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2006 Florida Plant Disease Management Guide: Spinach1
PDMGV3-48 2006 Florida Plant Disease Management Guide: Spinach1 Richard Raid and Tom Kucharek2 Specific Common Diseases Infection and disease development can be rapid resulting in blackened leaves and/or dead plants, Damping-off (Rhizoctonia solani and especially during wet weather periods. Under less Pythium spp.) favorable weather, infected plants exhibit stunting and creamy yellow leaves. Symptoms: Damping-off disease affects young plants during or after emergence. The causal fungus The pathogen is an obligate parasite that over invades the seed, emerging root, or stem and will seasons in spinach, spinach seed, and through sexual rapidly rot the plant. Emerged plants are often spores in the soil. At least three races of this pathogen invaded at the soil line where a maroon to are known to exist. Preferred weather for fungal reddish-brown lesion (Rhizoctonia) will develop that reproduction is between 45-59° F. Infection requires girdles the stem and causes a seedling to wilt to death. a wet leaf surface. Pythium causes a soft lower stem decay that may be greasy-black in color. Cultural Controls: Exercise crop rotation to avoid overlapping winter and spring spinach crops. Cultural Controls: Insure that all previous crop Hot water treatment of seed at 122° F for 25 and weed debris has completely decomposed prior to minutes will eradicate the seedborne presence of this planting. fungus. Host plant resistance is available, but the development of new races may limit effectiveness. Chemical Controls: See PPP-6. Chemical Controls: See PPP-6. Downy Mildew (Peronospora farinosa f. sp. spinaciae) Mosaic (Cucumber mosaic virus) Symptoms: Lesions begin as indefinite yellow Symptoms: Spinach infected with Cucumber blotches on the upper leaf surface. -
The Flora Mycologica Iberica Project Fungi Occurrence Dataset
A peer-reviewed open-access journal MycoKeys 15: 59–72 (2016)The Flora Mycologica Iberica Project fungi occurrence dataset 59 doi: 10.3897/mycokeys.15.9765 DATA PAPER MycoKeys http://mycokeys.pensoft.net Launched to accelerate biodiversity research The Flora Mycologica Iberica Project fungi occurrence dataset Francisco Pando1, Margarita Dueñas1, Carlos Lado1, María Teresa Telleria1 1 Real Jardín Botánico-CSIC, Claudio Moyano 1, 28014, Madrid, Spain Corresponding author: Francisco Pando ([email protected]) Academic editor: C. Gueidan | Received 5 July 2016 | Accepted 25 August 2016 | Published 13 September 2016 Citation: Pando F, Dueñas M, Lado C, Telleria MT (2016) The Flora Mycologica Iberica Project fungi occurrence dataset. MycoKeys 15: 59–72. doi: 10.3897/mycokeys.15.9765 Resource citation: Pando F, Dueñas M, Lado C, Telleria MT (2016) Flora Mycologica Iberica Project fungi occurrence dataset. v1.18. Real Jardín Botánico (CSIC). Dataset/Occurrence. http://www.gbif.es/ipt/resource?r=floramicologicaiberi ca&v=1.18, http://doi.org/10.15468/sssx1e Abstract The dataset contains detailed distribution information on several fungal groups. The information has been revised, and in many times compiled, by expert mycologist(s) working on the monographs for the Flora Mycologica Iberica Project (FMI). Records comprise both collection and observational data, obtained from a variety of sources including field work, herbaria, and the literature. The dataset contains 59,235 records, of which 21,393 are georeferenced. These correspond to 2,445 species, grouped in 18 classes. The geographical scope of the dataset is Iberian Peninsula (Continental Portugal and Spain, and Andorra) and Balearic Islands. The complete dataset is available in Darwin Core Archive format via the Global Biodi- versity Information Facility (GBIF). -
