The Superiority in Christian Grey in The Trilogy by EL James

Dewi Maharani Indah R Nurochman Ni Luh Putu Setiarini Gunadarma University Gunadarma University Gunadarma University Jl. Margonda Raya 100 Jl. Margonda Raya 100 Jl. Margonda Raya 100 Depok Depok Depok 16424 16424 16424 [email protected] [email protected] [email protected]

ABSTRACT In Superiority is a constant effort to be better, to approach the purpose of what people want to achieve. People try hard not to be better, but to control. This study is aimed to find (1) the characters of Christian Grey, (2) the forms of expression of superiority from Christian Grey, and (3) the factors that influence the appearances of the superiority in Christian Grey. The researcher uses descriptive qualitative method in conducting the research. The sources of the data are taken from Fifty Shades trilogy. The researcher collects the data by reading the Fifty Shades trilogy one by one,marks down the dialogue and line in the novel, classifying the data that shows (1) the characters of Christian Grey, (2) the forms of expression of superiority from Christian Grey, and (3) the factors that influence the appearances of the superiority in Christian Grey, and makes sure that the finding is exactly right to answer the problem formulatio by referring back to the theory itself. The researcher found data that can answer the three of problem formulation. The first finding is the characters in Christian Grey. There are 12 characters that was found by the researcher in Christian Grey, they are self- confident, arrogant, bossy, romantic, caring, mysterious, selfish, generous, control freak, hotheaded, stubborn and kind-hearted. The second finding is such as Self-Confident, Arrogant, Bossy, Romantic, Caring, Mysterious, Selfish, Generous, Control Freak, Hotheaded, Stubborn and Kind-Hearted. The second finding is the form of expression of superiority from Christian Grey that can be seen in three forms, that are: Attitude, Thoughts, and Face Expression. The last finding, the researcher found the factors that influence the superiority in Christian Grey are: Dark Past Time. In the dark past time, the writer divided into three parts, such as: Tormented, Sexual Violence, and Poorness, (2) Succesful, (3) Wealth, (4) Power. Keywords: Superiority, Character, Characteristic

Literature relates to intrinsic and 1. INTRODUCTION extrinsic elements. Nurgiyantoro (2002) 1.1 Background of The Study said that the intrinsic elements are the As we know that novel is one of the most elements that build its own literature. interesting book to read. Novel is Meanwhile, extrinsic elements of already familiar for those who love to literature are things that are beyond read. Novel contains a complex story the literary structure, but greatly that can invite readers to imagine. affect the literary work. For example, Novels can inform the story more the background factors of the author’s details, define something freely, and life, economic factors and so on. involve more complex problems In this research, the researcher (Nurgiyantoro, 2005: 11). interests to observe futher the one of intrinsic elements in novel, namely

100 Indah, Nurochman, Setiarini, The Superiority in... character. According to Horton (1982: 1.4 Previous Research 12), character means personality the overall attitude, feelings, expression, Anggo Tri Kusumawati in 2007 wrote the and temperament. Attitude, feelings, paper that has title “Superioritas Tokoh expression, and temperament that will Utama Dalam Novel Chijin No Ai Karya manifest in a person's actions when they Tanizaki Junichiro (Tinjauan Kritik are faced with certain situations. The Sastra Feminis Ideologis)”. The purpose character in the novel is portrayed by of this study are: 1. Knowing the the author called the characterization. character of Naomi as the main Characterization made the reader know character, which is the background of how story goes and how the character’s superiority behavior, 2. Knowing Naomi’s characteristic is. behavior that indicates superiority The researcher wants to analyze one against Joji, 3. Reviewing Naomi of the intrinsic elements of the behavior that shows the superiority in character in a literary work is novel terms of ideological feminist literary based on the Individual Psychology criticism, whether it is in accordance Theory by Alfred Adler. Alfred Adler with the image and stereotype of the Explains the seven principles by using a Japanese woman or not. theory of individual psychology, one of This study is a qualitative the theories called a superiority methods. The data obtained the following principle. conclusions: 1. Excess on the physical Superiority is a constant effort to character Naomi has prompted him to act be better, to approach the purpose of superior, 2. Naomi superiority shown by what people want to achieve. People try the dominance of the Joji, 3. When the hard not to be better, but to control. terms of the ideological feminist By striving to be a superior, people literary criticism, Naomi behavior which feel themselves completely. Superiority shows the superiority contrary to the is reflected in one of the characters image and stereotype of Japanese women. portrayed in the Fifty Shades Trilogy by EL James from the United Kingdom, namely 1.5 Position of The Research Christian Grey. Compared to the research that was done by Anggo Tri Kusumawati (2007), her 1.2 Problem Formulation research is different from the writer’s The problem formulation in this study research. Her research is to know the are: character in main character, which is the background of superiority behavior,

