ICS NEWSLETTER Volume 7, Number 6 November

Home , George William Hill, Joan Birman, Julia Robinson, Ronald Graham

ASSOCIATION FOR WOMEN IN ~ICS NEWSLETTER

Volume 7, Number 6 November-December 1977

DUES ! DUES ! DUES ! DUES ! DUES.: DUES ! DUES: DUES ! DUES ! DUES ! DUES !

The A~Mmembership year £s October 1 to October 1. If you have not yet Joined or have not yet renewed, please send your dues to &~M. Dues schedule and application blank are on the last page of the New~letter. Encourase your institution to Join.

N N N N N N N N N N N ~ N N N N N N N N N ~t N N N N N N It ~ N N N N N N N N N N ~ N ~

by Lenore elum

A~ha8 several events scheduled at the Joint Mathematics Meetings in Atlanta, Georgia. All will be held Saturday, January 7, 1978 in the Hyatt Regency. executive eo~ittee 12:00 meet for lunch at Ak3/ table open CouncLlmaetinS S:00 - 6:00 Grecian Room panel discussion: 7=30 - 8:30 Regency Ballroom Black gclenHathemati~ans

party 9:00 - ? ]~ssex tool

Dr. Patricia Kenshaft, g~ntclair State College, Upper Montclair, N.J., will moderate the panel d4scussion. The panelists are Dr. Geraldine Darden, Hampton Institute, Hampton, Va. ; Dr. Etta Falconer, Spellman College, Atlanta, Ga. ; Dr. J oella Gibson, Wayne State University, Detroit, Hich.; Dr. Eleanor C. Jones, Nor£olk State College, Norfolk, Va. ; Prof. Eleanor &oane, Northern VirsLn~a Community College, Alexandria, Vs.; and Dr. Dolores Spikes, Southern University, Baton Rouse, La.

As always, volunteers to staff the A~4 table will be welcome.

Judy Green will be 8£vlng a talk on women in math .in the early years of the AHS the morning of Thursday, Jan. 5 (check schedule for time and place). Joan Birmau 18 givins an invited AMS address *~rhe topo1oSyro£ the 3-sphere u, Thursday, Jan.5, 9-10 a.m. Jeanne Asnew 18 moderating an MAA panel discussions "A course in applied mathematics based on problmu from regional Lndustries", Saturday, Jan. 7, 9-10 a.m. Barbara Osofsky is giving an invited NAA address, '~he Serte problem concernins poly- nomials over a field", Sunday, Jan. 8, 10-11 a.n.

Congratulatlons to the newXy-eleeted AIM executive cosmittee members-at-large. They are Bettye Ann Case, Hartha K. Smith, and I/srJorle L. Stein.

CORRECTIOH Anna PeU-Wneeler, an AKS colloquium lecturer in the 1920's, became Annabelle Wheeler in Pat Kenschaft's art£cle last £ssue. Sorry. -2-

AMS ELECTIONS by Alice Schafer, past president

The following individuals were elected to AMS offices in the recent election. President: Peter Lax; Vice President: Julia Robinson, George W. Whitehead; Members- at Large of the Council: Joan Birman, Lahore Blum, James Donaldson, Murray Cetstenhaber, and Ronald L. Graham; Nominating Committee: R. Crelghton Buck, Wendell Fleming, Barbara Osofsky, and Calvin C. Moore.

Congratulations to them! We are pleased that so many of them are members of AWM: only Peter Lax and Ronald Graham are not. Particular congratulations to AWM's President: Lenore Blum!

AMS ELECTIONS : CANDIDATES' ANSWERS TO qUESTIONS

Ronald L. Graham 1.-2. It is my impression that in spite of increased efforts in some sectors for greater participation by women and minorities in the mathematics profession, sur- prisingly little change is apparent yet. I think it is important to find out if this is really the case, and, if so, why.

3. It is clear that there is some connection between the "needs of society" and the current employment situation in mathematics. However, there are so many inter- dependent factors here that it is naive to hope for a simple answer to the question.

4.-5. No commenE at present.

GRANT FOR ~ SPEAKERS' BUREAU by Alice Schafer

The Executive ComBittee is happy to announce that it has received a grant of $1000 from the Polaroid Foundation, Inc., for support of the Speakers' Bureau. Stephanie Troyer, of the University of Hartford, is in charge of the Bureau and has been updating the list of speakers, as many of you know. I have volunteered to work with her th~ the Wellesley off:ice. Our flr~t plan is to use a part of the grant to d~strlbute ~'s llst of speakers throughout the country. With the funds r~Ing we plan to pay travel expenses of as many of the speakers as possible, with partlculaz~emphasls on trying to send speakers to areas which nor- mally see few speakers.

Stephanie and I urge each of you to join the Speakers* Bureau and to send to her a list of your topics, and audiences for which appropriate. We have had several requests for speakers for high school groups. So if you have topics for these groups, please let Stephauie know. It would be helpful if you would also let her know how far~from home base you are willing to travel and if you would llke your travel expenses paid frem the grant. Her address: Stephanie Troyer, Department of Mathematics, University of Hartford, Hartford, CT 06117. REGI ~ MEETINGS By ALice Schafer

Judith Wasou, A~ts Treasurer, arranged a meeting of ARM at the time the AMS met at Wellesley College on October 22 for its fall meeting in the Northeast. Judy led a very successful discussion with members ab~t the contribution that A~N can make to wmmn in high schools and in industry. Several women from both Stoups were present at the meeting.

At the November 12 meeting of the Association of Teachers of Mathematics in New England, held in Portland. Maine. on November 12. Ak~ sponsored a panel on women and mathematics. The speakers were Mary A. Cullen (Nt, Wa~seet ~ity College, Gardner, NA), Lucy Rakov (North Newton ~gh School, Newton. NA), Stephanle Troyer (University of Hartford, Hartford, CT) with Alice Schafer (Wellesley College, Wellesley, MA) as moderator. The Wellesley office has received many requests for the Speakers' Bureau and several requests for speakers following the Portland meeting. -3-

o. o7 .I. mTm Ics Dm VrS By Judy Green, A~/co-vice president (Assistant professor, Rutgere University, Caladen, N.J. 08102)

The first report of the 1977AmerlcanMathezmtlcal Society survey of faculty salaries appearain the October 1977 Notices of the AMS. In this report the total ntmbers of faculty as well as of women faculty at various ranks and types of tnsti- • utions are 8ivan for the years 1976-1977 and 1977-1978. As in past years (see A~NewslettersApril 1975, January 1976 and November-Decmaber 1976) we uSe this ~formatton to compute the percentases of women in these categories. For women with Ph.D. 's things are looking better in the untenured ranks although much of this in- drease is com~n8 from bJvln8 instructors with Ph.D. 's ",,~.o are presumably not on tenure track lines. TO see this we also include below the data on non-tenured doctorate hold~ngaselatant professors and instructors. In connect.ionwith these f~res we note that in the last five years lO.7X of the U,S; doctorates were,earned by women while for the last two years the figure is 12.OZ.

The subdivisions of the doctorate 8rantins institutions are: I the 27 most prestigious mathematics departments in the US II the 38 next most prestiSionsmatheamtics depar~nents in the US III the rest of the mathematics departments in the US IV statlatics, blostatlatlcs and bi~trlc departments in the US V departments of mathematlcal sciences in the US not Included above.

Percentage of women Percentage o£ women on faculty on faculty 1976-77 1977-,.78 1976-77 1977-78

Doctorate granting I without doctorate 50.0 66.7 0 0 wlthdoctorate 4.2 3.9 3.2 3.2 total 4.4 4.2 3.2 3.2 II without doctorate 37.0 36.0 25.0 18.2 vlth doctorate 3.5 4.3 3.4 3.7 total 4.3 4.9 3.7 3.9 III without doctorate 26.9 28.2 26.1 26.3 with doctorate 5.4 5.3 3.8 3,7 total 7.6 7.6 5.9 5.8 combined I, II, III without doctorate 28.6 29.6 26.0 25.7 with doctorate 4.5 4.7 3.6 3.6 total 5.9 6.0 4.7 4.7 IV without doctorate 26.1 16.7 25.0 22. 2 with do~torate 7.5 8.0 5.4 4:6 total 8.4 8.4 5.9 5.1 V without doctorate 12.9 16.7 0 0 with doctorate 3.4 4.7 2.6 3.5 total 3.9 5.2 2.5 3.4

