The Information Animal and the Super-Brain
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Sustainable Urban Logistics
Sustainable Urban Logistics Series Editor Jean-Paul Bourrières Sustainable Urban Logistics Planning and Evaluation Jesus Gonzalez-Feliu First published 2018 in Great Britain and the United States by ISTE Ltd and John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Apart from any fair dealing for the purposes of research or private study, or criticism or review, as permitted under the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, this publication may only be reproduced, stored or transmitted, in any form or by any means, with the prior permission in writing of the publishers, or in the case of reprographic reproduction in accordance with the terms and licenses issued by the CLA. Enquiries concerning reproduction outside these terms should be sent to the publishers at the undermentioned address: ISTE Ltd John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 27-37 St George’s Road 111 River Street London SW19 4EU Hoboken, NJ 07030 UK USA www.iste.co.uk www.wiley.com © ISTE Ltd 2018 The rights of Jesus Gonzalez-Feliu to be identified as the author of this work have been asserted by him in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. Library of Congress Control Number: 2017962517 British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data A CIP record for this book is available from the British Library ISBN 978-1-78630-179-6 Contents Preface .......................................... ix Chapter 1. Where Are We After 20 Years of Urban Logistics?.................................... 1 1.1. Introduction .................................... 1 1.2. The valorization of research in urban logistics: French and international approaches ........................ 7 1.3. From research to practice: a plethora of projects, initiatives and their practical application .................... -
Language Evolution to Revolution: from a Slowly Developing Finite Communication System with Many Words to Infinite Modern Language
bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/166520; this version posted July 20, 2017. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse allowed without permission. Language evolution to revolution: from a slowly developing finite communication system with many words to infinite modern language Andrey Vyshedskiy1,2* 1Boston University, Boston, USA 2ImagiRation LLC, Boston, MA, USA Keywords: Language evolution, hominin evolution, human evolution, recursive language, flexible syntax, human language, syntactic language, modern language, Cognitive revolution, Great Leap Forward, Upper Paleolithic Revolution, Neanderthal language Abstract There is overwhelming archeological and genetic evidence that modern speech apparatus was acquired by hominins by 600,000 years ago. There is also widespread agreement that modern syntactic language arose with behavioral modernity around 100,000 years ago. We attempted to answer two crucial questions: (1) how different was the communication system of hominins before acquisition of modern language and (2) what triggered the acquisition of modern language 100,000 years ago. We conclude that the communication system of hominins prior to 100,000 years ago was finite and not- recursive. It may have had thousands of words but was lacking flexible syntax, spatial prepositions, verb tenses, and other features that enable modern human language to communicate an infinite number of ideas. We argue that a synergistic confluence of a genetic mutation that dramatically slowed down the prefrontal cortex (PFC) development in monozygotic twins and their spontaneous invention of spatial prepositions 100,000 years ago resulted in acquisition of PFC-driven constructive imagination (mental synthesis) and converted the finite communication system of their ancestors into infinite modern language. -
The Natural Science Underlying Big History
Review Article [Accepted for publication: The Scientific World Journal, v2014, 41 pages, article ID 384912; printed in June 2014 http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/384912] The Natural Science Underlying Big History Eric J. Chaisson Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138 USA [email protected] Abstract Nature’s many varied complex systems—including galaxies, stars, planets, life, and society—are islands of order within the increasingly disordered Universe. All organized systems are subject to physical, biological or cultural evolution, which together comprise the grander interdisciplinary subject of cosmic evolution. A wealth of observational data supports the hypothesis that increasingly complex systems evolve unceasingly, uncaringly, and unpredictably from big bang to humankind. This is global history greatly extended, big history with a scientific basis, and natural history broadly portrayed across ~14 billion years of time. Human beings and our cultural inventions are not special, unique, or apart from Nature; rather, we are an integral part of a universal evolutionary process connecting all such complex systems throughout space and time. Such evolution writ large has significant potential to unify the natural sciences into a holistic understanding of who we are and whence we came. No new science (beyond frontier, non-equilibrium thermodynamics) is needed to describe cosmic evolution’s major milestones at a deep and empirical level. Quantitative models and experimental tests imply that a remarkable simplicity underlies the emergence and growth of complexity for a wide spectrum of known and diverse systems. Energy is a principal facilitator of the rising complexity of ordered systems within the expanding Universe; energy flows are as central to life and society as they are to stars and galaxies. -
Chapter 4: Whai Can the Fossil Record Tell Lis About Human Origins?
