Compositae: Cichorioideae
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A Systematic Study of Berkheya and Allies (Compositae)
A systematic study of Berkheya and allies (Compositae) A thesis submitted in the fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science of Rhodes University by Ntombifikile Phaliso April 2013 Supervisor: Prof. N.P. Barker (Botany Department, Rhodes University) Co-supervisor: Dr. Robert McKenzie (Botany Department, Rhodes University) Table of contents: Title ……………………………………………………………………………..I Acknowledgements…………………………………………………………...III Declaration……………………………………………………………………IV Abstract…………………………………………………………………………1 Chapter 1: General Introduction……………………………………………..3 Chapter 2: The molecular phylogeny of Berkheya and allies……………...12 Aims………………………………………………………………………………………….12 2.1: Molecular (DNA-based) systematic……………………………………………………..12 2.2: Methods and Materials…………………………………………………………………..18 2.1.1: Sampling…………………………………………………………………………..18 2.1.2: DNA extraction, amplification and sequencing…………………………………..18 2.1.3: Sequence alignment……………………………………………………………..19 2.1.4: Phylogenetic Analyses …………………………………………………………...21 2.3: Results…………………………………………………………………………………..22 2.3.1: ITS data set………………………………………………………………………..22 2.3.2: psbA-trnH data set………………………………………………………………..23 2.3.3: Combined data set………………………………………………………………...24 2.4: Discussion……………………………………………………………………………….28 2.4.1: Phylogenetic relationships within the Berkheya clade……………………………28 2.4.2: Insights from the psbA-trnH & combined data set phylogenies………………….37 2.4.3: Taxonomic implications: paraphyly of Berkheya………………………………...39 2.4.4: Taxonomic Implications: Correspondence with -
Crop Reports
CROP REPORTS Classification, origin, and environmental requirements Stokes aster initially was described and classified as Carthamus laevis by J. Hill in 1769. The genus Stokesia was Crop described by L’Héritier de Brutelle (1788), who proposed that the type specimen used by J. Hill to describe C. laevis should be selected as the type Reports specimen for the new genus Stokesia. L’Héritier de Brutelle (1788) also re- ferred to S. cyanea but failed to describe the species; therefore, the name S. cyanea is illegitimate. The final authority re- Stokes Aster (12,13-epoxy-cis-9-octadecenoic) garding the nomenclature of stokes as- acid, a fatty acid that is converted to ter is Greene (1893), who stated that epoxy oil products for use in the manu- the proper binomial for the specimen 1 facture of plastics and adhesives called C. laevis by J. Hill and S. cyanea by Lyn A. Gettys and (Campbell, 1981; Kleiman, 1990). Oil L’Héritier de Brutelle should be Stokesia Dennis J. Werner2 content in seeds can be as high as 40%, laevis. The genus is named for the En- with about 70% of this oil being vernolic glish botanist Jonathan Stokes (1755- acid (Gunn and White, 1974). In the 1831). 1980s, the annual global market for Stokesia is one of about 950 genera ADDITIONAL INDEX WORDS. Stokesia seed-derived epoxy oils was between laevis, Asteraceae, Vernonieae, oilseed in the aster family (Asteraceae Dumont) crop, native plant, propagation 45 and 90 billion tons (40.8 and 81.6 and is monotypic, with S. laevis the only × 109 t) per year (Campbell, 1981; species (Bailey, 1949; Els, 1994; Greene, Princen, 1983). -
Baja California, Mexico, and a Vegetation Map of Colonet Mesa Alan B
Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany Volume 29 | Issue 1 Article 4 2011 Plants of the Colonet Region, Baja California, Mexico, and a Vegetation Map of Colonet Mesa Alan B. Harper Terra Peninsular, Coronado, California Sula Vanderplank Rancho Santa Ana Botanic Garden, Claremont, California Mark Dodero Recon Environmental Inc., San Diego, California Sergio Mata Terra Peninsular, Coronado, California Jorge Ochoa Long Beach City College, Long Beach, California Follow this and additional works at: http://scholarship.claremont.edu/aliso Part of the Biodiversity Commons, Botany Commons, and the Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Commons Recommended Citation Harper, Alan B.; Vanderplank, Sula; Dodero, Mark; Mata, Sergio; and Ochoa, Jorge (2011) "Plants of the Colonet Region, Baja California, Mexico, and a Vegetation Map of Colonet Mesa," Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany: Vol. 29: Iss. 