VZ without doctorate 20.0 17.2 22.2 22.2 vlth doctorate 2.0 2.3 1.0 0.9 Coral 3.8 3.8 3.0 2.9 4- Masters grantin@ without doctorate 25.9 25.1 20.5 19.4 with doctorate 8.1 8.5 7.5 7.6 total 13.0 12.9 11.1 10.7 Bachelor grentin8 without doctorate 19.7 20.2 14.2 13.3 ~th d~torate : Ii.0 11.0 10.0 9.1 total .~ 14.1 14.3 11,6 10.6 Four-year colleges and universities Z without doctorate 23.2 23.1 18.5 17.7 with doctorate 6.3 6.6 5.2 5.2 total 9.3 9.6 7.5 7.2

mNmi~m ~i

Non-tenured doctorate holding Instructors and assistant professors 1976-77 1977-78 total number percentage total number percentage number of .women of women._ number of women of women

Doctorate granting I instructors 47 2 -.. 4.3 44 3 6.8 asst. profs. 150 13 8.7 145 10 6.9 total ~ LS 7.6 189 13 6.9 II instructors 46 3 6.5 62 7 11.3 asst. profs. 243 8 3.3 255 12 4.7 total.: 28---9 1~ 3.8 31--~ 19 6.0 Ill Instructors 22 3 13.6 23 5 21.7 asst. profs. 322 35 10.9 310 33 10.6 total 34--4 38 11.0 33--3 38 11.4 combined I, II, ZII ~tst~tors 115 8 7,0 129 11.6 ~st. profs. 715 56 7.8 710 55 7.7 total 8~ 6"~ 7,? • 8.-3 IV instructors.. 3 1 33.3 1 1 100. " asst. profs. 127 15 11.8 19 14 ..2 total 13-'-O 16 12.3 135 20 14.8 V instructors 3 0 0 2 0 0 asst. profs. 157 i0 6.4 149 12 8.1 total ~ 1-O 6.3 15"~" 7.9

VI instructors 2 0 0 2 1 50.0 asst. profs. 1O0 6 6.0 89 6 6.7 total ~ ~ 5.9 9-1" Y 7.7 Masters granting Instructors 20 7 35.0 15 4 26.7 aSst. profs. 43_.9.9 43 9.8 52 12.9 total 459 50 10.9 419 56 13.4 ~or 8ramttug t~Jt ~sctors ~ 8 18.2 32 4 12.5 asst. profs. ~ 5! 13.1 3~ 15.3 total 434 59 13.6 425 64 15.1 Four-year e~lleges and um£vers£t£u Instructors 187 24 12.8 181 25 13.8 asst. profs 1928 181 9.4 187____99 204 10.9 total ~ 20'----5' 9 • 7 2060 229 11,1 -5-

DO IT YOURSELF by Judy Roitman (Fall-Institute for Advance4Study, Princeton, N.J. ; Spr/~-assistant professor, Deparment of Mathematics, University of Kansas, ~ce, KA) This is a report on a meeting of women research sclentlsts held in Washington, D.C. this October, sponsored by AAAS and NSF, organized by the OOS.. Inltl~I8 will keep cropping up in this report, 8o here are their m~anings: AAAS = Auerican Association for the Advancenent of Science; OOS - Office of Opportunities in Science (part of the AAAS); NSF = National Science Foundation; NIH - National Institute of Health; HAS = National Academy of Sciences; AWlS = Association for Women in Science; FOPW = Federation of Orsanizattons for Professional Women; WEAL = Women's Equity Action League; A]~4 = us. Who participated and how. 60 women scientists attended the conference. 20 were chosen from nominations by heads of women*8 science groups ; 20 from a random sample of Kradustes from tan unlversitias.; 20 from reconmendations by depaz~ment • heads at other chosen universities. Other women who did not take part in the conference, and a control group of men, completed the same pre-conference mate~ as the conference participants. All had received the PhD within the last six years. Before the conference we filled out detailed questionnaires, and each wrote an essay. From these a list of concerns was devised, and about 2/3 of the conference was spent listening to people talk at us. On the last day recomnendations for policy were made. "Scientists" included social scientists. Of the sixty participants, four were mathe- ~ticlans and at least one a statistician. The main reas~ we were there. We were data. Hence the great concern with how we were chosen, ref~lected in the dull paragraph above.

Two years ago a similar canference on ninoz~ty women in science was held under OOS auspices. The report from that conference indicates that we can expect an excellent, sensitive report coning out of this one. The concern, sympathy, end intelligence of the OOS staff is str~c!nK. In addition, the written material should lead to several good reports from the OOS staff and others. Perhavs the essays will be published. All of this material will start coming out in January, and will he available from AAAS.

A not entirely parenthetical cmment: frmn the head (Janet Welsh Brown) on down, all the OOS staff working with us but one were women.

Other reasons for the conference. We were there to hake suB, cations co the government. It was hop~ that an old-~trla network would develop, Just like the old-boys network. It was hoped that we seuld be encouraged to get involved in the politics of the scientific eoamun£ty, maybe even in Sovernment policy, And we would learn l~ttle tricks of grantsmansb£p., etc. to further our own.careers. "r

Back to the main p0~nt~, A fee thin~ stood out so strongly that they deserve lention. The first is the enormouB ohatacles ~y of us overcame, The w~usn who left SLns~pore with a dollar in her pocket, a Ccmonuealth scholarship in her hand, and a father she wouldntt speak to her for tan years is hut one of nany who fousht stereotypes of sex or class, active intellectual repression frou teachers or family, as sell as the nora subtle pressures we are all fmttl~ with, The second point is the prevalence of ~ harrassment. )frith to uy surprise (Z thousht I va8 the only oriel) almost all of the"w~en in ~ discussion group had exp~enced it, and many were currently fendlng it off-. This W the one topic that fee could talk coolly, about. The third point was that in this group of talented and persevering women, few had ex- pectations of Job security, and substantial numbers were seriously considering other careers (in my d~eussion group, nearlY half).

Peripheral matters. Themo~t useful part of the conference for me was the contact with AWIS and ~PW, AWlS has a reputation, which they are trying to overcome, as an organization og blolo~sts. This is an accident of the way in which they started. What AWlS has the resources tO de, and is in fa~-t doing, i8~ act in legal suits and monitor science legislation. Anne BE~coe, the past president of AWIS, wants to hear from ~ woman scientist who has. a eomplalnt abou~ her lack of promo~, lack of tenure, or lack of re-appolntment. AWlS has lawyers; AWlS can give 8~ advlee. Annets address-~: Harlem Hospital Center~ Columbia Unlve~slty~ New York, ~N.Y. 10037. AWlS is also the only ~*s ~organization equipped tO monito~ science legielat.ton and to try-changing it. ~y need our money to do this and the best way .to Kive them our money-' is to Join. Their address is 1346 Connecticut Avenue N.W., Suite 1122, Washlngton, D, C. 2003.6. -

FOPW iS an umb~ella organization, Of which we are a member. To my wind, the most ~ortan~ member, of FOPW ~s WEAL, which in-general moni~er~ !egislation and government action in re~tion ~o I,,,: _~:~s our money ~ membe~sh~ too. Its address:

733 ~.~th Street N.~,.,.Wash~ton~..D,C.,, 20005. 1 "

In addition, :Mary Clutter, a biolos~t with the .~F, has asked that any having trouble with.NSF ~rant p~opo~s call her st 202-632-4314. :.

Which brings me to the main conclusion I drew from this conference:

If women are goinE to help women we're going_ to have to do it pretty much on our own, Thtn~s get muffled ~- .things get swallowed, thlnss get .!oat when yO~ work through SovernmeW~.,. Gove~t a@enc7 .heads don't know thelr' mm po~lei. They move th~.o~sh s a=~ety ~/ke ~ ~¢s throush the bessars o~ Marrakeah -h~ eM ~hey

- - ~-dedlcatlon-of. ~e~O~,~~m~ Oerhaps- becaUSe I-did~aye-scnm-expeetations before the conference. I am more cynical than ever. Clearly government has _t ° be watched, I am not so certain that it is worth working with. Keeptu.8 cool, : About l/3 of o~ tiue was ~t listeniu~ to people talk. at us. At least half of those speakers were ove~ly sexist (although all would have .denied it). The worst one I heard (be~g a cynle I d~dn't hear them a11) was Margaret Mead (who of course, den~d.her.sex/sm). It was an indignity to have to listen to that, a~uf£.. ~at was W~e-w~ t~t we had to l/sten pol/t~ly, Th~s is the dts~Ipline of polit~,-~ $ quMt£on 1~ ~£11ty for sll.. For one t~g, a lot of the sex-

q~tt~-~mma .t~o~ _be o~r-~Md~ed ~or,~iAS membership a&-:~he re.qu-eat ~ less qu~~ i be.ad~4l~d. Be can't ~ ~ we don'~ epuk up. Furthernore,

take~..s~r/~Nl~o -~k~.a~y-pare~t, -But it. was ~er N eiea~--tha~ we were expected to ks~ ¢ht Lt&~ ~d.~s.,_~, ~ ~ discun/ou S~-a~ weal

; ., • .- . • . - -, .

