E4839 V9 SEEFOR Intervention Works, Edo State

3333

Public Disclosure Authorized ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MANAGEMENT PLAN (ESMP) (Final)

For

SMALL PUBLIC WORKS ROAD MAINTENANCE OF EDO STATE SENATORIAL DISTRICTS (LOTS 1-8)

By Public Disclosure Authorized Edo SPCU

Edo State Employment and Expenditure for Results Project (SEEFOR)

EDO STATE GOVERNMENT MINISTRY OF BUDGET, PLANNING AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT

Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized

THE WORLD BANK ASSISTED PROJECT

June 30, 2015

SEEFOR Intervention Works, Edo State

Table of Contents Content Page Title Page i Table of Contents ii List of Tables iv List of Figures iv List of Plates iv List of Maps v List Boxes v List of Appendices v List of Abbreviations and Acronyms vi Units of Measure vii Executive Summary viii

Chapter One: General Background 1 1.1 Background 1 1.2 The Proposed Intervention Work 1 1.3 Rational for ESMP for the Proposed Intervention Work 3 1.4 Objective of this Environmental and Social Management Plan 4 1.5 Scope and Terms of Reference of the ESMP and Tasks 5 1.6 Approaches for Preparing the Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP) 5 1.6.1 Literature Review 5 1.6.2 Interactive Discussions/Consultations 5 1.6.3 Field Visits 6 1.6.4 Identification of Potential Impacts and Mitigation Measures 6

Chapter Two: Institutional and Legal Framework for Environmental 7 2.1 Introduction 7 2.2 World Bank Safeguards Policies Triggered by and the Proposed Activity 7 2.3 Relevant Local and Federal Policy, Legal, Regulatory and Administrative Frameworks 7 2.3.1 State Legislations 7 2.3.2 Ministry of Local Government Regulations 8 22.4 Making the ESMP Responsive to Good Practice 9

Chapter Three: Biophysical Environment 10 3.0 Introduction 10 3.1 Overview of the State 10 3.2 Topography 10 3.3 Climate 10 3.4 Ecology and Vegetation 10 3.5 Relief and Drainage 10 3.6 Soil Characteristics and Land Use 11 3.7 Land Use 11 3.8 Ecological Problems 11 3.9 Summary of Some Specific Baseline Conditions of the Zones 11 3.9.1 Edo South Senatorial District 11 3.9.2 Edo Central Senatorial District 15 3.9.3 Edo North Senatorial District 17 3.10 Environmental Vulnerability 19

Chapter Four: Socio-Economic Characteristics and Community Consultations 20 4.1 Introduction 20 4.2 The People 20 4.3 Population 20 4.4 Settlements 20 4.5 Education 22 4.6 Religious Composition 22

SEEFOR Intervention Works, Edo State

4.7 Marriage and Family 22 4.8 Socialization and Social Organization 22 4.9 Economy 22 4.10 Occupation and Livelihood 22 4.11 Social and Economic Facilities 23 4.12 Infrastructure – Roads 23 4.13 Arts and Culture 23 4.14 Poverty Index 23 4.15 Health Services 23 4.16 Medicine 23 4.17 Public Opinion – Responses Survey Instrument (Questionnaire) 24 4.17.1 Age, Sex and Number of Children of Respondents 24 4.17.2 Average Income of Respondents 24 4.17.3 Awareness of the Proposed Intervention Project 24 4.17.4 Risk of Health Problem as a result of the Intervention Work 25 4.18 Stakeholders Consultations 25 4.18.1 The Objectives of Community Consultations 25 4.18.2 The Stakeholders Consulted and their Concerns 26

SECTION 5: Assessment of Potential Environmental and Social Adverse Impacts and Analysis of Alternatives 28 5.1 Introduction 28 5.2 Impact Identification and Evaluation 28 5.3 Potential Environmental and Social Impacts of the Project 29 5.3.1 The Project Benefits 29 5.3.2 Negative Environmental and Social Impacts 29 5.3.3 Irreversible Environmental Changes 29 5.3.4 Cumulative /Secondary Environmental and Social Impacts 29 5.3.5 Environmental Justice 30 5.4 Analysis of Project Alternatives 31 5.4.1 No Project Option 31 5.4.2 Delayed Project Option 31 5.4.3 Go Ahead Option 31

SECTION 6 Environmental and Social Management Plan 32 6.1 Introduction 32 6.2 Mitigation Measures 32 6.3 Residual Impacts after Mitigation 32 6.4 Enhancement of Positive Impacts and Reduction/Avoidance of Negative Impacts 32 6.5 Environmental Monitoring and Auditing 65 6.6 Environmental Monitoring 65 6.7 Reporting Procedure 65 6.7.1 Complaints Register and Environmental Incidents 65 6.7.2 Record keeping 75 6.8 Grievance Redress Mechanism 75 6.9 Institutional Arrangements 75 6.10 Disclosures and Public Consultation Plan 76 6.11 Institutional Capacity Building & Training 77 6.12 Review and Revision of the ESMP 78 6.13 ESMP Budget and Schedule of Work 78

Section 7: Summary and Conclusion 80

References 81

Appendices 82

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List of Tables Table Page 1.1 Edo State Senatorial Districts and Corridors of Intervention 3 2.1 Triggered Safeguard Policies 7 3.1 Edo South Intervention Corridor Baseline Information 12 3.2 Edo Central Intervention Corridor Baseline Information 15 3.3 Edo North Intervention Corridor Baseline Information 18 4.1 Urban Centre Categorisation in Edo State 20 4.2 Edo State Population Distribution 21 5.1 Consequence Severity, Likelihood Ranking & Risk Matrix Tables 28 5.2 Summary of Identified Potential Environmental and Social Impacts across the Corridors 30 6.1 Environmental and Social Management Plan for the Corridors 33 6.2 Environmental Monitoring Plan 66 6.3 Institutional Responsibilities 75 6.4 Summary of the Planned Stakeholder Engagement Schedule 76 6.5 Training Modules on Environmental and Social Management 77 6.6 Budget and Schedule of Work 78 6.7 ESMP Budget and Implementation Schedule 78