1. What is the characterization know character’s behavior that indicates portrayed in Christian Grey superiority and review character’s portrayed in Christian Grey? behavior that shows the superiority in

2. What are the forms of expression the terms of ideological feminist of superiority from Christian literary critism, while the writer’s Grey? research is analyze the characterization

3. What are the factors that portrayed in character, the forms of influences the appearances of expression of superiority from character superiority in Christian Grey? and the factors influence the 1.3 Objective of the Research superiority appears in character using Alfred Adler theory, namely Psychology The objective in this study are: Individual. 1. To find out the characterization 2. LITERATURE REVIEW portrayed in Christian Grey 2.1 Definition of Literature and 2. To find out the forms of expression of superiority from by Novel Christian Grey Literature has been widely known by many 3. To find out factors influence the people and experts. The word appearances of the superiority in ‘literature’ is derived from the word Christian Grey ‘littera’ in Latin, which means letter. It refers to the written or printed words. According to Semi (1988:8), the

Jurnal Ilmiah Sastra Volume 4. No. 1, Juni 2016 101 literature is a form of creative art and 2.3 Psychology Literature the work of the object is human and life using the language as a medium. Based on Psychology literature is the analysis of Taum (1997:13), literature is a work of the text by considering the relevance fiction which is imaginative and and role of psychological studies. literature is beautiful and a useful According to Ratna (2004: 350), the language use that signifies other psychology literature is the analysis of things. the text by considering the relevance and role of psychological studies. This Novel is work of fiction prose means that psychology plays an important written in a narrative, usually in the role when analyzing a literary work by form of a story. Sudjiman (1998: 53) working from the corner of the said that the novel is a prose fiction psychiatric literature the author either that presents a character and displays a of the elements, characters or readers. series of events and the background are composed. Novel as a work of imaginative In this psychology literature, the reveals the aspects of deep humanitarian researcher identified several theories and present subtly. Novel is not only as that can be used to analyze the an entertainment tool, but also as an psychology in literary works of various art form that is studying and elements. However, the researcher researching aspects of life and the thought that this research is very values of good and bad (moral) in this suitable to use the theory of Individual life and directs the reader of noble Psychology by Alfred Adler. character. 2.2 Instrinsic and Extrinsic 2.4 Individual Psychology Elements In this study, the researcher wants to According to Nurgiyantoro (2005:23) analyze the character in the novel which instrinsic element are the elements that based on the theory of Individual build literary work itself. Intrinsic Psychology by Alfred Adler. Adler said element is what causes the present in his book entitled Journal of literature as literature. The elements Humanistic Psychology that humans are are theme, character and social beings. Individual is formed by characterization, plot, setting, style the social environment and the unique of language, point of view and message. interaction, not by efforts to achieve a biological satisfaction. According to Besides intrinsic elements, Adler, the main of individual are extrinsic elements are essential conscious human beings have the freedom elements that establish a literary work. to organize themselves and set Wellek and Werren (in Nurgiyantoro, themselves on purpose, not governed by 2005:24) said that the extrinsic element external factors that can not be consists of a number of elements. They controlled. are author’s biography, psychology, environmental conditions of author, such Adler, in his Journal of Humanistic as political, economic and social and Psychology (1990) classifying individual the view of life of a nation. theory into seven principles, namely : 1. Inferiority Principle In a literary work, the authors certainly presents characterizations in 2. Superiority Principle different ways. According to Minderop 3. Life Style Principle (2005: 3), characterization of the character can be reviewed by the five 4. Creative Self Principle methods namely, the direct method 5. Conscious Self Principle (telling), the indirect method 6. Fictional Goals Principle (showing), point of view method, stream of consciousness and figurative language 7. Social Interest Principle study method.

