Emerald : the Most Valuable Beryl
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Podiform Chromite Deposits—Database and Grade and Tonnage Models
Podiform Chromite Deposits—Database and Grade and Tonnage Models Scientific Investigations Report 2012–5157 U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey COVER View of the abandoned Chrome Concentrating Company mill, opened in 1917, near the No. 5 chromite mine in Del Puerto Canyon, Stanislaus County, California (USGS photograph by Dan Mosier, 1972). Insets show (upper right) specimen of massive chromite ore from the Pillikin mine, El Dorado County, California, and (lower left) specimen showing disseminated layers of chromite in dunite from the No. 5 mine, Stanislaus County, California (USGS photographs by Dan Mosier, 2012). Podiform Chromite Deposits—Database and Grade and Tonnage Models By Dan L. Mosier, Donald A. Singer, Barry C. Moring, and John P. Galloway Scientific Investigations Report 2012-5157 U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey U.S. Department of the Interior KEN SALAZAR, Secretary U.S. Geological Survey Marcia K. McNutt, Director U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia: 2012 This report and any updates to it are available online at: http://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5157/ For more information on the USGS—the Federal source for science about the Earth, its natural and living resources, natural hazards, and the environment—visit http://www.usgs.gov or call 1–888–ASK–USGS For an overview of USGS information products, including maps, imagery, and publications, visit http://www.usgs.gov/pubprod To order this and other USGS information products, visit http://store.usgs.gov Suggested citation: Mosier, D.L., Singer, D.A., Moring, B.C., and Galloway, J.P., 2012, Podiform chromite deposits—database and grade and tonnage models: U.S. -
A Review of Flotation Separation of Mg Carbonates (Dolomite and Magnesite)
minerals Review A Review of Flotation Separation of Mg Carbonates (Dolomite and Magnesite) Darius G. Wonyen 1,†, Varney Kromah 1,†, Borbor Gibson 1,† ID , Solomon Nah 1,† and Saeed Chehreh Chelgani 1,2,* ID 1 Department of Geology and Mining Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Liberia, P.O. Box 9020 Monrovia, Liberia; [email protected] (D.G.W.); [email protected] (Y.K.); [email protected] (B.G.); [email protected] (S.N.) 2 Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +1-41-6830-9356 † These authors contributed equally to the study. Received: 24 July 2018; Accepted: 13 August 2018; Published: 15 August 2018 Abstract: It is well documented that flotation has high economic viability for the beneficiation of valuable minerals when their main ore bodies contain magnesium (Mg) carbonates such as dolomite and magnesite. Flotation separation of Mg carbonates from their associated valuable minerals (AVMs) presents several challenges, and Mg carbonates have high levels of adverse effects on separation efficiency. These complexities can be attributed to various reasons: Mg carbonates are naturally hydrophilic, soluble, and exhibit similar surface characteristics as their AVMs. This study presents a compilation of various parameters, including zeta potential, pH, particle size, reagents (collectors, depressant, and modifiers), and bio-flotation, which were examined in several investigations into separating Mg carbonates from their AVMs by froth flotation. Keywords: dolomite; magnesite; flotation; bio-flotation 1. Introduction Magnesium (Mg) carbonates (salt-type minerals) are typical gangue phases associated with several valuable minerals, and have complicated processing [1,2]. -
The Red Emerald