List of Figures Figure Page 4.1 Age of Respondents (Years) 24 4.2 Marital Status 24 4.3 No. of Children of Respondents 24 4.4 Average Income of Respondents 25 4.5 Proposed Project Awareness among Respondents 25

List of Plates Plate Page 4.1 Some of the Community Present during the Stakeholders Meeting 27

List of Maps Map Page 1.1 Edo State in Nigeria and in the World 2 1.2 Main Zones of the SEEFOR projects 4

List of Boxes Box Page 4.1 Summary of the Outcome of the Consultation Meetings 26

List of Appendices Appendix Page

1.1: Typical SEEFOR Activities in this ESMP 82 1.2 SEEFOR Public Works Phase1 New Location For Lots 1, 2, 3 & 4 – 83 1.3 Terms of Reference for the ESMP Preparation 85 2.1: Summary of World Bank Environmental and Social Safeguard Policies (10+2) 86 3.1: Environmental Quality Standards and Criteria – Permissible Levels 87 4.1 Attendance of Stakeholders met 89 4.1b: Survey Instrument Questionnaire 89 6.1 General Environmental Management Conditions for Contractors 92

SEEFOR Intervention Works, Edo State

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS BOD Biochemical Oxygen Demand BP Bank Policy CBO Community Based Organization CDD Community Driven Development CSO Community Support Organizations DO Dissolved Oxygen DS Dissolved Solids E(S)MP Environmental (and Social) Management Plan EA EnvironmentalAssessment EAR Environmental Audit Report EIA Environmental Impact Assessment ESA Environmentally Sensitive Areas ESIA Environmental& Social Impact Assessment ESMF Environmental and Social Management Framework FGN Federal Government of Nigeria FRDP Federal Roads Development Project GIS Geographic Information System HSE Health Safety and Environment HSE Health Safety and Environment IDA International Development Association IPM Integrated Pest Management LB Land Bureau LFN Laws of the Federation of Nigeria LGA Local Government Area MDAs Ministries, Departments & Agencies MDG Millennium Development Goals MIGA Multilateral Guarantee Agency MOE State Ministry of Environment MoH State Ministry of Housing N/A` Not Applicable NEEDS National Economic Empowerment & Development Strategy NGO Non-Governmental Organization NGO Non-governmental Organization NIWA National Inland Waterways Authority NS Not Specified OD Operational Directives (of the World Bank) OP Operational Policy PPE Personal Protective Equipment PPE Personal Safety Equipment RPF Resettlement Policy Framework RRC Road Rehabilitation Contractor SEPA State Environmental Protection Agency SMENV State Ministry of Environment SPM Suspended Particulate Matter TDS Total Dissolved Solids TOR Terms of Reference TSP Total Suspended Particulate

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LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS, Cont'd UNITS OF MEASUREMENT CHEMICAL ELEMENTS AND COMPOUNDS cfu/ml Colony forming Al Aluminum unit per milliliter C Carbon cm Centimeter Ca Calcium dBA Decibel CaCO3 Calcium Carbonate ft Feet CCl4 Carbon Tetrachloride g Gramme Cd Cadmium k Kilogramme Cl Chloride g/cm Gramme per CO Carbon Monoxide Centimeter CO2 Carbon Dioxide Km Kilometer Cr Chromium m Meter Cu Copper m3 Meter Cube Fe Iron meq Milliequivalent H Hydrogen mg Milligramme H2O water mg/Kg Milligramme per H2S Hydrogen Sulphide Kilogramme Hg Mercury mg/l Milligramme per K Potassium Litre Mg Magnesium ml Millilitre Mn Manganese mm Millimetre N Nitrogen m/s Meter per Second Na Sodium NTU Turbidity Unit Na2PO4 Sodium phosphate o /oo Parts per thousand NaOH Sodium hydroxide oN Degree North NH3 Ammonia PH Hydrogen ion NH4+ Ammonium ion concentration NH4F Ammonium flouride ppb parts per billion Ni Nickel - ppm parts per million NO2 Nitrite ion - ToC Temperature in NO3 Nitrate ion degrees Celsius NOX Nitrogen Oxides g Microgramme O2 Oxygen S micro Siemen P Phosphorus m micrometer Pb Lead % Percentage PO4 Phosphate SiO2 Silicate SO2 Sulphur dioxide SO4 Sulphate ion V Vanadium Zn Zinc

SEEFOR Intervention Works, Edo State

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

ES1 Introduction The Government of Nigeria is implementing the multi-state and multi-sectoral State Employment and Expenditure for Results Project (SEEFOR), which is financed by the World Bank through the International Development Association (IDA) assisted project in Edo State. Edo is one of the four pilot States for the project among Delta, Bayelsa and Rivers states. The European Union has also indicated interest to support Edo State Government and other three Niger Delta states under the SEEFOR platforms.

The lead agency at the Federal level is the National Planning Commission and Federal Ministry of Finance while that of state is the Ministry responsible for Budget and/or Economic Planning and/or Finance. State and local governments, local communities and CSOs are or will be involved in the project, given that the project is a multi-sector operation involving MDAs concerned with state road maintenance/public works; collection, disposal, sorting and recycling of refuse & waste; grants to technical, vocational and agricultural training institutions and grants for community driven development (CDD) initiatives.