Effect of the Native Strain of the Predator Nesidiocoris Tenuis Reuter
Assadi et al. Egyptian Journal of Biological Pest Control (2021) 31:47 Egyptian Journal of https://doi.org/10.1186/s41938-021-00395-5 Biological Pest Control RESEARCH Open Access Effect of the native strain of the predator Nesidiocoris tenuis Reuter and the entomopathogenic fungi Beauveria bassiana and Lecanicillium muscarium against Bemisia tabaci (Genn.) under greenhouse conditions in Tunisia Besma Hamrouni Assadi1*, Sabrine Chouikhi1, Refki Ettaib1, Naima Boughalleb M’hamdi2 and Mohamed Sadok Belkadhi1 Abstract Background: The misuse of chemical insecticides has developed the phenomenon of habituation in the whitefly Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) causing enormous economic losses under geothermal greenhouses in southern Tunisia. Results: In order to develop means of biological control appropriate to the conditions of southern Tunisia, the efficacy of the native strain of the predator Nesidiocoris tenuis Reuter (Hemiptera: Miridae) and two entomopathogenic fungi (EPF) Beauveria bassiana and Lecanicillium muscarium was tested against Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius). Indeed, the introduction of N. tenuis in doses of 1, 2, 3, or 4 nymphs per tobacco plant infested by the whitefly led to highly significant reduction in the population of B. tabaci, than the control devoid of predator. The efficacy of N. tenuis was very high against nymphs and adults of B. tabaci at all doses per plant with a rate of 98%. Likewise, B. bassiana and L. muscarium, compared to an untreated control, showed a very significant efficacy against larvae and adults of B. tabaci. In addition, the number of live nymphs of N. tenuis treated directly or introduced on nymphs of B. tabaci treated with the EPF remained relatively high, exceeding 24.8 nymphs per cage compared to the control (28.6). -
The Mitochondrial Genome of the Grape Powdery Mildew Pathogen Erysiphe Necator Is Intron Rich and Exhibits a Distinct Gene Organization Alex Z
www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN The mitochondrial genome of the grape powdery mildew pathogen Erysiphe necator is intron rich and exhibits a distinct gene organization Alex Z. Zaccaron1, Jorge T. De Souza1,2 & Ioannis Stergiopoulos1* Powdery mildews are notorious fungal plant pathogens but only limited information exists on their genomes. Here we present the mitochondrial genome of the grape powdery mildew fungus Erysiphe necator and a high-quality mitochondrial gene annotation generated through cloning and Sanger sequencing of full-length cDNA clones. The E. necator mitochondrial genome consists of a circular DNA sequence of 188,577 bp that harbors a core set of 14 protein-coding genes that are typically present in fungal mitochondrial genomes, along with genes encoding the small and large ribosomal subunits, a ribosomal protein S3, and 25 mitochondrial-encoded transfer RNAs (mt-tRNAs). Interestingly, it also exhibits a distinct gene organization with atypical bicistronic-like expression of the nad4L/nad5 and atp6/nad3 gene pairs, and contains a large number of 70 introns, making it one of the richest in introns mitochondrial genomes among fungi. Sixty-four intronic ORFs were also found, most of which encoded homing endonucleases of the LAGLIDADG or GIY-YIG families. Further comparative analysis of fve E. necator isolates revealed 203 polymorphic sites, but only fve were located within exons of the core mitochondrial genes. These results provide insights into the organization of mitochondrial genomes of powdery mildews and represent valuable resources for population genetic and evolutionary studies. Erysiphe necator (syn. Uncinula necator) is an obligate biotrophic ascomycete fungus that belongs to the Ery- siphaceae family (Leotiomycetes; Erysiphales) and causes grape powdery mildew, one of the most widespread and destructive fungal diseases in vineyards across the world1. -