1, Article 4. Available at: http://scholarship.claremont.edu/aliso/vol29/iss1/4 Aliso, 29(1), pp. 25–42 ’ 2011, Rancho Santa Ana Botanic Garden PLANTS OF THE COLONET REGION, BAJA CALIFORNIA, MEXICO, AND A VEGETATION MAPOF COLONET MESA ALAN B. HARPER,1 SULA VANDERPLANK,2 MARK DODERO,3 SERGIO MATA,1 AND JORGE OCHOA4 1Terra Peninsular, A.C., PMB 189003, Suite 88, Coronado, California 92178, USA ([email protected]); 2Rancho Santa Ana Botanic Garden, 1500 North College Avenue, Claremont, California 91711, USA; 3Recon Environmental Inc., 1927 Fifth Avenue, San Diego, California 92101, USA; 4Long Beach City College, 1305 East Pacific Coast Highway, Long Beach, California 90806, USA ABSTRACT The Colonet region is located at the southern end of the California Floristic Province, in an area known to have the highest plant diversity in Baja California. -
Back Matter 7 (4)
Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany Volume 7 | Issue 4 Article 9 1972 Back Matter 7 (4) Follow this and additional works at: http://scholarship.claremont.edu/aliso Recommended Citation (1972) "Back Matter 7 (4)," Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany: Vol. 7: Iss. 4, Article 9. Available at: http://scholarship.claremont.edu/aliso/vol7/iss4/9 ALISO VoL. 7, No. 4, pp. 539-556 J ULY 20, 1972 THE DIRECTOR'S REPORT RANcHo SANTA ANA BoTANIC GARDEN 1971 It is a pleasure for me to present an account of the activities at the botanic garden for the year 1971. Except for the effec's of the weather which are given elsewhere in this report, the year was one of steady and sound development. The building program of the previous year had been completed, and early in 1971 landscaping around the annex was finis3ed and the grounds once again were quiet and serene, suitable for study and contemplation by the thousands of persons who visit the garden each year. Among events which undoubtedly will mark this year in the garden's history are two, especially, which should be mentioned. The botanic garden is a member of the American Association of Museums and durinJ; the year we applied for accreditation by that organization. In August we were notified that we had been granted interim approval until an on-site evalu1tion of the institution could be made by the AAM Accredit1tion Visitin~ Commit tee. This visit is expected early in 1972. The second item of interest is that the botanic garden for the first time applied for a plant patent to cover a new hybrid which soon will be released to the horticultural trade. -
Genetic Diversity and Evolution in Lactuca L. (Asteraceae)
Genetic diversity and evolution in Lactuca L. (Asteraceae) from phylogeny to molecular breeding Zhen Wei Thesis committee Promotor Prof. Dr M.E. Schranz Professor of Biosystematics Wageningen University Other members Prof. Dr P.C. Struik, Wageningen University Dr N. Kilian, Free University of Berlin, Germany Dr R. van Treuren, Wageningen University Dr M.J.W. Jeuken, Wageningen University This research was conducted under the auspices of the Graduate School of Experimental Plant Sciences. Genetic diversity and evolution in Lactuca L. (Asteraceae) from phylogeny to molecular breeding Zhen Wei Thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of doctor at Wageningen University by the authority of the Rector Magnificus Prof. Dr A.P.J. Mol, in the presence of the Thesis Committee appointed by the Academic Board to be defended in public on Monday 25 January 2016 at 1.30 p.m. in the Aula. Zhen Wei Genetic diversity and evolution in Lactuca L. (Asteraceae) - from phylogeny to molecular breeding, 210 pages. PhD thesis, Wageningen University, Wageningen, NL (2016) With references, with summary in Dutch and English ISBN 978-94-6257-614-8 Contents Chapter 1 General introduction 7 Chapter 2 Phylogenetic relationships within Lactuca L. (Asteraceae), including African species, based on chloroplast DNA sequence comparisons* 31 Chapter 3 Phylogenetic analysis of Lactuca L. and closely related genera (Asteraceae), using complete chloroplast genomes and nuclear rDNA sequences 99 Chapter 4 A mixed model QTL analysis for salt tolerance in -
Towards a Phylogenetic Classification of Lychnophorinae (Asteraceae: Vernonieae)