The proposed state-level PFM reforms are coordinated with those undertaken at the federal level. The project development objective for SEEFOR is to enhance youth employment and access to socio- economic service whilst improving the public expenditure management systems in the state.

Specifically, the intervention works which covers the three Senatorial District of the State (North, Central and South) include small public works such as Road Cleaning/Sweeping, Cleaning/Disiltation of Drains, Maintenance of Street Lights and Lawns in the various locations that have been identified.

Towards ensuring the adequate management of environmental and social impacts, this Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP) has been prepared by Edo State SEEFOR for the specific roads of interventions.

ES 2 The Project Activities The project involves small works which include Road Cleaning/Sweeping, Cleaning/Distillation of Drains, Maintenance of Street Lights and Lawns in the various locations. The Process flow of the various small works include: Select roads from the township in collaboration with Edo State Rapid Response Agency (RRA), advertise, public works/employment committee evaluate the bids and then select the most capable contractor per lot.

The intervention sites (Roads) are located across the three (3) Senatorial Districts of the State. The roads are bunched in different Lots within the various districts.

ES 3 Rational and Objective of the ESMP In the light of the anticipated impacts of the proposed intervention work activities such as air pollution from dust particles generated by the project activities such as sweeping and civil work, it was considered expedient and necessary to prepare this site specific Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP) for the proposed intervention work which is directed at protecting and minimizing any potential adverse environmental and social impacts.

ES 4 Institutional and Legal Framework for Environmental Management The national and international environmental guidelines applicable to the operation of the SEEFOR have already been discussed in Section 3 under Policy and Regulatory Frame Work of the national instrument, ESMF prepared for the overall project. As may be needed, for more details, cross references should be made to the ESMF for the institutional and regulatory framework for this ESMP.

Suffice it to say that the World Bank has 10+ 2 Environmental and Social Safeguard Policies to reduce or eliminate the adverse effects of development projects, and improve decision making which are summarized in Appendix 2.1. Of these Safeguard Policies, the intervention work at the proposed site triggers Environmental Assessment (OP/BP 4.01).

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There are significant similarities between World Bank Safeguards Policies and the EIA Act of Nigeria. However, in the event of dissonance between World Bank Safeguards Policies and the EIA Act and or any other extant laws in Nigeria, The World Bank Safeguards Policies shall supersede.

ES 5 Biophysical Environment Edo State is located in the rain forest belt of Nigeria between longitude 5° E and 6° 42" and latitude 5° 45" N and 35" N. It is bounded by Kogi State to the North; by both Kogi and Anambra States to the East. Edo state shares border with Ondo State to the West and Delta State to the South. Edo State has a total land area of 19,281.93 square kilometres eighteen (18) Local Government Areas.

The State is low lying except towards the north axis where the Northern and Esan plateaus range from 183m of the Kukuruku Hills and 672m of the Somorika Hills characterized the landscape. The State experiences both wet and dry seasons; the wet season lasting from April to November while, the dry lasts from December to March. The state is however not homogeneous with respect to local climate. The rainfall distribution pattern range from 2900 mm per year in the south and as low as 350 mm per year in the north, The rainfall patterns is characterized by double maximum pattern in each given year as observed from the twenty- year data from the Benin synoptic station (Fig. 3.1). The annual mean rainfall averaged over a twenty (20) year period indicated that Benin had 2,147.36 mm.

Edo State is typified by low land rain forest ecosystem. The South and Central parts lies in the forest belt while, the northern part lies in the forest belt while, the northern part is in the Guinea Savannah Zone Thus while, fresh water swamp, mangrove and riverine areas abound in the southern part, Savanna ecosystems dominate the far northern sections. Human interference especially subsistence and large scale farming have reduced many naturally occurring forests to secondary ones as well as tree crop plantations and bush fallow lands. Cash crops especially plantations of Elaeisguineensi sand Heveabrasiliensisas well as the cultivated annuals form the agro-ecological systems of Edo State. Based on the vegetation types, this environment can now be divided into the following distinct vegetation areas: Secondary lowland rain forest; Swamp forest strip along the flood plains; and Patches of farmlands and fallow lands. The Soil samples from the zones had high levels of organic matter.

ES 6 Potential Adverse Environmental and Social Impacts & Mitigation Measures Generally, the biophysical assessment of the sites revealed that not all the lots have equal potential impacts. Except for major urban centers, the roads are without lawns and sidewalks, while the drainages are uncovered and already silting up. A few of the corridors do not have drainages, streetlights and lawn site.

The common potential risks observed are with respect to the SEEFOR workers protection. Most of the corridors are busy with traffic and fast moving vehicles. The risk of being knocked down reverberates in all corridors visited. Another potential negative impact is the quantity of dust raised by sweepers especially in commercial areas. This will be pronounced in the dry season. Also it was observed that some street lights are connected to the power lines with high voltage. This also portends danger of electrocution and falling from heights.

There is the slight social impact of obstruction to traffic by sweepers and electricians while maintaining the facilities. Another potential traffic obstruction is the rubbish removed from the drains which are left as heaps by the road side. Where these occur, the road shoulders are completely inaccessible to motorists to pull over. This is common in Ekpoma and Uromi area. The occurrence of lawn is exclusive to cities and urban centres. The identified summary table of the SEEFOR activities, impacts and mitigation measures are summarized in Chapter 6.