The Red Emerald Black Album Words by Seth William Rozendaal Photos by David Rozendaal This work is for the enjoyment of gemstone aficionados around the world and throughout time, and dedicated to the divine muse who inspires everything. This book celebrates the Red Emerald’s public debut at the 2017 Tucson Gem and Mineral Show. Graphics taken from the Mineralogical Record Volume 47 Number 1: Colombian Emeralds where noted. The two photos of the Heart matrix specimen on the top of the page in Section VI were taken by Wayne Schrimp. Seth Rozendaal is responsible for the landscape photo in Section II, the beveled heart in Section VI and Office Suite Graphics. The Suite Treasure necklace photo in Section XIII was taken at the Brent Isenberger Studio. Cover and all other interior photos in this album were taken by David Rozendaal. Without his tireless dedication, this publication would not have been possible. For additional information, please contact: Seth William Rozendaal (515) 868-7207 [email protected] Index I - Red Beryl IS Red Emerald II - Formation III - Matrix Specimens IV - Wafers V - Prisms VI - Twins VII - Clusters VIII - Bixbyite Combinations IX - Topaz Combinations X - Hourglass Patterning XI - The Scarlet Spectrum XII - Facet-Grade Red Emerald XIII - The Red Emerald Suite Treasure I ~ Red Beryl IS Red Emerald The human infatuation with Emeralds runs so deep, and our desire for them traces so far back… It's one of the only gemstones found in rank-signifying Neolithic headdresses. Yeah, you heard me: Caveman Crowns. Aja Raden - Author, Historian and Scientist Diamonds may be forever, but only Emeralds are eternal; our appreciation of Emeralds stretches from the beginning of human civilization to the very end. -
English-Spanish (Dictionnaire)
English−spanish (dictionnaire) English−spanish Dictionary éditions eBooksFrance www.ebooksfrance.com English−spanish Dictionary 1 English−spanish (dictionnaire) Adapted from : http://www.freedict.com/dictionary/index. -
Intergrown Emerald Specimen from Chivor Tity Was Confirmed by Raman Spectroscopy
Editor Nathan Renfro Contributing Editors Elise A. Skalwold and John I. Koivula Intergrown Emerald Specimen from Chivor tity was confirmed by Raman spectroscopy. The inclusion exhibited a well-formed hexagonal prismatic shape with Colombia’s Chivor emerald mines are located in the east- pyramid-like termination (figure 2). Although intergrowth ern zone of the Eastern Cordillera range of the Andes emerald crystals have been described and documented in Mountains. Chivor translates to “green and rich land” in the literature several times (G. Grundmann and G. Giu- Chibcha, the language of the indigenous people who were liani, “Emeralds of the world,” in G. Giuliani et al., Eds., already mining emerald more than 500 years ago, before Emeralds of the World, extraLapis English, No. 2, 2002, pp. the arrival of the Spanish conquistadors (D. Fortaleché et al., “The Colombian emerald industry: Winds of change,” Fall 2017 G&G, pp. 332–358). Chivor emeralds exhibit a bright green color with a tint of blue; they have relatively Figure 1. An emerald crystal inclusion measuring high clarity and fewer inclusions than emeralds found in ~2.67 × 2.71 × 5.43 mm is found inside this large Colombia’s western belt. emerald specimen (18.35 × 10.69 × 9.79 mm) from Colombia’s Chivor mine. Photo by John Jairo Zamora. The authors recently examined a rough emerald crystal specimen (figure 1), measuring 18.35 × 10.69 × 9.79 mm, reportedly from Chivor. This crystal weighed 3.22 g (16.10 ct) and had a prismatic hexagonal crystal shape. Standard gemological examination confirmed the gemstone to be emerald, and ultraviolet/visible/near-infrared (UV-Vis-NIR) spectroscopy showed a classic Colombian emerald absorp- tion spectrum. -
Garnet, Industrial 2016