~le~e~nK,-, I~tie~" sad. the physical s~ien~es, ,_~kmy: .e~.:~he~lm~letp~ts.- ~ere .~1~ qu~e ~~,. ~... the sta~e~ea~ ~,~alu..t~ei~'~' t, ~-~-~ou

a~e.mr~e a~ t~3rY ,~.~ ~m~ate data and ~ stat~,t~d~ ~--; ~Ix~rly we can't assume that ~'~ set them. In this matter, the O0S _staff are to be- greatly coe~ended for their caution and care. -7-

Conference reco~epdattons, Here the real-problem of the conference became apparent. Women who had been successful in science were be~n~ asked to set policy which would ensure that more women could be successful. The problem is that by the fact that we have remained in science, we cannot speak of the.problems" . faced by those who left. Thus most of the women, hay/rig, done yell in a predcmAoantly ma~e at~uos- phere, .were unsympathetic about the need for 8insle-sex pro~ran8; others spoke ouC about the problems faced by role ae!entists, c~g that these p~le~s were really no-d~fferent than what they had face~, and wanted to chanse most recmanendations so that '~omen" would be dropped. SinKle-sex proKrsms vere not supported~, end In the . final press conference one speaker was very careful co point out that men had a herd tiae too and we didn't really want ~e~tal p:o~, Just equal treat~nt.

The conference nadir cane for me vhen a woman in my small discussion group sug- gested that a h~h school girl t~L~y interested in science should simply avoid the influences push~u~ her avay from it. It thus becomes recomlnded behavior for the adolescent ~rl scientist to avoid much of her family, nearly all of her peers, and such recreational activities as television mad ~es. If we are golnK to be. 8o unsympathetic, we deserve the professional isolaclon in wh~-h so many of us operate.

On this point, Judith LonKyear has the excellent suggestion that the OOS sponsor a conference of women srlth scientific aptitude who are not in science. Than it can have a better idea of hay to b~-lng them in.

Two th/nss that nobody l~eked aympa~.ab~ were problem with tenure and the need for more grant money. So we enthusiastically passed recom~ndations saying, in effect, that we should all get tanute and more ~ant money. Good luck. - In the Ions list of recomaendetions running to several pqe8, quite a fev are good, end one or tvo even creatiws. The z~ee~endations will appear in the flnal conference report. I remain skeptical about: their impleaentatinn.

SomethinR ve had better act_on quickly. A recent tax ruling is Chat a Rrad- uate student whose NIH fellowship includes a tuition grant ts to be taxed on the entire grant. Thus a graduate student taking home $4,000 from the NIH with a $5,000 tultion srant is taxed on $9000 and sets to live on sixth. Protests should be sent to Senator Edward Fa~dy.~ The ruling is based.on a patent agreement pe- culiar to IIH, 8o holders of NSl~Srant8 shouldn't panlc

Perapect£ve..on the .nar~ematlcal eouaun£t 7. By being with chemists, physicists, and blologlats, X Xeszned .~hat the mathematical cmmu~Lty Is eremandoualy nsive- polic£caXXy. One chsulet in her flrse year out of grad school found herself hand- l/rig a-$125,000 grant and head/ms ..up a :lab. -N oat of the lab scloncis~s did not find it air, riSe to 80 .down t~. NSF and personally f~aht for Chair grant nantes. Nathe- naticlana Just don't have thee k4nd of ~erlenee in our york, a~! we Should be a- ware. of how chat handlea~s, us ours/de our own e~,

risally,~ I rsaU~ Sot to ~ppree~. ta t~e ~J/, Our nmbere are SettinS s :~t_rmoud- ou. mount don.. And m for _wdiseppainUnnt at .mrl oOS nee tins Va8 aomptrXn8 £t to-mose Al Of mt~n~8~ We are both note ~tic Co each ocher and .note open about our d/ffer~ee8. ~ £8 semchins chat BF/~.S-OOS =isht try co eneourase in ~re nee~inSs,

* : see article ~hich foXlmm LF_,GISLATION RELkTED TO ~qR4EH IN SCIENCE

Senator Edward Kennedy's response to Judy Rottman reads in part : "Thank you for your letter regarding taxation of the tuition grants from the HIH .... on October 27 the Congress cleared leS£81ation to extend through 1978 the tax-exempt status for money received by participants in the Armed Forces HealthProfesstonals Scholarships Program, the l~blic Health Service/National Health Service Corps scholarship prosram and similar prosrams, n

On October 20, Kennedy announced that on thefirst day of the new session of - Congress in January, he will introduce a legislative packet ~ to implement as many as possible of the recommendations co~n8 out of the meeting on which Roitmm reported. He said: "For fifty years cultural, educational and institutional barriers have blocked all but a very few women from fulI participation in the nation's scientific and technical progess .... I don°t •believe that women should have to wait anether ~ fifty years for a fair chance to compete equally for careers in the exciting and highly respected fields of. s~ience and eng/neering.

"The virtual exclusion of women f~ cezeers in science and ensineertn s :is con- trary to our ua~ co~t~ent to equal • euployment oppor~unl~y and weakens our nation's scientific research effort, which needs all the talent the nation can master. To b~K about the needed chanaes, we will need the full cooperation of the scientific cosmmity, our academic institutions, public and private e~ployers, and the federal sorest." sY~0.s~u~ ot~ ~ n~ scn~._~xc ,,~zs~,

On February 13, 1978, a ~neW~iom entieIed '~articipation of Women and Hen in Scientific ~eSearch" will be held as part of the A~AS ~ meeting (Feb. 12-17, 1978, Washlnsten, D.C.).

. _ ._. _

by Karen ~rt, AIM Council (Dept. of Hath. Essex County College, ~ Newark, N.J. 07102

£8 a national organizattan concerned with the needs and problam of the two year--collese amthematlea teacher. Hembership is $12.00 and includes a subscription to the ~ Journal.. Jkabereh~ t~fozmtion amy be obtained from:

' Saemmaeo. ~fozaxa 9~

AHA~C held its t~ir d mX peetin£ £n &~tao~a, O~tob0r, 1,977, Included in the

Ke~en ~, ~ foarth Smut ~ ~ he ~e~ xa ~¢~ in ~, 1978. dmymm int~ ~a pmen2£~ a~ qq~opriate toX&e two y~r m!!e~ ~r shma!d ecmt~et: -- &l~ee ~;~ ~tion Chairperson Alv/a ~ty Collese AlVtn. Texas 77511 -9- j~c/~ ~ec-. 77

ANGUS SCOTT 1858-1931 by Pat ~enschaft ~rofessor of mathematics, Nontclsir State College, ~_ Upper Montclair, N.J~ 07043)

In 1885 it vas an act of. dar£n~ f?r any mathematiC, especially a woman, to - lea~we._: the universities of Europe for the United States, Then. prhnarily ¢oncerne~ w~:-~io~ust~ ~t~rLt~ such as-t~LnS the "Wild West", Americana had little .. ' interest in intellectual pursuits and practically none in creative mathenmtics,~~ Yet Charlotte Scott, possibly spur~ed by the lack of Job opportunities in Europe, left her ~ive ~sland at the age of 27: to-become the first mathematics professo/r of a nev coliese called Bryn Ma~. .- .,

For Bryn Nawr's first forty years, Charlotte Scott was the chairman of its "mathe~atical department". "~She helped it become a noted center of learning, no~ only as an organizer and as a teacher (many of her students became noted mat_hem~ ticians), but also as a textbook autho r and as a researcher in analytical ~~ ":- : [Note: A partial list of her publications will appear at the end of the second./~ptatl, ment o£ th~s article..] Soon after her arrival she became active in the fledgling.New York Mathematical Society in an effort to find intellec~ual companion~hlp.. In Z89Z, she became one of the founding members of .the American Mathemt~.~l Society, In :l~, she became ~ts.~,:fir~t female_ yice~presiden~, almost 70 yea~s beforeMary .G~ay the. second, She kept.up her European contacts by~ frequent ~-r~pe abroad, • " :Char~te Scott cram from aline of innovators:. Both her fht~ (the Re@.... ': ' Caleb Scott) and her father's father (the Rev. Walter Scott) were ConKregatiouaX. " mlnlsCers, called "non-comformist" because they did not belong to the estabi£8hed C~urch of, EnK~. ]~lucation-for:wom was on active concern-of the British C:on~.e- 8at~naX Church in the later lgth century. ~hen Caleb Sco~8 gifted dausht~ .dis- plated 8 desire to study math~ematics serlous~, he did his best to provide her.'~lth competent home tutors since there were few secondary schools open to wo~en, in 1876, Charlotte won a: scholarship to Citron College; the first women's college in !~!'/~I and then • only s~ven years old. MOSt of her ~"classmates-had had similar spotty tutoring and lonely indi~idual study at home prior to their college admission.