ES 7 Stakeholders Consultations The key stakeholders identified and consulted in the area include leaders in the communities, individual people who own properties that will be directly or indirectly affected, and business owners, along the road corridors, etc. At the meeting, the overview of the proposed project and appreciation of ESMP were presented. Furthermore, the challenges that could impede the implementation of the project and the support needed from all parties to ensure effective project and successful implementation were also

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discussed with the stakeholders. A summary of the issues and/comments raised by the various stakeholders and how the issues were and/are to be addressed at the meetings or by the Project are highlighted in Chapter 4.

ES 8 ESMP Implementation and Management The successful implementation of the ESMP depends on the commitment of the sector and related institutions, and the capacity within the institutions to apply or use this ESMP effectively, and the appropriate and functional institutional arrangements, among others. Hence these key ESMP areas relevant to its successful implementation were included in the ESMP, namely: institutional arrangements, capacity building, environmental and social monitoring.

In order to effectively and efficiently implement this ESMP, a system for monitoring and auditing has been built into the overall management plan. Monitoring and auditing assist in the examination of management, employee knowledge, programme responsibilities, records & effectiveness.

The Environmental monitoring activities shall be based on direct or indirect indicators of emissions, effluents, and resource use applicable to the project. Monitoring frequency shall be sufficient to provide representative data for the parameter being monitored. Monitoring shall be conducted by trained individuals who can carry out the monitoring and record-keeping effectively using properly calibrated and maintained equipment.

Monitoring data shall be analyzed and reviewed at regular intervals and compared with the operating standards so that any necessary corrective actions can be taken. As part of monitoring programme, visual inspections and quality monitoring for light attenuation will be conducted daily, for instance.

ES 9 Analysis of Project Alternatives In the context of this ESMP, analysis of project alternatives refers to the performance of the natural and socio-economic resources with or without the project or with or without the implementation of the measures of this ESMP and/or other safeguard instrument considered appropriate. For this intervention work, a number of viable options that were considered include: the no project option; delayed project; alternative site/location and project execution option. Project execution option was considered the best option as this stands to improve the scenic beauty of the physical environment and at the same time create meaningful jobs for the jobless youths, one of the essence of the SEEFOR project.

ES 10 Gender& Governance The prevailing culture in the project area is based on the concept of patriarchy which believes in the superiority, supremacy and primacy of the men folk over the women relegating them as the weaker sex. Hence women had been discriminated against in many spheres of economic and social life. However, women are key to ensuring the sensibility and sustainability of the overall project management levels, especially. To encourage the participation of women, major activities to be performed by women and men should be at ratio of 60:40 as much as practically possible.

ES 11 Institutional Arrangements Since one of the main purposes of ESMPs is to establish responsibility for the activities that have to be undertaken, arrangements and the roles and responsibilities of the various institutions in the implementation of the ESMP have been developed as outlined in Table 6.4 and Table 6.5  Suffice it to say that EDO SEEFOR SPCU is the implementing authority,co-ordinates all policies, programmes and actions regarding the SEEFOR project and all issues relating to this ESMP. The Environmental and Social Safeguard Officer is in charge of ensuring compliance with this ESMP.  Other stakeholders shall come in as and when relevant areas or resources under their jurisdiction or management are likely to be affected by or implicated by the projects.

ES 12 Institutional Capacity Building & Training Based on the field assessment, to enhance the respective roles and collaboration of the relevant stakeholders, the following broad areas for capacity building have been identified as deserving of

SEEFOR Intervention Works, Edo State

attention for effective implementation of the ESMP. Specific areas for effective institutional capacity needs are given in Table 6.5.

ES 13 ESMP Budget and Schedule of Work To effectively implement the environmental and social management measures necessary budgetary provisions has been made for this ESMP which includes the environmental management costs other than the good engineering practices, cost of environmental and resettlement monitoring. All administrative costs for implementing the ESMP shall be budgeted for as part of the project costing. The key elements of the implementation schedule are also shown as provided in Table 6.6.

To effectively implement the environmental and social management measures, necessary budgetary provisions have been made for this ESMP which includes the environmental management costs other than the good engineering practices, cost of environmental and resettlement monitoring. All administrative costs for implementing the ESMP shall be budgeted for as part of the project costing. The cost of each measure has been included in the overall ESMP budget which is estimated at N14,278,000.00 (Fourteen Million, Two Hundred and Seventy Eight Thousand Naira only) in Table below. The key elements of the implementation schedule are also shown as provided in Table 6.7.

Budget and Schedule of Work S/No Element Responsible No of Lot Rate Per Lot N 1 Mitigation SPCU ESSO, 8 6,520,000.00 Measures Contractor, MH, MOE & MOW

2 Stakeholder SPCU 8 50,000.00/Quarter 1,600,000.00 Engagement Plan 3 Monitoring Contractors/Site 8 463,750.00/Year 3,710,000.00 Committee members/SPCU 4 Training SPCU , 8 143,750.00/Year 1,150,000.00 Contractor/HSE Officer, Consultant, management Sub-total 12,980,000.00

10% contingency 1,298,000.00 Grand total 14,278,000.00

ES 14 Disclosures and Public Consultation Plan All reasonable efforts must be made to disclose/display this ESMP to the public at strategic points within the project’s area of influence so as to allow all stakeholders read and understand how they stand to be affected by the project. It should also be disclosed at the Ministry of Environment and the World Bank Info Shop.

A key element of sustaining stakeholders’ support in any project execution is to consult and communicate with the stakeholders effectively and to engage them as early as possible with the project which has been done in the course of preparation of the intervention work and further enhanced during the preparation of this ESMP. Like any other business function, stakeholder engagement needs to be managed and driven by a well-defined strategy. A Stakeholder engagement plan has been designed to Stakeholder Engagement and Communication Process as shown in Section 7.

