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Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-01075-8 - Divination and Prediction in Early China and Ancient Greece Lisa Raphals Index More information

Index

abstraction, 368 Athens, 107 Acarnania, 308 atomism, 357 Achilles, 102 augurs, 360 adyton, 27, 155 auspice, good and ill, 52, 178, 213, 377, 380 Aeschylus, 21, 104, 105, 111, 115, 281, 305, auspicious days, 10, 182, 185, 211, 213, 249, 306, 365 271, 317 aitia, 325, 327 authenticity of oracles, 14, 189 Alexander, 56, 156, 228, 245, 281, 289, 290, autonomy, 386 292–95, 297 assumes title of Pharaoh, 294 Bagley, Robert, 366 religiosity, 295 Baihu tong, 35, 130 almanac texts, 347 Ban Zhao, 268 Ammon, oracle of Zeus, 21, 23, 293 and Han shu Astronomical Treatise, 339 Amphiaraus, 104, 105, 108 Baoshan, 44, 52, 55, 87, 88, 130, 182, 184, 186, Anaximander, 62, 353 195, 220, 317, 319, 332, 333, 367, 376 animals, 255 number sequences, 333 anomalies, 182, 183, 186, 380 bards, 363 apocrypha (chen wei 讖緯), 40 Barton, Tamsyn, 360 Apollo, 20, 21, 22, 104, 108, 110, 111, 119, 121, Beidou 北斗 see Northern Dipper 158, 163, 281, 282, 313, 325 Bielenstein, Hans, 301 Apollodorus, 21, 56, 103 bingfa, 247 aretē, 292 biographies Aristander, 245, 294 of Empress Deng Sui, 270 Aristonikē, 108, 274 of fangshi, 122, 256 Aristophanes, 109, 119, 281 and mantic narratives, 281 Aristotle, 22, 120, 160, 353, 356, 357, 364, 369 of rulers, 292 on oneiromancy, 356 Bo Le 伯樂, 97, 122, 144, 351 Arrian, 56 Book of the Generation of the Fetus, 139, 319 Asclepian temples, 25, 117, 157, 217 Bouché-Leclercq, Auguste, 4, 13, 63, 149–50, female consultors, 264–65 152, 161, 356, 384 medicine, 321 Bowden, Hugh, 54, 68, 247, 309 Asclepius, 23, 53, 117, 157, 194, 220, 325 Branchidae, 121, 156 astralagoi,28 broad and narrow sample, deﬁnition, 189, 195 astrocalendrics, 101, 128, 161, 181, 185, bronze inscriptions, 366 220, 337 bu 卜 (turtle shell divination), 2 astrology, 360 Buddhism, 7, 14 Roman, 360, 361 Burkert, Walter, 12, 108, 116 Astronomical Bureau, 338 astronomy, 72, 327, 329, 337, 359, 361, 368, 369, Calchas, 102, 103, 105, 106, 125, 245 378 Calendars and Chronologies, 37 Hellenistic, 360 calendric texts, 10 oﬃcials, 89 Callias of Elis, 105, 108, 245 asylia, 191 Callisthenes, 153 461

© in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-01075-8 - Divination and Prediction in Early China and Ancient Greece Lisa Raphals Index More information

