DOCSLIB.ORG

FUSION Quarterly News & Views on the Progress in Fusion Research

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
FUSION Quarterly News & Views on the Progress in Fusion Research FUSION Quarterly news & views on the progress in fusion research JET TAKES OFF! EUROPE’S LARGEST FUSION EXPERIMENT RESTARTED Last moduLe of WendeLstein 7-X mounted Keeping the pLasma in pLace With microWaves outstanding scientists honoured 3 | 2011 EUROPEAN FUSION DEVELOPMENT AGREEMENT FUSION IN EUROPE | Contents | Contents FUSION IN EUROPE № 3 | 2011 Moving Forward EFDA 3 A year of important achievement 4 Modelling the missing links 10 5 EFDA ITER Physics Work Programme 2012/2013 Associates Fusion software used for wind turbines 6 Last Module of Wendelstein 7-X mounted 8 Keeping the plasma in place with Microwaves 9 Fast action thanks to expertise 10 Fusion software used for wind turbines JETInsight 11 The Joint European Torus 12 JET takes off! 13 The pillar of JET retires 15 The father of JET and ITER commemorated 13 17 JET guestbook The pillar of JET retires Community People 18 Outstanding scientists honoured 19 New Heads of Research Unit appointed In dialogue 20 Camp of brilliant brains 21 Get your hands on, run experiments, try things out 21 Home-made neutrons Miscellaneous 20 22 Newsflash Camp of brilliant brains Title pictures: EFDA, IdeenExpo GmbH EFDA Close Support Unit – Garching © Francesco Romanelli (EFDA Leader) 2011. Imprint Boltzmannstr. 2 This newsletter or parts of it may not be reproduced without permission. Text, pictures and layout, ex- 85748 Garching / Munich cept where noted, courtesy of the EFDA Parties. FUSION IN EUROPE Germany The EFDA Parties are the European Commission phone: +49-89-3299-4263 and the Associates of the European Fusion Pro - ISSN 1818-5355 fax: +49-89-3299-4197 gramme which is co-ordinated and managed by the Commission. Neither the Commission, the e-mail: [email protected] Associates nor anyone acting on their behalf is re- For more information see the website: editors: Petra Nieckchen, Christine Rüth sponsible for any damage resulting from the use www.efda.org Subscribe at [email protected] of information contained in this publication. 2 | Moving Forward | EFDA | a year of IMPORTANT ACHIEVEMENTS in october, the efDa steering committee confirmed francesco romanelli as efDa leader until the end of 2013. he looks back at a year full of challenges and yet important milestones reached. The ITER Physics area is in a period of substantial re- newal. A review of the Integrated Tokamak Modelling activities under EFDA recommended to further strength - en it by including more physics development work and model validation on experimental devices, building on Dear reader the ITM Task Force experience. The 2012/13 activities in the various topical areas will be implemented through the year 2011 has seen a number of important achieve- specific projects that have been defined through the col- ments in the EFDA programme. The JET Enhancement lective effort of the Topical Group Chairs and Task Force Programme 2 shutdown and restart were successfully Leaders. completed. Now the exploitation of the ITER-Like-Wall has begun. The Power Plant Physics and Technology In its review of the strategic orientation of the fusion (PPP&T) Department was set up and the most urgent programme the Independent Panel expressed its strong activities were launched. A new, more goal oriented support to the development of fusion as an energy way of implementation of the coordinated activities in source. It also recommended a profound restructuring the ITER Physics Department is being put in place. I of the fusion related work in Europe to ensure the suc- would like to take this occasion to thank all those who cess of ITER and progress towards the goal of electricity have devoted their effort to the success of these activi- production in the 2050 time frame. ties. I believe that the organisation of the fusion programme At the end of 2010 an Independent Panel was set up in Horizon 2020 should ensure a long term perspec- by the European Commission to assess the potential tive of activities, adequate resources on the program- JET contributions to ITER and the Strategic Orientation matic priorities with light implementation procedures of the Fusion Programme. The Panel recognises JET as and the preservation of the identity of each Associate vital for the success of ITER and strongly recommends around its points of excellence. the full exploitation of the ITER-Like-Wall and its op- eration with tritium. The perspective of extended col- EFDA has already started to move in this di rec - laborations with the other international partners, rec- tion. With the support of the Associates we should use ommended by the Panel, will be an important point in the period 2012/13 as an opportunity to make the nec- agenda for 2012. essary adaptations to the challenges of the ITER era while preserving those aspects that ensured the strength The PPP&T Department was set up in record time and of the programme. it starts