ES 15 Grievance Redress Mechanism A localized redress mechanism that takes account of the specific issues, cultural context, local customs and project conditions and scale has been developed. to resolving conflict in the communities use existing traditional methods that are affordable and accessible procedures for redressal of disputes such as: community meetings, elders-in-council, dialogue, council of chiefs, appeals and summons, elders assembly, religious leaders, youth council and women groups. In consultation with the community

SEEFOR Intervention Works, Edo State

members, it was generally agreed that this path is a better and best way of resolving conflict in timely manner with and ultimately the police and courts as the last options, as the case may be. This is in line with what is contained in the SEEFOR ESMF, RPF and PIM.

ES 16 Summary and Conclusion The proposed intervention work is to enhance youth employment and access to socio-economic service whilst improving the public expenditure management systems in the state.

The intervention works which covers the three Senatorial District of the State (North, Central and South) include small public works such as Road Cleaning/Sweeping, Cleaning/Disiltation of Drains, Maintenance of Street Lights and Lawns in the various locations are more or like community services which require to great extent the use of raw manpower with the engagement of youths, who for instance, had dropped out of school but need to be meaningfully engaged. In addition, street sweeping and storm drain cleanout practices rank among the oldest practices used by communities for a variety of purposes to provide a clean and healthy environment

Thus the main benefits of the intervention identified include employment opportunities, poverty reduction, national reputation and cultural promotion, among others. Some negative impacts during implementation have been identified. The negative impacts include: generation of dust, noise and traffic disturbance of the neighbourhood which have been identified as transient, lasting only during the intervention work.

In conclusion, the study has indicated that the establishment of the proposed project will not severely impact negatively on the existing environmental, social and health as well as safe conditions of the people, locally and nationally. This inference is further made strong, owing to the fact that the activities in themselves and the equipment/implement employed do not have the capacity to further degrade the present existing environmental conditions.

SEEFOR Intervention Works, Edo State

SECTION ONE: GENERAL INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background The Government of Nigeria is implementing the multi-state and multi-sectoral State Employment and Expenditure for Results Project (SEEFOR), which is financed by the World Bank through the International Development Association ID assisted project in Edo State. Edo is one of the four pilot States for the project among Delta, Bayelsa and Rivers states. The European Union has also indicated interest to support Edo State Government and other three Niger Delta states under the SEEFOR platforms.

The state-level PFM reforms are coordinated with those undertaken at the federal level. The project development objective for SEEFOR is to enhance youth employment and access to socio-economic service whilst improving the public expenditure management systems in the state.

1.2 The Proposed Intervention Work Essentially, the intervention work shall include Road Cleaning/Sweeping, Cleaning/Disiltation of Drains, Maintenance of Street Lights and Lawns as well as vegetation control and Earth Road Maintenance in the various locations across the State. Much of the activities shall be done manually (Appendix 1.1)

The Process flow of the various small works include the selection of roads from the township in collaboration with Edo State Rapid Response Agency (RRA), and advertisement for the small public works and employment committee which evaluates the bids and then select the most capable contractor per lot.

Edo State is located in Nigeria between longitude 5° E and 6° 42" and latitude 5° 45" N and 35" N. It is bounded by Kogi State to the North; by both Kogi and Anambra States to the East. Edo state shares border with Ondo State to the West and Delta State to the South (Map 1.1).

The intervention sites (Roads) are located across the three (3) Senatorial Districts of Edo State, Nigeria (Table 1.1). The roads are bunched in different Lots within the various districts as depicted in Map 1.2 and Appendix1.2.

SEEFOR Intervention Works, Edo State

Map1.3LGAs in Anambra State

Edo State Strategic Action P=]plan (2004-2009)

Field Work, 2014

Map 1.1: Proposed Project Site Location in the World

National Population Commission (2010) Map 1.1: Edo State in Nigeria and in the World

SEEFOR Intervention Works, Edo State

Table 1.1: Edo State Senatorial Districts and Corridors of Interventions

1.3 Rational for ESMP for the Proposed Intervention Work In the light of the anticipated impacts of the proposed intervention work activities such as dust raising when sweeping, it was considered expedient and necessary to prepare this site specific Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP) for the proposed intervention work which is directed at protecting and minimizing any potential adverse environmental and social impacts.

During the preparation of the project, two instruments Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) and a Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF) were prepared for managing the project nationally without any specific location or magnitude of impacts in mind.

Based on the identified impacts in the specific project location, these framework instruments need to be translated into specific costed, measurable, and monitorable actions for specific intervention sites through

SEEFOR Intervention Works, Edo State the preparation of site-specific management and action plans with this Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP).

ESMP is ‘a tool that ensures undue or reasonably avoidable adverse impacts of a project are prevented and during the construction, operation and decommissioning’. It provides an essential tool for ensuring that the mitigation of negative impacts and enhancement of positive impacts is carried out effectively during the project life-cycle. The project's ESMP consists of the set of mitigation, monitoring and institutional measures to be undertaken during implementation and operation in order to eliminate adverse environmental impacts, offset them, or reduce them to acceptable levels. The plan also includes the actions needed to implement these measures. The ESMP is prepared and shall be implemented in line with World Bank Policy and Nigeria policies and laws.