Scott first received Widespread public attention in: 1880 when she obtained', :~pecial permimslon to .take the Tripos hams,, the final undergraduate exams at Cambridge" University. She tied.fo~/@th place in mathematics and thus, had she be~:a ~, would have received the title of "Eighth Wrangler'. As it was, .she was not allxn~ed to be present, or even offic~~t~on~,:Yat the Comeacewent e~ermmny.. The young men were so incensed at this t6j~t~ce that when the nmm/. of the official E18hth . k'ransler was ealled, the hall rans-w~th ob~ut~ of "Scot~ Of Gi~! Scott of Girton:".

.@arXier Caabt~Ldse .sO~ had ~ hO~_ find. by a mm~ that two .~ argents had

. been riding mdm~~ in ado~art ~th a ¢lersym.~ ~~y ~etr chaperone, dressed l~.moazaing with a stiff black hats had been m~ for- a clergyman. Never- t~. less:, t.he runor did much damage to the: status of Gtrto~ CoUege vonen,

I., .fl

i[ -lO-

Thus the Gtrton coammtt~ did its best to honor Scott. An eyewitness report reads, "At dlnner we cl~pped and cheered her ,.. The~ we told her that there would be ColleKe SouKs £n Ha3_1 at 9. She ~as led+ ~n by M~e Welch up an avanue of students to the top of the Hall, wh~e 'See the couquer +~atg hero comes t was p~ on the piano and sunK by us all. At the top KIss Herschel gas st~ on a sort of ~s, and when we hsd f/nlshed sin81nK she recltedan ode to Hiss Scott, c~sed by Miss Welsh for the oCCaSlon, and then crowned her ~1~h .laurels, ~hlle we clapped and applauded wlth all our ncLght,"

The general public responded too. The February 7, 1880 ~ssue of Punch announced her achievement and pleaded: But when the ~Academy doors are reopened to the Ladies let them be opened to their full w/dth. Let uS not .~r of any petty -- restr£ct£ons or ezciustons from. this or that function or pr£vtlese ..... A petiti~m:mm c£~culated throughout ~ ssk/ns that. gomen be admitted, to the Cambridge exmEi,m~t:lLom8 0 a-rtSlt, not 8 ~£81 pz~.~, and that ~y be per~Lt~ to receive Cambr£dse ~ des~ comspondtnK to ~r performance on the exam. Over+ 8000 s~natures ~ere collected J~ t~ee months, ' -..

: +- = • - - As a results: the fo~ ymsr women were K~sn~ed the rtsht to be admitted to the Cambridse ~rS-m end to +have 'their m ~d along with ~hose of their male eo~pet£~ors. Thue .+they would ~ha~e pub!ic-recoen/tlom o~ thelr. £ntel!ect~ achlevenents,

N0ue~h~s, Cs~brtdse U~'versi~yd!d not Srant.desrees to vase~ tm~:i! ~1948, ..~

?. ~+ ~ern~ er~Ltnatlons . In ~ +f~d~u: S~+ ~£vod her+baehe~rs-~ee ~n. ~ end her do~tor~ .~ ~885 frm. ~,~ ~~ .of ~ ~_o~ ~ e~ ~to~

. J~.C.~urer:,..zn .~athemat!.c~.,. ~chln8 ~r~adua_te8 .as .she+ pursued her :,~zeduat+ st udle8,

• lr~ 1885, thl i~L~rat .faeul~L7 9 f Bryn Ksgr was not m~ch ~ser, " It ~ seven members, inc~ another recent do~.~ora! ~cipient - Woodrov .W£~ .But Bryn Mawr had a 8z~l- ua~e ~ch~l and was the £i~st wo~e~s', co~e8~, in. the U.S. to:Srant the .Ph.D. degree.,

r H • .+ . -' "_,

- • . . -" . ~ . .,"

- - - •

Thelna E. kadford, assistant professor of s~A~aa~Acs. North Caro~ Asr£cultural and -Technical St~e Un£versitqV, G~msbo~o, IC 27411, 10 ~a8o be4Jms~S ~ty Nrv/~ prosu~/n ~'~o a ~ free eke Z.LS. St~f+d by ~8 ~ el,ue of ~ d ~ tour r/rimes u (nov ab.o by-stedet~ ~~ and ~ ]F4~. ~ ), the proszum provides floe ~ f~m ~£~a Janua~. ~ ~1 to ehe. elde~..$y end to those persons who fLU/n ~ "low/n~ braek~-", ~ s~mm~. Tr~/nS is d~ threuSh ~ Vo~teer ~ Tax ~ist- ante ,~A)~ ~ '~ ~m, ks n~dfo~l po/nts out, ~u~ s/heist proses -11-

CORRESPONDENCE ON ~OMEN'S HISTORY by Tert Perl, AWM Council coordinator of wc~en's history project (525 Lincoln Avenue, Palo Alto, CA 94301)

Ruth E. Channell (8121 Waverly, Kansas City, KS 11235) has written a master's thesis entitled A Co~pendium: The Women-of. Mathematics. it contains an extensive reference list (399 itas). "

Paul J. Campbell and Louise S. Grt~stein (St. Olaf College, Northfield, Minn. $5057 and Kingsborough Co~munity College of CUNY, Brooklyn, NY 11235) have published (in a recent issue of I~ilosophia Nathematica) "Women in Mathematics: A PrelinrLnary Selected Bibliography~. They welcmne any additions to their list.

Some correspondents have material etitten on women mathematicians for which they seek publication sources. Nanda Hoppenwasser (127~ Northwood Lake, Northport, AL 3§~76) has written a very readable biog~aphy on E~y Notcher for "an adolescent or general audience" called ~E~y, the Life of a Mathematician." Karen P~appaport (Dept. of Math., Essex County College, 303 University Avenue, Newark, N~ 07102) has written "a biographical paper of about 15 pages plus footnotes, on Sonya Kova!esky. It is not mathematical and .~.aa looking for a place to publish it." Since one of the primary goals of the A~M project ia to disseminate more information about women who were sig- v:Lficant mathematician~:in the past, any i~eas or leads which night facilitate publication of such materials would be welcome. "-

By Elizabeth Fennema and Julia Sherman, Dept. of Curriculum and Instruction. The University of Wisconsln-Madlson excerpts from a paper presented to the AAAS; Boston, 1976, in a symposium entitled '~Jomen and Mathematics"

A study funded in 1974-75 by the NSF gives some new insight on the question of sex-related dlfferences in mathematical achievement between high-school males and females [1]. During" February and March of 1975, 589 females and 644 males- selected from mathematics classes in the four Madison, Wisconsln, p~llc hlgh schools were given several tests-, Including a standardized achievement test. These students were enrolled in cOllege-prep mathemStlcs classes appropriate for their grade, Differences between ~eand female groups in wathenattcs achievement were very s~al!. In two of the schools Significant sex-re~ated differences in math .achievement ware found; these differences in favor of males were about two test item at each grade level. Th~ differences were not: more prc~ed with Increasing grade level and more dlff£cult material. These findings suggest .that .the ~sting opinion that female~ have less capacity for mathe- "uties needs to be. modified. - . ::

However, there e~ to be fewer fuUles than Yes who elect to study ma~he- matlcs, k detailed study-6f participation in mathematics classes of ~he Madison, Wisconsin high schools was made concurrently with the study reported above [2]. The ~t~la shows the percen~ of ~les and resales enrolled in grade-typical mthem~ics courses. More nale~ ~th~n females were enrolled in General Mathematics - a terminal ~th course. By l lth grade a higher percentage of males were enrolled at each school, • ~d the difference was greater at the 12th grade. It in clear that many more males -12-

than female8 studied math in the 1~th and 12th 8fade, a~tho~ substantial numbers of females did study .math in the 11th grade. However, Madison is considered to be a liberal., intellectwml city. It is llkely that the d~erepancy by sex in enroll- merit in mathematics courses is even greater in other locales.