anthropq what does it mean to be human? FOURTH EDITION Robert H. Lavenda St. Cloud State University Emily A. Schultz St. Cloud State University NewYork Oxford ^ot8OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS What can the fossil record tell us about human origi ns? Anthropology has made major contributions to our understanling of human biological and cultural evolution. This chapter tells the story of what we have learned from fossils, stone tools, and other cultural remains, from the appearance of our earliest known ancestors about 6 millioil years ago through the appearance of modern Homo sapiens about 200,000 years ago. CHAPTER OUTLINE What ls Macroevolution? The Culture of H. erectus What Do We Know about the What ls Hominin Evolution? H. erectusthe Hunter? Upper Paleolithic/Late Stone Who Were the First Hominins What Happened to H. erectus? Age (40,000?-1 2,000 Years Ago)? (6-3 mya)? How Did Homo sopiens Evolve? The Origin of Bipedalism What ls the Fossil Evidence for What Happened to the Changes in Hominin Dentition the Transition to Modern H. Neandertals? Who Were the Later sapiens? How Many Kinds of Upper Australopiths (3-1.5 mya)? Where Did Modern H. sapiens Paleolithic/Late Stone Age How Many Species of Come from? Cultures Were There? Australopith Were There? Who Were the Neandertals Where Did Modern H. sapiens How Can Anthropologists (1 30,000-35,000 Years Ago)? Migrate in Late Pleistocene Explain the Human Transition? What Do We Know about Times? What Do We Know about Early Middle Paleolithic/Middle Eastern Asia and Siberia Homo (2.4-1.5 mya)? -
Forest Insect and Disease Conditions in the United States 2000
United States Department Forest Insect and Of Agriculture Forest Service Disease Conditions Forest Health Protection in the United States March 2002 2000 Healthy Forests Make A World of Difference United States Department Of Agriculture Forest Insect and Forest Service Disease Conditions Forest Health Protection in the United States March 2002 2000 PREFACE This is the 50th annual report prepared by the U.S. • seed orchard insects and diseases; Department of Agriculture Forest Service (USDA • nursery insects and diseases; and Forest Service) of the insect and disease conditions of • abiotic damage. the Nation's forests. This report responds to direction in the Cooperative Forestry Assistance Act of 1978, as These categories are listed in the table of contents; amended, to conduct surveys and report annually on there is no index. insect and disease conditions of major national significance. Insect and disease conditions of local The information in this report is provided by the Forest importance are reported in regional and State reports. Health Protection Program of the USDA Forest Service. This program serves all Federal lands, The report describes the extent and nature of insect- including the National Forest System and the lands and disease-caused damage of national significance in administered by the Departments of Defense and 2000. As in the past, selected insect and disease Interior. Service is also provided to tribal lands. The conditions are highlighted in the front section of the program provides assistance to private landowners report. Maps are provided for some pests showing through the State foresters. A key part of the program affected counties in the East and affected areas in the is detecting and reporting insect and disease epidemics West. -
Homo Erectus Infancy and Childhood the Turning Point in the Evolution of Behavioral Development in Hominids
10 Homo erectus Infancy and Childhood The Turning Point in the Evolution of Behavioral Development in Hominids Sue Taylor Parker In man, attachment is mediated by several different sorts of behaviour of which the most obvious are crying and calling, babbling and smiling, clinging, non-nutritional sucking, and locomotion as used in approach, following and seeking. —John Bowlby, Attachment The evolution of hominid behavioral ontogeny can be recon - structed using two lines of evidence: first, comparative neontological data on the behavior and development of living hominoid species (humans and the great apes), and second, comparative paleontolog- ical and archaeological evidence associated with fossil hominids. (Although behavior rarely fossilizes, it can leave significant traces.) 1 In this chapter I focus on paleontological and neontological evi - dence relevant to modeling the evolution of the following hominid adaptations: (1) bipedal locomotion and stance; (2) tool use and tool making; (3) subsistence patterns; (4) growth and development and other life history patterns; (5) childbirth; (6) childhood and child care; and (7) cognition and cognitive development. In each case I present a cladistic model for the origins of the characters in question. 2 Specifically, I review pertinent data on the following widely recog - nized hominid genera and species: Australopithecus species (A. afarensis , A. africanus , and A. robustus [Paranthropus robustus]) , early Homo species (Australopithecus gahri , Homo habilis , and Homo rudolfensis) , and Middle Pleistocene Homo species (Homo erectus , Homo ergaster , and others), which I am calling erectines . Copyrighted Material www.sarpress.org 279 S UE TAYLOR PARKER Table 10.1 Estimated Body Weights and Geological Ages of Fossil Hominids _______________________________________________________________________ Species Geologic Age Male Weight Female Weight (MYA) (kg) (kg) _______________________________________________________________________ A. -
Late Pleistocene Adult Mortality Patterns and Modern Human Establishment