5°00' 5°30' 6°00' 6°30' 7°00' N 7°30' 7°30' W E

Igarra S # Project towns. # Natural drainage Roads # Iyamho State boundary

# Auchi 7°00' 7°00'

Ekpoma # Uromi # 6°30' 6°30' # Ubiaja

Benin # 6°00' 6°00'

10 0 10 Kilometers

7°00' 5°00' 5°30' 6°00' 6°30' Map 1.2: Main Zones of the SEEFOR projects

1.4 Objectives of this Environmental and Social Management Plan EMP is intended to document the actions necessary to prevent or minimize predicted negative impacts, and to provide a framework for systematic management of environmental responsibilities, impacts and 4

SEEFOR Intervention Works, Edo State risks. EMP contributes greatly to the success or failure of the sustainability of a project since it is designed to mitigate negative impacts of developments and includes monitoring which measures compliance to established requirements. With all intent and purpose, the main objective of this Environmental and Social Management Plan is to document the actions necessary to prevent or minimize predicted negative impacts of the construction projects. Also it stands to provide a framework for systematic managing of the responsibilities associated with the works are well mitigated with a view to ensuring environmental friendliness of the proposed project.

Specifically, this ESMP shall be designed to ensure the following:  Compliance with relevant legislative requirements;  Achievement, enhancement and demonstration of sound environmental performance built around the principle of continuous improvement;  Provision of standards for overall planning, operation, audit and review;  Encouragement and achievement of the highest environmental performance and response from individual employee and contractors;  Rationalizing and streamline environmental activities to add value in term of efficiency and effectiveness;  Enabling management to establish environment priorities;  Integrating environment fully into the various activities of the proposed project and ensuring inclusion of environmental requirements into tender documents, continuing management and evaluation of the environmental performance of the project.  Providing detailed design criteria for specific mitigation measures to be implemented.  Tracking to ensure the effectiveness of the mitigation measures at meeting the discharge standards.  Specifying appropriate roles and responsibilities, and outline the necessary reporting procedures, for managing and monitoring environmental and social concerns related to projects.

1.5 Scope/Terms of Reference of the ESMP and Tasks Specifically, the scope of the ESMP includes: Preparation of site specific Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP) for small public works activities, the rehabilitation/maintenance of the selected priority roads in bunched in the three Senatorial Districts in Edo State.

The ESMP consists of a well-documented set of mitigation, monitoring, and institutional actions to be taken before and during implementation to eliminate adverse environmental and social impacts, offset them, or reduce them to acceptable levels. The ESMP also includes the measures needed to implement these actions, addressing the adequacy of the monitoring and institutional arrangements for the small public works activities. The specific Tasks of this ESMP as required by the Terms of Reference are presented in Appendix 1.

1.6 Approaches for Preparing the Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP) This ESMP has been prepared in accordance with standard procedures for environmental assessment including the applicable World Bank safeguard policies and Nigerian environmental assessment guidelines. The main approach/activity for preparing the Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP) include the following:

1.6.1 Literature Review Review of the existing baseline information and literature material was undertaken. This assisted in gaining a further and deeper understanding of the project and the environmental and social conditions that exist in the intended states. Among the documents that were reviewed in order to familiarize and deeply understand the project included: Nigeria’s National laws and/or regulations on environmental assessments, World Bank Operational Policies, Project Appraisal document and other relevant literature

1.6.2 Interactive Discussions/Consultations As a process of initiating the process of continual consultation and involvement of the public in the project, various discussions were held with some key relevant community groups/CDAs/CBOs and members of the

SEEFOR Intervention Works, Edo State public in the state. In addition, as part of the process of public consultation/participation a program for the disclosure of the ESMP to facilitate the work has been developed.

1.6.3 Field Visits The various sites were visited with a view to gathering information on the baseline environmental conditions, institutional arrangement, capacity, etc. in relation to the project implementation. The field work informed the preparation of the existing conditions and any anticipated changes before the start of the sub-projects. Attention was paid to the physical environment (i.e. topography, geology climate and meteorology, surface water hydrology); biological environment (i.e. Flora types and diversity, rare and endangered species within or adjacent to projects intervention sites, including wetlands, sensitive habitats); and socio-economic and cultural environment, such as population, land use, planned development activities, community structure, employment and labour market, sources and distribution of income, cultural properties – such as historical and archaeological significant sites, indigenous people, and traditional tribal lands and customs).

1.6.4 Identification of Potential Impacts and Mitigation Measures The potential impacts were identified through generic and specific assessment of the sites for anticipated changes that could result in the light of the socio-environmental conditions (project-environment interactions)

Mitigation measures have been proffered to either eliminate or minimize adverse environmental and social impacts of specific actions, projects or programs while also enhancing positive effects. The approach to mitigation has been primarily preventive principles of anticipated impacts based on well-known negative outcomes of project-environment interactions.

SEEFOR Intervention Works, Edo State

SECTION TWO: INSTITUTIONAL AND LEGAL FRAMEWORK FOR ENVIRONMENTAL

2.1 Introduction This section presents a succinct discussion of the World Bank Safeguard Policies triggered by SEEFOR and the proposed activity. It also provides a Summary of relevant local and federal policy, legal, regulatory, and administrative frameworks.

The national and international environmental guidelines applicable to the operation of the SEEFOR have already been discussed in Section 3 under Policy and Regulatory Frame Work of the national instrument, ESMF prepared for the overall project. As may be needed, for more details, cross references should be made to the ESMF for the institutional and regulatory framework for this ESMP.

2.2 World Bank Safeguards Policies triggered by SEEFOR and the proposed activity The World Bank has 10+ 2 Environmental and Social Safeguard Policies to reduce or eliminate the adverse effects of development projects, and improve decision making which are summarized in Appendix 2.1. Of these Safeguard Policies, the intervention work at the proposed site triggers Environmental Assessment (OP/BP 4.01) as indicated in Table 2.1.