462 Index

Cambridge School, 65 competition, 85, 86, 99, 122, 124, 375 Carapanos, Constantin, 23 Confucian virtues, 312 Casevitz, Michel, 101 Confucius, 311, 335 Cassandra, 20, 104, 108 cord and hook pattern, 139, 271, 340, 347 catharsis, 326 correlative cosmology, 11, 165, 327, 328, 346, causation, 357 352, 382 Celestial Patterns, 37, 132 and portents, 299 Chaerophon, 61, 196, 355 cosmology, 161, 327, 343, 369 Chang, K. C., 77, 98, 268 and cultural speciﬁcity, 385 Chaniotis, Angelos, 247 versus correlative cosmology, 327 Chemla, Karine, 6 cracking, 129 Chen Songchang, 335, 348 bamboo, 173 Chen Wei, 87, 195, 410 bones and shells, 129, 166 Chengpu, battle of, 290 method, 332 childbirth crime, 200 in daybooks, 215 Croesus, 20, 156, 284–86, 313 prognostication, 207 Csikszentmihalyi, Mark, 145 children, 21, 158, 255, 305 curse tablets, 180 legends of maleﬁc, 305 male, 199 Daodejing, 78 mantic questions, 196, 198, 199 Daoism, 78 in Shuihudi daybooks, 206 Daoists, 370 Chong’er see Duke Wen of Jin daybooks, 11, 44, 49, 138, 142, 187, 215, 219, chresmologues, 22, 54, 109, 119, 120, 281 261, 335, 383 Christidis, Anastasios-Ph., 197, 199, 201, 202, desertion, 210 217, 236, 237 illness, 208 Chrysippus, 356, 358 robbers, 209 Chu ci, 37, 303–5 Shuihudi, 203 Chu Shaosun, 182 stars, 211 Chu Silk Manuscript, 44, 47, 347 typology of mantic queries, 204 Chunyu Yi, 98, 270, 326 De Divinatione, 22, 61, 358 Cicero, 1, 12, 16, 22, 61, 63, 96, 104, 149, 165, Decree of Heaven, 283, 303, 315 358, 362, 382 Delphi, 20, 21, 25, 51, 70, 113, 118, 120, 157, citizenship, 244 180, 188, 195, 219, 246, 273, 306 Classic of Horse Physiognomy, 144 oracular consultation days, 110 cledonomancy, 20, 149, 152, 174 and political neutrality, 379 Cleomenes of Sparta, 246 Delphic oracle, 21, 22, 26, 66, 107 cleromancy, 129, 152, 163, 174, 332 literature on, 113 Clytiads, 108 Delphic oracle stories, 280, 282, 283, 295, 315 Codrus painter, 27 Delphic responses, broad and narrow samples, colonization, 281 189 narratives, 281 democracy, 192 oracles, 307, 308 Democritus, 158, 353, 357, 359 comparables, 73, 74, 80, 82, 118, 161, 182, Demosthenes, 194 204, 212, 219, 272, 302, 313, 316, 361, 368, Denyer, Nicholas, 3, 362 372, 373 determinism, 353, 357, 368 intellectual, 381 Detienne, Marcel, 6, 63, 73, 81 social and institutional, 374 Di 帝, 183 comparison, 18, 384, 387 Diaconis, Persi, 167, 367 of China and Greece, 5–7 dice, 346 of contexts, 14 Didyma, 21, 25, 119, 263 Compendium on the Five Phases (Wuxing Ding Jiang, 266 dayi 五行大義), 40 Diodorus Siculus, 56

Index 463

Diotima of Mantinea, 107 diviners Director of Astronomy, 48 of auspicious days, 92 Director of Divination, 88, 141 Diviner Yan, 287, 291 Director of Incantation, 88 independent, 97 divination, 1–2 itinerant, 105 African, 6, 17, 69, 120, 165, 220, 241, divining blocks, 131 276, 372 do ut des, 219, 316 and authority, 118, 297 Dodona, 20, 21, 23–25, 111–12, 118, 153, 196, books, Greek, 365 276, 365 classification, 16, 61 typology of questions, 197 cloud, 348, 352 Dodona inscriptions, 53, 213, 215, 219, cognitive skills, 163 264, 378 contemporary, 7–9, 258 and daybooks, 204 critiques, 356 Dong Zhongshu, 299 cultural specificity, 2 Dougherty, Carol, 307 definition, 1 Douglas, Mary, 179 as divine communication, 3 dream divination see oneiromancy dream, 16, 157; see also oneiromancy dream typologies, 187, 321 and ethics, 381 dreams, 140, 211, 252, 255, 264, 323, 364 failure, 303, 304 Dubs, Homer, 301 and gender, 275 Duke Huan of Jin, 98 in Greek tragedy, 21 Duke Hui of Jin, 290, 291 hermeneutics, 12, 16, 17 Duke Mu of Qin, 291 Homeric, 102, 173 Duke Wen of Jin, 287 inductive, 161 Duke Xian of Jin, 290, 292 and kingship, 104 Duke Xiang of Shan, 311 and medicine, 325 Dunhuang, 132, 142, 350 Mediterranean context, 147, 165 hemerological manuscripts, 142 methods, 275 Durkheim, Émile, 64 military, 20, 21, 153, 192, 193, 242, 247 Eberhard, Wolfram, 300 official and private, 250 eclipses, 186, 213, 300, 303, 339 in People’s Republic of China, 259, 377 Edelstein, Emma and Ludwig, 26 as performance, 365 Edmunds, Lowell, 295 and political power, 241, 247 Egypt, 157, 294 predictive cycles, 313 Eidinow, Esther, 2, 70, 180, 197, 233 and prognosis, 323 Elvin, Mark, 167, 367 Pythagorean, 354 Empedocles, 107, 354 rhymes, 302, 367 Empress Deng Sui, 296–97 Roman, 151 Empress Lü, 257, 266 royal succession, 257 enkoimēsis, 157 skeptical refutations, 359 Epicureans, 358 and social consensus, 380 Epicurus, 12 social functions, 378 Epidaurus, 23, 53 technical and inspired, 61, 362, 373 epigraphic evidence, 23 and virtue, 371 for Greek divination, 23 and warfare, 246 epilepsy, 322 weather, 134, 183 Epimenides of Crete, 107 by women, 271 epiphanies, 362 zhanbu 占卜,2 ethics, 357, 370, 381 Divination et Rationalité,68 ethnicity, 67 Divination et Rationalité en Chine Ancienne,81 Euripides, 162, 281, 293, 307 divination rods (qian 籤), 131 extispicy, 104, 149, 150, 360

