1 AMERICAN SEGMENTAL INSTITUTE SEGMENTS

INSIDE Editorial

Milestone Projects COMMUNICATION NEWS Completed & Underway New Organizational Members...... 2 2006 was a banner year for • Allegheny River Bridge, Pennsylvania 2006 Annual Convention...... 2, 3 completion or substantial completion (see newsletter project report) 2006 Leadership Awards...... 4 of major segmental and cable-stayed Taken together, the above projects Technical Advisory Committee...... 4 bridge projects in the U.S. including: illustrate major advantages of 2007-2008 Officers & Executive • The Skyway portion of the San segmental and concrete cable-stayed Committee Members Elected...... 4 Francisco-Oakland East Bay Bridge, , including: 2007 Membership Directory...... 5 (Newsletter, Volume 47) • Rapid, economical construction over 2007 Grouting Certification Training...... 5 • The Susquehanna River Bridge, water and in limited right-of-way Pennsylvania (see newsletter project 2007 Seminar, Seattle...... 5 • Durability, with design life up to 150 report) 2007 Construction Practices Seminar years at IBC Conference...... 5 • The Otay River Bridge, California • Design for extreme seismic events (see newsletter project report) 2007 AASHTO Meeting...... 6 • Protection of sensitive environment • The Penobscot Narrows Bridge and 2007 Bridge Award of Excellence • Long-span capability Competition...... 6 Observatory (see newsletter project • Integration of aesthetics 2007 Convention...... 6 report) These advantages, and others, ASPIRE – Concrete Industry Launches • The Lee Roy Selmon Expressway, Bridge Magazine...... 6 Tampa, Florida are considered to provide the basis FEG Technical Director Combault to • The Veterans Glass City Skyway, for continued growth in the use of Head IABSE...... 7 Ohio (see newsletter project report) concrete segmental and cable-stayed Bayshore Concrete Products 45th • US-17 Wilmington Bypass, North bridges in the years ahead. Anniversary...... 7 Carolina (Newsletter, Volume 48) • Benicia-Martinez Bridge, California PROJECT NEWS (see newsletter project report) Veterans’ Glass City Skyway, Ohio...... 8, 9 Major Segmental projects underway in the U. S. include: SR125 Otay River Bridge, California... 10, 11 • Hoover Dam Bypass Bridge, Penobscot Narrows Bridge & Observatory, Maine...... 11, 12 Arizona-Nevada (Longest Concrete Arch Span in the U.S., Newsletter, Volume 49 Advancing Segmental Bridge Technology in Israel...... 12, 13 Volume 48) Winter 2007 Benicia-Martinez Bridge, California...... 14 • Wakota Bridge, (Newsletter, Volume 46) Susquehanna River Bridge, Pennsylvania...... 14 • Seattle Sound Transit Light Rail Saadiyat Bridge, United Arab Emirates...... 15 Project, Washington (see newsletter Editorial by Cliff Freyermuth Allegheny River Bridge, Pennsylvania...... 15 project report) Manager, ASBI Seattle Sound Transit, Washington...... 16 COMMUNICATION NEWS