Late Pleistocene adult mortality patterns and modern human establishment Erik Trinkaus1 Department of Anthropology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130 Contributed by Erik Trinkaus, December 14, 2010 (sent for review November 29, 2010) The establishment of modern humans in the Late Pleistocene, after approximately 45 kyr B.P. that there are multiple indirect subsequent to their emergence in eastern Africa, is likely to have indications of such population increases, in at least some portions involved substantial population increases, during their initial of the Old World. Cultural traditions in both technology and or- dispersal across southern Asia and their subsequent expansions namentation become stable in some regions (11, 12), implying throughout Africa and into more northern Eurasia. An assessment more demographic stability (13). Evidence from stable isotopes of younger (20–40 y) versus older (>40 y) adult mortality distribu- and faunal remains suggests that populations were increasingly tions for late archaic humans (principally Neandertals) and two needing to exploit small package food resources requiring greater samples of early modern humans (Middle Paleolithic and earlier investment of acquisition effort (14–17). The demise of at least Upper Paleolithic) provides little difference across the samples. All one of the large Pleistocene carnivores, Ursus spelaeus, has been three Late Pleistocene samples have a dearth of older individuals attributed to increased competition for space from expanding compared with Holocene ethnographic/historical samples. They human populations, especially after approximately 50 kyr B.P. also lack older adults compared with Holocene paleodemographic (18, 19). And although body decoration appears sporadically profiles that have been critiqued for having too few older individ- earlier (20, 21), there was a marked increase in the social modi- uals for subsistence, social, and demographic viability. -
Research on Hazardous Chemical Road Transportation Route Optimization Based on the New Ant Colony Algorithm
1375 A publication of CHEMICAL ENGINEERING TRANSACTIONS VOL. 62, 2017 The Italian Association of Chemical Engineering Online at www.aidic.it/cet Guest Editors: Fei Song, Haibo Wang, Fang He Copyright © 2017, AIDIC Servizi S.r.l. ISBN 978-88-95608- 60-0; ISSN 2283-9216 DOI: 10.3303/CET1762230 Research on Hazardous Chemical Road Transportation Route Optimization Based on the New Ant Colony Algorithm Duan Zheng Xi’an International University, Xi’an 710077, China [email protected] With the acceleration of industrialization in China, the output and transportation volume of hazardous chemical have increased dramatically. On the one hand, chemical has injected new vitality into the social and economic development. On the other hand, the safety of hazardous chemical has also been highlighted. According to statistics, hazardous chemical accidents in transportation links accounted for 35% of hazardous chemical accidents. Hazardous chemical transportation accident belongs to the low probability and serious consequence event. Once hazardous chemical accident occurs, it will cause great losses to people's lives, property and ecological environment. The hazardous chemical road transportation security question becomes the question which the people pay close attention to. In order to reduce hazardous chemical transportation accidents, we study the hazardous chemical transportation route optimization. In this paper, we propose an improved ant colony algorithm. The improved ant colony algorithm not only considers the transportation time and transportation risk, but also improves its algorithm settings. The improved algorithm is more suitable for optimizing the path of hazardous chemical. The experiments in this paper also verify the effectiveness and reliability of the improved algorithm. -
Hybrid Ant Colony Optimization for Sinkhole Detection in WSN
International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 08 Issue: 06 | June 2021 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 Hybrid Ant Colony Optimization for Sinkhole Detection in WSN Madhu Nagaraj1, Rampur Srinath2 1PG Student, Dept. of Information Science and Engineering, NIE, Mysore, India 2Associate Professor, Dept. of Information Science and Engineering, NIE, Mysore, India ---------------------------------------------------------------------***---------------------------------------------------------------------- Abstract - In a Wireless Sensor Network (WSN), grouping is organization, causing routine operations to be hampered. among the most important tasks, in which one of the hubs And reduced energy proficiency [13] can also have an impact from a group of hubs is chosen to be the group head, as well as on group preparation. the group head is liable for both standard activities and the administration of other hubs within the group. Malicious hub 2. SINKHOLE ATTACK finding is also essential in the wireless sensor network (WSN), with the purpose of preventing the malicious hub from WSNs are vulnerable to a variety of risks, including sinkhole becoming the group head. Furthermore, as the malicious hubs attacks, which have been regarded as one of the most grow, so does the likelihood of becoming a malicious hub as a bunch head increases. A Hybrid Ant Colony based pernicious significant. A rogue node advertises itself as the best possible hub location and bunch head choosing approach is presented path to the base station in this form of attack, deceiving its to identify harmful hub as well as to choose a relatively high neighbors into using the route more frequently. As a result, hub for the center point. -
A CRITICAL EVALUATION of the LOWER-MIDDLE PALAEOLITHIC ARCHAEOLOGICAL RECORD of the CHALK UPLANDS of NORTHWEST EUROPE Lesley