to implement the 2012 Work Programme. The goal is to define the R&D priorities for the next Eu - I take this opportunity to give you my best wishes of a ropean research framework programme, Horizon 2020, Merry Christmas and a Happy New Year. by the end of 2013. The response of the EFDA Associates has been enthusiastic and I hope that the new Im - plementing Agreement will start soon. The Independent Panel review has made a number of recommendations in this area, some of which are already built in the medium term plan of EFDA. FRANCESCO ROMANELLI 3 FUSION in europe | Moving Forward | EFDA | Modelling the missing links the application of the first integrated simulation tools to fusion machines marks a milestone for the efDa integrated tokamak Modelling task force. at its annual meeting in garching, the task force introduced the prototype tools to a wider community of modellers. ur tools are like LEGO® bricks. They plug Force Leader Gloria Falchetto, “While participants adapt into each other and allow a modeller to build their modules to the ITM infrastructure and integrate “Oa physics simulation according to his or her them into the ETS, they share experiences and many is- needs”. Denis Kalupin, EFDA Responsible Officer for the sues are solved much more quickly this way.“ The ETS Integrated Tokamak Modelling (ITM) Task Force, sums has been released internally to ITM members for verifi- up what his work is all about. ITM cation and optimisa- develops a set of generic modelling “The ITM Task Force has progressed substantially tion. A first public ver- tools, which simulate the behaviour in the last seven years. In some areas it has pro- sion will be out next of plasmas in any fusion machine year. A subroutine of duced tools that are used today by the EFDA or for any specific problem. “Some the ETS, the equilib- modules run very fast for quick and Associates. Now it is time to take stock of this ex- rium reconstruction rough simulations and others zoom perience in order to strengthen the competitiveness and stability simulation into details in space or time. For of European modellers towards ITER through a chain is already avail- each problem, scientists would nor- more efficient organisation of these activities.” able for general use. mally have to adapt different nu- The chain allows the merical codes and couple them to- EFDA-LEADER FRANCESCO ROMANELLI setup of a magnetic field gether by designing an individual configuration and the interface. Within the ITM environment this switch be- determination of the plasma stability. It has produced tween fast, simple solutions and slower, more sophisti- first physics results for ASDEX Upgrade and ITER dis- cated ones is extremely easy.” charges. The equilibrium reconstruction module is al- ready in use at Tore Supra and JET. First physics results. Plasma modellers from all over Europe contribute to the development and valida- Automated protection for ITER. The meeting tion of the ITM plasma simulator. Its major component also addressed the coupling of modules describing the is the European Transport Solver (ETS), which will allow edge and core of the plasma, synergetic effects between scientists to simulate transport processes in a tokamak the various heating sources and issues regarding the plasma within a unique modular package. The Task plasma control. Lively discussion surrounded the stan- Force organises regular “code camps”, where developers dardisation of interfaces in order to include diagnostic meet for two weeks of concentrated work. “Each code signals for the plasma control systems into the plasma camp brings us a big step further” explains ITM Task simulator. This will develop the ETS towards one of the ultimate needs of ITER, which is a transport simulator linked to the plant control system. Wayne Houl - berg, Head of the ITER Integrated Modelling Expert Group, explains: “We are pushing ITER to the limits, where we get maximum perform- ance and still operate safely. The sim- ulation will have to tell us automati- cally whether the control systems can maintain the parameters needed for the planned plasma pulse.” contact: Gloria Falchetto, [email protected] 4 | Moving Forward | EFDA | EFDA ITER Physics Work Programme 2012/2013 he ITER Physics second general planning meeting cross-topic issues covered by the involved EFDA was held in Garching on October 27 and 28 to Topical Groups and Task Forces. EFDA will primarily Trevisit the details of the EFDA Physics Pro - support projects which significantly benefit from co- gramme until 2013. More than 60 participants – EFDA ordination through EFDA and projects that can only Re spon sible Officers, the Leaderships of the involved be carried out efficiently through the combined efforts EFDA Task Forces and Topical Groups as well as mem- of several Associates. bers of the Associates – discussed the deliverables ex- The programme also includes the development, in- pected from the Associates.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • A European Success Story the Joint European Torus
