1939-1945 World War Two helps 1993 Murder of Stephen Lawrence 2018 sound colonialism’s death knell Stephen Lawrence’s murder transforms the struggle The children of people that had come after the Many black people join the for racial equality leading to The Macpherson report Second World War to rebuild Britain are denied war effort but still find the describing the police as being ‘institutionally racist’. NHS treatment and systematically deported until a racial from campaign forces a U turn. the First World War intact. 1994 Freed 12,000 plus black people 2019 Changing the curriculum served in the Royal air force Nelson Mandela is released from alone, finding themselves prison heralding the end of - The Black curriculum is founded to address the lack being treated like third - in South Africa. of Black British history in the UK curriculum. class citizens. 2008 First Black president elected in US 2020 Covid 19 and Ethnicity 1955 The Bandung conference & the Public Health produces a report pointing This timeline is the first of a series produced by UCU in thereby helping to shift from Black History Month Barack Obama wins the American election and start of the civil rights movement goes on to win again in 2012. out that ‘historic ’ might be a factor in the close collaboration with the Black Members’ Standing to Black History 365. The is launched, disproportionate death of ethnic minority people. Committee. It is just one of the ways that UCU is taking the Black people have played a pivotal role in human making Martin Luther King and lead in highlighting and challenging racial inequality. history. A history that especially in the last four household names. At the Bandung conference in Murder of George Floyd: the UK Indonesia leaders from Africa, Asia and the Asian I can’t breathe Smaller portraits of important individuals in black centuries has been repressed and marginalised, subcontinent challenge racism. isn’t innocent history will be made available in the next 12 months, but now can no longer be ignored. 2010 Stopping of the BNP and EDL George Floyd, an African American, is filmed The BNP are defeated at the polls, and the EDL on being murdered by a white police office. Protests the streets, by the anti racist movement in places 1957-62 Colonialism ends in Africa immediately explode across 60 countries. Protests like Barking, Tower Hamlets, and Bradford. c100,000BC Human beings migrate …then Parliament 1848 Chartist movement and elsewhere in the UK demand that institutions in Britain start to from Africa The largest number of petitions, 519 in all, are presented The Chartist movement, a trade union movement, After a bitter struggle (the Mau Mau in Kenya) the Brit- confront institutional racism. to Parliament to abolish the slave trade, meaning that initiates a fight for widening suffrage. ish Empire is forced to grant independence in Ghana and 2011 Mark Duggan Wilberforce could exert more pressure in Parliament. Nigeria, and Gabon became independent from France. c10,000BC The killing of Mark Duggan by the police leads to Into the river of history Cheddar Man 1859 The growth of scientific racism riots across the UK. The statue of Edward 1791 The Haitian revolution: the only 1965 Black nationalist leader Colston, a major DNA samples from a man Scientific explanations are sought to justify white successful slave revolt in human history Malcolm X visits the UK weeks slaver, is thrown into who lived near Cheddar supremacy and empire. Galton, who founded the 2012 Trayvon Martin and the rise of the River Avon. The Gorge 10,000 years ago After 12 years in which the most powerful European science of biostatistics, argues that Africans are ge- before his assassination Black Lives Matter movement spreads show that the first inhab- armies – French, Spanish, British – invade and fail to netically less intelligent than all other ethnic groups across the itants of the British Isles reimpose slavery, the enslaved Africans under the pioneering eugenics. These ideas underpinned the The murder of teen Trayvon Martin by George 1966 The Bristol bus boycott and Belgium where were actually dark skinned. leadership of Toussaint L’ Overture and Jean Jacques Holocaust, and still have many adherents today. Zimmerman leads to mass protests across America. statues of Southern Dessalines sound the death knell of Atlantic slavery. Paul Stephenson leads the struggle to end a legacy of ra- It is here that Black Lives Matter slogan first appears. cial inequality and segregation left by the likes of Edward generals and the King c5,000BC Africans and the 1860 Civil War Colston (see 2020 entry). The boycott is successful. Leopold III are taken origins of human civilisation 1807 Abolition of the slave trade The American Civil War ends slavery in the USA. 2014 The Black Cultural Archive down as well. The slave trade is abolished in the . The It doesn’t however, end racial inequality. opens in Brixton, London Some of the earliest human civilisations in human 1968 Martin Luther King is British Empire dominates much of the globe based on Ready to decolonise yet? history seem to have had their origin in Africa or assassinated white supremacy, a legacy of the . amongst dark skinned peoples possibly from Africa. Ferguson uprising, USA In June only 24 out of 128 university education institutions agree to address their colonial legacies. From the early civilisations, from the Kingdom of Kush 1831 Sam Sharpe Suffocation continues 1977 Lewisham, London The shooting of Michael Brown by police officers to Ancient Egypt, Africa plays a pivotal role in human leads to mass and major unrest in Ferguson. Black history for many millennia (Check out the: c751BC rebellion An extreme right wing party, the National Front, is 1884-85 Africa dismembered: Lives Matters now enters international consciousness. Black Lives Matter: the new stopped from marching storm trooper style through Kingdom of Kush; 100AD Kingdom of Ghana; 145- A massive revolt of enslaved Africans the Berlin conference Lewisham. Civil Rights Movement 211AD An African Roman emperor Septimius Severus, involving 20,000 freedom fighters rules parts of British Isles; 1250-1450 Great Zimbabwe). seizes control of parts of the islands In 1876 10% of Africa was ruled from Eu- 2015 Still paying off the debts of slavery Black Lives Matter enters a new phase, arguably rope, by 1900 it was 90%. The continent becoming as significant a movement as the civil under the leadership of Sam Sharpe. 