2016 Minerals Yearbook GARNET, INDUSTRIAL [ADVANCE RELEASE] U.S. Department of the Interior September 2018 U.S. Geological Survey Garnet, Industrial By Robert M. Callaghan and Kenneth C. Curry Domestic survey data and table were prepared by Chanda C. Williams, statistical assistant. In 2016, U.S. production of crude garnet concentrate for combination with one or two other minerals, have reserves that industrial use was estimated to be 56,400 metric tons (t) valued can be mined at a low cost, and have the ability to react rapidly at about $12.8 million, a slight increase in tonnage and virtually to changes in market demand. The value of industrial garnet is unchanged in value from 55,200 t valued at $12.7 million in 2015. influenced by the size and grade of reserves, the type and quality U.S. production of refined garnet in 2016 was estimated to be of garnet mined, the proximity of deposits to infrastructure and 49,400 t valued at $24.4 million, a slight increase in tonnage and consumers, and the milling costs. The majority of industrial- a slight decrease in value from 48,700 t valued at $24.8 million grade garnet mined in the United States consists of almandine in 2015. U.S. exports of industrial garnet were 13,400 t, a 9% (iron-aluminum silicate) and pyrope (magnesium-aluminum decrease compared with those in 2015. Imports of garnet were silicate), although some andradite (calcium-iron silicate) also is estimated to be 150,000 t in 2016, a 38% decrease compared with mined domestically. -
Dental Jewellery - a Review N
Review Article Dental jewellery - A review N. Monisha1, Dhanraj Ganapathy2, P. Sherlyn Sheeba3*, Naveen Kanniappan1 ABSTRACT Today, people are becoming increasingly self-conscious about their appearance and smile. Intraoral jewellery has nowadays gained popularity and is slowly becoming a trend, but this fashion tagline is also associated with some serious health risks. The different jewellery in use today are lip studs, lip rings, tooth rings, grill jewellery, dazzlers and twinkles, veneer jewellery cheek studs, etc. There is an age-old history for dental jewellery as it was considered as a symbol of religion, tribe, culture, and sex. These accessories though are said to enhance beauty cause problems such as increase in plaque levels, inflammation of the gingiva and/or recession, decay, defective occlusion, and metal allergy. There are also some life-threatening complications such as airway obstruction due to aspiration, bleeding, erythema, and endocarditis. If there is a usage of unsterile instruments, it can act as a vector in the transmission of communicable diseases such as hepatitis, tetanus, and tuberculosis in susceptible patients. This review highlights the prevalence, complications, and side effects of dental jewellery. KEY WORDS: Dazzlers, Endocarditis, Gems, Hemorrhage, Intraoral jewellery, Ludwig’s Angina, Oral piercings, Twinkles INTRODUCTION niobium, or even plastic may be used.[4] A majority of complications are also associated. All body “Beauty lies in the eyes of the beholder,” is the famous piercings present a risk of infection and cause pain.[5] saying. The need and want for beauty has prevailed Complications that most commonly occur related to since ages. Our ancestors and religious rituals based the jewellery include aspiration, allergy or permanent on traditions, earlier defined beauty. -
Identificación De Estructuras Geológicas
IDENTIFICACIÓN DE AGOSTO DE 2017 ESTRUCTURAS GEOLÓGICAS PARA EL TÍTULO DJU-151, MINA CHAPARRAL, UBICADA EN EL MUNICIPIO DE MARIPÍ EN LA DETERMINACIÓN DE MINERALIZACIONES DE ESMERALDAS PRÁCTICA EMPRESARIAL Tomado de: https://www.mindat.org/gm/1375. Foto web. Diego Rodríguez. GINED LORENA ROSAS PEREZ COPEMIN S.A.S. 0 IDENTIFICACIÓN DE ESTRUCTURAS GEOLÓGICAS PARA EL TÍTULO DJU-151, MINA CHAPARRAL, UBICADA EN EL MUNICIPIO DE MARIPÍ EN LA DETERMINACIÓN DE MINERALIZACIONES DE ESMERALDAS IDENTIFICACIÓN DE ESTRUCTURAS GEOLÓGICAS PARA EL TÍTULO DJU- 151, MINA CHAPARRAL, UBICADA EN EL MUNICIPIO DE MARIPÍ EN LA DETERMINACIÓN DE MINERALIZACIONES DE ESMERALDAS GINED LORENA ROSAS PEREZ UNIVERSIDAD PEDAGÓGICA Y TECNOLÓGICA DE COLOMBIA SEDE SECCIONAL SOGAMOSO ESCUELA DE INGENIERÍA GEOLÓGICA SOGAMOSO, 2017 UNIVERSIDAD PEDAGÓGICA Y TECNOLÓGICA DE COLOMBIA SEDE SECCIONAL SOGAMOSO 1 INGENIERÍA GEOLÓGICA IDENTIFICACIÓN DE ESTRUCTURAS GEOLÓGICAS