New ASBI Organizational Exhibitors included: Members BASF Building Systems We are very pleased to welcome Bilfinger Berger Civil, Inc. McNary Bergeron & Associates, Inc. and PBS&J as new ASBI The D.S. Brown Company Organizational (Consultant) Members. DEAL/Rizzani de Eccher USA The addresses and contact persons are Diebolt & Company as follows: DSI McNARY BERGERON & ASSOCIATES ENERPAC 220 Old Boston Post Road F&M Mafco, Inc. Old Saybrook CT 06475 Freyssinet, LLC (860) 388-2267 Fyfe Company, LLC Fax: 860-388-2268 Email: [email protected] General Technologies, Inc. Figure 1 - Hans-Rudolf Ganz, Chief Technical Hilman Rollers [email protected] Officer, VSL International. James Bergeron, Scott McNary Howell Interqup Strukturas International, Fig. 1. In-depth case LARSA, Inc. PBS&J studies were presented on the Veterans MEXPRESA 5300 W. Cypress Street Glass City Skyway, Ohio, and the Suite 300 Otay River Bridge, California. The R.J. Watson, Inc. Tampa FL 33607 Tuesday afternoon tour was to the Sika Corporation (813) 282-7275 Otay River Bridge located southeast of Sumiden Wire Products Corporation Fax: (813) 288-9072 San Diego. Vector Corrosion Technologies www.pbsj.com Twenty-two companies participated VSL Email: [email protected] in the Exhibitor Showcase in the [email protected] Barcino Pavilion, an exceptionally Watson Bowman Acme - A BASF Amir Kangari, Morad Ghali attractive exhibit facility located on the Company 2 1 hotel grounds (Fig. 2). Williams Form Engineering 2006 ASBI Convention, La Jolla, California The La Jolla Hyatt Regency at Aventine provided an outstanding venue for the 18th Annual ASBI Convention, November 5 – 7, 2006. Total attendance was 385, making this the second largest attendance at an ASBI Convention, second only to the attendance of 414 at the 2002 convention in San Francisco. The convention program featured presentations on design and construction of significant segmental projects in the U.S., Canada, Mexico, Japan, China, Australia, India and Singapore. The international theme was continued in the Awards Luncheon presentation, “A World Perspective on Segmental Concrete Bridge Construction” by Hans-Rudolf Ganz, Chief Technical Officer, VSL Figure 2 - Exhibitor Showcase, ASBI Convention. Some photos (Figs. 3 - 8) taken during the convention are presented below.

Figure 3 - 2005 – 2006 ASBI President Paul Liles, Bridge Engineer, Georgia Department of Transportation presiding at the 2006 Convention Awards Luncheon Figure 6 - ASBI Exhibit activity.

Figure 4 - Hans-Rudolf Ganz, Chief Technical Officer, VSL International during the Awards 1 3 Luncheon presentation “A World Perspective on Segmental Concrete Bridge Construction”. Dr. Ganz was elected as fib President for 2007-2008 at the fib General Assembly convened in Naples on June 4, 2006. Figure 7 - ASBI President Paul Liles, Georgia DOT making Leadership Award presentation to Hala Elgaaly, FHWA-FLH Bridge Engineer.

Figure 5 - 2007-2008 ASBI President, Raymond McCabe, HNTB Corporation, during remarks at Figure 8 - Caltrans Engineers Majid Madani, Ganapathy Murugesh, and Gernot Komer, David Evans & the 2006 Convention Awards Luncheon. Associates during a coffee break. 2006 ASBI ASBI Technical Advisory Leadership Awards Committee The eight individuals selected The ASBI Technical Advisory for 2006 ASBI Leadership Committee was reorganized during the Awards presented at the 2006 November 5, 2006 Board of Directors Convention Awards Luncheon meeting at the Hyatt Regency La Jolla are shown in Fig. 9. The award at Aventine. The stated purpose of the recipients and the award citation Technical Advisory Committee is to are as follows: organize the wisdom and experience Presented to JOHN D. ARMENI For Outstanding Contributions to of ASBI Members to provide advisory the Segmental Concrete Bridge Industry as Chair of ASBI Committees on services regarding the effective design Membership, and Construction Practices. and construction of concrete segmental Presented to HALA ELGAALY For Major Contributions to the Segmental bridges. The committee membership is Concrete Bridge Industry representing the FHWA on the ASBI Board of as follows: Directors, and as Chair, ASBI Bridge Award of Excellence Committee. John A. Corven, Corven Presented to CLIFFORD L. FREYERMUTH For Outstanding Career Engineering, Chair Contributions to the Segmental Concrete Bridge Industry as ASBI Executive Vice Mike Bartholomew, CH2M Hill President for 1989-2006. W. Denney Pate, FIGG Presented to PAUL V. LILES, JR For Outstanding Contributions to the Daniel Tassin, International Bridge Segmental Concrete Bridge Industry as ASBI President for 2005-2006. Technologies, Inc. Presented to ALAN J. MORETON For Outstanding Leadership In Joseph K. Tse, Parsons Brinckerhoff Advancement of Design and Construction Technology for Segmental Concrete Steven L. Stroh, URS Corporation Bridges. Clifford L. Freyermuth, ASBI, Presented to W. DENNEY PATE For Outstanding Career Contributions in ExOfficio Design of Major Concrete Segmental and Cable-Stayed Bridges. Presented to GUIDO SCHWAGER For Outstanding Career Contributions to 2007 -2008 ASBI Officers 4 1 Construction Technology for Segmental and Cable-Stayed Concrete Bridges. And Executive Committee Presented to STEVEN L. STROH For Outstanding Contributions to the Members Elected Design and Use of Concrete Segmental and Extradosed Bridges. ASBI Officers for 2007-2008 elected at the November 5 meeting of the Figure 9 - Board of Directors are: ASBI award winners. President Raymond McCabe, HNTB Corporation Vice President John D. Armeni, Armeni Consulting Services, LLC Secretary/Treasurer John Crigler,VSL Three new members of the Executive Committee were also elected November 5: Elie H. Homsi, Flatiron Constructors, Inc. Daniel Tassin, International Bridge Technologies, Inc. Kevin Thompson, California Department of Transportation (Caltrans) 2007 ASBI Membership Directory A copy of the 2007 Membership Directory is enclosed with the newsletter. Additional copies are available on request.