Benoît Francis Patrice Loeuille Towards a phylogenetic classification of Lychnophorinae (Asteraceae: Vernonieae) São Paulo, 2011 Benoît Francis Patrice Loeuille Towards a phylogenetic classification of Lychnophorinae (Asteraceae: Vernonieae) Tese apresentada ao Instituto de Biociências da Universidade de São Paulo, para a obtenção de Título de Doutor em Ciências, na Área de Botânica. Orientador: José Rubens Pirani São Paulo, 2011 Loeuille, Benoît Towards a phylogenetic classification of Lychnophorinae (Asteraceae: Vernonieae) Número de paginas: 432 Tese (Doutorado) - Instituto de Biociências da Universidade de São Paulo. Departamento de Botânica. 1. Compositae 2. Sistemática 3. Filogenia I. Universidade de São Paulo. Instituto de Biociências. Departamento de Botânica. Comissão Julgadora: Prof(a). Dr(a). Prof(a). Dr(a). Prof(a). Dr(a). Prof(a). Dr(a). Prof. Dr. José Rubens Pirani Orientador To my grandfather, who made me discover the joy of the vegetal world. Chacun sa chimère Sous un grand ciel gris, dans une grande plaine poudreuse, sans chemins, sans gazon, sans un chardon, sans une ortie, je rencontrai plusieurs hommes qui marchaient courbés. Chacun d’eux portait sur son dos une énorme Chimère, aussi lourde qu’un sac de farine ou de charbon, ou le fourniment d’un fantassin romain. Mais la monstrueuse bête n’était pas un poids inerte; au contraire, elle enveloppait et opprimait l’homme de ses muscles élastiques et puissants; elle s’agrafait avec ses deux vastes griffes à la poitrine de sa monture et sa tête fabuleuse surmontait le front de l’homme, comme un de ces casques horribles par lesquels les anciens guerriers espéraient ajouter à la terreur de l’ennemi. -
Asteraceae): Additions to the Genus Acilepis from Southern Asia
PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON 122(2):131–145. 2009. Studies on the Paleotropical Vernonieae (Asteraceae): additions to the genus Acilepis from southern Asia Harold Robinson* and John J. Skvarla (HR) Department of Botany, MRC-166, National Museum of Natural History, P.O. Box 37012, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. 20013-7012, U.S.A., e-mail: [email protected]; (JJS) Department of Botany and Microbiology, and Oklahoma Biological Survey, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma 73019-6131, U.S.A., e-mail: [email protected] Abstract.—Thirty-three species are recognized in the genus Acilepis with new combinations provided for A. attenuata, A. chiangdaoensis, A. divergens, A. doichangensis, A. fysonii, A. gardneri, A. heynei, A. kingii, A. lobbii, A. namnaoensis, A. nayarii, A. nemoralis, A. ngaoensis, A. ornata, A. peguensis, A. peninsularis, A. principis, A. pseudosutepensis, A. setigera, A. sutepensis, A. thwaitesii, A. tonkinensis,andA. virgata. Acilepis belcheri is described as new. The rhizomiform structure of the pollen muri is discussed and compared with other Vernonieae in Old World Erlangeinae and in New World Lepidaploinae with similar muri. This study continues a series of papers ceous species in Asia under the name by the senior author aimed at delimiting Vernonia were insufficiently known at monophyletic genera within the tribe that time to determine their proper Vernonieae (Asteraceae), broadly sum- placement with regard to Acilepis, includ- marized by Robinson (1999a, 1999b, ing Vernonia attenuata DC. and V. 2007). The principal result has been the divergens (Roxb.) Edgew. These two disintegration of the extremely broad and species, widespread in southern Asia from aphyletic concept of the genus Vernonia India to China, were reviewed but left Schreb. -
Differentiation of Cyanthillium Cinereum, a Smoking Cessation
www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN Diferentiation of Cyanthillium cinereum, a smoking cessation herb, from its adulterant Emilia sonchifolia using macroscopic and microscopic examination, HPTLC profles and DNA barcodes Kannika Thongkhao1, Veerachai Pongkittiphan1, Thatree Phadungcharoen2, Chayapol Tungphatthong1, Santhosh Kumar J. Urumarudappa1, Thitima Pengsuparp3, Narueporn Sutanthavibul4, Worakorn Wiwatcharakornkul1, Surapong Kengtong5 & Suchada Sukrong1* Cyanthillium cinereum (L.) H.Rob. is one of the most popular herbal smoking cessation aids currently used in Thailand, and its adulteration with Emilia sonchifolia (L.) DC. is often found in the herbal market. Therefore, the quality of the raw material must be considered. This work aimed to integrate