    EFDA JET JETJETJET LEAD ING DEVICE FOR FUSION STUDIES HOLDER OF THE WORLD RECORD OF FUSION POWER PRODUCTION EXPERIMENTS STRONGLY FOCUSSED ON THE PREPARATION FOR ITER EXPERIMENTAL DEVICE USED UNDER THE EUROPEAN FUSION DEVELOPEMENT AGREEMENT THE JOINT EUROPEAN TORUS A EUROPEAN SUCCESS STORY EFDA Fusion: the Energy of the Sun If the temperature of a gas is raised above 10,000 °C virtually all of the atoms become ionised and electrons separate from their nuclei. The result is a complete mix of electrons and ions with the sum of all charges being very close to zero as only small charge imbalance is allowed. Thus, the ionised gas remains almost neutral throughout. This constitutes a fourth state of matter called plasma, with a wide range of unique features. D Deuterium 3He Helium 3 The sun, and similar stars, are sphe- Fusion D T Tritium res of plasma composed mainly of Li Lithium hydrogen. The high temperature, 4He Helium 4 3He Energy U Uranium around 15 million °C, is necessary released for the pressure of the plasma to in Fusion T balance the inward gravitational for- ces. Under these conditions it is pos- Li Fission sible for hydrogen nuclei to fuse together and release energy. Nuclear binding energy In a terrestrial system the aim is to 4He U produce the ‘easiest’ fusion reaction Energy released using deuterium and tritium. Even in fission then the rate of fusion reactions becomes large enough only at high JG97.362/4c Atomic mass particle energy. Therefore, when the Dn required nuclear reactions result from the thermal motions of the nuclei, so-called thermonuclear fusion, it is necessary to achieve u • extremely high temperatures, of at least 100 million °C.
    [Show full text]
  • 2019 EPS PPD Report
    Report from the EPS Plasma Physics Division Board, Summer 2019 Board meetings The Board met twice in 2018, on 1st July in Prague (CZ) and on 13th December at Culham (UK). Operation of the Division Richard Dendy (Culham Centre for Fusion Energy and Warwick University, UK) continues as Chair 2016-2020 of the Division, and Kristel Crombé (ERM/KMS and Ghent University, Belgium) continues as Secretary. The Board members leading the arrangements for the competitions for the 2018 EPS-PPD Prizes were: Alfvén, John Kirk (Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics, Germany); Innovation, Holger Kersten (Kiel University, Germany) and Eva Kovačević (Orléans University, France); PhD Research Award, Carlos Silva (Instituto Superior Técnico, Portugal). Further information is available at http://plasma.ciemat.es/eps/board/. Prague EPS Plasma Physics Conference 2018 (https://eps2018.eli-beams.eu/en/) The successful 45th annual EPS Plasma Physics Conference took place at the Žofín Palace in Prague from 2nd to 6th July 2018, hosted by a consortium of Czech plasma research organisations. The Local Organising Committee was ably chaired by Stefan Weber (ELI-Beamlines), who is also an EPS-PPD Board member. The Programme Committee was ably chaired by Stefano Coda (CH) and comprised: •MCF: M. Mantsinen (ES – sub-chair), T. Eich (DE), G. Ericsson (SE), L. Frassinetti (SE), G. Huijsmans (ITER), R. König (DE), J. Mailloux (UK), P. Piovesan (IT), R. Zagorski (PL) •BPIF: C. Michaut (FR – sub-chair), O. Klimo (CZ), M. Nakatsutsumi (XFEL), A. Ravasio (FR), S. Kar (UK), R. Scott (UK) •BSAP: G. Lapenta (BE – sub-chair), M.E. Dieckmann (SE), E.
    [Show full text]
  • Fusion: the Way Ahead
    Fusion: the way ahead Feature: Physics World March 2006 pages 20 - 26 The recent decision to build the world's largest fusion experiment - ITER - in France has thrown down the gauntlet to fusion researchers worldwide. Richard Pitts, Richard Buttery and Simon Pinches describe how the Joint European Torus in the UK is playing a key role in ensuring ITER will demonstrate the reality of fusion power At a Glance: Fusion power • Fusion is the process whereby two light nuclei bind to form a heavier nucleus with the release of energy • Harnessing fusion on Earth via deuterium and tritium reactions would lead to an environmentally friendly and almost limitless energy source • One promising route to fusion power is to magnetically confine a hot, dense plasma inside a doughnut-shaped device called a tokamak • The JET tokamak provides a vital testing ground for understanding the physics and technologies necessary for an eventual fusion reactor • ITER is due to power up in 2016 and will be the next step towards a demonstration fusion power plant, which could be operational by 2035 By 2025 the Earth's population is predicted to reach eight billion. By the turn of the next century it could be as many as 12 billion. Even if the industrialized nations find a way to reduce their energy consumption, this unprecedented increase in population - coupled with rising prosperity in the developing world - will place huge demands on global energy supplies. As our primary sources of energy - fossil fuels - begin to run out, and burning them causes increasing environmental concerns, the human race faces the challenge of finding new energy sources.