2007 ASBI Grouting Certification Training The 2007 ASBI Grouting Certification Training will be held April 16 - 17 at the J.J. Pickle Research Campus at the University of at Austin. The training is co-sponsored by the Texas DOT. A view of the large specimen grouting demonstrations is presented in Fig. 10. A total of 971 engineers and construction personnel have participated in this training over the past 6 years. Figure 10 - Large Specimen Grouting Demonstration. ASBI will offer the grouting examination in both English and ASBI Construction Practices Seminar for the 2007 IBC Spanish. Program highlights and Conference registration information for the 2007 ASBI has organized a seminar on “Construction Practices for concrete Segmental Grouting Certification Training are Bridges” for the 2007 IBC Conference scheduled July 4-6 in Pittsburgh to provide presented as an insert in this newsletter. comprehensive background on construction technology for the more widely used A complete program brochure and types of segmental concrete bridges, including production of precast segments, registration form is posted on the ASBI and equipment used for erection of precast segmental bridges. The instructors 1 5 website (www.asbi-assoc.org). will address constructability and lessons learned from past projects for avoiding problems, minimizing delays and reducing cost. The program is as follows:

2007 ASBI Seminar on ASBI Construction Practices Seminar for the 2007 IBC Conference June 4 – 6, 2007 “Design & Construction of Segmental and Cable- Program Supported Concrete Bridges Overview of Segmental Construction May 14 -15 Red Lion Hotel - Cliff Freyermuth, American Segmental Bridge Institute Seattle International Airport Construction of Precast Segmental Span-by-Span Bridges Seattle, WA David Jeakle, URS Corporation On May 14 & 15, the American Construction of Precast Balanced Cantilever Bridges Segmental Bridge Institute will sponsor a two-day seminar on design and David Jeakle, URS Corporation construction practices of segmental Construction of Cast-in-Place Balanced Cantilever Bridges concrete and cable-stay bridges to John Crigler, VSL assist owners, contractors, engineers, Production of Precast Segments with an Overview of Equipment for Handling, consultants and suppliers on all aspects Transporting, and Erecting Precast Segmental Bridges of segmental and cable-stay bridge · Production of Precast Segments design and construction. The seminar · Overview of Equipment for Handling, Transporting, and Erecting Precast program and registration information Segmental Bridges will be posted to the ASBI website in February. Cliff Freyermuth, American Segmental Bridge Institute 2007 Meeting of the Concrete segmental, or concrete AASHTO Subcommittee on cable-supported (cable-stayed or Bridges and Structures extradosed) bridges opened to the Information on the 2007 meeting public or dedicated between January of the AASHTO Subcommittee on 1, 2005 and August 1, 2007 qualify Bridges and Structures is as follows: for the competition. For complete Bridge Engineer: details see the ASBI Bridge Award Jiten K. Soneji, P.E. (302) 760-2299 of Excellence Call for Entries on the 2007 Dates: ASBI website (www.asbi-assoc.org). Sunday, July 8 - Thursday, July 12 The ASBI office must receive all Location: entries by August 1, 2007. Hotel DuPont, 11th and Market Street, Wilmington, Delaware 19801 magazine’s Hotel Phone: (302) 594-3100 first issue will mail in Hotel Website: www.dupont. January to a qualified circulation of com/hotel/about_overview.htm 25,000. John Dick, PCI’s Director of The ASBI Executive Committee and Transportation, said, “This very Board of Directors will meet on July 8 important periodical will fill a at 9:00 am and 11:30 am respectively, bonafide need with our target at the Hotel DuPont, and the ASBI- audiences documenting concrete’s AASHTO Reception will be held July distinct bridge advantages and 9 from 5:30pm to 7:30pm. applications. It responds to the market’s continuing growth with concrete now accounting for 74.4 percent of the number of new