102 Indah, Nurochman, Setiarini, The Superiority in...

2.5 Superiority Principle This novel was written by E.L James. Those novels helped the writer a lot to Superiority principle is one of the do this study. was individual psychology theories stated by published in 2011 in the United Kingdom Alfred Adler. Looked superiority by Vintage Books, Fifty Shades Darker principle separate from inferiority was published in 2012 in the United principle is wrong, because these two Kingdom by Vintage Books and Fifty principles is closely and complementary. Shades Freed was published in 2012 in However, as a principle, the two terms the United Kingdom by Vintage Books are different, so that the discussion (April 17, 2012) and Arrow Books (April was distinguished, despite in 26, 2012). The novels’ genre is erotic operational is can not be separated. romance and was written by E.L James. Adler assumed that human are aggressive and should always aggressive when they Meanwhile, to complete the data and want to survive. Then, this aggressive theories, the writer used some books and impulsive grows into the impulsive to internet which are related to the topic. find impetus to find strength, both physically and symbolically to survive. People want power and from this concept 4. RESULT AND DISCUSSION grows that people expect to reach 4.1 Characteristic of Christian superior. Grey Adler thought that superior The characters have an important role in impulsive is an effort to leave a story. According to Abrams (in inferiority feeling, but superior in Nurgiyantoro 1995: 165) characters are here is not a power to surpass others, the people who appear in a work of but an effort to reach the superior narrative or drama by readers of the condition and is not always to compete moral quality and certain tendencies as with others. This superiority is expressed in words and actions. Based on superior on self. People have many such understanding, the characters are different way to be a superior. Adler fictitious individual who has a considered this is a lifestyle. This particular character and behavior of lifestyle followed by a combination of perpetrators who experienced the events two things, namely the inner self driven in the story. behaviors that set the direction and One of the problem formulations encouragement from the environment that which will be answered in this chapter would increase or inhibit the impulse by is what is the characterization the inside. Looked superiority principle portrayed in Christian Grey in the Fifty separate from inferiority principle. Shades Trilogy. The characterization will be illustrate the characteristic in character in a story. According to 3. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY Nurgiyantoro, the characters may be the 3.1 Research Design characteristics of the characters in the The method used in this research is story. However, in this study the writer descriptive qualitative method. only focused on the characteristics of According to I Made Wirartha (2006:155) Christian Grey. The researcher analyzes descriptive qualitative is a method to these characteristics based on a analyze, describe, and summarize the characterization theory by Minderop: various conditions, situations and 1. Self Confident various data collected in the form of According to Kamus Besar Bahasa results or observations, interview or Indonesia, self-confident is a person’s studied problems that occur in the deep feeling that they were able to do field. something useful both for themselves and 3.2 Source of Data others. The researcher found self- As the source of data, the writer used confident in character of Christian Grey Fifty Shades trilogy, they are Fifty that shown by the dialogues between him Shades of Grey, Fifty Shades Darker and and others. The researcher know about Fifty Shades Freed as the main data. this characteristic by looking the novel

