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University Microfilm s International 300 N. Zeeb Road Ann Arbor, Ml 48106 8510623 Penniman, Andrew Jay REVISION OF THE BRITCHERI AND PUGNATA GROUPS OF SCOTINELLA (ARANEAE, CORINNIDAE, PHRUROLITHINAE) WITH A RECLASSIFICATION OF PHRUROLITHINE SPIDERS The Ohio State University Ph.D. 1985 University Microfilms International300 N. Zeeb Road, Ann Arbor, Ml 48106 Copyright 1985 by Penniman, Andrew Jay All Rights Reserved PLEASE NOTE: In all cases this material has been filmed in the best possible way from the available copy. Problems encountered with this document have been identified here with a check mark V . 1. Glossy photographs or pages \S 2. Colored illustrations, paper or print_______ 3. Photographs with dark background_____ 4. Illustrations are poor copy _______ 5. Pages with black marks, not original copy ______ 6. Print shows through as there is text on both sides of p ag e_______ 7. Indistinct, broken or small print on several pages 8. Print exceeds margin requirements______ 9. Tightly bound copy with print lost in spine _______ 10. Computer printout pages with indistinct print _______ 11. Page(s)____________ lacking when material received, and not available from school or author. 12. Page(s)____________ seem to be missing in numbering only as text follows. 13. Two pages num bered . Text follows. 14. Curling and wrinkled pages______ 15. Dissertation contains pages with print at a slant, filmed as received __________ 16. Other _______________ University Microfilms International REVISION OF THE BR1TCHER1 AND PUGNATA GROUPS OF SCOT1NELLA (ARANEAE, CORINN1DAE, PHRUROLITHINAE) WITH A RECLASSIFICATION OF PHRUROLITHINE SPIDERS DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Andrew Jay Penniman, B.A., M.S. ***** The Ohio State University 1985 Reading Committee: Approved By Barry D. Valentine John L. Crites Rodger D. Mitchell Charles A. Triplehorn Adviser Department of Zoology Copyright by Andrew Jay Penniman 1985 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS In the long course of this research man/ people have provided me stimulation, assistance, and counsel. I can never repay them, but I can try to express my gratitude. First among them must be my advisor, Barry Valentine, who has supported and encouraged me throughout my career at Ohio State. When I was considering studying salticids, Charlie Dondale convinced me to work on Scotinella instead. He induced me to open a can of worms far more fascinating than I expected. He, Norm Platnick, and Herb Levi have lent their advice and encouragement, as well as their specimens, repeatedly during this study. Graduate students in the Departments of Zoology, Entomology, and Botany, particularly Eric Juterbock, Charlie Withrow, Eric Smith, Mike Ivie, Mike Hamerski, Rich Miller, Sam Stribling, Rolf Aalbu, Quentin Wheeler, Larry Watrous, and Vicki Funk, have also helped, encouraged, and occasionally chided me. With them I've enjoyed trading specimens and ideas, and some of both have found their way into this work. Many of the OSU faculty have contributed to my education. Clay Cook and Rodger M itchell, especially, have impressed upon me the need to remain aware of developments beyond my field of arachnology. As a teaching associate I have been priviledged to work under Roger Burnard and Wayne Aspey. They understand I that education is for the learner, and helped me learn to educate others. Dr. Charles Triplehorn has given me free access to the spider collection under his care, including the Barrows collection. The availability of comparative material has been valuable. Susan Mahaney and Libby Marschall assisted me in preparation of the line drawings and Dave Stutes operated the scanning electron microscope. Dave Dennis helped me with the final mounting and reproduction of the figures. To all of those above, and to others not named individually, who have offered advice, encouragement, stimulation, and friendship throughout my time at OSU, 1 offer my gratitude. This work has been supported, in part, by a Graduate Student Alumni Research Award from the Graduate School, The Ohio State University, and a summer research associateship from the Department of Zoology, The Ohio State University. The time I've taken to complete this work has consumed many evenings and weekends, especially in the later stages when I've worked at night so I could study spiders during the day. Meriel and Jared have been patient and loving when I've had little time and money to give them. Finally, 1 thank my parents, John B. and Elnora B. Penniman, and grandparents, L.W. and Mary B. Penniman. Through the love and encouragement they gave me, they subtly steered me toward biology in ways none of us realized. In Mom's garden, during summers at Walloon Lake, watching birds at feeders and nest boxes, and on trips over lakes, mountains, prairies, and deserts I began to ask questions. iii VITA December 19,1948 Born - Evanston, Illinois 1971 B.A., Albion College, Albion Michigan 1971 -1975 Teaching Associate, Department of Zoology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio I 975 M.S., The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 1977-1980 Teaching Associate, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 1980-1981 Instructor, Department of Biology, Denison University, Granville, Ohio 1981-1982, 1983 Visiting Lecturer, Department of Biology, Denison University, Granville, Ohio PUBLICATIONS 1978. Taxonomic and natural history notes on Phrurolithus fratrellus Gertsch (Araneae: Clubionidae). Journal of Arachnology 6: 125-132. 1983. Book Review: Dondale, Charles D., and James H. Redner. 1982. The Insects and Arachnids of Canada. Part 9. The Sac Spiders of Canada and Alaska (Araneae: Clubionidae and Anyphaenidae). Agric. Canada Publ. No. 1724. 194 pp. Journal of Arachnology 11: 457-458. HONORS AND AWARDS Graduate Student Alumni Research Award, the Graduate School, The Ohio State University, 1979, $500 for dissertation research. Summer Research Associateship, Department of Zoology, The Ohio State University, 1980. iv PRESENTATIONS Habitat relationships of some common spiders in Central Ohio. Eastern Meeting of the American Arachnological Society, Western Carolina University, Cullowhee, North Carolina, 23 June 1977. Spider identification. Part of a workshop on spider biology for the Ohio Historical Society, 19 February 1983. Cladistic relationships of some "clubionid" spiders. International Meeting of the American Arachnological Society, Loyola University, New Orleans, Louisiana, 20 June 1984. FIELD STUDIES Michigan, Cheboygan Co., University of Michigan Biological Station, summer 1969. Canada, New Brunswick, Bowdoin College Biological Station, Kent Island off Grand Manan Island, summer 1970. East Africa, Kenya and Tanzania, study tour and collecting expedition sponsored by The Ohio State University and led by B.D. Valentine, May-June 1975. Collecting trips to Alabama, Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky, Louisiana, Michigan, Mississippi, Missouri, North Carolina, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Tennessee, and Virginia, 197 i-present. v ( TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS............................................................................................................ii VITA ..................................................................................................................................... iv LIST OF T A B L E S ..................................................................................................................... viii LIST OF F IG U R E S ......................................................................................................................ix