Table 2.1: Triggered Safeguard Policies by SEEFOR Project Safeguard Policies Triggered by SEEFOR Triggered by Edo Project SEEFOR Project Environmental Assessment OP/BP 4.01) [X]Yes [ ] No Triggered as[X]Yes per [ ] No contained in this ESMP Natural Habitats (OP/BP 4.04) [X]Yes [ ] No NA Forests (OP/BP 4.36) [X]Yes [ ] No NA Pest Management (OP 4.09) [X]Yes [ ] No NA Physical Cultural Resources (OP/BP 4.11)5 [X]Yes [ ] No NA Indigenous Peoples (OP/BP 4.10) ]Yes [X] No NA Involuntary Resettlement (OP/BP 4.12) X]Yes [ ] No NA Safety of Dams (OP/BP 4.37) [ ]Yes [X] No NA Projects on International Waterways (OP/BP 7.50) [ ]Yes [X] No NA Projects in Disputed Areas (OP/BP 7.60) ]Yes [X] No NA NA= Not applicable to Lots in the Report

2.3 Relevant Local and Federal Policy, Legal, Regulatory, and Administrative Frameworks These have adequately been covered in Section 3: Policy and Regulatory Frame Work of the SEEFOR ESMF. As may be needed, for more details, cross references should be made to the ESMF for this aspect of the institutional and regulatory framework for this ESMP. However, the specific State and local government legal legislation and frameworks that were not considered are provided herewith.

2.3.1 State Legislations In consonance with the need to protect public health and safety, and to restore and enhance environmental quality, and sustain economic vitality through effective and efficient implementation of environmental programmes, the State Government has set up State Ministry of Environment (MoE) that takes charge of Environment affairs in the State.

Inter alia, the Ministry is empowered to give direction to all issues concerning the environment, monitor and control pollution and the disposal of solid, gaseous and liquid wastes generated by various facilities in the states. Some of the functions of the State Ministry of Environment include:

SEEFOR Intervention Works, Edo State

(i) Liaising with the Federal Ministry of Environment, FMENV to achieve a healthy or better management of the environment via development of National Policy on Environment (ii) Co-operating with FMENV and other National Directorates/Agencies in the performance of environmental functions including environmental education/awareness to the citizenry (iii) Responsibility for monitoring waste management standards, (iv) Responsibility for general environmental matters in the State, and (v) Monitoring the implementation of EIA studies and other environmental studies for all development projects in the State.

Some of the regulations operational in the State include the following

1. Edo State Waste Management Board (EWMB) The EWMB is an agency under the direct supervision of the Edo State Ministry of Environment and Public Utilities (MEPU) compilation, transport, processing, recycling or disposal and monitoring of waste materials. Waste materials include solid, liquid and gaseous substances. Other responsibilities include the development of guidelines, standards and regulations for pollution control and waste management as well as examination and compliance monitoring of industrial facilities (Nigerian Government, 2011).

2. Edo State Ministry of Land, Housing & Survey The Ministry has the mandate to manage all lands in Edo State, survey, map and chart all real estates in the State. To acquire value and allocate public real property for public projects and gazettes such acquisitions by the State with the ministry. The policy objectives of the Ministry are to process all instruments evidencing ownership and possession of real estate in the state. And to keep in custody all real estate instruments, records, and their management.

3. Edo State Ministry of Energy and Water resources

The Ministry of Energy and Water Resources is saddled with the responsibility of providing Light and Water to all nooks and crannies of the State.

4. Edo State Ministry of Local Government regulations The Ministry of Local Government is amongst others is charged with the responsibility of: Co-ordinating the activities of Local Government Councils; Resolving Local Government and Communal Boundary Disputes; Maintenance of Law and Order in Local Government Areas in collaboration with Law Enforcement Agencies;

5. Edo State Rapid Response Agency Edo State Rapid Response Agency was established under the Edo State Rapid Response Agency Law CAP. E30 0f 31st August 1999. It is an intervention body set up by Government to meet with emergencies that require urgent intervention without undue delay associated with the normal bureaucracy. Some of the functions of the Agency include:-  Emergency maintenance of Roads and drainages  Emergency provision of Potable Water and Electricity  Emergency reconstruction and rehabilitation of Public Infrastructure (Movable or Immovable)  Emergency provision of Shelter.  These functions are discharged through direct labour as far as practicable to avoid undue delay.

2.3.2 Ministry of Local Government regulations The Ministry of Local Government is amongst others is charged with the responsibility of:  Co-ordinating the activities of Local Government Councils;  Resolving Local Government and Communal Boundary Disputes;  Maintenance of Law and Order in Local Government Areas in collaboration with Law Enforcement Agencies;  Collection of taxes and fees;  Establishment and maintenance of cemeteries, burial grounds and homes for the destitute or infirm 8

SEEFOR Intervention Works, Edo State

 Establishment, maintenance and regulation of markets, motor parks and public conveniences;  Construction and maintenance of roads, streets, drains and other public highways, parks, and open spaces;  Naming of roads and streets and numbering of houses;  Provision and maintenance of public transportation and refuse disposal;  Registration of births, deaths and marriages;

2.4 Making the ESMP Responsive to Good Practice In order to make the ESMP responsive to the objectives of good practice, the Nigeria’s EIA requirements and World Bank Environmental Assessment were harmonised as far as possible.