Fungi and Their Potential As Biological Control Agents of Beech Bark Disease
Fungi and their potential as biological control agents of Beech Bark Disease By Sarah Elizabeth Thomas A thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy School of Biological Sciences Royal Holloway, University of London 2014 1 DECLARATION OF AUTHORSHIP I, Sarah Elizabeth Thomas, hereby declare that this thesis and the work presented in it is entirely my own. Where I have consulted the work of others, this is always clearly stated. Signed: _____________ Date: 4th May 2014 2 ABSTRACT Beech bark disease (BBD) is an invasive insect and pathogen disease complex that is currently devastating American beech (Fagus grandifolia) in North America. The disease complex consists of the sap-sucking scale insect, Cryptococcus fagisuga and sequential attack by Neonectria fungi (principally Neonectria faginata). The scale insect is not native to North America and is thought to have been introduced there on seedlings of F. sylvatica from Europe. Conventional control strategies are of limited efficacy in forestry systems and removal of heavily infested trees is the only successful method to reduce the spread of the disease. However, an alternative strategy could be the use of biological control, using fungi. Fungal endophytes and/or entomopathogenic fungi (EPF) could have potential for both the insect and fungal components of this highly invasive disease. Over 600 endophytes were isolated from healthy stems of F. sylvatica and 13 EPF were isolated from C. fagisuga cadavers in its centre of origin. A selection of these isolates was screened in vitro for their suitability as biological control agents. Two Beauveria and two Lecanicillium isolates were assessed for their suitability as biological control agents for C. -
Lecanicillium Fungicola 150-1, the Causal Agent of Dry Bubble Disease Downloaded From
GENOME SEQUENCES crossm Genome Sequence of Lecanicillium fungicola 150-1, the Causal Agent of Dry Bubble Disease Downloaded from Alice M. Banks,a* Farhana Aminuddin,a Katherine Williams,a Thomas Batstone,a Gary L. A. Barker,a Gary D. Foster,a Andy M. Baileya aSchool of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom ABSTRACT The fungus Lecanicillium fungicola causes dry bubble disease in the http://mra.asm.org/ white button mushroom Agaricus bisporus. Control strategies are limited, as both the host and pathogen are fungi, and there is limited understanding of the interac- tions in this pathosystem. Here, we present the genome sequence of Lecanicillium fungicola strain 150-1. ecanicillium fungicola (Preuss) Zare & Gams [synonym: Verticillium fungicola (Preuss) LHassebrauk] (1), an ascomycete fungus of the order Hypocreales, is the causal agent of dry bubble disease of the white button mushroom Agaricus bisporus, as well as of on September 18, 2020 at Imperial College London other commercially cultivated basidiomycetes (2). Dry bubble disease presents symp- toms that include necrotic lesions on mushroom caps, stipe blowout, and undifferen- tiated tissue masses (2). Some factors involved in