464 Index

Falkenhausen, Lothar von, 98 Halitherses, 102 family lineages, 84 Han, battle of, 290, 291 Fangmatan, 45, 173 Han Fei, 36 fangshi, 89, 94, 98, 122, 146, 270, 374 Han Gaozu, 96 collected biographies, 94 Han shu Bibliographic Treatise, 31, 32, 89, 90, fangxiangshi 方相氏,89 92, 119, 128, 139, 141, 143, 181, 346, 349, fatalism, 359 375 fate, 11, 13, 293, 353 Han Wen Di, 96 divine destiny, 294 Han Wu Di, 94, 184, 249, 273 Moira, 13, 306 Harper, Donald, 6, 80, 318, 343 Stoic theories, 357 Hartog, François, 71 fate calculation, 272 health, 199 Fenghuangshan, 345 Heaven Stems and Earth Branches see Fever (fan 煩), 318 sexagenary cycle Finley, Moses, 6, 65, 81 Hegesias, 105, 108 Five Agents (wuxing), 137, 139 Hegesistratus of Elis, 108, 289 ﬁve colors, 349, 350, 352 heimarmenē, 358 Five Phases, 50, 328, 390 Helenus, 108 Flower, Michael, 85, 116, 119, 123 hemerology, 44, 128, 137, 161, 162, 327, 352, Fontenrose, Joseph, 25, 27, 29, 54, 67, 69, 111, 368, 379 113, 114, 115, 116, 121, 155, 156, 188, 189, hepatoscopy, 175, 359 190, 191, 228, 250, 252, 263, 281, 399 Heraclitus, 13, 104, 109, 353 four regions (fang 方), 183 hermeneutics, 177, 314, 361, 367 free will, 307 Herodotus, 20, 54, 57, 105, 107, 112, 153, 156, freedom (eleutheria), 201 189, 192, 244, 273, 274, 283, 288, 290, 308, from myth to reason, 63 309, 313, 315 fu 賦 poetry (rhymprose), 36 and Delphic oracle stories, 280 funeral rites, 185 Hesiod, 105, 111, 153 future, 3, 6 heteropathic qi (xie qi 邪氣), 320 Fuyang, 46, 334, 339, 367 hexagram, 32, 185, 332 Baoshan, 333 Galen, 160, 364 names, 32 ganzhi 干支 see sexagenary cycle numeric representations, 332 Gernet, Jacques, 367, 368 statements, 32, 185 Gernet, Louis, 65 in Zuo zhuan, 336 ghosts, 211, 219, 248 Hidden Stems (Dunjia 遁甲), 172 Ginzburg, Carlo, 64 hiera, 150, 151, 244, 247, 253, 254, 288, 289 Gongsun Ao, 95 in Xenophon, 253, 254 Gongzi Wan of Chen (Jing Zhong), 286 Hieron of Syracuse, 106 good fortune, 200 hieroscopy, 20, 147, 150, 152, 163, 246, Graham, A. C., 11, 327, 328, 385 295, 363 Grand Scribe, 90 Hippocrates, 161 Grand Year (Tai sui 太歲), 132 Hippocratic Corpus, 322 Granet, Marcel, 385 Airs, Waters, and Places, 163 Great Plan (Hongfan 洪範) see Hongfan On Regimen, 323 Great Yin (Taiyin 太陰), 132 On the Sacred Disease, 322 Greek magical papyri, 26, 157 Prorrhetic, 322 Gu Jiegang, 33, 74 Regimen in Acute Diseases, 322 Guanzi, 36, 347 Hippocratic oath, 122 Gubu Ziqing 姑布子卿, 256 historiography, 312 Guicang, 33, 45, 334 Ho Peng Yoke, 169, 337 Guo yu, 96, 267, 295 Homer, 20, 158 Guodian, 36 Homeric poems, 13, 14, 20, 22, 101, 104, 147, Gushibian, 33, 65, 74, 76 173, 353