macro- and microscopic, chemical and genetic authentication strategies to diferentiate C. cinereum raw material from its adulterant. Diferent morphological features between C. cinereum and E. sonchifolia were simply recognized at the leaf base. For microscopic characteristics, trichome and pappus features were diferent between the two plants. HPTLC profles showed a distinct band that could be used to unambiguously diferentiate C. cinereum from E. sonchifolia. Four triterpenoid compounds, β-amyrin, taraxasterol, lupeol, and betulin, were identifed from the distinct HPTLC band of C. cinereum. The use of core DNA barcode regions; rbcL, matK, ITS and psbA-trnH provided species- level resolution to diferentiate the two plants. Taken together, the integration of macroscopic and microscopic characterization, phytochemical analysis by HPTLC and DNA barcoding distinguished C. cinereum from E. sonchifolia. The signatures of C. cinereum obtained here can help manufacturers to increase the quality control of C. cinereum raw material in commercialized smoking cessation products. Over 1.1 billion people smoke tobacco worldwide, which causes approximately 8 million deaths each year, as reported by the World Health Organization (WHO)1. -
Complete List of Literature Cited* Compiled by Franz Stadler
AppendixE Complete list of literature cited* Compiled by Franz Stadler Aa, A.J. van der 1859. Francq Van Berkhey (Johanes Le). Pp. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States 194–201 in: Biographisch Woordenboek der Nederlanden, vol. 6. of America 100: 4649–4654. Van Brederode, Haarlem. Adams, K.L. & Wendel, J.F. 2005. Polyploidy and genome Abdel Aal, M., Bohlmann, F., Sarg, T., El-Domiaty, M. & evolution in plants. Current Opinion in Plant Biology 8: 135– Nordenstam, B. 1988. Oplopane derivatives from Acrisione 141. denticulata. Phytochemistry 27: 2599–2602. Adanson, M. 1757. Histoire naturelle du Sénégal. Bauche, Paris. Abegaz, B.M., Keige, A.W., Diaz, J.D. & Herz, W. 1994. Adanson, M. 1763. Familles des Plantes. Vincent, Paris. Sesquiterpene lactones and other constituents of Vernonia spe- Adeboye, O.D., Ajayi, S.A., Baidu-Forson, J.J. & Opabode, cies from Ethiopia. Phytochemistry 37: 191–196. J.T. 2005. Seed constraint to cultivation and productivity of Abosi, A.O. & Raseroka, B.H. 2003. In vivo antimalarial ac- African indigenous leaf vegetables. African Journal of Bio tech- tivity of Vernonia amygdalina. British Journal of Biomedical Science nology 4: 1480–1484. 60: 89–91. Adylov, T.A. & Zuckerwanik, T.I. (eds.). 1993. Opredelitel Abrahamson, W.G., Blair, C.P., Eubanks, M.D. & More- rasteniy Srednei Azii, vol. 10. Conspectus fl orae Asiae Mediae, vol. head, S.A. 2003. Sequential radiation of unrelated organ- 10. Isdatelstvo Fan Respubliki Uzbekistan, Tashkent. isms: the gall fl y Eurosta solidaginis and the tumbling fl ower Afolayan, A.J. 2003. Extracts from the shoots of Arctotis arcto- beetle Mordellistena convicta. -
6. Tribe VERNONIEAE 86. ETHULIA Linnaeus F., Dec. Prima Pl. Horti Upsal. 1. 1762
Published online on 25 October 2011. Chen, Y. L. & Gilbert, M. G. 2011. Vernonieae. Pp. 354–370 in: Wu, Z. Y., Raven, P. H. & Hong, D. Y., eds., Flora of China Volume 20–21 (Asteraceae). Science Press (Beijing) & Missouri Botanical Garden Press (St. Louis). 6. Tribe VERNONIEAE 斑鸠菊族 ban jiu ju zu Chen Yilin (陈艺林 Chen Yi-ling); Michael G. Gilbert Herbs, shrubs, sometimes climbing, or trees; hairs simple, T-shaped, or stellate. Leaves usually alternate [rarely opposite or whorled], leaf blade entire or serrate-dentate [rarely pinnately divided], venation pinnate, rarely with 3 basal veins (Distephanus). Synflorescences mostly terminal, less often terminal on short lateral branches or axillary, mostly cymose paniculate, less often spikelike, forming globose compound heads or reduced to a solitary capitulum. Capitula discoid, homogamous. Phyllaries generally imbricate, in several rows, rarely in 2 rows, herbaceous, scarious or leathery, outer gradually shorter. Receptacle flat or rather convex, naked or ± fimbriate. Florets 1–400, all bisexual, fertile; corolla tubular, purple, reddish purple, pink, or white, rarely yellow (Distephanus), limb narrowly campanulate or funnelform, 5-lobed. Anther base bifid, auriculate, acute or hastate, rarely caudate, apex appendaged. Style branches usually long and slender, apex subulate or acute, dorsally pilose, without appendage. Achenes cylindric or slightly flattened, (2–)5–10[–20]-ribbed, or 4- or 5-angled, rarely ± terete; pappus usually present, persistent, of many filiform setae, bristles, or scales, often 2-seriate with inner series of setae or bristles and shorter outer series of scales, sometimes very few and deciduous (Camchaya) or absent (Ethulia). Up to 120 genera and 1,400 species: throughout the tropics and extending into some temperate regions; six genera (one introduced) and 39 species (ten endemic, two introduced) in China. -