this interaction have been proposed based on suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH) and expressed sequence tag (EST) data (3). This disease is of economic importance, causing significant yield/quality losses in the mushroom industry (4). Control methods rely on rigorous hygiene procedures and targeted fungicide treatments; however, increased resistance against these fungi- cides has been reported (5, 6). Recent taxonomic revisions place L. fungicola close to several arthropod- and nematode-pathogenic fungi rather than to plant-pathogenic Verticillium spp. -
A Higher-Level Phylogenetic Classification of the Fungi
mycological research 111 (2007) 509–547 available at www.sciencedirect.com journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/mycres A higher-level phylogenetic classification of the Fungi David S. HIBBETTa,*, Manfred BINDERa, Joseph F. BISCHOFFb, Meredith BLACKWELLc, Paul F. CANNONd, Ove E. ERIKSSONe, Sabine HUHNDORFf, Timothy JAMESg, Paul M. KIRKd, Robert LU¨ CKINGf, H. THORSTEN LUMBSCHf, Franc¸ois LUTZONIg, P. Brandon MATHENYa, David J. MCLAUGHLINh, Martha J. POWELLi, Scott REDHEAD j, Conrad L. SCHOCHk, Joseph W. SPATAFORAk, Joost A. STALPERSl, Rytas VILGALYSg, M. Catherine AIMEm, Andre´ APTROOTn, Robert BAUERo, Dominik BEGEROWp, Gerald L. BENNYq, Lisa A. CASTLEBURYm, Pedro W. CROUSl, Yu-Cheng DAIr, Walter GAMSl, David M. GEISERs, Gareth W. GRIFFITHt,Ce´cile GUEIDANg, David L. HAWKSWORTHu, Geir HESTMARKv, Kentaro HOSAKAw, Richard A. HUMBERx, Kevin D. HYDEy, Joseph E. IRONSIDEt, Urmas KO˜ LJALGz, Cletus P. KURTZMANaa, Karl-Henrik LARSSONab, Robert LICHTWARDTac, Joyce LONGCOREad, Jolanta MIA˛ DLIKOWSKAg, Andrew MILLERae, Jean-Marc MONCALVOaf, Sharon MOZLEY-STANDRIDGEag, Franz OBERWINKLERo, Erast PARMASTOah, Vale´rie REEBg, Jack D. ROGERSai, Claude ROUXaj, Leif RYVARDENak, Jose´ Paulo SAMPAIOal, Arthur SCHU¨ ßLERam, Junta SUGIYAMAan, R. Greg THORNao, Leif TIBELLap, Wendy A. UNTEREINERaq, Christopher WALKERar, Zheng WANGa, Alex WEIRas, Michael WEISSo, Merlin M. WHITEat, Katarina WINKAe, Yi-Jian YAOau, Ning ZHANGav aBiology Department, Clark University, Worcester, MA 01610, USA bNational Library of Medicine, National Center for Biotechnology Information, -
Proposal for Practical Multi-Kingdom Classification of Eukaryotes Based on Monophyly 2 and Comparable Divergence Time Criteria
bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/240929; this version posted December 29, 2017. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY 4.0 International license. 1 Proposal for practical multi-kingdom classification of eukaryotes based on monophyly 2 and comparable divergence time criteria 3 Leho Tedersoo 4 Natural History Museum, University of Tartu, 14a Ravila, 50411 Tartu, Estonia 5 Contact: email: [email protected], tel: +372 56654986, twitter: @tedersoo 6 7 Key words: Taxonomy, Eukaryotes, subdomain, phylum, phylogenetic classification, 8 monophyletic groups, divergence time 9 Summary 10 Much of the ecological, taxonomic and biodiversity research relies on understanding of 11 phylogenetic relationships among organisms. There are multiple available classification 12 systems that all suffer from differences in naming, incompleteness, presence of multiple non- 13 monophyletic entities and poor correspondence of divergence times. These issues render 14 taxonomic comparisons across the main groups of eukaryotes and all life in general difficult 15 at best. By using the monophyly criterion, roughly comparable time of divergence and 16 information from multiple phylogenetic reconstructions, I propose an alternative 17 classification system for the domain Eukarya to improve hierarchical taxonomical 18 comparability for animals, plants, fungi and multiple protist groups. Following this rationale, 19 I propose 32 kingdoms of eukaryotes that are treated in 10 subdomains. These kingdoms are 20 further separated into 43, 115, 140 and 353 taxa at the level of subkingdom, phylum, 21 subphylum and class, respectively (http://dx.doi.org/10.15156/BIO/587483). -