    [Show full text]
  • DISTRIBUTION of THIS DOCUMENT IS UNLIMITED Temperatures in the Range 5-10 Kev Are Still Needed, but the Lawson Number Can Be Reduced to the Low 10 Cm Sec Range
    TFTR and Other Large Tokamaks Plasma Physics Laboratory, Princeton University Princeton, New Jersey 08544 H.P. Furth CONF-8604223—1 DE86 012761 Introduction The near-term goal of fusion research is to produce deuterium-tritium plasmas with temperatures above 10 keV and Lawson numbers nTE above 10 cm sec. As indicated in Fig. 1, experiments entering this parameter range will be able to satisfy Lawson's break-even criterion, where the fusion power output equals the required plasma-heating-power input (Q = 1 ). The ultimate reactor goal is to reach equilibrium-burn conditions, where the energetic alpha particles generated by the D-T reaction are sufficient to maintain the plasma temperature against all heat losses (Q = °°). At the outset of the international controlled-fusion research effort in the 19 50's, Lawson's goal seemed intimidatingly remote from experimental capabilities. During the following ten years, substantial scientific progress was made, but the rate of advance in the Lawson diagram was not such as to inspire confidence that the fusion program would reach fruition within the lifetime of its pioneers. The notable success of the Kurchatov Institute's T-3 tokamak during 1968-69 brightened the outlook considerably. The tokamak configuration was recognized as a cost-effective experimental tool and has permitted steady progress during subsequent decades. World-wide recognition of the favorable experimental opportunity for entry into the reactor plasma regime led to the initiation, in the mid-1970's, of four large new tokamak projects (Table I). Plans for the Joint European Torus (JET) were defined in 1971-73: th_ very large plasma size and high current of the JET plasma offered a potential for exceeding the Lawson break- even criterion and possibly evan reaching ignition in D-T plasmas.
    [Show full text]
  • Corrosion Issues in Fusion Reactors
    Corrosion Issues in Fusion Reactors Digby D. Macdonald1 and George R. Engelhardt2 1Department of Nuclear Engineering University of California at Berkeley Berkeley, CA 94720 2OLI Systems, Inc. 240 Cedar Knolls Rd Cedar Knolls, NJ 07927 WCO Forum Corrosion 2020 Houston, TX, USA Background • Nuclear fusion is the process of fusing the light elements (primarily 1 2 3 the isotopes of hydrogen, H1, D1, T1. • Fusion results in a loss of mass, which is converted into energy, E = Δm.c2. • Process that occurs in the sun and stars in nuclear synthesis. Minimum temperature for D + T is 10 keV = 300,000,000 oC equivalent. • First demonstrated on earth in 1950s through thermonuclear weapons. • Almost a limitless source of clean energy if it can be made to work. • First controlled fusion demonstrated at JET in Oxford, UK, Q =0.75. • First technology demonstration, ITER (‘the way”), being constructed at Cadarache, France. Q > 10. Thermonuclear Reactions Reaction Reaction Equation Initial Mass (u) Mass Change (u) % Mass Change 2 2 3 1 -3 D-D D1 + D1 → He2 + n0 4.027106424 -2.44152x10 0.06062 2 2 3 1 -3 D-D D1 + D1 → H1 + p1 4.027106424 -3.780754x10 0.09388 2 3 4 1 D-T D1 + T1 → He2 + n0 5.029602412 -0.019427508 0.3863 e--p+ e- + p+ → 2hν 1.8219x10-31 -1.8219x10-31 100 Must overcome Coulombic repulsion of nuclei in the plasma Preferred Reaction • The easiest reaction to achieve 2 3 4 1 is: D1 + T1 → He2 + n0 because it has the lowest ignition temperature (10 keV).