Jurnal Ilmiah Sastra Volume 4. No. 1, Juni 2016 103 by the telling and showing stated by entertaining, I glower inwardly, walking Minderop. into the foyer. I’m surprised when he 2. Arrogant follows me out. Andrea and Olivia both look up, equally surprised. (Fifty According to Oxford Advanced Shades of Grey – 1:16) Learner’s Dictionary, arrogant means behaving in a proud, unpleasant way, 6. Mysterious showing little thought for other people According to Oxford Advanced “I employ over forty thousand people, Learner’s Dictionary, mysterious is Miss Steele. That gives me a certain (especially of people) strange and sense of responsibility-power, if you interesting because you do not know much will. If I were to decide I was no about them. longer interested in the “Would your friends say you’re easy to telecommunications business and sell, get to know?” And I regret the question twenty thousand people would struggle to as soon as I say it. Its’ not on Kate’s make their mortgage payments after a list. I’m a very private person, Miss month or so.” (Fifty Shades of Grey - Steele. I go a long way to protecy my 1:11) privacy. I don’t often give interviews…” 3. Bossy (Fifty Shades of Grey – 1:12). According to Oxford Advanced 7. Selfish Learner’s Dictionary, bossy is always Selfish means put yourself in the telling people what to do; fond of middle of the goal and do not care about giving people orders; domineering. the suffering of others, including his “You need to eat. That’s why you were so loved or who is considered a close ill. Honestyly, it’s drinking rule friend. Oxford Advanced Learner’s number one”. Dictionary stated that selfish is caring only about yourself rather than about 4. Romantic other people. A word of selfish sense According to Oxford Advanced have a negative meaning. Learner’s Dictionary, romantic is (of “But I’m a selfish man. I’ve wanted you people) showing feelings of love. since you fell into my office. You are “Ana, there’s a package for you.” exquisite, honest, warm, strong, witty, I open the parcel, and inside I find a beguilingly innocent; the list is half leather box containing three endless. I am in awe of you. I want you, seemingly identical old cloth-covered and the thought of anyone else having boks in mint condition and a plain white you is like a knife twisting in my dark card. Written on one side, in black ink soul. (Fifty Shades Darker – 2:36) in neat cursive handwriting, is : Why 8. Generous didn’t you tell me there was danger? Why Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary didn’t you warn me? Ladies know what to stated that generous is giving or guard against, because they read novels willing to give freely; given freely. that tell them of these tricks. “Christian, why do you think you have a 5. Caring dark soul? I would never say that. Sad According to Oxford Advanced maybe, but you’re a good man. I can see Learner’s Dictionary, caring means that . . . you’re generous, you’re kind, kind, helpful and showing that you care and you’ve never lied to me. And I about other people. This caring trait is haven’t tried very hard.” (Fifty Shades owned by Christian Grey. It is one of Darker – 2:36) the good characteristic in himself. 9. Control Freak “Just ensuring you make it through the door, Miss Steele.” He gives me a small The writer found another smile. Obviously, he’s referring to my characteristic in Christian Grey. It is earlier less-than-elegant entry into his control freak. According to Oxford office. I flush.“That’s very Advanced Learner’s Dictionary, control considerate, Mr. Grey,” I snap, and his freak means a person who always wants to smile widens. I’m glad you find me be in control of their own and others’

104 Indah, Nurochman, Setiarini, The Superiority in... lives, and to organize how things are more powerful, greater, etc.than others, done. while Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia “You sound like a control freak.” The stated that superiority supremacy; words are out of my mouth before can majority. stop them. In this chapter, the writer wants to “Oh, I exercise control in all things, analyzed to solve the second problem Miss Steele”. formulation that superior that shows by 10. Hotheaded Christian Grey in the novel. Grey has many things in his life so that he feel Hotheaded is a person who often acts he is superior than others. too quickly, without thinking of what might happen, having There are many dialogues or scene an impetuous or quick-tempered nature: that writer found in the novel that shows the superiorities in Christian “Oh yes. He was very hotheaded when he Grey. The writer refers to the theory of was younger.” She shudders (Fifty Shades Individual Psychology by Alfred Adler, Darker – 7:147). where people wants to be superior. 11. Stubborn Christian Grey, with any wealth that he According to Oxford Advanced owned surely made him to be superior. Learner’s Dictionary, stubborn means 1. Attittude having or The writer see the forms of showing dogged determination not expression of superiority from Christian to change one’s attitude or position on Grey by looking some aspects. One of the something, especially in spite of good aspects is an attitude. The writer knows reasons to do so. the superiority shown in Christian Grey “Because we’re getting to know each based on his attitude. One of the other, and you’re stubborn and dialogue that writer found in the novel cantankerous and moody and difficult,” I that shows the superiority in Christian murmur breathlessly, shifting my head to Grey based on his attitude. The first give him better access to my throat. He thing is attittude. runs his nose down my neck, and I feel “If you’re looking for your jeans, I’ve his smile. sent them to the laundry.” His gaze is “I’m all those things, Miss Steele. It’s dark. a wonder you put up with me.” (Fifty “Oh.” I flush scarlet. Why oh why does Shades Darker – 12:267) he always catch me off balance? 12. Kind Hearted “I sent Taylor out for another pair and some shoes. They’re in the bag on the According to Oxford Advanced chair.” (Fifty Shades of Grey – 5:6). Learner’s Dictionary, kind-hearted is having a kind and sympathetic nature. 2. Expression No, no, he’s not. I bristle internally. The other aspects that the He’s not dark. He’s a good man, and he’s researcher found as forms of expression not in the dark. He’s joined me in the of superiority from him. The writer light. And now she’s here, trying to found many evidence that histhought drag him back with some warped idea that shown the forms of superiority in she loves him. (Fifty Shades Darker – himself in dialogues in novel. One of 15:360) the dialogues is when Christian was 4.2 The Forms of Expression of interviewed by Anastasia Steele in his Superiority office. Superiority is the form of attitude “Business is all about people, Miss which people feel better than others. Steele, and I’m very good at judging According to Oxford Advanced Learner’s people. I know how they tick, what makes Dictionary is show by your behaviour them flourish, what doesn’t, what that you think you are better than inspires them, and how to incentivize others. Superiority is the state or them. I employ an exceptional team, and quality of being better, more skilful, I reward them well.” He pauses and fixes me with his gray stare. “My belief is to