PARA EL TÍTULO DJU-151, MINA CHAPARRAL, UBICADA EN EL MUNICIPIO DE MARIPÍ EN LA DETERMINACIÓN DE MINERALIZACIONES DE ESMERALDAS IDENTIFICACIÓN DE ESTRUCTURAS GEOLÓGICAS PARA EL TÍTULO DJU-151, MINA CHAPARRAL, UBICADA EN EL MUNICIPIO DE MARIPÍ EN LA DETERMINACIÓN DE MINERALIZACIONES DE ESMERALDAS GINED LORENA ROSAS PEREZ Proyecto como modalidad de Práctica con Proyección Empresarial, presentado como requisito para optar al título de: Ingeniero geólogo Director JORGE ELIÉCER MARIÑO MARTÍNEZ Ingeniero geólogo PHD. Geología UNIVERSIDAD PEDAGÓGICA Y TECNOLÓGICA DE COLOMBIA SEDE SECCIONAL SOGAMOSO ESCUELA DE INGENIERÍA GEOLÓGICA -
The Magazine 2020-2021
THE MAGAZINE 2020-2021 ITALIAN grace Inspired by Venetian lace, Buccellati’s Macri collection is elegant, everyday wearable sophistication. Hinged cuff bracelets in 18k white gold with black DLC treatment, 18k white gold and 18k yellow gold. Ring in 18k white gold with black DLC. Earrings in 18k yellow gold. Opposite page, eternity rings, Rombi Eternelle, Ramage Eternelle and Pizzo Venezia Ertenelle. 4 KERNS magazine I S S U E N U M B E R 5 These pages are just a taste of what you will find at Kerns Fine Jewelry. Call for an appointment to come in or for us to assist you virtually. Dear Friends, This has been quite a year! Even though 2020 has had its challenges, Be Part we are thankful for all the good things... family dinners, reduced of Our commutes and time to reflect are among a few. We have all become creative problem solvers and are stronger than we ever thought we Story could be. We miss shaking hands and giving hugs, but those will return in due time. Our new and improved normal will be unlike anything we could have fathomed and hopefully we won’t take all the little things for granted. You may have noticed a few changes at Kerns this year. We, like all of you, have adapted to our “new norm”. We are now open by appointment only, so please call us to schedule a time to come in. This new protocol felt strange at first, but now it feels better than #MyKernsMoment previous practices. We can space appointments throughout the day, Don’t forget to tag us on your social media plan ahead for your visit, and be more efficient with your time. -
Oral Piercing – Pain Or Pleasure?? a Review Article
IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences (IOSR-JDMS) e-ISSN: 2279-0853, p-ISSN: 2279-0861.Volume 13, Issue 10 Ver. I (Oct. 2014), PP 20-26 www.iosrjournals.org Oral Piercing – Pain Or Pleasure?? A Review Article Dr. Nitin Agarwal1, Dr. Haider Iqbal2, Dr. Kirti Agarwal3, Dr. Saurabh Mathur4, Dr. Siddharth Saurabh5, Dr. Ankit Saha6 1(Department of Oral Medicine & Radiology,Sardar Patel Post Graduate Institute of Dental and Medical Sciences,India) 2(Department of Oral Medicine & Radiology,Sardar Patel Post Graduate Institute of Dental and Medical Sciences,India) 3(Department of Pedodontics & Preventive Dentistry, Saraswati Dental College, India) 4(Department of Oral Medicine &Radiology,Saraswati Dental College, India) 5(Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology,RKDF Dental College, India) 6(Department of Oral Medicine & Radiology,Sardar Patel Post Graduate Institute of Dental and Medical Sciences,India) Abstract: Oral piercing is a popular trend, but this fashion statement comes with some serious health risks. The oral and perioral piercing has a long history as part of religious, tribal, cultural or sexual symbolism. Nowadays there is a high incidence of oral and perioral piercing in the adolescent population. Oral and perioral piercing involve the insertion of jewellery into the tongue, lip, cheek, frenum, uvula or other parts of the mouth. This paper covers some of the commonly and uncommonly encountered complications related to oral piercing. Keywords: oral piercing, body art, oral jewellery I. Introduction A Systematic review of the scientific literature was done and a database of indexed journals (Pubmed, Science direct and Ovid) and search engines like google, was searched. -