Index 465

Hongfan, 248 Lazy Argument, 357 horoscopes, 11, 158 legitimation, 17 horse physiognomy, 97, 144, 351 Lévy, Edmond, 107 female expert, 270 Lewis Mark Edward, 312, 336 Hou Han shu,39 Li Cang, 338 Collected Biographies of fangshi,39 Li ji, 30, 52, 130, 184, 248, 347 Fang Techniques, 146 Li Ji (wife of Duke Xian of Jin), 291 Treatise on Pitch Pipes and the Li Ling, 33, 37, 49, 77, 78, 79, 86, 87, 91, 94, 99, Calendar, 170 129, 137, 137, 138, 143, 146, 172, 173, 335, hou qi 候氣 see watching for qi 409, 410 Houma, 366 Li Nan, 270 Hu Shi, 74 daughter of, 270 Huainanzi, 36, 343, 346, 347, 349 Li sao, 303 Huangdi neijing,39 Li Si, 270 directional winds, 319 Li Xueqin, 343 humans and gods, 302, 310, 330, 363, 381 Liao Fu, 95 humoral theories, 364 Liao Mingchun, 335 Humphreys, Sally, 63 Library of Ashurbanipal, 148 Lienü zhuan, 40, 268, 269, 271 Iamids, 108 Liezi, 144 iatromancy, 98, 265, 267, 317, 319, 320, 322, Life of Alexander see Plutarch 326, 347, 368 Lingshu, 319 iatromantis, 106 Lipu 歷譜 see Calendars and Chronologies Iliad, 102 literacy, 163 illness, 182, 183, 185, 199, 208, 265, 325 Liu Lexian, 142 illness divination Liu Xiang, 299, 379 Baoshan, 317, 410 liubo, 44, 45, 137, 345 at Dodona, 199 board, 45, 132, 271, 344 jibing 疾病, 195 text, 346 independent practitioners, 120 Liuren intercalary month, 89 divination, 168, 169, 213, 220 mantic astrolabe, 341 ji xiong 吉凶 see auspice, good and ill Liutao, 140 Jia Yi, 92, 94 livelihood, 199, 209 jiaguwen 甲骨文 see oracle bone inscriptions Lives of Exemplary Women see Lienü zhuan Jian Di, 268 Lloyd, Geoﬀrey, 6, 13, 69, 71, 86, 124, 321 jianchu 建除, 49, 347 Loewe, Michael, 5, 182, 183, 184, 185 Jiang Yuan, 271 lot oracle, 116, 147, 152, 153, 154, 156, 157 Jing Zhong, 286 lots, 153, 163 Jiudian, 45, 319 Lü shi chunqiu, 97, 144, 270, 346, 347, 348 Jocasta, 306 Lun heng, 97, 257 Jupiter, 132, 318 see Year Star Lunar Lodges, 132, 203, 338, 343 Juyan, 39, 96 in Monthly Ordinance texts, 347 Lunyu, 302; see also Confucius Kalinowski, Marc, 6, 80, 282, 288, 339 lusis kakōn, 177, 189, 190, 192, 193, 196, 212, Keightley, David, 54, 77, 98, 268, 329, 367 213, 223, 226, 228, 244, 391 Kindt, Julia, 71, 280, 282, 283 King Jianzi of Zhao, 96, 256, 273 Ma Guohan, 335 King Ling of Chu, 310 Macedon, 25, 191, 192, 222, 293, 295 King Tang, 296 magi, 110 King Wen, 352 magic, 3, 158 King Wu, 33, 140 Major, John, 339, 343, 347, 349 Kleinman, Arthur, 261 Mandate of Heaven see Decree of Heaven Kuroda Genji, 348 Manetti, Giovanni, 64