Percentage of Boys and Girls in "On-grade" Math Classes a

School

Grade F M F H Y M F M . 9b 06 ~1~ 25 3Z" 21 28 16 25 9e 81 82 71 69 76 74 88 77 lo sl 50

12 o 12 20 04 15 11 23 03 05

ape~centaKe obtained, bY d:l.vid~.~g number of each sex en~o~Led in an "ml-K~ade" ma~tie8 c1888 by enrollment of that sex in that ~ade. The two sets of dat& were not obt~Lned on the sane da~ so percent- ages _may be slishtly Inaccurate. bGenera£ NaVies et14~b~

Does this t~ continue tn ~r edu~t!onT Data ~Om the. Un~verbi~y of Wiscousin provide some insight.,. Zn the faU of 1975 .there were 8!8 hales .and 257 females enrolJ~d in the firs~ semester of the note advanced ~cu!u8 sequence - a ratio of about 3 ~ to ! female. Enrolled tn the third semester of ~ ..se- uene.e wore 431 malmm and 72 females- a rat£o' of 6 ms!as to 1 femaleo Approximately 53Z .of the males...who started this sequence studied nnth at least 3 selesters wh£1e only 28Z of the £emale8 cont/nued for 3 semesters. The number of f~mAles who started 8tud~ng university math was lower ttum the nunber of malx~ and the contJatuatiOn ~a~o w~ h~e.~ for halos.. In 1975 there were 45 female aad 130 msle u~ders~adua~ ~- mat~l,c8 majors. _1~nez# ,Were 15 femaLe aad 164 male snduste semien~s in mathenatt~ There wmre ~ ~-~ 59 ~ ~red fa~ulv7 nesbers in the Nathematics Daparumnt. data 8uSSemt that the gap~ in studTi~ mathematics evident tn 11th grade w/xlens iadef/ait~y.

U and !or m,i m.i more tmpo~, hauever, ~ in~oum~ ~~ uh~ ~ d~fferemtiaJ~ s~ of ma~ties ~d ~mmtinm dt~ez=n~ ~/a aw~amt/~s ~. It has been m~u~st.~ (~] chat ~vs ~~ ~ ~mem/~d_,, a. ~i~ eh~U~- btic on the I eh~. ~ ~ ~.eepts ~ hypoS, .~ follow8 t~t fever £e- ~I~ are inherently an capablj as ml~8 to ~ mth~ant~, ", ~tbousb ~ other ~---Ammt authorities [~] say that the ~dence /n. thi8 area £8 /n~@nclus/~e,..-tht ~rltance -13-

of quantitative ability as an explanation of females' less adequate mathematical performance appears only to be of theoretical interest for at least two reasons. First, the best predictors of success in mathesmtics are previous mathematical learning and general intelligence. As there are no significant sex-related differences in general intel!isence and until about adolescence no significant differences in mathematical achievement scores, the amber of females who have equal capabillty with males for lesrnln@ hlgh school mathematics is much larger than the number of females who elect to study mathuatlcs in late high school and college. Second, even considering the differences found in male-female average mathematical performmce, the performance dlstrlbutlons are not nearly so different as ere the dlstrfhution of the sexes in mathematlcs/sclence careers. Clearly, Influences other than those associated ~rlth heredity must be affecting females' mathematics learning and usage. "

Many cognitive and aocio-cultural factors have been hypothesized to be related to achievement of women in general and to mathematics learning and studying in par- tlcular. Two cognitive variables and eight socio-cultural variables were investigated. The cognitive variables were verbal ability and spatial vlsualizatlon ability. The affectlve variables were confidence in ability to learn mathematics; perception of mathematics as a male domain; perceived attitudes of mother, father, and teacher toward one as a learner of mathmmtics| attitude toward success in mathematics; effecLance ~otivation in mathematics; and perception of user--s of mathematics.

The pattern of si~ficant sex-related difference found in. the affective variables in the study is important. At the schools where significant differences in maeh achievement were found, significant differences on S or 6 of the effective factors were found. Certainly this pattern of sex-related learning differences in attitudes in conjunction with sex-related differences in mathe~atics suggest that a matrix of social/cultural factors influences strongly females' learning of mathematics.

In the 1975 NSF study, information was also gathered about the characteristics of students electing to continue the study of mathematics. Students in the lOth and llth grades were asked to indicate whether or not they intended to study mathematics the next year. Since they responded about the same time they were officially selectlng classes for the followlng year, the data were fairly tellable. As w:[ght be expected, those who intended to continue their study of mathematics scored significantly higher on math achieve~nt. In general, more boys than girls intended to continue. However, this was particularl~ true of boys in the lower hal£ of their class on math achievmaent. All other variables appeared to differentiate about equally between boys and girls who did and did not intend to continue their study of mathematics. Covarying out the effects of cognitive factors generally confirmed these results as did a ccaparlaon of students enrolled in mathematics.

It appears that while the variables associated with contlnul~tg to study mathematlcs were much the same for both sexes, the fact that males had more positive attitudes toward mathematics in some fairly specific ways helps to explain why the percent of males who continue to study mathematlcs is higher than any difference in achlevement would predict. -14-

Conclus!on,,s. (i) Sex-releted differences in mthematlcs achievement are not universal or even nation-~de pheno~na, When previous mthematies study was controlled, males significantly out-performed females in only two schools out of four. (2) Many fewer females than ~ales study math 4~ llth and 12th grades. Sex-related differences in the atudyleg of mathematics are prevalent w~th the gap between the n~mber of ~ and females who do study math formally, increasing throughout schooling. (3) The relationship between cognitive factors and differentialy learning of ~athe- ~atics by the sexes ~s unclear, and more research is clearly needed. Although the study reported here gnve little indication that either verbal or spatial v~sualization ability affected boys' and girls* learning of math differently, more data £8 needed on the interaction e~feets of these abilities, on different types of mathem~ti~8 problems, as well as on mathenaties learning of different ages,,. (4) Differential mthematic8 8tudy~ ~d mthematics achievement by the sexes, when it oe~e~s, is at ~t partially cmu~d by secio/cultural factors mediated throush ~.w-~ole e~cta~on~, Lend~ 8uppo~ to the idea that perceived sex- role is a crit~eaI detex~tner in differential mathematics lear~n8 by the se~es the Luereaning gnp in ar.h£evemmt .and studying which occurs dur~ the adolescent, years concurrently with the increasing priority given by both males and females for development of a personally workable sex role. ~han sex differences in ~athe~tic8 achievement were found, many sex-related d~fferences in attitudea toward ~th were also found.

Referenee8

1. Fennel, E., & Shex~an, J. Sex-re,ted ~fe~cee ~ Mt~tics achievement, 8p~t-~ ~ualization and effective factors. Ame~ ,Kduc,at,,ion~ Research Jaumal, 1977, 1_44(1), 51-72. 2. Sherman, J., & Fennema, E. The study of matheuatics by hi~ school girls and boys: Related variables. Ame~Lcan Educational Research Journal., 1977, 14(2), 159.168. 3. Stafford, R,E. Hereditary and evironmental components of quantitative reasoning. 1972. ~ o.f l~l~ional Re~ch, 4.2:2, 183-201. 4. Pmceoby, !,K. and C, N, Jacklin, 1974. The PsFcho~ of Sex Differences. S~fo~l, CaLtL~o~L~, Stanford University ¥~8. 5. ¥~, K. Mathmmttmt ~ and the stores: A review. Jou~ for ksearch~ MaStics ~Ct~, 1974, 5, 126-139. 6. F~, K. Znflueuees of selec~ cos~Lt~ve, ~ffsctive and educatioual variables on sex-re~ d~fferee~ ~ ntthenst!es ~ md st~. Position p~er mmilable from- lfs. Judy Shoemdmr ~ttmml Zneti~e of gd~tion 1200 19th Street, N.W. Washington, D.C. 2020.8 -15-

OF POSSIBLE INTEREST

The Project of Equal Education Rtshts (P~.) has put together a comprehensive monitoring kit destsned to help citizens check on prosress made by local elementary and secondary schools to achleve educational equity for girls. Write: PEER, 1029 Vermont Avenue, N.W., Suite 800, Washington, D.C. 20005.

The Institute for Independent Study at Radcliffe College announces its Program for Research Aseociateships on Women in Jmerican Society for 1978-80. Radcliffe is especially interested in fosterins research on women and the pro£eestons with respect to both career patterns and the integration of personal and prefesstonal commitments. Applications due January 16, 1978. Forms are available from Research Assoctateship Program, Institute for Y-ndependent~ Study, Radc~Lffe College, 3 James St., Cambridge, HA 02138.

The Organization of American Ktstorians (OAH) Com~ttee on the Status of Women in the Historical Profession was formed in April, 1970 Co coubat discrimination agatust women histor~ms and to further research in women's history. Projects: sq~nmorinK programJ, social events and workshops at annual OAH meetings; lists of works in prosress in women's history; guide to women's history source materials; survey of Job candidates and of dep~ctments that were hiring.

Information on establishins a chapter of Pt Mu Epstlon, the national collestate math honorary society, e~n be obtained from the Secretary-Treasurer, Dr. Richard A. Cood, UniverstCy of Maryl~ad, Collese Park, MD 20742.

