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National Monitoring Programme for Marine Biodiversity in Lebanon

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National Monitoring Programme for Marine Biodiversity in Lebanon REPUBLIC OF LEBANON MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT NatioNal MoNitoriNg PrograMMe for MariNe Biodiversity iN leBaNoN With the fnancial support of EcAp-Med II Project legal notice: The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this document do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Specially Protected Areas Regional Activity Centre (SPA/RAC) and UN Environment/Mediterranean Action Plan (MAP) and those of the Lebanese Ministry of Environment concerning the legal status of any State, Territory, city or area, or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of their frontiers or boundaries. This publication was produced with the fnancial support of the European Union. Its contents are the sole responsibility of SPA/RAC and do not necessarily refect the views of the European Union. Copyright : All property rights of texts and content of different types of this publication belong to SPA/RAC. Reproduction of these texts and contents, in whole or in part, and in any form, is prohibited without prior written permission from SPA/RAC, except for educational and other non-commercial purposes, provided that the source is fully acknowledged. © 2019 - United Nations Environment Programme Mediterranean Action Plan Specially Protected Areas Regional Activity Centre (SPA/RAC) Boulevard du Leader Yasser Arafat B.P. 337 1080 Tunis Cedex - Tunisia. [email protected] for bibliographic purposes, this document may be cited as: SPA/RAC–UN Environment/MAP, 2018. National monitoring programme for marine Biodiversity in Lebanon; by: Bitar G., Ramadan Jaradi G., Hraoui-Bloquet S., & Lteif M., Ed SPA/RAC EcAp Med II project, Tunis, 111 pp. Cover photos credit: © SPA/RAC, Alfonso Ramos. The present document has been prepared in the framework of the EcAp Med II project fnanced by the European Union. For more information: www.spa-rac.org National Monitoring Programme for Marine Biodiversity in Lebanon EcAp-Med II Project Study required and fnanced by: EcAp-Med II Project Specially Protected Areas Regional Activity Centre (SPA/RAC) Boulevard du Leader Yasser Arafat B.P. 337 1080 Tunis Cedex - Tunisia [email protected] In charge of the study at SPA/RAC • Mehdi AiSSI, Project Offcer – EcAp-Med • Asma YAhYAoui, Associate Project Offcer – EcAp-Med In charge of the study at the Ministry of Environment of Lebanon • Lara SAMAhA, head of the Department of Ecosystems In charge of the study • Ghazi BITAR, marine benthic habitats and NIS expert, Lebanese University • Ghassan RAMADAN JARADI, seabird expert, Lebanese University • Souad hRAOUI-BLOQUET, marine turtles expert, Lebanese University • Myriam LTEIF, Researcher, National Centre for Marine Sciences With the participation of • Milad FAKhRI, Director of National Centre for Marine Sciences • Gaby KhALAF, Senior Adviser, National Centre for Marine Sciences 2 MINIStERIAL foREWoRd healthy and biologically diverse marine and coastal By working together, the Ministry of Environment of ecosystems are essential for human well-being, as they Lebanon and the Specially Protected Areas Regional provide invaluable ecosystem services. Therefore, the Activity centre (SPA/RAC) elaborated the National mo- application of the ecosystem approach to the human nitoring programme for marine biodiversity following a activities is very important to establish the balance collaborative approach involving national stakeholders, between conservation and the sustainable use of the local scientists, national organizations and civil society. marine biodiversity. This programme will help establishing an effective mo- highly aware of the importance of the marine environ- nitoring and reporting systems to better assess the mental issues in Lebanon, the Lebanese Government is environmental status of the marine ecosystem and to engaged to establishing adequate measures that are support decision making in the formulation of effective consistent with the Ecosystem approach principles. marine policies. however, there is a pressing need to continue the ex- cellent Lebanese commitment to studying and protec- ting the marine biodiversity. Minister of Environment Fady Jreissati 3 FoREWoRd The ecosystem approach (EcAp) is an overarching knowledge to the preparation of specifc ecological concept adopted at global level to guide the countries objectives and their related common indicators in efforts to manage biological resources towards different parts of the Mediterranean. enhancing sustainable development and poverty Preliminary evaluation at the frst steps of the Project alleviation. As defned by the UN Convention on pointed out the existence of knowledge scarcity in Biological Diversity (UNCBD), EcAp is a “strategy for terms of Mediterranean biodiversity