466 Index

mantic access definition, 101 by Chinese women, 276 female, 104 and gender, 262 and general, 245, 247, 253 and Greek women, 276 healer, 106 mantic ambiguity, 315; see also oracular independent, 105, 121 ambiguity itinerant, 103, 106 mantic astrolabe, 11, 38, 135–37, 338, 341 itinerant female, 107 and cosmic models, 339 military, 105, 150 Heaven and Earth plates, 339 in myth, 104 Zhoujiatai text, 340 Manto, 103, 232, 263 mantic authority, 120, 379 manumission, 201, 264 mantic consultation, 27, 376 Mao Zedong, 76, 77 official, 213, 241, 251 Mardonius, 193, 245, 289, 290, 292 private, 251, 252, 255 Marquis of Dai, 338 by women, 263 Marquis of Zeng, 44 by Xenophon, 254 Marquis Yi of Zeng, 46, 133 mantic instruments, 271 marriage, 10, 182, 184, 205, 214, 249, 271 mantic lineage, 85, 108, 121, 122, 165, 374 Master Argument, 357 mantic narratives, 279, 293, 298, 301, 308, 313 Masters texts, 31, 36, 99, 100, 351, 385 Zuo zhuan, 286 mathematics, 191 mantic object, 262 Maurizio, Lisa, 29, 69, 82 mantic officials, 86 Mawangdui, 11, 39, 45, 96, 134, 139, 143, 144, Chinese, 86, 88, 100 318, 347, 349 mantic questions, 177 other Yi texts, 335 on childbirth, 214 Zhou yi, 335 on children, 214 May Fourth Movement, 79 Chinese and Greece compared, 212 medical divination see iatromancy on crime, 217 medicine, 321 on dwellings and construction, 200, 209 and divination, 384 four types, 177 Hippocratic, 321 and gender, 197 Megistias, 244 on illness, 215 Melampodids, 108 on livelihood, 216 Melampus, 104, 105, 106, 108 on marriage, 214 Mencius, 302 on past events, 178, 200 on physiognomy, 145 prediction, 177 Mesopotamia, 6, 28 private, 194, 213 Mesopotamian divination, 14, 64, 71, 82, 85, recommendation, 178 147, 163, 220, 240, 359 religion, 189 metaphor, 369 on religious cult, 194 microcosm–macrocosm correspondences, 382 and risk, 179 migration, 197 slavery, 217 Miletus, 156 success, 184 milfoil, 11, 34, 35, 38, 52, 85, 87, 88, 90, 93, 94, theological or cosmological, 178 97, 98, 100, 121, 126, 128, 129, 130, 132, on travel, 214 135, 141, 146, 162, 163, 176, 182, 184, 185, types in Zhou li, 182 186, 213, 242, 248, 249, 266, 271, 276, 286, mantic session, 240, 256, 273, 377 287, 288, 290, 304, 332, 333, 337, 367, 368, mantic subject, 262 374, 379, 382, 383, 389 definition, 262 Milfoil and Turtle Shells, 38 mantic texts, 48 ministers, 312 mantis, 2, 20, 84, 103, 105, 107, 108, 109, 111, Miscellaneous Divination (Zazhan), 38 119, 152, 290, 293, 361, 363, 374 Monthly Ordinances, 130, 137, 347