Jurnal Ilmiah Sastra Volume 4. No. 1, Juni 2016 105 achieve success in any scheme one has to driven by the factors which shape make oneself master of that scheme, know human’s behavior and encourage them to it inside and out, know every detail. I achieve superiority. work hard, very hard to do that. I make Christian Grey is a character that decisions based on logic and facts. I shows superiority in himself based on have a natural gut instinct that can the Fifty Shades trilogy. After read all spot and nurture a good solid idea and of the novels, the writer knows that good people. The bottom line is, it’s there are many factors that was driven always down to good people.” (Fifty Christian shows the superiority. Shades of Grey – 1:10) 1. Dark Past Time 3. Face Expression Christian Grey is known as a The writer knows the superiority successful young entrepreneur. He looks shown in Christian Grey by looking his handsome, prestigious, smart, brave, face expression. A person who is impressive. He is a rich man. He is a superior always shows their expression CEO in his own company namely Grey as an expression shows indirectly that Entreprises Holdings. He has many car, the other person is not better than helicopter and he funds a lot of them. Face expression can show how research. However, behind his person feel themselves is superior. achievement, he has ever been “Don’t you have a board to answer to?” I experienced dark past time when he was a ask, disgusted. child and teenager. Christian Grey has “I own my company. I don’t have to been through the dark past time when he answer to a board.” He raises an eyebrow was young. This dark past time divided at me (Fifty Shades of Grey – 1:11). into some parts to describe cleary what Christian Grey has been through until he can be a superior. 4.3 The Factors Influence the Appearance of the Superiority A. Torment In dark past time, Christian Grey Superiority is one of the interesting ever been experienced tormented. topics to analyzed. Alfred Adler stated Torment cause to experience sever in his Journal of Humanistic Psychology mental or physical suffering. in his Individual Psychology Theory. One Tormented is certainly the one that of them is Superiority Principle. forms the Christian personality as a Superiority principle relates into superior. He was trying to beat his inferiority principle. Adler dark past by being superior for (Suryabrata, 1993: 220) explains that himself or for others. There are inferiority is any less valuable sense some tormented that was experienced arising from the inability of by Christian Grey. The writer found psychological or social or subjectively the dialogue that shows Christian perceived as less than perfect physical Grey has a trauma that caused by state. The inferiority appears in a torture that he experienced. The humans life, but people try to tormented that was experienced by compensate their weakness with their all Christian as mental and physical power. In this effort, the compensation suffering. One of the evindences is decided by lifestyle and effort to be that shows Christian Grey has ever superior. be tormented in his past time can Someone who is superior usually has seen below. When Christian looked at been through the phases of inferiorit. her mom that was hits by her pimp. They know their weaknesses and try to B. Sexual Violence compensate to turn it into a better thing so they get a positive result. The There are several factors that urge to be superior this is an attempt influence the appearances of the to leave a feeling of inferiority superiority in Christian Grey. After because people want a power and reading the novel, the writer perfection. Superior is not the power to realized that there are some aspects exceed other people, but efforts to influence why superiority appears in achieve a superior in self that was