Career Opportunity Update, publ~hed bi-veekly by Career Research Systems, Inc. (PO Box 1878, Huntington Beach, CA 92647), lists Job openings in many areas. Most positions are in computer sciences and data processin S or in engineerins and related areas,

Write to :the Project on the Statue and Education of Women, Association of American Colleges, 1818 R Street, ~W, Washin~on, D.C. 20009 for information on federal resu- lattons re dtscr~uinstion and how to file discriud~atton cases, as well as newsletter called On Campus with Women.

The Seattle conference center of Battelle Kemorial I~8tttute can be made available to external orsanizat~m8 for scientific, technical, and educational activities. For spec•ic Information, write Conference Coordinator, Battelle Seminars and Studies Prosra, 4000 N.E: 41st St, PO Box C-5395, Seattle, WA 98105.

NONSEXIST LANCUAG~ The National Co,oil of Teachers of Knslish has available an excellent pamphlet, "Guideline8 for Nonsex~t Use of Idmsuase in HCTE Publications". Here is one of the recommendationm: NUsins the masculine pronoun8 to refer to an ~defintte pronoun (everybody, eve~_.ope, anybody, anyone)...has the effect of excluding w~en. In all hut strictly formal usage, plural pronouns have become acceptable substitutes for the masculine singular. RxeEple: Anyone who wants to go to the sane should br~ his money tomorrow. Alternative: Anyone who wants to go to the gme should bring their money tcmoxTow." You can get 1-15 copies of the p~phlet free from NCTE,1111 Kenyon Road, Urbane, IL 61801. -16-

LZ'Z'z,m s TO ,Z'aZ

Dear colleagues,

I am currently praparin~ a book on ~bsen in, Science and hth which I expect will be published w/thin a year. The book wlll be seared for h~h school and colle~e women. Please send a brief deser£ptt~n of any of the foLLowJ~g types of articles you would be wi]-~ing to submit for po88~bl~ inclusion in the book.

. A 3-5 page autob/ography - written in the first person, including some of: your fsm~y history, ~t£on~ background and expe~encee, what/who motivated you to pursue a career in ~, what kind of work you do, any special exper- iences you have had as a result of being a yemen setent~st, etc.

2. A 3-5 page b£osraphy of a woman selentlst.

. Sociological ~d pyschologic~l aspeats of m in 8aieaee - e.g., what causes most females to shy ~ from sc/x~ees, what eharact~tses wem~n ~ Be!eat sclene.e0,: how do ~ldren of ver£ous a~m~ forts sez-8~e, ~tt£tudes t~td science., what P~oK~as is be~n~ made ~n elementary sehool-se£enee and math tests toward equal trea~t of the sexes, what ~faetora sake a w~uan .a successful selentist and do these factors differ £ron those for ram. etc.

. The. eu~t~mt status of. wome~ in So/amos and-.Ksth: in ~ademla. sovernment, industry. -

Thank you.

$ineerely, Phyllis Clttnn, Kath,, ~,,,, tbmboldt S~ University, afeard, CA 95521

Dear Ms. LeKKett,

In the July Nmletter I reed with greet intent the transcripts o£ the panel discussion "Chooetn s our L:I,.ves" conducted at the St, Louts r~ ~t~ K " ~e se~t~ which Interested me most was Ks. R,~l~n*s transcript, especially the part where she reported on a £rioud in a Job-hv~tin8 situation strolls: to here, He had said to her: "I do everything l*m supposed to do and there £8 no guarantee of a living ... and even though I do evetytb/n8 that's asked of me, I say have no Job."

The probtem here, ~ f~ .human be/nee, is that we do not look to ourselves for the so$ution8 to, ou~ p~~' ...It ~ insane and ee~-defeatins to do "e~ thin8 aeke~' of you .~ eo~o~ £S the only aslt-r£ghteous ~sra~e do4_nS the ask£n8. What wouid .~md to a .more ~fut frame of mind £8 dotns .whatever. you ask ~ yourself. Then you can sat your ~ standirde, ~elinqui~ the dependence on soete~*s nodes. If yo~ f~, 3m,Q w'...1.1..f~td ~t e#~ ~ ~:eas~,~=ur ~ without the peu~

peace and ~ weZl-bedJ~. Z hope their ~tdenc~ in: t~e!ve8 ~r wanes and that they ev~L~mlly find the ~ ~ts~ion wh~ tbeF ~ _ Wt~h stubboz~eee llke this t~ ~ u~.ll be ~ the n ob~le~

Yours truly, Catherine Folio -17-

JOBS The vacancies listed below appear in alphabetical order in an alphabetical listing o£ states. EO/AA means Equal Opportunity, Affirmative Action Employer. There i8 a $5.00 charge per a~ unless you are a member of ARM when you receive two ads free per year.

Un.iverslty of Callfornia~ Davis, Dapt of ~kth., Openings: i) Prof of Statistics, salary and rank depend upon qualifications, and ~.t) Asst. Prof of Statistics. Beg, Fall !978. Requirements: competence in research, teaching, and statistical consultation. Applica- tions and four letters of recommendation to be sent to John Van Ryzin, Chair, Search Co~ttttee, Statistics, Dept of Math., University of California, Davis, CA 95616 by Feb.

15, 1978. EO/AA - Pomona ColleKe, Math Dept., Visiting positions, Fail 1978 (temporary for sabattical replacements). 1) a 2 or 1 yr appointment at the asst. prof level (PhD required). 2) A 1 yr appointment full or part time (PhD preferred). Dept. actively engaged in research, hence research ability i8 an J~portant consideration. Candidates must be able to teach a variety of under grad subjects, three courses each semester. Send vita to Elmer Tolsted, Chairman, Dapt of Math, Pomona College, Claremont, CA 91711. EO/AA San Jose State University, Dept of Hath, three openings. 1) computer science or etron~ euphaais in computer science, 2) math modeling and/or computer science, 3) 8ta~Lstics and applied math. These possible tenure-track positions require an ability and interest in teaching and demonstrated research. PhD required. Teaching load 12/hrs/sem. Current salary scale $14,256 - $17, 136. Deadline for applications March 1, 1978. Send vita to Prof John Mitchem, Chairman, Dept of Math, San Jose State University, Sen Jose, CA 95192. EO/~A University of Connecttcut~ Storrs, Dept of Math, Head of Dept., 35 full-time faculty members at main campus at Storrs, 13 full-time faculty members at branch campuses. C~aliftcations include strong administrative and leadership ability, established record of diattngvished research and a co, truant to excellent teaching. Position available Sept. 1, 1978. Send resume and name8 and addresses of three references to Frank D. Vasington, Search Conmittee Chairman, Box U-98, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06268. EO/AA Yale University, Dept of Statistics, Asst. or Asso. level position may be available effective Sept, 1978. This position is without tenure but it would have a 3 or 5 yr. contract. The most important qualification is high quality, Because the dept. is small we will favor cand£da~_es who pro~se to be successful in teaching undergrad, and grad students, and in~r~search. We are interested in both theoretical and practical aspects of statistics. Creative statistical computin8 is emphaslaed. Please contact I. Richard Savage, Chairman, Dept of Statistics, Yale University, Box 2179, Yale Station, mew Haven, CT 06520. EO/Aa Yale University, Dept of Math, three Gibbs Instructorships for PhDs with outstanding promise in research. Two-year appoin~nt starting 7-1-78, Teaching load light. Dead- tins for applications 2-1-78. Salary for 1977-78 is $14,$00; increase expected for 11978-79. Contact: Gibbs Committee, Dept of Math, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520. EO/~A Yale University, kpt of Math, One tenured appointment, Prof or Asso Prof, in analysis in 1978 or 1979. In addition to distinquishing themselves by achievements in research, candidates should be recognised as successful teachers of graduate and undergraduate students. Preference will be given to candidates whose research supports and supplements the interests of colleagues at Yale in several complex variables, differential geometry, and partial differential equations. Sutmlt vita, copies of publications, and ~ of three references to Prof. Walter Felt, Chalraan, Dapt o£ Math, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, EO/AA -18-