2007 ASBI Convention bridge construction and replacement projects” (based on the latest FHWA 6 The 2007 ASBI Convention 1 will be held November 4-6 at The figures released in August, 2006). Orleans Hotel and Casino in Las “That breaks down to 35.7 percent for Vegas, Nevada. The ASBI Executive reinforced concrete and 38.7 percent Committee and Board of Directors for . If you look meetings will be held on Wednesday, at the size of bridges based on surface November 7. The 2007 convention area, reinforced concrete accounts for bridge tour will be to the construction 12.6 percent of bridges built and 59.9 site of the Hoover Dam Bypass Bridge, percent for prestressed concrete,” Dick 2007 with cast-in-place segmental arch notes. “Designers want to share what ASBI Bridge Award spans of 1,060 ft. which will be the they’re doing with creative designs of Excellence Competition 4th longest in the world (and longest and the need for technology transfer is The third biennial “Bridge Award in North America) when complete. tremendous.” of Excellence Competition” will Joining PCI in the Aspire venture be presented in 2007 sponsored Concrete Industry to Launch are the American Segmental Bridge cooperatively by ASBI and Concrete Bridge Magazine Institute (ASBI), Post-Tensioning Products Magazine. The “Call for Several Associations Join in Venture Institute (PTI), Portland Cement Entires,” including all details for Chicago, IL – The Precast/ Association (PCA), American Coal participating is now available on Prestressed Concrete Institute (PCI) is Ash Association (ACAA), Expanded the ASBI website (www.asbi-assoc. launching Aspire, a new, dedicated Shale, Clay & Slate Institute org). The Bridge Owner or any ASBI concrete bridge magazine in January (ESCSI), the National Ready Mixed Organizational Member may submit 2007 targeting federal, state and local Concrete Association (NRMCA), the award entries. All entries must have Departments of Transportation and Silica Fume Association (SFA) and the Owner’s written endorsement. consulting engineers. The quarterly the Wire Reinforcement Institute (WRI). Other associations are FEG Technical including professors, researchers, expected to join, as well. Director Combault designers, suppliers, and contractors. The magazine will cover all To Head IABSE IABSE has the following objectives: Jacques Combault, types of concrete designs including • promote a worldwide exchange of Technical Director at precast concrete, cast-in-place and knowledge Finley Engineering segmental bridges. Each issue will • identify present and future needs Group (FEG) and one of the world’s feature a profile of a significant bridge of the society foremost bridge engineering and consultant, as well as information • encourage innovations and construction experts, was elected to on trends and case histories in a progress in structural engineering head the International Association high-quality, four-color format. • promote major achievements in of Bridge and Structural Engineers Departments will provide news from our global world (IABSE) at the group’s annual State DOTs, counties and cities that symposium in Budapest, Hungary, in are designing significant concrete Bayshore Concrete Products September. bridges. Celebrates 45th Anniversary Combault will serve as president The magazine will be produced Established in 1961 to produce the of the group from November 2007 by the same team that has published precast prestressed concrete compo- through October 2010. The IABSE PCI’s award-winning Ascent magazine nents for the world famous 17 mile is a scientific/technical association for the past 14 years. Editorial services long Chesapeake Bay Bridge Tunnel, with 3,900 members in 100 countries, are provided by James O. Ahtes Inc. connecting Virginia Beach with the including 48 national groups with Ascent Managing Editor Craig Eastern Shore of Virginia, Bayshore worldwide. Founded in 1929, the Shutt joined by Managing Technical Concrete has continued as a premier IABSE is based in Zurich, Switzerland Editor Dr. Henry Russell, (who also supplier of a wide variety of precast “I am very proud for having been edits HPC Bridge Views). Other prestressed concrete structural products. elected among four renowned and transportation and bridge experts Operated by a management and respected candidates by the 84 mem- have also been retained for article staff with world wide engineering and bers of the Permanent Committee,” development and commentary. manufacturing experience, Bayshore says Combault. “My goal as president Design, layout and production is has expanded its production capacity, will be to make the IABSE even handled by Leader Graphics Design and diversified its product line, while stronger and more useful to its mem- 7 (which also provides those services maintaining a strong emphasis on 1 bers, the profession, and society as a for As c e n t ), and the handling quality control. Bayshore personnel whole.” of advertising sales through Jim are proud of their reputation for IABSE is an international associa- Oestmann of Arlington Publishers outstanding product quality and tion serving professionals involved in Representatives. customer service. Bayshore has all aspects of structural engineering, produced precast segments for many notable segmental bridges in the Northeast. Bayshore’s main plant (Fig. 11) in Cape Charles, Virginia employs approximately 275 people and is centrally located for east coast shipment and readily accessible to ocean, coastal and inland waterways, as well as rail and highway networks. In 1989 Bayshore Concrete opened a second plant in Chesapeake, Virginia to produce a variety of square piles and smaller structural members to better service the Tidewater/Hampton Roads area of Virginia. The Chesapeake facility employs approximately 85 Figure 11 - Bayshore Concrete Products Cape Charles Facility. people. PROJECT NEWS