    [Show full text]
  • June 2018 Fusion in Europe
    FUSION IN EUROPE NEWS & VIEWS ON THE PROGRESS OF FUSION RESEARCH “Let us face it: TO DTT OR NOT TO DTT there is no VACUUM – HOW NOTHING REALLY planet B!” MATTERS NOW IS THE TIME TO BE AT JET 2 2018 Fusion Writers … wanted! … and Artists This could be you Fusion in Europe is call- ing for aspiring writers and gifted artists! Introduce yourself to an international audience! Catch one of our topics and turn it into your own! • The future powered by fusion energy • Fusion science and industrial reality • Fusion - a melting pot of different sciences • Fusion drives innovation Find the entire list here: tinyurl.com/ybd4omz7 Your application should include a short CV and a motivational letter. Please apply here: tinyurl.com/ybd4omz7 EUROfusion | Communications Team | Anne Purschwitz (”Fusion in Europe“ Editor) Boltzmannstr. 2 | 85748Application Garching | +49 89 deadline: 3299 4128 | [email protected] 25 June 2018 | Editorial | EUROfusion | “It is the best time to be at JET right now” says a passionate Eva Belo nohy. The member of JET’s Exploitation Unit has recently organised a very suc- cessful workshop. It was aimed to ‘refresh’ the knowledge of European fu- sion researchers regarding the Joint European Torus (JET) but that was a classic understatement. The meeting was a fully-fledged overview on JET’s capabilities which have tremendously changed in the past. The tokamak has gone through major upgrades since it saw its first deuterium tritium campaign in 1997. Those include not only an ITER-like wall but also an Fusion Writers… wanted! … increase of the heating power by 50 percent.
    [Show full text]
  • Introduction to Nuclear Fusion
    Introduction to Nuclear Fusion Prof. Dr. Yong-Su Na To build a sun on earth - Open magnetic confinement - Closed magnetic confinement 2 What is closed magnetic confinement? 3 Open Magnetic System B sin 2 min Bmax v|| loss cone loss cone - Suffering from end losses J.P. Freidberg, “Ideal Magneto-Hydro-Dynamics”, lecture note A. A. Harms et al, “Principles of Fusion Energy”, World Scientific (2000) 4 Open Magnetic System Magnetic field Is this motion realistic? ion Dunkin donuts (2010) 5 Closed Magnetic System Magnetic field Donut-shaped vacuum vessel ion 6 Closed Magnetic System 7 Closed Magnetic System Magnetic field R 0 a Plasma needs to be confined ion R0 = 1.8 m, a = 0.5 m in KSTAR 8 Closed Magnetic System Magnetic field R 0 a Plasma needs to be confined ion R0 = 6.2 m, a = 2.0 m in ITER 9 Closed Magnetic System Toroidal Field (TF) coil Magnetic field Toroidal direction Applying toroidal magnetic field ion 3.5 T in KSTAR, 5.3 T in ITER 10 Closed Magnetic System Toroidal Field (TF) coil Toroidal direction Applying toroidal magnetic field 3.5 T in KSTAR, 5.3 T in ITER 11 Closed Magnetic System Toroidal Field (TF) coil Magnetic field Toroidal direction Magnetic field of earth? 0.5 Gauss = 0.00005 T ion 12 http://www.crystalinks.com/earthsmagneticfield.html Closed Magnetic System Magnetic field Magnetic field of earth? 0.5 Gauss = 0.00005 T ion http://www.transformacionconciencia.com/archives/2384 13 Closed Magnetic System Magnetic field ion 14 Lesch, Astrophysics, IPP Summer School (2008) Closed Magnetic System Magnetic field ion electron
    [Show full text]
  • Neutron Emission Spectrometry for Fusion Reactor Diagnosis
    Digital Comprehensive Summaries of Uppsala Dissertations from the Faculty of Science and Technology 1244 Neutron Emission Spectrometry for Fusion Reactor Diagnosis Method Development and Data Analysis JACOB ERIKSSON ACTA UNIVERSITATIS UPSALIENSIS ISSN 1651-6214 ISBN 978-91-554-9217-5 UPPSALA urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-247994 2015 Dissertation presented at Uppsala University to be publicly examined in Polhemsalen, Ångströmlaboratoriet, Lägerhyddsvägen 1, Uppsala, Friday, 22 May 2015 at 09:15 for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. The examination will be conducted in English. Faculty examiner: Dr Andreas Dinklage (Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik, Greifswald, Germany). Abstract Eriksson, J. 2015. Neutron Emission Spectrometry for Fusion Reactor Diagnosis. Method Development and Data Analysis. Digital Comprehensive Summaries of Uppsala Dissertations from the Faculty of Science and Technology 1244. 92 pp. Uppsala: Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis. ISBN 978-91-554-9217-5. It is possible to obtain information about various properties of the fuel ions deuterium (D) and tritium (T) in a fusion plasma by measuring the neutron emission from the plasma. Neutrons are produced in fusion reactions between the fuel ions, which means that the intensity and energy spectrum of the emitted neutrons are related to the densities and velocity distributions of these ions. This thesis describes different methods for analyzing data from fusion neutron measurements. The main focus is on neutron spectrometry measurements, using data used collected at the tokamak fusion reactor JET in England. Several neutron spectrometers are installed at JET, including the time-of-flight spectrometer TOFOR and the magnetic proton recoil (MPRu) spectrometer. Part of the work is concerned with the calculation of neutron spectra from given fuel ion distributions.