Index 467

Mopsus, 20, 23, 51, 103, 104, 110, 125 oracles, 110, 118, 314, 361 moral order, 310, 315 of Apollo, 25 Morgan, Catherine, 66 of Asclepius, 23, 25–26 Morphoscopy (Xingfa), 38 colonization, 190 Morris, Ian, 63 historicity, 189 Moxi, 295 local, 119 Mozi, 134 and manteis, 120 Mu Jiang, 266 military, 228, 244 myth, 3 of Mopsus, 23 myths of the acquisition of mantic gifts, 108 of Zeus, 23 of Zeus at Dodona, 110 Nagy, Gregory, 71 oracular ambiguity, 293, 307 narrow sample, 191 oracular language, 292 nationalism, 77 oracular obscurity, 282, 283 natural order, 312 ornithomancy, 147, 149, 162, 294 naturalism, 165, 384 ornithoscopy, 20 nature, 325 Orphans and Voids (guxu 孤虛), 172 phusis, 325, 327 osteomancy, 43 necromancy, 20, 147 Needham, Joseph, 385 palmistry, 272 Neolithic jade, 343 Panknier, David, 338, 350 new archaeology, 66 papyri see Greek magical papyri Ngo Van Xuyet, 10, 38, 86, 146, 172, 271 Paris school, 70 Nicias, 292, 298–99 Parke and Wormell, 29, 113, 114, 116, 188, Nine Palaces, 320 294, 399 Nine Songs (Jiu ge), 304 Pausanias, 21, 57, 103, 189, 192 Northern Dipper, 132, 203, 339 pelanos, 154 number, 11, 17, 167, 327, 331, 354 Peloponnesian War, 112, 125, 192, 223, 299 Nylan, Michael, 11, 328, 338 Penelope, 174 Perialla, 108 Odyssey, 102, 104 Persian War, 105, 192 Oedipus, 305 Philip of Macedon, 191 Oedipus Tyrannus, 21, 22, 281, 306 physicians, 98, 272 oikist, 190 and diviners, 124 Olympia, 25, 112, 246 Physiognomica, 160 Olympic Games, 25, 194 physiognomy, 95, 96, 101, 142, 159–61, 163, oneiromancy, 20, 22, 101, 120, 140, 162, 181, 256, 257, 266, 269, 270, 272, 347, 350, 351, 183, 255, 267, 296, 321, 364 352, 382 and lun (discourse), 187 Pindar, 194 Shuihudi, 211 pitch pipes, 91, 139, 349 special characteristics, 186 plague, 107, 193 oracle plastromancy, 129 of Ammon at Siwah, 294 plastrons, 129 of Apollo at Delphi, 25, 154 Plataea, battle of, 193, 245, 273, 288 of Apollo at Didyma, 156 Plato, 16, 61, 63, 82, 101, 107, 109, 149, 160, 359, to Laius, 306 370, 382 of Zeus at Dodona, 25, 153, 275 on Delphi, 355 of Zeus at Olympia, 25, 153 Pliny, 21, 57 oracle bone inscriptions, 4, 11, 43, 54, 87, 89, Plutarch, 20, 21, 51, 57, 154, 189, 192, 218, 245, 129, 163, 172, 177, 181, 183, 184, 186, 195, 263, 292, 297, 358, 369 213, 242, 265, 329, 331, 366, 380, 383 on Alexander, 292 oracle bones, 181 Lives,21 uninscribed, 181 poison, 201

468 Index

Polemo, De Physiognomonia, 160 rhetoric, 100, 265, 269, 322, 326, 370 pollution, 190, 193, 326 Ricci, Matteo, 5, 78 Poo Mu-chou, 80, 212, 219 riddles, 307 portents, 299–301, 313, 380 rishu日書 see daybooks variety of, 300 risk, 16, 179, 377 Posidonius, 358 taxonomy, 219 prayer, 324 ritual, 202, 246, 364, 383 prebattle divination, 246, 247 Daoist, 368 prebattle sacrifice, 106 robbery, 209 prediction, 3, 5, 62, 357, 379 Rochberg, Francesca, 72 predictions, 177, 184, 213, 293 Rome, 112 weather, 182 Ru, 36, 95, 97, 186, 328 predictions, verification, 179 Presocratics, 22 Sachkritik, 243 priestesses, 110, 263, 264 Sacred Orgas decree, 25, 250 Didyma, 264 Sacred Way, 27 Dodona, 264 sacrifice, 219 married, 263 sages, 311 priests, 113 Sanctions and Virtues, 139, 243, 347 Pritchett, W. K., 245, 247 Sanguo yanyi, 169 prognosis, 323, 326 Sciathus, 157 promanteia, 25, 52, 154, 155, 264 scribe-historian, 313 promantis, 101 scribes, 89, 312 Prometheus, 105 Selloi, 110, 121, 153 prophētēs, 84, 111, 119, 155, 156 semiosis, 12, 363 proto-science, 380 servants, 200 proxenos, 155 Seven Governors (qi zheng 七政), 172 Puett, Michael, 268, 385 sexagenary cycle, 10, 135, 172, 187, 208, 220, pulse diagnosis, 272 261, 317, 318, 338, 339, 345 purification, 106, 107, 190, 254, 326 Shang divination methods, 129 pyromancy, 2, 43, 129, 150, 181, 332 Shang prognostications, 181 Pythagoras, 158, 354 structure, 181 Pythagoreans, 150 Shanggudui see Fuyang Pythia, 27, 52, 107, 111, 112, 114–17, 154, 155, Shanghai Museum texts, 45, 333 240, 250, 354, 365 Shao Tuo, 58, 125, 410, 411 bribery of, 192 Shaughnessy, Edward, 33, 167, 183, 332, 334, corruption of (Perialla), 108 335, 337 on tripod, 110 shen 神 (“spirit”), 385 Shen Gua 沈括, 168 qi, 10, 11, 47, 91, 146, 165, 316, 321, 327, Shensheng, 291 348, 382 shi 史 see scribes, astronomy, officials, Taishi Qi Jiang, 292 shi 筮 see milfoil qian 籤 see divining rods shi 式 or shi pan 式盘 see mantic astrolabe Qianfu lun, 187 Shi ji, 92, 96, 119, 122, 135, 140, 249, 256, Qishan, 43, 331 270, 386 quantification, 336 Astronomical Treatise, 91, 338, 348, 350 collected biographies of diviners, 128 randomness, 163 Collected Biographies of Diviners of rationality, 3, 383 Auspicious Days, 39 Recipe Masters see fangshi Treatise on the Pitch Pipes, 50, 91, 140, 350 reciprocity, 219 Shi jing, 34, 255, 273, 303 regionalist paradigm, 78 Shu Ji of Jin, 269 Ren Wengong, 95 Shu jing, 33, 184, 248, 273