106 Indah, Nurochman, Setiarini, The Superiority in...

himself. One of the factors is a C. Poorness sexual violence factor. Another thing that happened in A long time ago, Christian is a Christian Grey’s past time is poor child. His biological mother is poornerss. He has ever been feel a slut and have been passed away hunger and could not eat anything. years ago, and his biological father He lived with deprivation. The always do a violence to him and his writer found some dialogues that mother. After his mother passed shows Christian Grey is a poor child away, Christian was adopted by a before he was adopted. couple namely Grace and Clark. As an “Sometimes in the dreams she’s just adopted child, Christian grew up lying on the floor. And I think with a lot of love and adequace of she’s asleep. But she doesn’t move. his parents, but without realizing She never moves. And I’m hungry. by his parents. Christian got any Really hungry.” (Fifty Shades Darker sexual violence by his mother’s – 15:345) friend namely Mrs. Robinson. He got many sexual violence called BDSM. 2. Succesful BDSM is an acronym of Bondage and A person who is a superior always Discipline, SADISM and Masochism through many experiences in their lives. (bondage, discipline, sadistic and They must be have an inferiority feeling masochistic). This term is a sexual that push them to be better and reach practice that involves pain during the perfection called as superiority. sex and violence and hurt themselves Christian Grey has been through his or couples to achieve satisfaction. inferiority time in his childhood. After The sexual violence that was he has been through his inferiority experienced by Christian since his feeling, he passed any succesfull in his childhood by his mother’s friend is life as an entrepreneur in his own really made him as a dominant company. character in the Fifty Shades Based on his past life, Christian trilogy. luckily was adopted by a rich family, Based on the characteristic that but his successful is not he gets was made by the writer in Christian without an effort. He ever felt how Grey, one of them is control-freak. became poor, how feel hunger and he In the game of BDSM, there is knows how hard his life is. After he was divided into two parts, they are adopted, his adoptive parents send him master (dominant) and slave into the school. After all, he majored (submissive). The dominant holds in economics at Harvard. Based on his control over all activities, while title, he tried to build things and now submissive loses its power over the he proved that he can be successful in body and mind. During experienced his business. Build a company is not sexual violence by Mrs. Robinson, easy, but Christian with his ambition Grey acts as a submissive. make it happened. For many years that he has been After Christian Grey has been through until Mrs. Robinson did not through his inferiority feeling, he has do any sexual violence anymore, an ambition with his new family. He Christian traumas and his proved it and get majored in economics experienced made him as a dominant then made him try to do business and character. His experiences as a has his own company. Finally, after he submissive in sexual violence made was trying so hard, he got an him as a control-freak person. He achievement in his life, a succesfull. wants to control a lot of things to After reading the novel, the writer show that he is a dominant. This knows that Christian compensate his experiences made a superiority in dark past time by work hard and he himself. There are a lot of proved that he reached the succesfull evidences that the writer found that as young entrepreneur. His successful Christian experienced any sexual is not he got easily without an effort. violence in the novel.

Jurnal Ilmiah Sastra Volume 4. No. 1, Juni 2016 107

He works hard to success and he owned “Do you feel that you have immense his company. power? 3. Wealth “I employ over forty thousand people, A person who successfully certainly Miss Steele. That gives me a certain has a wealth. Christian Grey known as a sense of responsibility power, if you successful entrepreneur. His age is will. If I were to decide I was no still very young, but he has reached longer interested in the many achievement in his life. Successful telecommunications business and sell, made Christian Grey as a rich man. He twenty thousand people would struggle to has much money, transportation and etc. make their mortgage payments after a His wealth is one of the factors that month or so.” (Fifty Shades of Grey - influences the superiority appears in 1:11) Christian Grey. He has been lived poorly and after he was adopted by a rich 5. CONCLUSION AND FUTURE RESEARCH family, he works hard and reach successful and become one of the richest 5.1 Conclusion entrepreneur. From the discusscion in chapter four, the researcher concludes that : There The writer found some evidences that are many characteristic that found by shows Christian Grey is a rich man. His the researcher in Christian Grey in wealth made him as superior and feel Fifty Shades Trilogy by using the that he is better than others. One of telling and showing method. The the evidences is when Ana is picking up characteristics that was found helped her backpack, she wander upstairs to her the researcher to find out how exactly bedroom and check out the walk-in Christian Grey is and his behavior when closet. It’s still full of clothes-all he was dealing with other people and brand new with price tags still face a problem. There are some attached. characters that was discovered by the “I check the tag on one of the evening researcher in Christian Grey, they are: dresses: $2,998. Holy fuck. I sink to (1) Self-Confident, (2) Arrogant, (3) the floor.” Bossy, (4) Romantic, (5) Caring, (6) “This isn’t me. I put my head in my Mysterious, (7) Selfish, (8) Generous, hands and try to process the last few (9) Control Freak, (10) Hotheaded, (11) hours. It’s exhausting. Why, oh why, Stubborn and (12) Kind-Hearted. have I fallen for someone who is plain Besides the characters that found by crazy-beautiful, sexy as fuck, richer the researcher in Christian Grey, the than Croesus, and crazy with capital K?” researcher found the forms of expression (Fifty Shades Darker – 5:104) of superiority based on the dialogue 4. Power that shows in the novel. Before the There is another factor that researcher analyze the form of influence the appearance of superiority expression of the superiority from in Christian Grey. Based on the novel Christian Grey, the thing must be done was read by the writer, the writer know is know the characters of Christian that besides any sexual violence, dark Grey. Next, the researcher re-read the past time, successful and wealth, there novel for many times and lined that the is another factor such power that form of expression of superiority that influences the appearance of superiority shown by Christian Grey can be seen in in Christian Grey. The power he has three form, that are: (1) Attitude, (2) makes him feel superior than others. He Thoughts, and (3) Face Expression. thought that he can do many things The last, the researcher found the because of his power. This supported by factors that influence the superiority some dialogues and narration that be in Christian Grey. Christian Grey once depicted in the novel. had a dark past time in which he feels The writer found one of the inferior until finally he compensate his dialogues that shows Christian Grey has inferiority feeling and become a better a power when he was interviewed by Ana person. in his office.

