CONTENTS
Foreword Jane Goodall
Preface
1 / CURRENT FIELDWORK: Pan troglodytes
Gombe
Gombe: Highlights and Current Research 2 Jane Goodall
Chimpanzee Use of Medicinal Leaves 22 Richard W. Wrangham and Jane Goodall
Methods for Isolating Chimpanzee Vocal Communication 38 Christopher Boehm
The Research at Gombe: Its Influence on Human Knowledge 60 Roger S. Fouts
Mahale Mountains
Research at Mahale 66 Toshisada Nishida
Social Interactions between Resident and Immigrant Female Chimpanzees 68 Toshisada Nishida
Sexual Behavior of Immigrant and Resident Female Chimpanzees at Mahale 90 Toshikazu Hasegawa
Sex Differences in the Behavioral Development of Chimpanzees at Mahale 104 Mariko Hiraiwa-Hasegawa Additional Sites
Feeding Ecology of Chimpanzees in the Kibale Forest, Uganda 116 G. Isabirye-Basuta
Recent Research on Chimpanzees in West Africa 128 William C. McGrew
Population Dynamics of Chimpanzees at Bossou, Guinea 134 Yukimaru Sugiyama
The Use of Stone Tools by Wild-living Chimpanzees 146 Adriaan Kortlandt
ChimpanZoo 148 Jane Goodall
2 / CURRENT FIELDWORK: Pan paniscus
Introduction: The Fourth Ape 152 Frans Β. Μ. de Waal
Behavioral Contrasts between Bonobo and Chimpanzee 154 Frans Β. Μ. de Waal
The Sexual Behavior of Pygmy Chimpanzees 176 Takayoshi Kano
Developmental Retardation and Behavioral Characteristics of Pygmy Chimpanzees 184 Suehisa Kuroda
Social Organization of Pygmy Chimpanzees 194 Frances J. White
3 / THE CHIMPANZEE MIND
Are Animals Intelligent? Wolfgang Köhler's Approach 210 Emil W. Menzel, Jr.
Cross-fostered Chimpanzees: I. Testing Vocabulary 220 R. Allen Gardner and Beatrix T. Gardner
Cross-fostered Chimpanzees: II. Modulation of Meaning 234 Beatrix T. Gardner and R. Allen Gardner Signing Interactions between Mother and Infant Chimpanzees 242 Deborah H. Fouts
Spontaneous Pattern Construction in a Chimpanzee 252 Tetsuro Matsuzawa
Symbol Acquisition and Use by Pan troglodytes, Pan paniscus, Homo sapiens 266 Sue Savage-Rumbaugh, Mary Ann Romski, William D. Hopkins, and Rose A. Sevcik
Current and Future Research on Chimpanzee Intellect 296 Duane M. Rumbaugh
41 CHIMPANZEE CONSERVATION
Population Status of Wild Chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) and Threats to Survival 312 Geza Teleki
Demography of Chimpanzees in Captivity 354 Katherine Latinen
Area Status Report: Tanzania 360 Jane Goodall
Conservation Status of Pan paniscus 362 Richard K. Malenky, Nancy Thompson-Handler, and Randall L. Susman
5 / EVOLUTION and EPILOGUE
Hominoid Sociobiology and Hominid Social Evolution 370 Michael P. Ghiglieri
Epilogue: Understanding Chimpanzees and Bonobos, Understanding Ourselves 380 Paul G. Heltne
Contributors 385
Name Index 387
Subject Index 393