Index 469

Shu Xiang, 96, 269 Taibu ling 太卜令,90 Shuanggudui 雙古堆 see Fuyang Taichan shu 胎產書 see Book of the Generation Shuihudi, 11, 30, 45, 53, 91, 186, 319 of the Fetus childbirth prognostication, 207 Taichang 太常,90 daybooks, 142, 187, 203, 217, 219, 251, 271, Taishi 大史, see Director of Astronomy 347, 378, 412 Taishi ling 太史令, 90, 91, 127 iatromancy in daybooks, 317–18 Taiyi, 319, 320, 341 illness prognostications, 208 Taizhu 大祝 see Director of Incantation Interrogation (Jie 詰), 211 Tang Ju of Liang, 96, 123, 270 Shushu 數術 (Numbers and Techniques), 32, technical treatises, 50, 243, 338 37, 375 tekhnē, 61, 114, 149, 159, 323, 355, 375 sibyls, 103, 104, 109 Telliads, 108 sifang (four-direction) cosmology, 330 Tellias of Elis, 245 signs, 362 Thales, 353 Silanus, 253 Theoclymenus, 103 Sima Jizhu, 80, 92, 97, 119 theopropos, 104 Sima Qian, 39, 90, 91, 122 theōros, 155 Sima Tan, 90, 91, 122 Thomas, Rosalind, 53 Sipanmo, 43, 330 “Three Mantic Astrolabes” (Sanshi 三式), 167 Sivin, Nathan, 301, 317, 328 Thucydides, 20, 57, 308 skepticism, 356 tian ming 天命, see Decree of Heaven slavery, 81, 201, 210, 236 Tianwen 天文 see Celestial Patterns slaves, 159, 201–2, 377 Tianwen qixiang zazhan 天文氣象雜占, see mantic queries by, 264 Miscellaneous Prognostications by Smith, Richard J., 6, 79, 164, 258, 272 Celestial Patterns and Qi Conﬁgurations Snodgrass, Anthony, 66 Tianxingguan, 44, 55, 182, 195 social hierarchy, 310 Tiresias, 20, 22, 51, 103, 104, 105, 108, 175, 175, Socrates, 22, 107, 163, 196, 218, 252, 273, 355 232, 263, 281, 306 Sophocles, 21, 111, 162, 281, 305, 306, 307 Tisamenus of Elis, 20, 105, 108, 119, 289, 290 sortition, 128, 131, 157, 163, 251, 332 TLV design, 344 sphagia, 151, 247, 273, 289 travel, 199, 204 in Xenophon, 253, 254 treasure houses (thēsauroi), 68 spirit medium, 2, 158, 363 trigrams, 336 wu, 88, 97, 267, 363 Tryphōsa, 121, 263 stalk casting, 130 tukhē, 292 standard histories, 39 turtle and milfoil, 130, 146, 185, 186, 288, star divination, 132 379, 382 Stoics, 313, 356, 369 diviners, 87, 97, 98 on fate, 358 Strabo, 57, 154 Vandermeersch, Léon, 73, 330, 367, 369 Strickmann, Michel, 261 Venture, Olivier, 366 Struck, Peter, 369 Venus tablet, 148 suan ming xiansheng 算命先生, 260 veriﬁcation, 183, 384 Sui 歲 see Year divination; Year Star Vernant, Jacques, 73 sumpatheia, 358 Vernant, Jean-Pierre, 5, 6, 65, 68, 73, 86, 124, Sun Wenzi, 266 280, 283, 365, 370, 372, 373, 382 Sunzi’s Art of War, 37, 246 Wei Ernan 維爾南,81 superstition, 3, 7, 259 Suwen, 320 Wang Aihe, 328 symmetry, 327, 329 Wang Chong, 36, 60, 97, 187, 266, 269, 352, 358, 386 Taibo yinjing, 168 Wang Fu, 142, 187 Taibu 大卜 see Director of Divination Wang Mang, 136