108 Indah, Nurochman, Setiarini, The Superiority in...

Finally, he becomes a superior. Based on the novel that was read, the Minderop, A. (2005), Metode researcher found there are four factors Karakterisasi Telaah Fiksi, Jakarta: that influence the superiority in Yayasan Obor Indonesia Christian Grey. They are: (1) Dark Past Time. In the dark past time, the writer Nurgiyantoro, B. (1995), Teori divided into three parts, such as: Pengkajian Fiksi, Yogyakarta: Gadjah Tormented, Sexual Violence, and Mada University Press. Poorness, (2) Succesful, (3) Wealth, (4) Power. Nurgiyantoro, B. (2002), Statistik 5.2 Future Work Terapan Untuk Penelitian ilmu-ilmu Sosial, Gajah Mada University Press, Superiority relates to an inferiority Yogyakarta. feeling. This inferiority feeling encourages someone to become a better Nurgiyantoro, B. (2005), Sastra Anak person and trying to compensate for Pengantar Pemahaman Dunia Anak, their inferiority. In addition, for the Yogyakarta: Gadjah Mada University next researchers, there is another Press. character that is interesting to be analyzed in Fifty Shades Trilogy, namely Nurgiyantoro, B. (2009), Teori Anastasia Steele as a main character. Pengkajian Fiksi, Yogyakarta: Gajah The researcher found that Anastasia Mada University Press. Steele has an inferiority feeling with the superiority that owned by Christian Nurgiyantoro, B. (2010), Teori Grey. Pengkajian Fiksi, Yogyakarta: Gajah The future researchers can analyzed Mada University Press. the inferiority feeling using the Individual Psychology by Alfred Adler Semi, M. A. (1998), Anatomi Sastra, like the researcher used in this Padang: Angkasa Raya. research. Sudjiman, P. (1986), Kamus Istilah

Sastra, Jakarta: Gramedia. 6. REFERENCES Sudjiman, P. (1998), Memahami Cerita Abrams, M.H. (1981), A Glossary of Rekaan, Jakarta: Pustaka Jaya. Literary Terms, New York: Harcourt, Brace 7 World, Inc. Taum, Y. Y. (1997), Pengantar Teori Sastra: Ekspresivisme, Strukturalisme, Pascastrukturalisme, Adler, A. (1990), Journal of Humanistic Sosiologi, Resepsi, Ende: Nusa Indah. Psychology, United Kingdom: Sage Publication. Wellek, R. and Austin, W. (1989), Teori Kesusastraan, Jakarta: Gramedia Damono, S. D. (1979), Sosiologi Sastra: Pustaka Utama. Sebuah Pengantar Ringkas, Jakarta: Depdikbud. Wirartha, I. M. (2006), Metodologi Penelitian Sosial Ekonomi, Esten, M. (1978), Kesusasteraan: Yogyakarta: C.V Andi Offset. Pengantar Teori dan Sejarah, Bandung: Angkasa.

Jurnal Ilmiah Sastra Volume 4. No. 1, Juni 2016 109