Charles Darwin University the Long-Range Non-Additive Three-Body Dispersion Interactions for the Rare Gases, Alkali, and Alkalin
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Charles Darwin University The long-range non-additive three-body dispersion interactions for the rare gases, alkali, and alkaline-earth atoms Tang, Li-Yan; Yan, Zong-Chao; Shi, Ting-Yun; BABB, J; Mitroy, James Published in: Journal of Chemical Physics DOI: 10.1063/1.3691891 Published: 14/03/2012 Document Version Publisher's PDF, also known as Version of record Link to publication Citation for published version (APA): Tang, L-Y., Yan, Z-C., Shi, T-Y., BABB, J., & Mitroy, J. (2012). The long-range non-additive three-body dispersion interactions for the rare gases, alkali, and alkaline-earth atoms. Journal of Chemical Physics, 136(10), 104104-1-104104-8. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3691891 General rights Copyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the public portal are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. • Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the public portal for the purpose of private study or research. • You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain • You may freely distribute the URL identifying the publication in the public portal Take down policy If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. Download date: 30. Sep. 2021 The long-range non-additive three-body dispersion interactions for the rare gases, alkali, and alkaline-earth atoms Li-Yan Tang, Zong-Chao Yan, Ting-Yun Shi, James F. Babb, and J. Mitroy Citation: J. Chem. Phys. 136, 104104 (2012); doi: 10.1063/1.3691891 View online: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3691891 View Table of Contents: http://jcp.aip.org/resource/1/JCPSA6/v136/i10 Published by the American Institute of Physics. Additional information on J. Chem. Phys. Journal Homepage: http://jcp.aip.org/ Journal Information: http://jcp.aip.org/about/about_the_journal Top downloads: http://jcp.aip.org/features/most_downloaded Information for Authors: http://jcp.aip.org/authors THE JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS 136, 104104 (2012) The long-range non-additive three-body dispersion interactions for the rare gases, alkali, and alkaline-earth atoms Li-Yan Tang,1,a) Zong-Chao Yan,2,3 Ting-Yun Shi,1 James F. Babb,4 and J. Mitroy5 1State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, People’s Republic of China 2Center for Cold Atom Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, People’s Republic of China 3Department of Physics, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, New Brunswick E3B 5A3, Canada 4ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA 5School of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Darwin NT 0909, Australia (Received 9 January 2012; accepted 16 February 2012; published online 9 March 2012) The long-range non-additive three-body dispersion interaction coefficients Z111, Z112, Z113, and Z122 are computed for many atomic combinations using standard expressions. The atoms considered in- clude hydrogen, the rare gases, the alkali atoms (up to Rb), and the alkaline-earth atoms (up to Sr). The term Z111 arising from three mutual dipole interactions is known as the Axilrod-Teller- Muto coefficient or the DDD (dipole-dipole-dipole) coefficient. Similarly, the terms Z112, Z113, and Z122 arise from the mutual combinations of dipole (1), quadrupole (2), and octupole (3) interactions between atoms and they are sometimes known, respectively, as dipole-dipole-quadrupole, dipole- dipole-octupole, and dipole-quadrupole-quadrupole coefficients. Results for the four Z coefficients are given for the homonuclear trimers, for the trimers involving two like-rare-gas atoms, and for the trimers with all combinations of the H, He, and Li atoms. An exhaustive compilation of all coefficients between all possible atomic combinations is presented as supplementary data. © 2012 American Institute of Physics.[http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3691891] I. INTRODUCTION fine-tuning the interaction potentials of rare gases for the de- scription of their bulk thermophysical properties such as the The DDD (dipole-dipole-dipole) or Axilrod-Teller-Muto virial coefficients8–12 and for computing properties of their interaction1 is a non-additive dispersion interaction that arises solid forms.13 There has also been interest in describing the between three polarizable atoms or molecules. In the long- structures of metal atoms embedded in rare gases.14–18 Fi- range potential energy function it enters at the order of the nally, the dispersion interactions give reference data that could inverse ninth power of the characteristic separation of the be utilized to validate ab initio calculations of the full three- three particles. It is studied in the physics and chemistry body potential surfaces at large inter-nuclear