A Framework for Guiding Transportation Improvements to Support Desired Land Use
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Please Note: The author retains the copyright while the New Jersey Institute of Technology reserves the right to distribute this thesis or dissertation Printing note: If you do not wish to print this page, then select “Pages from: first page # to: last page #” on the print dialog screen The Van Houten library has removed some of the personal information and all signatures from the approval page and biographical sketches of theses and dissertations in order to protect the identity of NJIT graduates and faculty. ABSTRACT A FRAMEWORK FOR GUIDING TRANSPORTATION IMPROVEMENTS TO SUPPORT DESIRED LAND USE by Jiruttichut Leoviriyakit There is a growing recognition that transportation and land use policies cannot succeed independently of one another. The interactions between them must be understood, analyzed, and accounted for in order for land use and transportation plans and policies to be effective and successful. A methodological framework is presented that can help urban planners determine what outcomes can be expected in terms of change in land use patterns within the targeted communities and within the county should a transportation project be undertaken. The framework is based on an interaction between travel demand model TRANSIMS and land use model TELUM that enables complete regional transportation and land use analysis. The framework is applied on a real world case study in New Jersey. The study evaluates the value and impact of the transportation improvement project and ascertains if it brings a desired impact on land use and transportation infrastructure. This integrated model provides an understanding of the future network conditions which will consequently lead to a better assessment of transportation improvement alternatives and land use planning. The framework provides answers to research questions in terms of what changes in land use patterns within the targeted communities and within the county can be expected if an improvement project of a transportation facility is undertaken. The framework also identifies changes in roadway network performance (travel time, speed, volume, delay) as well. The framework fully captures and incorporates induced travel demand into a regional transportation and land use analysis. This dissertation describes in detail how MPOs, state DOTs, and other planning agencies can create an integrated transportation-land use model from the ground up or create it as an extension to their existing analytical tools to bridge the gap between the two models. The dissertation identifies shortcomings of current methodology used by MPO in analyzing the impacts of a reconstruction project. It provides guidelines which enable MPOs to achieve compliance with federal mandates. It also provides step-by-step guidance of how to develop a framework which integrates transportation system and land use. The results show that the interactions between the transportation system and land use are complex and highlight the fact that the interrelationship between the two systems changes constantly and continues to evolve over time. The dissertation also explains how the integration between the two systems can be achieved through the use of multiple regression models which are built upon regional socioeconomic factors. The contributions of this dissertation to the field of transportation policy and planning are as follows: • A framework allows planning agencies to utilize transportation improvement projects to guide future development patterns, densities and intensities of land use as well as encourage infill developments in an area of particular interest. • A framework allows planning agencies to trace anomalies in land use patterns and identify crucial factors influencing such developments. • It provides guidelines which enable planning agencies to achieve compliance with federal mandates. This dissertation discusses in detail how to create an integrated transportation-land use model from data that is readily available to planning agencies. • It provides technical information in regards to TRANSIMS model development, the feedback process, and the convergence statistics. • The developed model can assist urban planners to identify which transportation improvement projects should be undertaken, and at what location, in order to bring about desired outcomes. The dissertation concludes with a methodology used to calculate the economic viability of a transportation improvement project. The methodology compares the costs of construction to the estimated benefits (or savings) in various user cost categories, including travel time, fuel consumption, and vehicle emissions. A FRAMEWORK FOR GUIDING TRANSPORTATION IMPROVEMENTS TO SUPPORT DESIRED LAND USE by Jiruttichut Leoviriyakit A Dissertation Submitted to the Faculty of New Jersey Institute of Technology In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Transportation Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering August 2013 Copyright © 2013 by Jiruttichut Leoviriyakit ALL RIGHTS RESERVED APPROVAL PAGE A FRAMEWORK FOR GUIDING TRANSPORTATION IMPROVEMENTS TO SUPPORT DESIRED LAND USE Jiruttichut Leoviriyakit Dr. Lazar Spasovic, Dissertation Advisor Date Professor of Civil and Environmental Engineering, NJIT Dr. Athanassios Bladtkas, Committee Member Date Associate Professor of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, NJIT Dr. Janice R. Daniel, Committee Member Date Associate Professor of Civil and Environmental Engineering, NJIT Dr. Steven I-Jy Chien, Committee Member Date Professor of Civil and Environmental Engineering, NJIT Dr. Kyriacos Mouskos, Committee Member Date Research Professor of CUNY Institute for Transportation Systems, CUNY BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH Author: Jiruttichut Leoviriyakit Degree: Doctor of Philosophy Date: August 2013 Undergraduate and Graduate Education: Doctor of Philosophy in Transportation, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, 2013 Master of Business Administration, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, 2005 Bachelor of Science in Industrial Engineering, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand, 2000 Major: Transportation Engineering iv To my beloved parents, courageous sister and dearest aunt v ACKNOWLEDGMENT I would like to express my appreciation to my dissertation advisor, Dr. Lazar Spasovic, for his guidance and support during my Ph.D. research study. I would also like to thank Dr. Athanassios K. Bladikas, Dr. Steven Chien, Dr. Janice R. Daniel, and Dr. Kyriacos Mouskos for serving as members of the dissertation committee. I am thankful to Mr. Keir Opie for giving me the opportunity as well as his guidance and support in developing TRANSIMS model. Special thanks are given to my fellow graduate students and colleagues, Dr. Dejan Besenski for his assistance and support, Dr. Patricia DiJoseph and Dr. Kitae Kim for their understanding and encouragement throughout the years. Finally, I would like to thank my beloved family for their unconditional love and unwavering support. Thank you for believing in me. vi TABLE OF CONTENTS Chapter Page 1 INTRODUCTION ………………..…………………………………………….... 1 1.1 Background ……………………………….……………….…........................ 6 1.2 Problem Statement ……………………………….……………….…………. 10 1.3 Objectives …………………………………………………………………… 14 1.4 Dissertation Organization …………………………………………………… 15 2 LITERATURE REVIEW ……………………………….……………………….. 16 2.1 The Impacts of Transportation Investment on Land Use Patterns ……..……. 16 2.2 Measuring the Interactions between Transportation System and Land Use … 21 2.3 Summary ……………………………….……………………………………. 37 3 FRAMEWORK DEVELOPMENT ……………………………………………… 39 3.1 Methodology Overview …………………………...…………….…………... 39 3.2 TRANSIMS Overview …………………………………………….....……... 41 3.3 TELUM Overview …………………………………………….....………….. 43 3.4 Interactive Process between TRANSIMS and TELUM Models ……………. 44 4 CASE STUDY: TRANSIMS AND TELUM MODEL DEVELOPMENT ……… 47 4.1 Geographical Location of Route 18 Reconstruction Area …………………... 47 4.2 TRANSIMS Model Development …………………………………………... 49 vii TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued) Chapter Page 4.3 TELUM Model Development ……………………………………….............. 52 4.4 The Interactive Process between TRANSIMS and TELUM ……................... 54 4.4.1 Translation Process Overview ………………………………………… 54 4.4.2 Estimating Origin-Destination Matrix for the Subsequent Analysis Year ……………………………………………………………………. 56 4.5 Summary of Data Requirement of TRANSIMS and TELUM Models ……... 63 5 ANALYSIS SCENARIOS ……………………………………………………….. 67 5.1 TRANSIMS Network - Built Scenario ……………………………………… 67 5.2 Existing Land Use Patterns – Year 2000 ……………………………………. 70 5.3 Built Scenario Development and Analysis Process …………………………. 73 5.4 Transportation Analysis for a 10-Year Period ………………………………. 78 6 ROUTE 18 RECONSTRUCTION AREA