Veterans’ Glass City Skyway equipment: two overhead gantries, one stainless steel cable sheathing was (I-280) underslung launcher, falsework towers, lifted into position using an innovative On December 20, 2006, the Ohio ground-based crane erection and highline system. The epoxy-coated Department of Transportation marked top-down erection of the main span strands of the stays were installed and a major milestone towards the comple­ cantilever. stressed individually. The stays are the tion of the $220 million Veterans’ Construction of the 612' main largest in the world for a cable-stayed Glass City Skyway cable-stayed bridge span cantilever and installation of bridge, with a maximum stay size of in Toledo, Ohio. On that day the final the 20 stay cables has progressed very 156 seven-wire strands housed in a 20" pair of precast segments for the project quickly, with stay cables stressed on diameter sheathing pipe. was erected at the main span cantilever average every eight calendar days. The final main span closure pour is (Figs. 12 and 13). During calendar Each typical erection cycle included: expected to be completed by the end year 2006, a significant amount of aligning, applying epoxy and post- of January 2007. Barrier rails, road­ precast segmental erection work has tensioning three pairs of superstructure way lighting, expansion joints and the been completed, with nearly 1300 of segments; installation of a precast delta installation of the LED light fixtures the 3050 total segments on the project frame; casting of closure joints at the and glass panels in the pylon will be erected span-by-span and in uni- bottom corners of the delta frames, completed this spring. Grand opening directional cantilever. During the peak as well as a 15' wide median slab; and celebrations are scheduled for the end of the work in the summer of 2006, stress­ing of both top slab and bottom of May, 2007. segments were being erected at six sites transverse tendons. Once this cycle was simultaneously, utilizing a variety of completed, the pre-welded full-length

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Figure 12 - Placement of final pair of segments Veteran’s Glass City Skyway, Toledo, OH on December 20, 2006. (photo courtesy of FIGG). Figure 13 - Placement of final pair of segments Veteran’s Glass City Skyway, Toledo, OH on Dec. 20, 2006. (photo courtesy of FIGG).

1 9 Figure 14 - SR125 Otay River Bridge Otay River Bridge The graceful lines of the Otay River (photo courtesy of Bridge are emerging in San Diego, International Bridge Technologies, Inc.). California, as construction of the bridge moves into its final phase. The bridge is a critical link in the South Bay Expressway, a new highway that is being built to connect the busy Otay Mesa border crossing with the southern California freeway network. The Otay River Bridge is being built in the balanced cantilever method. Erection is proceeding on two Figure 15- parallel alignments simultaneously, Otay River Bridge employing an erection truss that can (photo courtesy of shift from one alignment to the other International Bridge after each cycle. This allows post- Technologies, Inc.). tensioning operations to proceed on one alignment while segments are being positioned on the other. The bridge includes three mid-span closure joints, where continuity is achieved via internal steel beams. All cast-in-place concrete substructure elements are now complete, and only two of the eleven piers remain for superstructure erection. Precasting operations are 10 1