University of Delaware, Dept of Statistics & Computer Science. Regular position available Sept 1~/~. ~anlc and salary coammnsurate with experience. Applicants should have demonstrated potential and cmmit~ent to research and graduate ed, All &teas of computer science are inwlted, but preference will be given to information systems and mathematical soft~are. Applications are requested by MarCh 1, 1978 to Dr. James F. Leathrum, Dept of Statistics and Computer Science, University of Delaware, ~ewark, DE 19711. EO/P-~ ~acksonvilI~.Un~versity, Mathematics position start August 29, 1978. PhD preferred. Teach- ing mathematical statistics and analysis or applied math in addition to the usual undergraduate courses. Background in coaputing desirable. Rank and salary negotiable. Appli- cation deadline Feb. 1, 1978. Write to Haz"£1yn L. Repsher, Head, Hath Dept., Jacksonville University, Jacksonville, FL 32211. EO/AA Project SEED, ~nc;, Hath specialists to participate in nationwide program. Project SEED mathematicians teach abstract, conceptual math to "disadvanta~ed" elem. school children. Currently recruiting for part time and/or full time in Atlanta, Chicago, Browning Montana, Plainfield NJ., Los Angeles and Berkeley. Contact Toni Carroll, 10724 S. Dre~ St., Chicago, II1. 60643 (312)881-3664. Un!versity of lllino~8 at Ch~ca~o Circle, Math Dept. possible Junior or senior openings in pure math, applied math, statistics, computer science~ and math ed. PhD and strong record in teachtn K and research required, First consideration will be given to applications received by January 15, 1978. Send vita, publications list, and description of current research plus3 letters cf reconmendation to Philip D~inger, Head, Dept of Hath., University of Illinois at Chicago Circle, Box ~3~8, Chicago, .Ill. 60680. EO/AA Northern Ill.ino£s University, Dept of Math, Asst. Professor for the Spring Semester 1978 only. PhD required plus cou~ttnent to teaching and research. A research background in Hath Ed preferred, but strong candidates in other fields will be considered. Applications should be received by Dec, 2, 1977. Send to Dept of Hatheaatical Sciences, Northern Illinois University, De~alb, Ill 601.15. EO/AA Ind~ap~ ~$v~rs£~y~ Ha~h Dept, At least 2 asst. pro f~rsh~ps in 8t~tlstlcs. Expertise in analysis o~ ~z,~n~m sad s~tt£stical inference desirable a~thoush all outstendin~ candidates w~libe considered, Applications from uev Ph~s V~mned as well as those who have already demonatrate~ distinction tn research and teaching, At least ~ asst. professorships for 1978-79 whose f£e~d8 are algebra, topology, numerical analysis end several complex variables are available. Will a~eo consider outst~dinK candidates in any field of math. At least 1 senior position in the dept is expected. A~thouah ve are particularly interested in candidates whose fields are probability and/or statistics, we will conslder outstanding candidates in any fleld. Candidates should have demonstrated excellence in research and teaching. Send resume to Horton Lovengrub, Chairman, Dept of Hath,, Swa~a Hall-goat, Bloom/n~ton, Zndiana ~7405. EO/AA Kansas SCats Untverei~y, Dept of Statistics, tw positions beginning Sept. 1, 1978. 1) Asst/ASsoc P~f (~~8 on ezper/~nce). Teaching/Research in Theory-Hultivartate Design, Sampl/n8 or Probab~£ty. Team Track. 2) Aast Prof Teaching/Research ~n Applied or Theory - ~/oasaary, NuZttvsrLate Sampling, Stochastic or Design. Tenure subject to legislative action. Send Vitae and names of 3 references to: Dr. Arthur D. Dayton, Head and Dieter, Dept of Stat!at/~.8 and Statistical Laboratory, RanJas State University, ~, ~ 66506~ IO/~A

.~ath and Statistics (one in otd/nsry ~ffeteut~ eq~t~) for people with sirens research potential, Tenure levml posit!on in ~atistice (appl/~d star preferred); possibility of tenure level posit/on /n Math. ~ter pea/rices require strong research record. Send vita and three letter8 of reference t~f' g.E. Ltrumn, Chstrmm~, Dmpt of Math, U~iversity of Narylend, College Park, ~ 20742, Applications accepted until positions filled. Offers will begin to be made in January 1978. EO/AA -19-

University of Hat, land, Dept of Hath, two "chair" professorships. One for a verson in number theory or algebra or algebraic geometry (with collateral interests in number theory) : one for a person in harmonic analysis or topological dynamics or in the inter- actions of functional analysis with other fields. Send inquiries to Prof. W.E. Kirwan, Chairman, Dept of Hath, University of Haryland, College Park, ND 20742. EO.AA University of Hat, land, Computer Science Dept., has several positions available for an assistant professor. Candidates interested in operating systems, progranmLtng languages, and computational statistics are preferred, but computer scientists who have strong research potential in any area of computer science will be considered. PhD required. Send resume to Hr. Jack Htnker, Professor and Chairsmn, Dept of Computer Science, University of Maryland, College Park, Naryland, 20742. University of Nichigan-Dearborn, Computer Science, UM-D plans to make an appointment at the Asst. Prof level of a person with capability in teaching and research in computer science. Preferred specialities are systems progra~ming, language processing and info. systems, but other field will be considered. PhD in computer science is required for the asst. professorship, but an interim instructorship is possible for a PhD candidate in computer science whose work is substantially complete. This tenure-track position starts Sept. 1978. Applicants send resume, including names of references to Prof. John Riordan, Faculty Search CoNmittee, 4901 Evergreen Road, Dearborn, }ff 48128. A non-dis- criminatory, affirmative action, Title 9 employer. Wayne State University, Dept of Hath, One tenure-track position available Sept. 1978. PhD required. Excellence in research and teaching expected. Rank and salary to be negotiated, Applications should be accompanied by vita and ~s and addresses of 3 professional references. Consideration expedited if letters of reference are Initiated by applicant. Send to Prof. B.J. Eisenstadt, Chairman, Dept of Hath, Wayne State University, Detroit, HI 48202. EO/AA Dartmouth College, Dept of Hath, two John Wesley Young Tnstructorships. 2-yr, non-renewable, postdoctoral appointments for PhDs with strong interests in research and teaching. Teaching duties average 6 hrs/vk and include introductory, advanced undergrad, and grad courses. Nine-month salary $13,S00 first year plus $2,000 two-month suunner research stipend for instructors in residence during the summer. Write to Prof. Richard H. Crowell, Chairman, Hath Dept., Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 037S5. EO/AA Dartmouth College, Computer Science, Asst. Prof. Initial 3-yr appointment. Possibility of reappointment and eventual tenure. ~hlaltfications include demonstrated research in theoretical computer science and ability and interest in teaching undergrad courses in computer science and mathematics. PhD required. Write to Prof. Richard H. Crowell, Chairman, Hath Dept. Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 0375S. EO/AA H.I.T., Hath Dept. A l~ited number of postdoctoral instructorshtps are available in the field of Applied Hath. Appo/ntments will be made on the basis of superior research Potential, for a period not exceeding two years. Applications are considered and final decisions announced on or before Hatch 1S, 1978. For further info write to CoNmittee on Applied Hath, Room 2-345, Haas. Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139. EO/AA M.I.T., Hath Dept. One or two assist professors in pure amthematics will be appointed if sufficiently strong candidates can be found. The criteria are (1) superior ability as a research methamtician, (11) demonstrated effectiveness as a teacher, (111) two years or more of postdoctoral experience. Write to Hath Dept., Mass Institute of Technology, Cambridge, HA 02139. EO/AA N.I.T., Hath Dept., C.L.E. Noore Instructorshtps in Hath are open to postdoctoral mathe- uaticians who show definite promise in research. Teaching loads are 6 hrs. p.w. one eeResCer, 3 hrs. p.w. the other. Appointments are for one year, renewable for one add~tional year. The academic year salary will be at least ~15,$~. Applications should be filed not later than Dec. 30, 1977. Referees should return reference forms direct to H,Z,Y., Cambridge, Nass. 02139 by Jan. 13, 1978. For further into. write to Pure Nat bematics Coum~ttee, Room 2-263, Haes. Institute of Technology, Cambridge, NA, 02139. EO/a~ -20-