1978 Rock Against Racism The debt to pay off the money given to slave was divided between European pow- rights and abolition movements. owners in 1833 to accept abolition is finally paid off. ers with thousands of ethnicities being The Rock against Racism concert brings all Suffocation begins 1833 Abolition of slavery… lumped together in colonies. ethnicities together against racism. Slavery itself is finally abolished across the British Birth of a movement C1500 The biggest forced Empire, representing the victory of the combined 1892 The first ethnic minority MP 1979 Sisters united against racism The Rhodes Must Fall campaign migration in human history efforts of enslaved Africans themselves and the & Blair Peach starts in Cape Town university. It de- abolitionist movement. The slaveholders are paid Dahabhai Naoroji is elected to the UK Parliament. The Atlantic Slave trade is established between mands that all statues of Cecil Rhodes millions, the formerly enslaved Africans nothing. The Southall Black must be taken down on campus. Europe, Africa, and the Americas. An estimated 12 Sisters are formed, million enslaved Africans are kidnapped and then 1912 Marcus Garvey’s Decolonise the Curriculum spreads, 2026 Anniversary of Black winning respect with demanding that universities free worked to death. This creates incredible wealth in …but it leaves a legacy ideas deepen in London their uncompromising History Month Europe and for certain states in the Americas. themselves from all colonial legacies. It opens the door to the Jamaican Marcus Mosiah Garvey anti racist stance. Blair This will mark 100 years of Black History Month first helps publish The African Times Peach, a white teacher, established by Carter Woodhouse in the US. subjugation of Africa is murdered on a I can’t breathe 1588 Elizabeth I removes Africans and Orient Review; the first political The depopulation of Africa between 1750-1850 journal produced by and for Black demonstration against Eric Garner dies at the hands of the police in the US. Historical records seem to suggest that Elizabeth I leaves it open to imperialist exploitation in the 19th, the National Front. people ever published in Britain. © Southall Black Sisters Garner’s dying words, ‘I can’t breathe’ become a signs a decree to remove Africans from her kingdom. 20th and 21st century. slogan of resistance. The following year Sarah Reed References & acknowledgments Recent research has shown a more complicated dies at the hands of the London police. Our Island Story, H.E. British: A forgotten History, picture but arguably this is the first overt piece of 1914-1918 1981 Brixton uprisings Colourism World War 1 undermines Marshall; Black British David Olusoga; African legislation in this country that is based on skin colour. The year begins with a fire in a house party in New Colourism is where Black people with lighter colonialism History: New perspectives, Civilization Revisited, Basil Cross, London where 13 young black people died 2016 Take the knee complexions are treated better and afforded more The First World War undermines colonial rule. edited by Hakim Adi; Davidson; Insurgent Empire, in a suspected racist attack.. Later, the Brixton riots NFL player Colin Kaepernick takes a knee against opportunities than darker skinned Black people. This Four million non-white soldiers fought in the war Empire: How Britain Priyamvada Gopal; The 1739 Facing down explode across the UK. The Scarman report leads to racism during the American national anthem. system arose out of the Slave Trade in which the but found themselves discriminated against. An Made the Modern World, Ancient Kingdoms of Africa, the Empire the SUS laws that saw young black people being proximity to whiteness could increase chances of upsurge in anti colonial resistance explodes in Niall Ferguson; Black and Charles Rivers Editors; stopped being effectively scrapped. The Maroons, a group ‘slightly’ better treatment. places like India. 2017 Trump presidency Black British History, edited by Dabydeen, Gilmore, of escaped enslaved Black skin meant a person was property. Africans, form independent The Trump presidency brings racial division and Jones; How Europe Under this system, proximity to whiteness could 1987 Election landmark communities across the island 1919 Race riots and uprisings into the mainstream. Underdeveloped Africa, increase your chances for freedom. The first Black History month is marked in the UK as of . Following many Surplus labour after WW1, led to an outbreak of Walter Rodney; British four black MPs are elected in a historic election. This timeline is years of wars with the British, race riots against Black and other ethnic minorities A new course Capitalism & British Slavery, a peace treaty was signed 1833 Indentured Indians are brought in major seaports in London, Liverpool and Bristol. part of a series of Eric Williams; Decolonising with the Maroons under the 1991 Bill Morris becomes the first black Birmingham City University establishes the the University, Edited by to the Caribbean colonies from India first black studies degree in the UK Gurminder K. Bhambra, leadership of Cudjoe in 1739. person to lead a major trade union monthly black Queen Nanny of the Maroons Dalia Gebrial and Kerem

history posters Nisancioglu; Rhodes Every effort has been made to trace the copyright holders and obtain permission to use these images. Please get in touch with any enquiries or information relating to them. to relating or information with any enquiries get in touch use these images. Please to permission and obtain holders the copyright trace has been made to effort Every 1787 Abolition hits the streets… featuring eleven Must Fall: The Struggle to Decolonise the Racist Heart of inspiring individuals The abolition movement in the UK gains strength Empire, written by the Rhodes as the Society for the Abolition of slavery society is Must Fall Movement. formed. The industrial centres like London and Man- chester provide strong support, with every English AUTHOR / CREATIVE DIRECTOR: Gaverne Bennett county being represented by 1792 (substantial contri- DESIGNER / IMAGE RESEARCHER: Sarah Olive Edwards butions being made from Scotland and Wales too). ARTIST: Tincy Patel

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