Figure 16 - Otay River Bridge (photo courtesy of International Bridge Technologies, Inc.). complete, though segments are still in Penobscot Narrows Bridge & the new bridge just 40 months after storage at the precasting facility located Observatory the emergency replacement began in Perris, CA, roughly 80 miles north More than 15,000 Maine residents in the summer of 2003. The 2,120' of the bridge site. Segments are hauled and tourists enjoyed a walk on the new cast-in-place concrete bridge has a by trailer to the bridge site, where a Penobscot Narrows Bridge on October 1,171' cable stayed main span and limited number of segments are stored 14, 2006. The Waldo Hancock Bridge features state-of-the-art technology to prior to erection. may be seen in the background. provide the strands with a protective Progress photos and a bridge The Penobscot Narrows Bridge environment (Fig. 18). FIGG’s webcam can be seen at www. opened to traffic on December 30, patented cradle system was used to southbayexpressway.com. 2006 with a group of stalwart Maine carry the stays through the pylon in an citizens who braved a snowstorm and alternating V pattern, originating at Participants: limited visibility to celebrate the end the center of the bridge. This opened Project Owner: California of an era with a parade of antique the core of the pylon for use as an Transportation Ventures cars across the Waldo Hancock elevator shaft to carry sightseers to the Contractor: Otay River Constructors, Bridge (Fig. 17). Maine Department top of the 420’ pylon and the multi- a joint venture of Washington Group of Transportation employees re- level glass observatory. Finish work will International and Fluor. positioned barricades to shift U.S. be completed by the Cianbro/Reed Gantry Supplier: Rizzani de Eccher Route 1 traffic onto the new Penobscot + Reed IV on both the bridge and Designer: International Bridge Narrows Bridge, which was opened the observatory by spring, including Technologies, Washington with a ribbon cutting and parade of the substitution of three traditional Infrastructure Services International area fire trucks. Traffic flowed over steel seven wire cable stay strands

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Figure 17 - Penobscot Narrows Bridge & Observatory, linking Waldo and Hancock Counties, Maine (photo courtesy of FIGG). Figure 18 - Penobscot Narrows Bridge (photo courtesy of FIGG).

with carbon fiber composite strands Finley Engineering Group, Inc. design process that began in February to evaluate this material under actual (FEG) is providing final design and 2006 and resulted in the casting of the conditions.­ The cradle system provides construction engineering services first segment in July. the opportunity for selective removal, for the segmental bridges in this The design process included a inspection and replacement of strands, interchange. The contractor, Danya- technical review by Israeli General while the bridge is under traffic. The Cebus, Ltd., was challenged with a Consultant engineers to confirm that observatory will open to the public in tight construction schedule to meet the external tendon system adequately the spring, fol­lowed by the first annual concession agreement requirements met the project requirements. To assist Bridgefest in June of 2007. and project financing goals. As a result, the Israeli engineers in evaluating 12 1 FEG proposed the use of external external tendon post-tensioning