Rutgers University, Dept of Math, Asst. Prof of Math: possible opening for 1978-79. Renewal and/or tenure Possible. Ph, D and demonstrated teachlnE effectiveness necessary. Speclalty in some area of applied math deslrable. Send inquiries to Prof. E. Boylan, Chairman, Dept. of Math, i01 Warren St., Room 219, Smith Hall, Rutgers, NCAS University, Newark, NJ. 07102. EO/AA State University of New York at Buffalo, Dept of Math, George William Hill and Emmy Noether Research Instructorshlps for 1978-80. Pending budget restrictions, at least 1 and possible 2 awards will be made, one each in the areas of Applled Math and Pure Math, with each appolntsent being for two years. Ample opportunity to carry forward research program. Stipend for 12 months beg. Sept. 1978 - $16,200. Generous staff benefits. Teaching load will total 2 0he-semester courses during 12-month period. At expiration of 2-yr appointment, a Research Instructor will receive priority consideration for re-appointment as Asst. Professor. PhD required. Prepare a summary of post high school educational background as wall as a sketch of past and projected research actlvlty and request at least 3 mathematicians to send letters of recommendation to Dr. A. Dean MacCilllvary, Chairman, Depc of Math, 106 Dlefen~orf Hall, Buffalo, NY 14214. Deadllne for applications Jan. 20, 1978. EO/AA ~, Dept of Math, Asst. Prof starting Sept. 1978. Preferred flelds: numerical analysis and applled math. Applicants in other areas w111 be considered. Appointment for two years and terminal except if candidate has particularly 8tron~ credentials. Salary competitive, full range of fringe benefits, 9-hr teaching load. Send resume Co Arnold Selken, Chairman, Depc of Math, Union College, Schenectary, N,Y. 12308. EOIAA State ~versity of New York, Stony Brook, Dept. of Math, Asst or Asso Prof in area of operations research and statistics. Applications invited from recent Ph.D's wlth strong academic trainlng and interest in applications. Send inquiries to" Dr. Edward Beltram4, Chairman, Dept of Applind Math and Statistics, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, New York 11794. EO/AA Syracuse U+n/versitY, Dept of Math, 2 regular renewable faculty positions available. One stat istic~an or applied probabilist working in scat£stic8 st" the asst. or asso. prof, level; the other for a numerical analye~st at the asst. prof, level. Also, a visiting position ~ poeslbly other 1-yr te~ poslt£ons in any field, For sll position8 research potential Is of primary ~rta~a. PhD required (my be obtained in ~'78.). All positions have 2-course tea~hiuS-load. Include detailed ~ta, 3 letters of reference and send by Feb. 28, 1978 (Jan 15 for visiting position) to Prof. J.E. Graver, Dept of Math, Syracuse UniVersity, Syracuse, NY 13210. EO/AA Rensselaer Polytechn/c Zustitute , Computer Center, IBM 3033 is being installed to support If. network of terminals and distributed micro and minicomputers. Indlvlduais are sought for the following positions : Training and User Support, computer language specialist, timesharing support specialist, hardward and communications engineer, systems design 8peclalist, systems support spec~al£st, syet~ proffer. Send rectums to Carol R. Tuttis, Manger of P~crultsmnt, Rensselaer Polytschnic Institute Troy, N.Y, 12:181. R~nsselae.r Po17Cecbn~c InsCttU~, ~thematical Sciences, Two openlngs, starting Sept. 1978, for candidates s~ considerable promise in research. One aC asst. or 88so. prof. level, in applied Ith with research interests in continuum mechanics and differential equations. The other, ~t. prof. level in computer science with research interests 4, pro~mmM~ ~, m~pae~ly lan~ ~i~ ~ program. ~fi~. Other sirens ~tea cmmidered, Tenchin8 6-7 hr/wk ~ rater, Seal rmaum to Prof. =. c. ~, ~ of ~~¢ic,1 sctmmm, ~ ~ol~c ~ticume, Troy, S.Y. 12t81.. eo/Aa North Carolina 8~r~ Un~tversity, ~e/gh, Dept of S~tteties, ~it. Prof. Prime requ~e- sent - enerptie person ~h ht~ acadeuic potent i~ in scathes; duties include teaching, research, and statistical coneutttn8 with campus rmsurc~8. Preference liwm to applt'cants with interest in applied statistic8 over theoretical math 8tat!stics. PhD required. Either a 9 or 12 month appolntsent. Sand resume, graduate transcript, reprints, dissertation abstract, end three reference letters to F.E. McVay, Chalrman, Statistics Search Committee, Box 5457, Raleigh, NC 27607. EO/AA -21-

North Carolina State Un£vers£t7~ Raleigh, Dept of Statistics, Asst or Asso Pro~. level. App~ic~nt to ~dm leed in deveZoping 8trou8 depar~uental prosrau in statistical eonputing. PhD required, special sxpertJ~s in numez~eal analysis, backsrou~d" in sta~st£cs, and experience in statistical computing, Position ales inv01ves research, consulting with faculty and some Ceeeh£n8. appointment one 12-uonth basis, Sul~Lt resume, graduate ~ranscr£pt, reprints, dissertation abstract and throe reference letters to F.E.14cVay, Chatrnan, Statistics Search CoumLttoe, Box 5457, RaleSsh, NC 2760,7, EO/AA North_ Carolina State University, Ra!eSgh, ~t of Statistics, Asst. Prof., coordinator of prosramatng and servie'e conputing by Statistics Dept faculty and students •J~ theLr own work and in the Dept of Asricultural ~ertment Station work. PhD required but experienced person v£th Master's would be considered for non-tenure track appointment on 12 month basis. SubtLe resume, graduate tra~er£pt, reprints, diseereatton abetrect and three reference letters to F.E, NeVay, Chairman, Statistics Search Committee, Box 5457, Raleigh ~: 27607.

North Caro1~a State UnXvers£ty et RaXa£sh, Dept of Statistics, 3 positions. I) Asst, or Aeso. Pr0fesnOr to take lead in ~eveiopins strong depart, program /n 8r~ttistical • couputinS, PhD required, Position invoives reeeerch, consult£n$ with faculty and 8see teaching. 12-mo appointment. 2) Asst. Prof. coordinator of prosrmmln g and service coa- pu~Lng. PhD required, but experienced parson with Nester'e uould be considered for • non-tenure-track appointment. 12-uonths. 3) Asst. Prof. energetle person with h£sh academic potm/t£a~ in statistics; duties £aelude teaching, research, statistical consult- Ins vith caupus researchers. Preference given to applJ~ents in applied statistics. PhD required, 9 or 12-uo appear. Subu£t resume, graduate transcript, reprints, dissertation abstract, and 3 reference letters to P.•I. ~¥ay, Chairman, Statistics Search Camm~ttes, Box 5457, l~leJ.l~:j N~ 27607. 110/~ Ohio State ~Lvsrs£ty, Dept of Math anticipates a position to be filled bye distinguished matbemstieinn. Racos~Lxd leadership, out,sr~uif~S research eccoepl~slment and abJ~lty to enhance our instructions1 prosrem v~uld be expected of eerious~ c~nd£dates. Znqul~£es from Algebraic Topologista are especially invited. Send resumes to Prof. Joseph Land/~, Dept. of Math., 231 W. 18th Ave., ¢olunbus, Ohio 43210, ~O/AA Ohio. State University, Dept of Math invites applications for several anticipated posltlono on its regional campuses. These campuses located at IAma, MansflaZd, Marion and Newark provldelnstructlon in math at the freshnan and 8ophouore leve~s. Rank of Asst. Prof., Ph.D. required. Since these are tenure track positions, continuing research as wall as exe_eZlent teach£ns £s expected of those appointed. Send resume and letters of recommendation COoJOnn ~Lu~.r, V£ee Chai .z!an , Dept of Math, The Ohio State U~Lversity, 231 W. 18th Ave., ~o-unnus, ~Lo 43210. EO/AA Wight state hiverji,tT, Math Dept., Cbtinunat r~k o~ professor beg. ~all of 1978. Candidates should have leadership ab/1£ty, demonstrated sehoZarly ablllty, ndain£stre- tlve potentlal, appree/at£on of rule Of pure and applied math. Salary open. Send v£ta

Teaple Univars£tT, Dept of Nath, two lectureshlps for Fall 1978 for recent PhD'e resardless of age. Appointments for • period not exceeding two years. Three course teachin8 Io8d per semester st the undergraduate Zev,1. Salary $13,000. Send res~m and three 1streets of ~tion to Albert Boh£1d, Chairman, Dept of Math, Temple University Ph/ladelphia. PA 19122. EO/AA O-enson Un£vers!ey Math Dept., Department Head. 12-mo. position eeaz~ins July 1, 1978. Requ£remenrj: Phl), tea~ 8xp.~e, proven r~es.arch ab/l~ty, 18adarship capae£ty. Adm/n£strat£ve experience htshly desirsble but not required.. Dudl/ne for applicat/on8 Jen. ~, ~978. Send eppl£eatiou to Dr. PauZ T. Holmes, Cha£rmn, Search Comuittee, Dept of Mathematical Be/asses, CZmmon Univers£ey, Clenson, SC 2963I. EO/AA ASSOCIATION FOR WOMEN IN MA_THEMATICS The AI~ membership year 1s October 1 "to MEMBERSHIP APPLICATION October 1. l~ameand New Renewal

Address t Individual $8.00

Family $10.00

Retlred, Student, Uamployed $ 3.00

Institutional $20.00 (TWo free advertise- Institutional affiliation, if any merits in the Newsletter)

Cont:rlbutlons are tax deductible, welcome and needed. Position

Hake checks payable to: ASSOCTJ~XON FOR WOrN IN HATHE~TICS and mat1 to" Association for Women in Mathematics c/o Departmlnt ot Mathematics WelXesley CoXlese WellesXey, Mass. 02181

AN c/o Department o~ Mathematics Welleele~ College Wellesley, HA 02181

Nov.-Dee. 1977