A CRITICAL EVALUATION OF THE LOWER-MIDDLE PALAEOLITHIC ARCHAEOLOGICAL RECORD OF THE CHALK UPLANDS OF NORTHWEST EUROPE The Chilterns, Pegsdon, Bedfordshire (photograph L. Blundell) Lesley Blundell UCL Thesis submitted for the degree of PhD September 2019 2 I, Lesley Blundell, confirm that the work presented in this thesis is my own. Where information has been derived from other sources, I confirm that this has been indicated in the thesis. Signed: 3 4 Abstract Our understanding of early human behaviour has always been and continues to be predicated on an archaeological record unevenly distributed in space and time. More than 80% of British Lower-Middle Palaeolithic findspots were discovered during the late 19th/early 20th centuries, the majority from lowland fluvial contexts. Within the British planning process and some academic research, the resultant findspot distributions are taken at face value, with insufficient consideration of possible bias resulting from variables operating on their creation. This leads to areas of landscape outside the river valleys being considered to have only limited archaeological potential. This thesis was conceived as an attempt to analyse the findspot data of the Lower-Middle Palaeolithic record of the Chalk uplands of southeast Britain and northern France within a framework complex enough to allow bias in the formation of findspot distribution patterns and artefact preservation/discovery opportunities to be identified and scrutinised more closely. Taking a dynamic, landscape = record approach, this research explores the potential influence of geomorphology, 19th/early 20th century industrialisation and antiquarian collecting on the creation of the Lower- Middle Palaeolithic record through the opportunities created for artefact preservation and release. -
Tumbaga-Metal Figures from Panama: a Conservation Initiative to Save a Fragile Coll
SPRING 2006 IssuE A PUBLICATION OF THE PEABODY MUSEUM AND THE DEPARTMENT OF ANTHROPOLOGY, HARVARD UNIVERSITY • 11 DIVINITY AVENUE CAMBRIDGE, MA 02138 DIGGING HARVARD YARD No smoking, drinking, glass-break the course, which was ing-what? Far from being a puritani taught by William Fash, cal haven, early Harvard College was a Howells director of the colorful and lively place. The first Peabody Museum, and Harvard students did more than wor Patricia Capone and Diana ship and study: they smoked, drank, Loren, Peabody Museum and broke a lot of windows. None of associate curators. They which was allowed, except on rare were assisted by Molly occasion. In the early days, Native Fierer-Donaldson, graduate American and English youth also stud student in Archaeology, ied, side by side. Archaeological and and Christina Hodge, historical records of early Harvard Peabody Museum senior Students excavating outside Matthews Hall. Photo by Patricia bring to life the experiences of our curatorial assistant and Capor1e. predecessors, teaching us that not only graduate student in is there an untold story to be Archaeology at Boston unearthed, but also, that we may learn University. ALEXANDER MARSHACK new perspectives by reflecting on our Archaeological data recovered from ARCHIVE DONATED TO THE shared history: a history that reaches Harvard Yard enriches our view of the PEABODY MUSEUM beyond the university walls to local seventeenth- through nineteenth-cen Native American communities. tury lives of students and faculty Jiving The Peabody Museum has received the The Fall 2005 course Anthropology in Harvard Yard. In the seventeenth generous donation of the photographs 1130: The Archaeology of Harvard Yard century, Harvard Yard included among and papers of Alexander Marshack brought today's Harvard students liter its four buildings the Old College, the from his widow, Elaine. -
Exploring Ant-Based Algorithms for Gene Expression Data Analysis
Exploring Ant-Based Algorithms for Gene Expression Data Analysis Yulan Hea,∗, Siu Cheung Huib aSchool of Engineering, Computing and Mathematics, University of Exeter North Park Road, Exeter EX4 4QF, UK bSchool of Computer Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798 Summary Objective: Recently, much research has been proposed using nature inspired al- gorithms to perform complex machine learning tasks. Ant colony optimization (ACO) is one such algorithm based on swarm intelligence and is derived from a model inspired by the collective foraging behavior of ants. Taking advantage of the ACO in traits such as self-organization and robustness, this paper investi- gates ant-based algorithms for gene expression data clustering and associative classification. Methods and Material: An ant-based clustering (Ant-C) and an ant-based as- sociation rule mining (Ant-ARM) algorithms are proposed for gene expression data analysis. The proposed algorithms make use of the natural behavior of ants such as cooperation and adaptation to allow for a flexible robust search for a good candidate solution. ∗Corresponding author. Tel.: +44 1392 263591; Fax: +44 1392 264067. Email addresses: [email protected] (Yulan He), [email protected] (Siu Cheung Hui) Preprint submitted to Elsevier January 25, 2013 Results: Ant-C has been tested on the three datasets selected from the Stanford Genomic Resource Database and achieved relatively high accuracy compared to other classical clustering methods. Ant-ARM has been tested on the acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) / acute myeloid leukemia (AML) dataset and generated about 30 classification rules with high accuracy. Conclusions: Ant-C can generate optimal number of clusters without incor- porating any other algorithms such as K-means or agglomerative hierarchical clustering.