Road 431: Advancing tendons to allow for simplified systems, FEG produced a technical Segmental Bridge Technology precasting of the segments, reduction white paper that included details in Israel in segment cross-sectional area and of previous projects, excerpts from The Country of Israel clearly has an foundation loads, fewer tendon technical articles, and a list of benefits affinity for segmental bridges. Though stressing operations and a reduced that the external tendons bring to the it is only about the size of New Jersey, design schedule. FEG worked with the project. It also included FEG’s analysis Israel has constructed more than 25 contractor during a streamlined final of tendon loss scenarios to meet segmental bridge structures in the last strict bridge security requirements 20 years. and design methodology for service Despite the country’s considerable and ultimate limit state design with experience with segmental bridges, external tendons. the Road 431 Project (Fig. 19) will be This project involves many the first in Israeli bridge construction challenges common in today’s history to use external tendons. A construction environment, including Design-Build-Operate-Transfer venture, a rapid construction schedule and the Road 431 project consists of an budgetary restrictions. Additionally, interchange with six precast segmental the contractor required details that bridges. These 12.5m wide bridges will enhanced the long-term durability have span lengths ranging from 30m of the structure; they must own to 66m and will consist of 501 precast and maintain these bridges in segments with a total deck area of more Figure 19 - Tendon layout Road 431 Bridge (photo satisfactory condition for 30 years than 18,000 square meters. courtesy of FEG). before transferring ownership to the installation of continuity tendons and and deviators to simplify the external fewer tendon stressing operations. tendon details. These post-tensioning The use of external tendons also details allow for replacement of provided technical advantages in the external tendons should this be the bridge design, such as increased required in the future. FEG also ductility for flexural moment resistance specified the use of pre-packaged and a significant reduction in principle grouts, multiple levels of protection tensile stresses in the box girder webs. and enhanced duct systems to improve These benefits allowed for longer, post-tensioning system performance. Figure 20 - Pier Diaphragm Segment Road 431 constant-depth span lengths for Erection photos for the Road 431 Bridge (photo courtesy of FEG). the bridges while still meeting the Bridges are shown in (Fig. 21a-d). interchange design requirements. The The use of external tendons on government. Due to the span lengths large anchorage zones required for a segmental bridge project is not a and size of the segments, FEG’s external tendons presented a challenge revolutionary concept. But by assessing technical director, Jacques Combault, in keeping the pier segment weight the contractor’s needs and introducing proposed a combination of internal within the 65 ton lifting capacity of the proven segmental bridge technologies and external tendons to maximize the contractor’s equipment. FEG utilized to the Israeli construction practice, this efficiency of these precast box girder a volume element finite element approach provided recognized benefits bridges. Internal tendons are used in analysis to optimize the pier segment to the owner and contractor with the top slab in support of the crane- diaphragm design and keep the simplified precasting details, rapid based balanced cantilever construction, segment weight within the contractor’s erection procedures and improved and external tendons are utilized requirements. (Fig. 20) Along with long-term durability. The Road 431 for all continuity post-tensioning. the introduction of external tendons, project offers another case study in This system was developed with the FEG incorporated several other the benefits of meeting challenges contractor for more consistent segment innovations on this project, including by seeking solutions that go beyond precasting configurations, rapid the use of diabolos in the pier segments standard practice.

< Figure 21a 1 13

Figure 21b >

< Figure 21c

Figure 21d >

Figure 21 - Erection photos, Road 431 Bridges (photos courtesy of FEG). Figure 22 - Benicia- Martinez Bridge Overview with Segments Complete (photo courtesy of Kiewit Pacific, Inc.).

Figure 23 - (inset) Benicia-Martinez Bridge Closure Segment Construction (photo courtesy of Kiewit Pacific, Inc.).

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Benicia-Martinez Bridge Susquehanna River Bridge Completes Last Closure Pennsylvania’s first precast Segment concrete segmental vehicular bridge On December 19, 2006 the last is nearing completion (Fig. 24). closure segment was cast for the The Susquehanna River Bridge, Benicia-Martinez Bridge (Figs. 22 and owned by the 23). There was a total of 353 segments Commission, features twin 5,910 cast including typical, hinge, and linear foot structures to carry I-76 over closure segments. The cast-in-place the Susquehanna River. Erection of the balanced cantilever segmental bridge westbound structure was completed Figure 24 - Susquehanna River Bridge (1-76), is located approximately 45 minutes on November 7, 2006 and casting December 29, 2006 (photo courtesy of FIGG). northeast of San Francisco, California. of the 1,040 precast segments was completed on December 29, 2006 Participants: (Fig. 25). Erection operations of the Owner: Caltrans eastbound structure are on schedule General Contractor: Kiewit for completion in late February, 2007. Designer: T.Y. Lin International/ The bridge is scheduled to open to CH2M Hill, a Joint Venture traffic by May 4, 2007 and plans are Construction Engineer: Parsons being made for a community bridge Post-Tensioning Supplier: Schwager walk prior to the traffic opening. Davis, Inc. Figure 25 - Last segment for the Susquehanna Form Traveler Supplier: VSL River Bridge (photo courtesy of FIGG). structure. Likewise, the form of the superstructure has been sculpted to create a sleek and streamlined appearance that masks the massiveness of this structure. The road lighting for the bridge Figure 26 - will be used to reinforce the theme of Rendering of the the bridge and create a linear rhythm Saadiyat Bridge to the silhouette of the bridge. The (rendering courtesy of Parsons). static lighting will serve to feature the sculptural forms of the bridge. Uplights on the main span piers will create a beautiful composition, Update on Saadiyat Bridge will be constructed using the cast-in- reflecting in the water. Dynamic Abu Dhabi Tourism Authority place balanced cantilever segmental United Arab Emirates lighting along the length of the bridge concrete construction method, while may be used to generate multiple The Saadiyat Bridge (Fig. 26) the approach spans which vary in lighting effects. in Abu Dhabi will serve as the length up to 55 m, will utilize the Services provided by Parsons include: transportation link between the Mina precast segmental span-by-span Zayed district of Abu Dhabi and the concrete construction method. • Complete planning and design of new Saadiyat Island development. In The design chosen for the the new bridge and adjoining 2 addition to its role as transportation substructure main span of the bridge km roadway in the Mina Zayed conduit, this $125,000,000 is an asymmetrical “V” Pier. The area Bridge project links the two urban boldness of the form combined • Support services during the fabrics and will set the stage for the with elegant sweeping curves bidding phase visitors coming to Saadiyat Island. creates a composition of strength The 1.5 km long bridge will have that is appropriate for the bridge. • Construction supervision during a main span of 200 m and is being Rustification on the faces of the piers the construction phase of the designed by Parsons to accommodate and the superstructure reinforce project 1 15 a 5x5 lane configuration plus a the visual profile of the bridge and The design is complete and the passenger rail corridor. The main spans reduce the overall visual mass of the project is out for tender.