    [Show full text]
  • Plasma Physics Laboratory
    fco^m OCTOBER 1980 UC-20b,d NON-SUPERCONDUCTING- MAGNET STRUCTURES FOR NEAR^TEfti LARGE FUSION EXPERIMENTAL DEVICES -:BY J. FILE, D. S, KHUT^xiU, R, E, MARINO, AND G. ti, RAPPE PLASMA PHYSICS LABORATORY r,7 PRINCETON UNIVERSITY PRINCETON, NEW JERSEY m tr T;;;S 30CUV£MT !S iHnwrru NON-SUPERCONDUCTING MAGNET STRUCTURES FOR NBRR-'IERM, LARGE FUSION EXPERIMENTAL DEVICES J. File, D.S. Knutson, R.E. Marino and G.H. Rappe Plasma Physics Laboratory, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA ABSTRACT Water cooled copper magnets provide a means of producing high magnetic fields for tokamaks using a well developed existing technology. The basic function of these magnets is to provide reliable, both time varying and steady state, magnetic fields. Copper electrical properties, insulation, and water cooling systems play major roles in design selection. Aside from being electro-magnetic devices, coils designed for tokamaks must be self-supporting structures, capable of resisting large I x B magnetic forces. These magnets require the integration of both electrical and structural design considerations. Magnet integrity is enhanced by the presence of structures which lend additional external support. These external structural systems are highly stressed and, often, deflection limited. This paper describes the magnet and structural design in the following American tokamak devices: the Princeton Large Torus (PLT), the Princeton Divertor Experiment (PDX), and the Tokamak Fusion Test Reactor (TFTR). The Joint European Torus (JET), also presented herein, has a magnet structure evolved from several European programs and, like TFTR, represents state of the art magnet and structure design. | DISCLAIMER TliTtbOGknA!}!K>£!K!ajn*^oun1i''M?l looniofeo cyan Jgency of fifl Unrie-J Slaftt Gowmrien*.
    [Show full text]
  • Fusion Energy Source of the Future
    Fusion Energy Source of the Future EUROfusion Research Progamme in Austria 2014 - 2020 Impressum Editors Monika Fischer [email protected] Lätitia Unger [email protected] Friedrich Aumayr [email protected] Contributions from Friedrich Aumayr, Markus Biberacher, Lukas Einkemmer, Michael Eisterer, Codrina Ionita-Schrittwieser, Alexander Kendl, Winfried Kernbichler, Helmut Leeb, Reinhard Pippan, Michael Probst, Paul Scheier, Klaus Schöpf, Roman Schrittwieser, David Tskhakaya Acknowledgements Austrian Academy of Sciences: Bernhard Plunger, Anton Zeilinger and Presiding Committee Federal Ministry of Education, Science and Research: Stefan Hanslik, Daniel Weselka Kommission für die Koordination der Kernfusionsforschung in Österreich (KKKÖ): Peter Steinhauser (chair), Friedrich Aumayr, Michael Eisterer, Alexander Kendl, Helmut Leeb, Winfried Kernbichler, Harald Weber, Daniel Weselka Financial Support Federal Ministry of Education, Science and Research, Austrian Academy of Sciences EUROfusion Co-Fund Action (H2020 Grant No. 633053) Disclaimer EUROfusion receives funding from Euratom’s research and training programme 2014-2018 and 2019-2020 under Grant Agreement No. 633053 and finances fusion research activities in accordance with the Roadmap to the realisation of fusion energy. The views and opinions expressed herein do not necessarily reflect those of the European Commission. Cover image: ITER Tokamak and Plant Systems (Credit: www.ITER.org) Fusion Energy Source of the Future EUROfusion Research Programme in Austria, 2014-2020 Editors: Monika Fischer, Lätitia Unger Friedrich Aumayr Supported by: Copyright © 2020 by Austrian Academy of Sciences Vienna Printed in Austria Table of Contents Page EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 2 ZUSAMMENFASSUNG 4 1. Management Structure and Core Competencies 7 1.1. EUROfusion Consortium 7 1.2. Austrian Beneficiary ÖAW and its Linked Third Parties 7 2.
