will be archaeologists work with the Native American available. In order to review, a vita must be community much misunderstanding is eliminated, submitted and it must be shown that the reviewer but not much work has been done between the is more qualified than those who did the report in physical anthropologist and the Native American question. community. It was pointed out that stored material should be stored with dignity. A need Disposition of Burials and Artifacts: A preamble for a consistent statement for all to use became to a policy on ''Maintenance of Archaeological clear. There will be a symposium at Yosemite Remains" and the policy was passed around for dealing w1 th this issue. Judy will send a note discussion. Also included were copies of reso­ .to the Newsletter regarding the symposium and the lutions passed May 4, 1973, at _an Exec. Boo.rd issue will come back before the board at the meeting concerning"Reinterment of Human Skeletal Remains; the 1976 copy of the By-Laws; a copy meeting following the Annual Meeting. of an article by Judy Suchey which deals with "Osteology and American.Indians" which was Respectfully submitted, printed in Artifact (SLOCAS) Vol. 10, No. 5-6, NANCY P:fil'ERSON W!\LTER May-June 1975. The principle involved is the

The Society for California Archaeology, Inc. is a San Joaguin Valley: Robert A. Schiffman, Department of non-profit scientific and educational organization Anthropology, Bakersfield College, Bakersfield, CA dedicated to promoting the interests of California 93305. archaeology. All statements in the Newsletter, South Central Coast: Robert L, Hoover, Social Sciences published five or six times a year, do not necessarily Department, Calif, Polytechnic State University, • reflect t.he opinion of the SCA unless said statements San Luis Obispo, CA 93407, are signed by the Society's President and Executive Sacramento Valley: Joan Hellen, P.O. Box 453, Davis, CA Committee. All other statements are the opinions of 95616. the Editorial Staff or of the person(s) and/or North Coast: Wendy Van Dusen, 343 Keller Street, #4, organizations whose name appears below each statement. Petaluma, CA 94952. SCA OFFICERS ASSOCIATE EDITORS: President: Joseph c. Winter, Six Rivers National Avocational: Forest, 710 E. Street, Eureka, CA 95501 Geolog;y: David Weide, Department of Geology, University Vice President. Southern California: Michael Glassow, of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV 89109. UC-Santa Barbara, CA 93106 Historic Archaeolog;y: Paul J.F. Schumacher, 200 Vice President, Northern California: David A. Pinehill Road, Hillsborough, CA 94010. Fredr~ckson, California State College, Sonoma, CA Legislation: Dean Gaumer, P.O. Box 69, Davis, CA 95616. Politics & Archaeolog;y: Clyde Kuhn, 2207 Carroll St,, Apt. 3, Oakland, CA 94606, President-Elect: Paul G. Chace, 1823 Kenora Drive, Escondido, CA 92027 BUSINESS OFFICE Secretary: Nancy P. Walter, 17048 Sunburst, Business Office Manager: Lori Haney, SCA Business Office, Northridge, CA 91325 Department of Anthropology, California State University, Fallerton, CA 92634, Treasurer: Jane Gothold, 10121 Pounds Avenue, Whittier, CA 90603 Mm:BERSHIP EDITORIAL STAFF Dues are tax-deductible a.nd are paid on a calendar year basis: Editor: Marcia Wire, Dept. of Anthropology, San Jose ----st;;:'te University, San Jose, CA 95192 Regular Member $15.00 Student Member s 6.oo HEbIONAL EDITORS: Institutional $20.00 Membership San Diego: Ron May, 6044 Estelle St., San Diego, 92115 Los Angeles: Nancy P, Walter, 17048 Sunburst, SCHENK ARCHIVES Northridge, CA 91330. California Desert: Russell L. Kaldenberg, 831 Barstow Schenk A=hives, Treganza Museum, San Francisco • Road, Barstow, CA 92311. State University, San Francisco, CA 94132, 21 .,,~.(." ~. ·~· ,._ • ~~~~ ~ 2L 'fr4~~\~ ~ --v,r~.... ~e.'1'1~ .~ I -,,..-:Jr f}.se Yb t:Reaction- L~ ~ &~ \1\1~; 1.. ·'-&e:, ... . . ~v . ~ (\~"! .~~$ ~ "'~\ ~ (\•\))' "d' ~ "\"~ f..,,<) I ~ I ~o ARE YOU ~~:·: :~~,·~:~~~::?? ~ ~ ~ ~:~.:~.';~,~..,"'.;"",.:m:;: O ...w"'\ent Newsletter, but only a few members ~\ corn• I•. are thinking Of contributing. If ~,c each member could send in something we would really have something! Work in progress? Survey someone else is doing? (we can contact them if we know of it) Anything on • any of the subjects here -or others?? Thanks!

22 The SCA invites ZS!!. to participate in: * Increasing comm:unications * Gaining more consideration of archaeological resources in planning and research • Contributing to public education * * Mainta.:ining ethical standards of profeaaional conduct. All archaeologists should be involved in these activities at the local level, but by participating actively in the SCA you can make major contributions. to your profession and avocation. Most of the work in the Society is accomplished by individual archaeologists working through the Committees and Clearinghouses. ~o increase our co!lllldtment.to professional archaeology, we need your help. We aleo need to know your interests and specialties, so that when a cOlllllittee needs members and a job needs doing, we will know who to contact. So please .fill out this forlll and let us know how you can help other archeologists and aTocationa.listm throu8hout the state in furthering the goals of the Society for California Archaeology.

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Geographic area of interest --.,...... ,,,,_,..--.,.---...... ,,..,,..--...... ,,,.....------.------­ (Southern coast, Desert, Interior valley, lla.y' area, etc.)

Research interests (Historic archaeology, underwater archaeology:, cultural resource ma.nagement, geochronology, ,geology, palynology, zoology, settlement patterns, paleoecology, lithic analysis, etc.)

Collllllittee interests: Marine Archaeology:______Public Education,______By-Laws Historic Archaeology______Speakers' Bureau..,.______Ethics .------Ethnohistory______~ Illicit Antiquities______Archives______• Pleistocene Problems______Geothermal______~ Directory:______Heritage Protection______Publications Legal Aid.,.....,~-.,,.--..,.-- Contract Guidelines.______Native Ameri_c_an__ R,,,-el~a-t~1~·o_n_s------~ Planning & Development__ _ SOPA-NPS Relations______Certification Programs_,,----.,..,.-­ Annual Meetinge'-______State of California.-Resou:rces Agency Regional Clearinghouse Operations Nominations/Elections__ __ Relations·------~

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Northern Coast ------­ Avocational ------~ Sacramento Valley ------~ Geology ------Historic ______....______~ San Joaquin Valley ------~ Legal and Political Affairs Central Coast ------­ Los Angeles ------­ Research ------~ Other suggestions?------San Diego ------­ Desert ------

Other suggestions you would like to make, or other areas in which you would like to v~lunteer: • PLEASE RETIJRN THIS FORM TO PAUL G, CRACE, 1823 Kenora Drive, Escondido, CA 92027 23 SOCIETY FOR CALIFORNIA ARCHAIDLOGY DEPARTMENT OF A.i"QTRROPOLOGY NON PROFIT ORG. CALIFORNIA STATE UNI'lfERSITY U.S. POSTAGE TIJLLERTON, CA 9~634 PAID PERMIT NO, 31 CAMPBELL, CA, •

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