Pennsylvania Turnpike Commission’s proposed Allegheny River Bridge The Allegheny River Bridge Replacement Project will be advertised for bid by the Pennsylvania Turnpike Commission on January 31, 2007. FIGG has completed the design and it consists of twin 2,350' cast- in-place segmental bridge structures with 532' main spans (Fig. 27). Figure 27 - Rendering of the The project site is adjacent to the Pennsylvania well-known Oakmont Country Turnpike Club, which will host the U.S. Open Commission’s Golf Championship in June, 2007. proposed Allegheny Additional information, a Contractor River Bridge Information Guide and select drawings (1-76), near Oakmont, PA. are available at www.paturnpike.com/ (Rendering courtesy Contractor/new_contracts.aspx. of FIGG). 1

Figure 28 - AMERICAN Duwamish River Crossing – 350' Main SEGMENTAL Span (photo courtesy of International BRIDGE Bridge Technologies, Inc.). INSTITUTE

9201 N. 25th Avenue Suite 150B Phoenix, AZ 85021-2721

Seattle Sound Transit Light was achieved with the midspan closure Phone : 602. 997-9964 Rail - Progress Report of the Duwamish River Crossing (Fig. The Seattle Sound Transit Light Rail 28), which at 350', has the longest span : Project, Tukwila Segment, consists of on the project. Activity has also begun Fax 602. 997-9965 5.2 miles of twin track light rail line, at the longspan crossing over Interstate including of 4.6 miles of elevated 5, which will achieve a main span of e-mail: [email protected] precast segmental guideway. The 268' when complete. contract was successfully bid upon As of the end of 2006, approximately by PCL Civil Constructors, Inc. in 50% of guideway erection has been Web: www.asbi-assoc.org February 2005. Since that time, and completed, and 75% of the segments additional extension has been added to cast. Construction of the project is 16 1 the contract, bringing the total amount anticipated to conclude by the first to approximately $270 million. The quarter of 2008. first large scale precast segmental The construction for the project has project for the state of Washington, the been very high profile in the Seattle majority of the elevated line consists area, and has given local citizens a of simple spans with a typical length tangible indication that this long of 120' and will be erected using span- desired light rail project is progressing by-span construction with an overhead rapidly. The use of precast segmental gantry. The 7' deep box-girder utilized construction is a significant reason for a new cross-sectional shape with a this impression. minimized bottom slab and tendons that are both external and internal to Participants: the section. Owner: Sound Transit The extension to the project, Lead Design Consultant: Hatch Mott executed in September 2006, will MacDonald include an additional 2447' of precast Sub-Consultant to HMM, Lead segmental superstructure. Typical spans Segmental Design: International are also 120' and simply supported. Bridge Technologies, Inc. There are an additional two longspan, Construction Management: Parsons balanced cantilever structures. The Brinkerhoff longest is 679' between expansion Contractor: PCL Civil Constructors joints, with a main span of 259'. Contractor Engineer: T.Y. Lin Int’l. Another milestone for the project Truss Supplier: Rizzani/DEAL EDITOR: Clifford L. Freyermuth