    [Show full text]
  • Sixty Years on from ZETA …
    Sixty years on from ZETA … Chris Warrick The Sun … What is powering it? Coal? Lifetime 3,000 years Gravitational Energy? Lifetime 30 million years – Herman Von Helmholtz, Lord Kelvin - mid 1800s The Sun … Suggested the Earth is at least 300 million years old – confirmed by geologists studying rock formations … The Sun … Albert Einstein (Theory of Special Relativity) and Becquerel / Curie’s work on radioactivity – suggested radioactive decay may be the answer … But the Sun comprises hydrogen … The Sun … Arthur Eddington proposed that fusion of hydrogen to make helium must be powering the Sun “If, indeed, the subatomic energy is being freely used to maintain their great furnaces, it seems to bring a little nearer to fulfilment our dream of controlling this latent power for the well-being of the human race – or for its suicide” Cambridge – 1930s Cockcroft Walton accelerator, Cavendish Laboratory, Cambridge. But huge energy losses and low collisionality Ernest Rutherford : “The energy produced by the breaking down of the atom is a very poor kind of thing . Anyone who expects a source of power from the transformation of these atoms is talking moonshine.” Oxford – 1940s Peter Thonemann – Clarendon Laboratory, Oxford. ‘Pinch’ experiment in glass, then copper tori. First real experiments in sustaining plasma and magnetically controlling them. Imperial College – 1940s George Thomson / Alan Ware – Imperial College London then Aldermaston. Also pinch experiments, but instabilities started to be observed – especially the rapidly growing kink instability. AERE Harwell Atomic Energy Research Establishment (AERE) Harwell – Hangar 7 picked up fusion research. Fusion is now classified. Kurchatov visit 1956 ZETA ZETA Zero Energy Thermonuclear Apparatus Pinch experiment – but with added toroidal field to help with instabilities and pulsed DC power supplies.
    [Show full text]
  • Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion Research During Half a Century Bo Lehnert
    SE0100262 TRITA-A Report ISSN 1102-2051 VETENSKAP OCH ISRN KTH/ALF/--01/4--SE IONST KTH Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion Research During Half a Century Bo Lehnert Research and Training programme on CONTROLLED THERMONUCLEAR FUSION AND PLASMA PHYSICS (Association EURATOM/NFR) FUSION PLASMA PHYSICS ALFV N LABORATORY ROYAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY SE-100 44 STOCKHOLM SWEDEN PLEASE BE AWARE THAT ALL OF THE MISSING PAGES IN THIS DOCUMENT WERE ORIGINALLY BLANK TRITA-ALF-2001-04 ISRN KTH/ALF/--01/4--SE Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion Research During Half a Century Bo Lehnert VETENSKAP OCH KONST Stockholm, June 2001 The Alfven Laboratory Division of Fusion Plasma Physics Royal Institute of Technology SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden (Association EURATOM/NFR) Printed by Alfven Laboratory Fusion Plasma Physics Division Royal Institute of Technology SE-100 44 Stockholm PLASMA PHYSICS AND CONTROLLED FUSION RESEARCH DURING HALF A CENTURY Bo Lehnert Alfven Laboratory, Royal Institute of Technology S-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden ABSTRACT A review is given on the historical development of research on plasma physics and controlled fusion. The potentialities are outlined for fusion of light atomic nuclei, with respect to the available energy resources and the environmental properties. Various approaches in the research on controlled fusion are further described, as well as the present state of investigation and future perspectives, being based on the use of a hot plasma in a fusion reactor. Special reference is given to the part of this work which has been conducted in Sweden, merely to identify its place within the general historical development. Considerable progress has been made in fusion research during the last decades.
    [Show full text]