INCLUSIONS in AQUAMARINE from AMBATOFOTSIKELY, MADAGASCAR Fabrice Danet, Marie Schoor, Jean-Claude Boulliard, Daniel R
NEW Danet G&G Fall 2012_Layout 1 9/27/12 11:31 AM Page 205 RAPID COMMUNICATIONS INCLUSIONS IN AQUAMARINE FROM AMBATOFOTSIKELY, MADAGASCAR Fabrice Danet, Marie Schoor, Jean-Claude Boulliard, Daniel R. Neuville, Olivier Beyssac, and Vincent Bourgoin grams of translucent to transparent beryl were pro- duced, as well as several tonnes of opaque material In January 2012, aquamarine crystals containing for industrial use. While only a very small percentage interesting inclusions were extracted from the Am- was suitable for faceting, several hundred aqua- batofotsikely area northwest of Antsirabe, Mada- marines in the 1–35 ct range have been cut. In April gascar. These specimens displayed various types 2012, one of the authors (FD) traveled to the locality of eye-visible and microscopic inclusions, and and obtained representative samples. some had an unusual form. Raman microspec- troscopy identified reddish brown plate lets as Location and Geologic Setting. The workings are lo- hematite, while ilmenite was found as black cated less than 1 km north of Ambatofotsikely (a village platelets, black needles, and distinctive dark gray now locally known as Ambatofotsy Carole), 22 km dendrites. Similar inclusions are known in beryl north-northwest of Ankazomiriotra, and 74 km north- from Brazil, India, Mozambique, and Sri Lanka. west of Antsirabe. The deposit is centered at coordinates 19°27.662¢S, 46°27.450¢E, at an elevation of 1,010 m. The site is accessed by a paved road (RN 34) from ining activity near the central Malagasy village Antsirabe to a point 16 km west of Ankazomiriotra. of Ambatofotsikely was first documented nearly From there, a trail extends 15 km to Ambatofotsikely. -
Reactivity of Dolomite in Water-Saturated Supercritical Carbon
Energy Conversion and Management 65 (2013) 564–573 Contents lists available at SciVerse ScienceDirect Energy Conversion and Management journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/enconman Reactivity of dolomite in water-saturated supercritical carbon dioxide: Significance for carbon capture and storage and for enhanced oil and gas recovery ⇑ Xiuyu Wang a,1, Vladimir Alvarado b, Norbert Swoboda-Colberg a, John P. Kaszuba a,c, a Department of Geology and Geophysics, 1000 E. University Avenue, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071, USA b Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, 1000 E. University Avenue, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071, USA c School of Energy Resources, 1000 E. University Avenue, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071, USA article info abstract Article history: Carbon dioxide injection in porous reservoirs is the basis for carbon capture and storage, enhanced oil and Received 17 December 2011 gas recovery. Injected carbon dioxide is stored at multiple scales in porous media, from the pore-level as a Received in revised form 18 July 2012 residual phase to large scales as macroscopic accumulations by the injection site, under the caprock and Accepted 26 July 2012 at reservoir internal capillary pressure barriers. These carbon dioxide saturation zones create regions Available online 5 November 2012 across which the full spectrum of mutual CO2–H2O solubility may occur. Most studies assume that geo- chemical reaction is restricted to rocks and carbon dioxide-saturated formation waters, but this paradigm Keywords: ignores injection of anhydrous carbon dioxide against brine and water-alternating-gas flooding for Carbon capture and storage enhanced oil recovery. Enhanced oil recovery Enhanced gas recovery A series of laboratory experiments was performed to evaluate the reactivity of the common reservoir Fluid–rock interactions mineral dolomite with water-saturated supercritical carbon dioxide.