A New Species of Camchaya (Asteraceae, Vernonieae) from Thailand
A peer-reviewed open-access journal PhytoKeys 12: 53–57A (2012) new species of Camchaya (Asteraceae, Vernonieae) from Thailand 53 doi: 10.3897/phytokeys.12.3221 RESEARCH ARTICLE www.phytokeys.com Launched to accelerate biodiversity research A new species of Camchaya (Asteraceae, Vernonieae) from Thailand Sukhonthip Bunwong1, Pranom Chantaranothai2, Sterling C. Keeley3 1 Maejo University Phrae Campus, Mae Sai, Rong Kwang, Phrae 54140, Thailand 2 Applied Taxonomic Research Center, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand 3 Department of Botany, University of Hawaii at Manoa, 3190 Maile Way, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA Corresponding author: Sukhonthip Bunwong ([email protected]; [email protected]) Academic editor: Vicki Funk | Received 12 April 2012 | Accepted 4 May 2012 | Published 8 May 2012 Citation: Bunwong S, Chantaranothai P, Keeley SC (2012) A new species of Camchaya (Asteraceae, Vernonieae) from Thailand. PhytoKeys 12: 53–57. doi: 10.3897/phytokeys.12.3221 Abstract Camchaya thailandica Bunwong, Chantar. & S.C.Keeley, sp. nov. from Phu Phrabat Historical Park, Udon Thani, Thailand is described as a new species. Plant of this new species are similar to C. gracilis (Gagnep.) Bunwong & H.Rob. but differ in having ovate phyllaries without margin spines, 10-ribbed achenes, and broadly ovate leaves. This species is a rare endemic known only from the type collection and probably confined to open areas of sandstone hills in Udon Thani province. Keywords Asteraceae, Compositae, Vernonieae, Camchaya, Thailand, new species Introduction Koyama (1984) described six species of Camchaya in Thailand, recognizing the ge- nus based on the presence of 5–10 ribbed achenes and a bristle-like pappus on some florets, thus broadening earlier concepts of the genus by Kerr (1935) and Kitamura (1968). -
Some Aspects of the Ecology of Vernonia Cinerea (Linn.) Less
International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications, Volume 5, Issue 9, September 2015 1 ISSN 2250-3153 Some Aspects of the Ecology of Vernonia cinerea (Linn.) Less. in Awka Town, Anambra State, Nigeria. Nwaogaranya, U. P. and E. I. Mbaekwe Department of Botany, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Anambra State,Nigeria. Abstract- This study was carried out to assess how the presence flowers are administered to treat conjunctivitis and the root is of Vernonia cinerea (Linn.) Less. impacts on plant biodiversity given in cases of dropsy, whereas the seeds are also employed as wherever it occurs, and to determine the species diversity in the an antihelmintic and alexipharmic (Tadesse et al., 1993). The plots where V. cinerea was present and those in which the plant leaves either ground or as a decoction, are also used to treat skin was absent. Abundance measures of V. cinerea and other diseases (Oliver, 1986). associated species in its natural environment and species Hopkins (1974) noted that one qualitative method of analysis diversity (using Shannon-Wiener Index) were determined using of a community is to list all the species present. The number of the quadrat method. Four different plots were chosen for the species in a community is important ecologically since the study: two plots were chosen from sites where V. cinerea was species diversity seems to increase as the community becomes present and the other two plots were chosen from sites where V. stable (Michael, 1984). In ecological methods, Jackson and cinerea was absent. Results from the species abundance of V. Forrester (1974) stated that a typical modern technique is to cinerea and other associated species in plots where V.