470 Index

Wang Yirong, 43 ya 亞, 330 Wangjiatai, 45, 186, 334, 339, 346 Yamada Keiji, 348 hexagram statements, 185 Yan Junping, 93, 251, 256 Wangshan, 44, 55, 182, 195, 220, 317, 319 Yang Hou, 95 warfare, 10 Yang Hua, 319 watching for qi, 91, 140, 170, 349 Yang Xiong, 93 Weber, Max, 79 yao illnesses, 320 Wei Ping, 136 yarrow see milfoil Wei Xian, 350 Yates, Robin, 326 Weiliaozi,37 Year divination, 195 wellbeing, 189, 194, 197, 216, 251 Year Star, 132, 318 West, M. L., 148 Yi divination, 11, 130 wind divination, 350 Yi jing, 7, 30, 32, 33, 38, 39, 40, 48, 60, 76, by women, 271 80, 93, 94, 130, 163, 166, 167, 172, iatromancy, 319 331, 335, 336, 337, 367, 375, 379, wind horns, 37, 91, 146, 172, 243 385, 390 winds in Huangdi neijing, 320 oral antecedents, 367 Winkler, John, 175 Yi li,52 witchcraft, 201 yin and yang 陰陽 see yin–yang women, 85, 96, 121, 258, 262, 264, 377 Yinqueshan, 39, 96, 143 access to Delphi, 264 “Prohibitions” (Jin 禁), 138 in daybooks, 212 Yinwan, 346, 346 as mantic consultors, 272 yin–yang, 17, 165, 316, 317, 321, 326, 327, 329, as mantic objects, 198, 263, 271, 276 369, 382 as mantic practitioners, 123, 264, 386 polarity, 329 as mantic subjects, 265, 271 Yuan Shushan, 386 in oracle bone inscriptions, 265 Yue ling calendars see Monthly Ordinances and oracular consultation, 263 Yutaishan, 44 Wooden Wall oracle, 108, 274, 308 writing, 153, 163, 365, 366, 367, 382 Zeng Hou Yi 曾侯乙 see Marquis of Zeng wu 巫 see spirit medium Zeus, 23, 163, 281 Wu Ding, 329 Zhang Zhenglang, 332 Wu Xian 巫咸, 304 Zhangjiapo, 333 Wu Yang 巫陽, 304 Zhangjiashan, 53, 91 Wubeizhi, 168 Zhongba, 46, 120, 181 Wuwei (Gansu), 46, 137, 138 Zhou li, 30, 34, 88, 89, 90, 99, 139, 141, 177 wuxing, 37, 165, 211, 317, 321, 327, 340, 346, mantic question types, 182 348, 352, 369 Zhou yi, 30, 32, 33, 38, 45, 46, 48, 59, 130, 177, wuxing 五行 (Five Agents) see wuxing 183, 185, 287, 316, 328, 329, 330, 333, 335, Wuxing zhan, 339 336, 337, 367, 375, 383, 390 Fuyang, 46, 334 Xenophanes, 12, 353 Mawangdui, 335 Xenophon, 20, 21, 58, 105, 106, 217, 218, 244, Zhoujiatai, 45, 338, 339 246, 252–55, 273, 274, 377 Zhouyuan oracle bones, 331, 332 mantic query by, 196 Zhuangzi, 78, 144, 351 Xi ci, 33, 166, 335, 336, 390 Zhuge Liang, 169 Xiang shu, 351 Zuo zhuan, 31, 35, 96, 134, 141, 177, 182, 184, xingde 刑德 see Sanctions and Virtues 186, 188, 242, 247, 248, 266, 267, 283, 310, xiu 宿 see Lunar Lodges 314, 377 Xu Fu, 96, 350 hexagrams, 335 Xunzi, 31, 145 predictive cycles, 282, 290