in some areas and the integrated management of land, water and living that numerous key potential areas were not regularly resources that promotes conservation and sustainable monitored, even if they were known by scientists use in an equitable way». and national stakeholders for their impact on the In the Mediterranean region, the integration of the aggregation of biodiversity in their surroundings. ecosystem approach in the regional and national policies Considering this, SPA/RAC elaborated a strategy to and sectoral development strategies has become assist Lebanon in the development of its national the number one priority for the region to promote the Monitoring and Assessment Programme (IMAP) related achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals. to biodiversity (EO1) and non-indigenous species In 2008, the Contracting Parties to the Barcelona (EO2). A collaborative process, involving the Lebanese Convention for the Protection of the Marine Environment Ministry of Environment, national stakeholders, experts and the Coastal Region of the Mediterranean Sea, namely and MPA managers, was undertaken to successfully 21 Mediterranean countries and the European Union, i) identify national priorities for the next step of the decided to progressively apply the ecosystem approach IMAP implementation (2019-2021); ii) discuss the list to the management of human activities that may affect of species and habitats of interest to be monitored the Mediterranean marine and coastal environment, and assessed; iii) agree on the list of key areas to be and initiate the EcAp process involving scientists and monitored including Marine Protected Areas (MPAs); policy makers and other competent organizations and and iv) develop the national Monitoring Programme on authorities. They agreed on an implementation roadmap Marine Biodiversity in Lebanon. driven by a shared vision: “A healthy Mediterranean with This national monitoring programme is a frst step marine and coastal ecosystems that are productive and towards the next phase (2019-2021) of the IMAP biologically diverse for the beneft of present and future implementation that will help establishing more generations”. complete database of quality assurance data and In fact, the EcAp has become the guiding principle contribute to the development of solid assessment of the Mediterranean Action Plan mid-term strategy reports, such as the 2023 Mediterranean Quality Status and overarching policy for the development and Report (2023 MED QSR), based on quantitative rather implementation of any action undertaken within than qualitative information. This shows Lebanon’s Barcelona Convention, with the ultimate objective of commitment to protect the marine environment through achieving the Good Environmental Status (GES) of the the implementation of the SPA/DB Protocol and the Mediterranean. EcAp process of the Barcelona convention. Starting a new Project on the implementation of the SPA/RAC and the Ministry of Environment of Lebanon ecosystem approach principles named EcAp-MED have a longstanding and fruitful collaboration. This II (Mediterranean implementation of the Ecosystem collaboration will be continued to overcome the future Approach, in coherence with the EU MSFD) and funded phase challenges and take a step further towards by the European Union, was a challenge. The previous achieving the good environmental status of the EcAp- MED I project was oriented based on regional Mediterranean Sea and coast. SPA/RAC Director Khalil Attia tABLE of CoNtENtS I. IntRoDuCtIon AnD gEnERAl fRAMEwoRk ................................................................................................ 11 II. nAtIonAl MonItoRIng PRogRAMME foR MARInE bEnthIC hAbItAtS .............................................. 13 1. IntRoDuCtIon .............................................................................................................................................. 13 2. ISSuES In thE bEnthIC hAbItAt MonItoRIng PRogRAMME............................................................... 13 3. CoMMon InDICAtoRS (CIS) of thE ECologICAl objECtIvE 1 “bIoDIvERSIty” RElAtED to MARInE hAbItAtS ........................................................................................................................................ 13 3.1. Marine Biodiversity in Lebanon .......................................................................................................................... 14 3.2. Species with heritage value and interest for conservation .............................................................................. 14 3.3. Benthic bionomy and habitats ........................................................................................................................... 27 3.4. List of habitats to be monitored ........................................................................................................................
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