Revisions to the Classification, Nomenclature, and Diversity of Eukaryotes
University of Rhode Island DigitalCommons@URI Biological Sciences Faculty Publications Biological Sciences 9-26-2018 Revisions to the Classification, Nomenclature, and Diversity of Eukaryotes Christopher E. Lane Et Al Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.uri.edu/bio_facpubs Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology ISSN 1066-5234 ORIGINAL ARTICLE Revisions to the Classification, Nomenclature, and Diversity of Eukaryotes Sina M. Adla,* , David Bassb,c , Christopher E. Laned, Julius Lukese,f , Conrad L. Schochg, Alexey Smirnovh, Sabine Agathai, Cedric Berneyj , Matthew W. Brownk,l, Fabien Burkim,PacoCardenas n , Ivan Cepi cka o, Lyudmila Chistyakovap, Javier del Campoq, Micah Dunthornr,s , Bente Edvardsent , Yana Eglitu, Laure Guillouv, Vladimır Hamplw, Aaron A. Heissx, Mona Hoppenrathy, Timothy Y. Jamesz, Anna Karn- kowskaaa, Sergey Karpovh,ab, Eunsoo Kimx, Martin Koliskoe, Alexander Kudryavtsevh,ab, Daniel J.G. Lahrac, Enrique Laraad,ae , Line Le Gallaf , Denis H. Lynnag,ah , David G. Mannai,aj, Ramon Massanaq, Edward A.D. Mitchellad,ak , Christine Morrowal, Jong Soo Parkam , Jan W. Pawlowskian, Martha J. Powellao, Daniel J. Richterap, Sonja Rueckertaq, Lora Shadwickar, Satoshi Shimanoas, Frederick W. Spiegelar, Guifre Torruellaat , Noha Youssefau, Vasily Zlatogurskyh,av & Qianqian Zhangaw a Department of Soil Sciences, College of Agriculture and Bioresources, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, S7N 5A8, SK, Canada b Department of Life Sciences, The Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London, SW7 5BD, United Kingdom -
A 1969 Supplement
Supplement to Raudabaugh et al. (2021) – Aquat Microb Ecol 86: 191–207 – https://doi.org/10.3354/ame01969 Table S1. Presumptive OTU and culture taxonomic match and distribution. Streams1 Peatlands1 Culture Phylum Class OTU Taxonomic determination HC NP PR BB TV BM Ascomycota Archaeorhizomycetes Archaeorhizomyces sp. X X X X X Ascomycota Arthoniomycetes X X Arthothelium spectabile X Ascomycota Dothideomycetes Allophoma sp. X X Alternaria alternata X X X X X X Alternaria sp. X X X X X X Ampelomyces quisqualis X Ascochyta medicaginicola var. X macrospora Aureobasidium pullulans X X X X Aureobasidium thailandense X X Barriopsis fusca X Biatriospora mackinnonii X X Bipolaris zeicola X X Boeremia exigua X X Boeremia exigua X Calyptrozyma sp. X Capnobotryella renispora X X X X Capnodium sp.. X Cenococcum geophilum X X X X Cercospora sp. X Cladosporium cladosporioides X Cladosporium dominicanum X X X X Cladosporium iridis X Cladosporium oxysporum X X X Cladosporium perangustum X Cladosporium sp. X X X Coniothyrium carteri X Coniothyrium fuckelii X 1 Supplement to Raudabaugh et al. (2021) – Aquat Microb Ecol 86: 191–207 – https://doi.org/10.3354/ame01969 Streams1 Peatlands1 Culture Phylum Class OTU Taxonomic determination HC NP PR BB TV BM Ascomycota Dothideomycetes Coniothyrium pyrinum X Coniothyrium sp. X Curvularia hawaiiensis X Curvularia inaequalis X Curvularia intermedia X Curvularia trifolii X X X X Cylindrosympodium lauri X Dendryphiella sp. X Devriesia pseudoamerica X X Devriesia sp. X X X Devriesia strelitziicola X Didymella bellidis X X X Didymella boeremae X Didymella sp. X X X Diplodia X Dothiorella sp. X X Endoconidioma populi X X Epicoccum nigrum X X X X X X X Epicoccum plurivorum X X X Exserohilum pedicellatum X Fusicladium effusum X Fusicladium sp. -
