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Phytochemistry and Pharmacological Activities of Clitoria Ternatea

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Phytochemistry and Pharmacological Activities of Clitoria Ternatea International Journal of Natural and Social Sciences, 2017, 4(1): 01-10 ISSN: 2313-4461 Phytochemistry and pharmacological activities of Clitoria ternatea Md. Bakhtiar Lijon1*, Nigar Sultana Meghla2, Eleas Jahedi1, Md. Abdur Rahman1, Ismail Hossain1 1Modern Food Testing Laboratory, Chittagong City Corporation, Chittagong, Bangladesh 2Department of Microbiology, Jessore University of Science and Technology, Bangladesh ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Article history Clitoria ternatea is a twining herbal medicinal plant mostly found in Asia. Various constituents are found in different parts of the plant. The plant Clitotia ternatea is traditionally used for Accepted 03 Jan 2017 food coloring, stress, infertility and gonorrhea. The plant has been widely used in Ayurveda. Online release 09 Jan 2017 Pharmacologically it is an anxiolytic, anti inflammatory, analgesic, anti-microbial and anti carcinogenic. It is also Cns Depressant, nephroprotective and has anti-Stress activities. Keyword Generally Clitoria ternatea has larvicidal activities, proteolytic activities, antihelmintic activities, antihyperglycenmic activity, diuretic activity, antioxidant activity, antihistaminic Clitoria ternatea activity and treat goiter. As Clitoria ternatea plant has great usefulness it should be cultivated, Morphology conserve and further research should be conducted for human well being. This article will Phytochemistry focus on pharmaco-chemical characterization of Clitoria ternatea with the traditional and Pharmacological activity pharmacological uses of Clitoria ternatea. *Corresponding Author Md. Bakhtiar Lijon [email protected] INTRODUCTION function (Ramaswamy et al., 2011). It is also used in the treatment of chronic bronchitis, dropsy, Plants and herbs have been an important goiter, leprosy, mucous disorders, sight weakness, contributor to the quality of human life for skin diseases, sore throat and tumors (Ramaswamy thousands of years. Some of them are well known et al., 2011). The root powder is used as one of the medicinal herbs. Butterfly pea or blue pea ingredients in the preparation of the drug (Clitoria ternatea) from family of Fabaceae is a “SULAK” and its ointment to treat leprosy vine with vivid blue flowers 1 to 2 inches long, (Srivastava et al., 2009). Chemical identity having wavy-rimmed standard and white centre, comparison is made with standard allopathic anti- which is rather common in gardens of Hawaii leprosy agents like clofazimine, dapson, and (Neal, 1965). Clitoria ternatea flower are rifampicin to assess their activity equivalence to commercially known as Bunga telang by the locals treat leprosy by adopting Indian pharmacopeal (IP) and are widely used as the food dyes in Nasi methods. Use of plant based drugs and chemicals kerabu (the local dish in Kelantan, Malaysia) and a for curing various ailments and personal Baba and Nyonya kueh known as kueh tekan. adornment is as old as human civilization. Clitoria Clitoria ternatea is a member of the family ternatea is used for curing various diseases and Papilionaceae; commonly known as ‘Aparajita’ or symptoms (Chauhan et al., 2012). The extracts of Girikarnika’ (Ramaswamy et al., 2011). It is a difference parts of Clitoria ternatea showed perennial climber widely used in the traditional different efficacy against the tested ayurvedic system of Indian medicine for treating a microorganisms. These differences could be due to wide variety of diseases (Ramaswamy et al., the nature and level of the antimicrobial agents 2011). In the traditional system of medicine, present in the extracts and their mode of action on ‘Aparajita’ is considered as a ‘Medhya’ drug to the different test microorganisms (Barbour et al., improve intelligence and enhance memory 2004). The phytochemical constituents of these How to cite this article: Lijon MB, Meghla NS, Jahedi E, Rahman MA and Hossain I (2017). Phytochemistry and pharmacological activities of Clitoria ternatea. International Journal of Natural and Social Sciences, 4(1): 01-10. Lijon et al., International Journal of Natural and Social Sciences, 2017, 43(1):01-10 2 plants revealed that various secondary metabolites ternatea has creamy white coloured flowers which like flavonoids, anthocyanin glycosides, are solitary and very attractive. pentacyclic triterpenoids and phytosterols have been isolated from this plant (Mukherjee et al., 2002). A protein designated as ‘finotin’ has been isolated from Clitoria ternatea seeds and reported to have antifungal, antibacterial and insectidal properties (Kelemu et al., 2004). It is possible that this compound was mainly responsible for the observed antimicrobial effects in this study (Kamilla et al., 