separations.19–21 of gases, liquids, adsorption of atoms at surfaces, and ma- The DDD coefficients are known very accurately for terials science, and more recently for applications to ultra- systems involving combinations of H, He, and Li through cold atoms. In addition to the DDD interaction, there are ab initio calculations,22–26 while the most accurate DDD terms arising from mutual interactions of higher-than-dipole values for the heavier rare gases are derived from pseudo- induced multipoles,2, 3 such as the dipole-dipole-quadrupole oscillator strength distributions (POSDs) using dipole polariz- (DDQ), the dipole-dipole-octupole (DDO), and the dipole- abilities and other experimental data.27–29 Doran and Zucker3 quadrupole-quadrupole (DQQ) interactions. Values of the co- and Doran30, 31 calculated higher-order coefficients for the efficients are useful for creating models of potential energy rare gases using Hartree-Fock methods. Their results were surfaces and for comparison with more sophisticated methods surpassed in accuracy by those of Thakkar et al.32 Reasonably that include exchange energies. accurate values for the DDD coefficients were computed for For a variety of reasons, there has been increased in- the alkali-metal33, 34 and for the alkaline-earth metal atoms.34 terest in the non-additive three-body dispersion coefficients. An alternate approach to the determination of three-body dis- Some of the primary motivations come from studies of ultra- persion coefficients is to use combination rules,35–38 which cold atoms. For example, photo- and magneto-association utilize estimates of other properties such as polarizabilities techniques are being developed to form homonuclear and and two-body dispersion coefficients. heteronuclear trimers. The collisions that govern such events The present work represents the most comprehensive typically occur at low energies where the importance of dis- evaluation of three-body dispersion coefficients so far pre- persion events is enhanced and there have been a number sented in the literature. Coefficients computed using oscil- of studies that have investigated the impact of three-body lator strength sum rules up to a combined inverse power non-additive interactions.4–7 Another application area is in of 15 in the interspecies separation distance are given. Ex- tremely precise dispersion coefficients are given for all com- a)Author to whom correspondence should be addressed. Electronic mail: ly- binations of the H, He, and Li ground states since definitive [email protected]. results for these atoms can often serve as benchmarks to test 0021-9606/2012/136(10)/104104/8/$30.00136, 104104-1 © 2012 American Institute of Physics 104104-2 Tang et al. J. Chem. Phys. 136, 104104 (2012) methodologies used for more complicated systems. In addi- are three separate terms since the quadrupole excitation can tion, dispersion coefficients are given for all the three-body be associated with any of the atoms, a, b, or c. One term is homonuclear trimers involving the rare gases, the alkali atoms V abc(R , R , R ) = ZabcW abc(R , R , R ) . (7) up to Rb, and the alkaline-earth atoms up to Sr. Space require- 112 a b c 112 112 a b c abc ments preclude the presentation of data for all possible trimers The Z112 coefficient is involving heteronuclear systems. Tabulated coefficients are (1) (1) (2) 3 f f f only given for systems with two like rare gas atoms. The Zabc = a,0i b,0j c,0k 112 2 three-body dispersion coefficients for almost all other possi- ij k a,0i b,0j c,0k ble three-body systems are detailed in the supplementary data ( + + ) submitted with this paper. × a,0i b,0j c,0k . (8) (a,0i + b,0j )(a,0i + c,0k)(b,0j + c,0k) The spatial factor (dropping the arguments for compactness) II. DEFINITIONS OF THE DISPERSION COEFFICIENTS abc for W112 is A. Expressions using oscillator strength sum rules 1 W abc = × [9 cos(θ ) − 25 cos(3θ ) The leading non-additive dipole-dipole-dipole dispersion 112 3 4 4 ab ab 16RabRbcRca interaction between three atoms (a, b, c) can be written as +6 cos(θbc −θca)[3 + 5 cos(2θab)]] . (9) V abc R , R , R = ZabcW abc R , R , R , 111 ( a b c) 111 111 ( a b c) (1) There is no need to give the Z coefficients for the other com- abc binations. The spatial factors for W abc, W abc, and W abc can be where Z111 is the three-body dispersion coefficient and the 122 113 222 abc written2, 5 as function W111 (Ra, Rb, Rc) is detailed in Refs. 1 and 5, e.g., 5 1 + 3 cos(θ ) cos(θ ) cos(θ ) W abc = ×[3 cos(θ ) + 15 cos(3θ ) W abc(R , R , R ) = ab bc ca , (2) 122 4 5 4 bc bc 111 a b c 3 3 3 64RabRbcRca RabRbcRca + 20 cos(θca − θab)[1 − 3 cos(2θbc)] where θ ab is the interior angle at c due to atoms a and b, Rab + − is the distance between atoms a and b, and 70 cos[2(θca θab)] cos(θbc)] , (10) (1) (1) (1) 3 f f f Zabc = a,0i b,0j c,0k 111 abc 5 2 a,0i b,0j c,0k W = ×[9 + 8 cos(2θ ) − 49 cos(4θ ) ij k 113 3 5 5 ab ab 96RabRbcRca + + (a,0i b,0j c,0k) + − + × .