Notes, Outline and Divergence Times of Basidiomycota
Fungal Diversity (2019) 99:105–367 https://doi.org/10.1007/s13225-019-00435-4 (0123456789().,-volV)(0123456789().,- volV) Notes, outline and divergence times of Basidiomycota 1,2,3 1,4 3 5 5 Mao-Qiang He • Rui-Lin Zhao • Kevin D. Hyde • Dominik Begerow • Martin Kemler • 6 7 8,9 10 11 Andrey Yurkov • Eric H. C. McKenzie • Olivier Raspe´ • Makoto Kakishima • Santiago Sa´nchez-Ramı´rez • 12 13 14 15 16 Else C. Vellinga • Roy Halling • Viktor Papp • Ivan V. Zmitrovich • Bart Buyck • 8,9 3 17 18 1 Damien Ertz • Nalin N. Wijayawardene • Bao-Kai Cui • Nathan Schoutteten • Xin-Zhan Liu • 19 1 1,3 1 1 1 Tai-Hui Li • Yi-Jian Yao • Xin-Yu Zhu • An-Qi Liu • Guo-Jie Li • Ming-Zhe Zhang • 1 1 20 21,22 23 Zhi-Lin Ling • Bin Cao • Vladimı´r Antonı´n • Teun Boekhout • Bianca Denise Barbosa da Silva • 18 24 25 26 27 Eske De Crop • Cony Decock • Ba´lint Dima • Arun Kumar Dutta • Jack W. Fell • 28 29 30 31 Jo´ zsef Geml • Masoomeh Ghobad-Nejhad • Admir J. Giachini • Tatiana B. Gibertoni • 32 33,34 17 35 Sergio P. Gorjo´ n • Danny Haelewaters • Shuang-Hui He • Brendan P. Hodkinson • 36 37 38 39 40,41 Egon Horak • Tamotsu Hoshino • Alfredo Justo • Young Woon Lim • Nelson Menolli Jr. • 42 43,44 45 46 47 Armin Mesˇic´ • Jean-Marc Moncalvo • Gregory M. Mueller • La´szlo´ G. Nagy • R. Henrik Nilsson • 48 48 49 2 Machiel Noordeloos • Jorinde Nuytinck • Takamichi Orihara • Cheewangkoon Ratchadawan • 50,51 52 53 Mario Rajchenberg • Alexandre G. -
Biocontrol Fungi in Reducing the Population Density Of
G.J.B.A.H.S.,Vol.3(3):246-251 (July-September, 2014) ISSN: 2319 – 5584 BIOCONTROL FUNGI IN REDUCING THE POPULATION DENSITY OF THE COTTON WHITE FLY ON COWPEAS *Hadi Alwan Mohammed Alsaidy¹, Nuhad Asis Alumairy², Firyal Bahjet ³, Hussain Ali Alanbugy⁴ ¹’²,Departement of Animal Resources. Colloge of Agriculture. University of Diyala. Baquba. IRAQ, ³Dep.of plant protection. Colloge of Agric.Univ. of Baghdad., 4Dep. Of Soil. Colloge of Agric. Univ. of Diyala. *Corresponding Author ABSTRACT This study was conducted for the period from April to June 2013 in the village of Mouradia - Diyala Province / Iraq, to study the effect of isolation fungus Beauveria bassiana (BSA3) Carried on the Millet seeds in concentration 1 × 10⁸ and the commercial product Mycotal’s fungus Licanecillium muscarium concentration of 1 × 10⁷ And bio-pesticide Spinosad utilization rate 0.25 ml / l and the pesticide chemical Hatchi hatchi in reducing the population density of nymphs and adults whitefly Bemisia tabaci, the commercial product Mycotal Excelled significant differences on treatments in other biological treatments reduce the population density of whitefly nymphs with 63%, followed by treatment Spinosad and pathogenic fungus B. bassiana 52% and 44.67%, respectively. And the results show the effect of the treatments in the number of whitefly adults of B. tabaci, where all treatments excelled significantly on the comparison treatment. Also the treatment of the commercial product Mycotal affected in reducing the density of whitefly adults 53%, which significantly excelled on the Spinosad treatment 48.73%, followed by fungus B. bassiana (BSA3) treatment 32.1%. The study proved that the spraying of these pesticides to once may be enough in reducing the community to the extent of pest ambition.