2009). The plant Cliteria ternatea has not received much attention as antioxidant sources or sources of medicinal uses compared to others plants due to the lack of cumulative information about it. The cumulative information on morphological and chemical characteristics of Figure 1 this plant will be helpful for many new medical Morphology of Clitoria ternatea. treatments. This article will focus on pharmaco- chemical characterization of Clitoria ternatea with Traditional use the traditional and pharmacological uses of Clitoria ternatea. Clitoria ternatea is known as Aparajita in Bengali which is used as a well known Ayurvedic Clitoria ternatea medicine. All the part of the herb (leaf, root, shoot) is used as medicine. In traditional Synonyms Ayurvedic medicine, it has been used for centuries as a memory enhancer, nootropic, antistress, Bengali: Aparajita, English: Butterfly pea, blue anxiolytic, antidepressant, anticonvulsant, pea vine, mussel- shell climber, pigeon wings, tranquilizing and sedative agent (Mukherjee et al., Sanskrit: Sankhapushpi, aparajita, saukarnika, 2008). It is also used in neurological disorders ardrakarni, girikarnika, supuspi, mohanasini, (Gupta et al., 2010). Some other traditional uses vishadoshaghni, shwetanama, Vishnukranta, are given in Table 1. ashwakhura, Hindi: Koyala, Telugu: Dintena, Malayalam: sangupushpam, Kannada: Nagar hedi, Table 1 Marathi: Gokarna, Portuguese: Fulacriqua, Traditional uses of Clitoria ternatea. (Pendbhaje, 2011). Useable Function References Morphology part of Clitoria ternatea Drug generally occurs in the form of leaves and Flower Color food Jain et al., leaflets, rachis broken with or without intact 2003 leaflets; it is a perennial twining herb having 7 Root Nootropic, anxiolytic, Jain et al., leaflets, which are elliptic and obtuse (Figure 1). antidepressant, 2003 Leaves are pinnate 5-9 foliolate. Flowers are anticonvulsant and showy, blue or white petals are unequal, style antistress activity bearded below the stigma. Fruits pods are linear Whole Treat sexual ailments Fantz, 1991 and compressed. The pods are 5-7 cm long, flat plant such as: infertility and with 6 to 10 seed, in each pod. Seeds are 6-10 and gonorrhea black in color. Plant flowers in rainy season and Clitoria Heat stable function Nguyen et ternatea al., 2011 fruits in winter. Clitoria purpurea has dark blue extract colored papilionaceous flowers and Clitoria International Journal of Natural and Social Sciences, ISSN: 2313-4461; www.ijnss.org Lijon et al., International Journal of Natural and Social Sciences, 2017, 43(1):01-10 3 Phytochemical constituents taraxerol and taraxerone. Phytochemical screening of the roots shows the presence of ternatins, The major phyto-constituents found in the plant alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, tannins, are the pentacyclic triterpenoids such as taraxerol carbohydrates, proteins, resins, starch, taraxerol and taraxerone (Banerjee et al., 1963; Banerjee et and taraxerone (Trease and Evans, 1983). The al., 1964). Ethanol extract of Clitoria ternatea Chemical compounds found in Clitoria ternatea shows presence of terpenoid, flavonoid, tannin and given in Table 2. The function and phytochemical steroid which may act as antioxidant (Rai, 2010). constituents of Clitoria ternatea were also shown The major phytoconstituents found in Clitoria in Table 3. ternatea are the pentacyclic triterpenoids such as Table 2 Chemical compounds found in Clitoria ternatea. Serial Name of the Structure References no compound 1. Kaempferol 2. Quercetin 3. Myriceti 4. Taxaxerol Pendbhaje, 2011 5. Tannic acid International Journal of Natural and Social Sciences, ISSN: 2313-4461; www.ijnss.org Lijon et al., International Journal of Natural and Social Sciences, 2017, 43(1):01-10 4 6. 3-monoglucoside 7. β-Sitosterol 8. Delphinidin-3,5- diglucoside 9. Malvidin-3β- glucoside Pendbhaje, 2011 10. p-hydroxycinnamic acid 11. Ethyl-α-D- galactopyranoside 12. Anthoxanthin glucoside International Journal of Natural and Social Sciences, ISSN: 2313-4461; www.ijnss.org Lijon et al., International Journal of Natural and Social Sciences, 2017, 43(1):01-10 5 13. Kaempferol 3- neohesperidoside 14. Quercetin 3- neohesperidoside 15. Hexacosanol 16. Hexacosanol 17. Myricetin,3- neohesperidoside Pendbhaje, 2011 18. Myricetin 3-rutinoside 19. Kaempferol 3- glucoside International Journal of Natural and Social Sciences, ISSN: 2313-4461; www.ijnss.org Lijon et al., International Journal of Natural and Social Sciences, 2017, 43(1):01-10 6 Table 3 Phytochemical constituents in Clitoria ternatea Plant Phytochemicals Functions References parts 1. Prevention of neurodegenerative Leaf Alkaloids, reducing diseases and diabetes mellitus Scalbert et al., (2005) sugars, flavonoids, steroids, glycosides 2.Effectively controls the excessive and Nadkarni, (1992) sweating Saponin, Tanin, Flower 1. Anti inflammatory,
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