The principles inherent in the environmental and social standards of the World Bank Safeguard on Environmental Assessment are in tandem with the FMENV EIA procedures and processes. For instance, World Bank categorization of EA as A, B, & C corresponds in principle with the Nigeria EIA requirements of Category I, II and III, which in actual practice is done with regard to the level of impacts associated with a given project. There are significant similarities between World Bank Safeguards Policies and the EIA Act of Nigeria. However, in the event of dissonance between World Bank Safeguards Policies and the EIA Act and or any other extant laws in Nigeria, The World Bank Safeguards Policies shall supersede.

SEEFOR Intervention Works, Edo State

SECTION THREE: BIOPHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT

3.0 Introduction This section provides an overview of the environmental characteristics of the project location and area of influence, particularly those elements of the environment that may be impacted upon by the project and which should be included in the monitoring programme. The environment in this context includes the biophysical components.

3.1 Overview of the State Edo State has a total land area of 19,281.93 square kilometers. The state has three senatorial districts, 9 Federal House of Representative Seats, 24 State House of Assembly seats, 18 local government areas (LGAs) and 192 political wards.The 3 senatorial districts are roughly delineated along the main ethno- cultural lines of the state. The local government areas are grouped into three senatorial districts.

The Edo South Senatorial District, which has 7 LGAs and constitutes 57.54 per cent of the population, is made up of Edo (Bini) speaking people. The Edo North Senatorial District has 6 LGAs and constitutes roughly 25 per cent of the population. It is made up of the Afemai and Akoko-Edo people. The Afemai include the Etsako (12.19 per cent) and Owan (7.43 per cent) while the Ako-Edo speaking people constitute 5.70 per cent of the state population. The Edo Central Senatorial District has 5 LGAs and home to the Esan people that constitute 17.14 per cent of the state’s population. Several minority ethnic groups such as the Ijaw, Itsekiri, Urhobo, Igbirra and Ika-Igbo are also found in some LGAs in the state. Most of the ethnic groups however share cultural similarities, which stem from their historical affinities to the ancient Benin Kingdom (Cleen Foundation, 2012).

3.2 Topography The State is low lying except towards the north axis where the Northern and Esan plateaus range from 183m of the Kukuruku Hills and 672m of the Somorika Hills characterized the landscape.

3.3 Climate The State experiences both wet and dry seasons; the wet season lasting from April to November while, the dry lasts from December to March. The state is however not homogeneous with respect to local climate. The rainfall distribution pattern range from 2900 mm per year in the south and as low as 350 mm per year in the north, The rainfall patterns is characterized by double maximum pattern in each given year as observed from the twenty- year data from the Benin synoptic station . The annual mean rainfall averaged over a twenty (20) year period indicated that Benin had 2,147.36 mm.

3.4 Ecology and Vegetation Characteristics Edo State is typified by low land rain forest ecosystem. The South and Central parts lies in the forest belt while, the northern part lies in the forest belt while, the northern part is in the Guinea Savannah Zone Thus while, fresh water swamp, mangrove and riverine areas abound in the southern part, Savanna ecosystems dominate the far northern sections. Human interference especially subsistence and large scale farming have reduced many naturally occurring forests to secondary ones as well as tree crop plantations and bush fallow lands. Cash crops especially plantations of Elaeisguineensis and Heveabrasiliensisas well as the cultivated annuals form the agro-ecological systems of Edo State. Based on the vegetation types, this environment can now be divided into the following distinct vegetation areas: Secondary lowland rain forest; Swamp forest strip along the flood plains; and Patches of farmlands and fallow lands.

Human interference has however, led to the presence of plantations for rubber and oil palms as well as forest reserves. Extensive exploitation of forest resources, cattle grazing and persistent bush fires have combined to reduce areas of forest vegetation to derived degraded savannah. The exploitation of these resources must be controlled through deliberate state interventions to ensure that our forestry reserves remains sustainable over time. 10

SEEFOR Intervention Works, Edo State

3.5 Relief and Drainage: The distinct relief regions in the state include: the swamps/creeks, the Esan plateau, Orle valley and the dissected uplands of Akoko Edo Local Government Area. There are six types of physical features which con stitute the landscape of Edo State. In the Benin lowlands is found a sandy coastal plain and alluvium clay with some hills in the east. Slopes are tilled in the southwest direction. Rivers Osse, Orihionmwon and lkpoba drain the area. With the exception of River Osse that has a wide flood plain, the other rivers are characterised by steeply incised valleys in their upper courses; they become broad as they enter River Ethiope in Delta State. The Esan Plateau ranges from 213 to 305m. It is characterised by sandstone hills, numerous dry valleys, and steep slopes in the northern and southern portions but gentle slopes in the west. The Orle valley is developed on sandstone and runs in an east west direction with Rivers Owan and Orle as the main drainage outlets westwards and eastwards, respectively. The dissected uplands of AkokoEdo on the other hand, range from 183m to 305m. Outstanding features of the uplands include granite peaks, which rise above 610m and sandstone in the south. In addition, erosional and stable land sur faces are predominant.

3.6 Soil Characteristics and Land Use Soil type in the state is generally the redyellow kind of ferralsols. Variation in Akoko-Edo consists of shallow/stony reddish clay at the feet of inselbergs in the higher sections, lateritic clay and fine grained to sandy soils in the upper slope/lateritic tablelands and ferruginous soils on the crystalline acid rocks of the basement complex.

In Orle valley, the soil is lateritic/gravelly sandy, while on the Esan Plateau, the soil is either clayey sand or porous red sand. Soil type in the Benin low land; ranges from loose poorly productive sand in the southeast to fertile clayey soil in the northeast Close to the Niger, the Osse and the Benin Rivers are alluvial and hydromorphic soils.

Soil textural classification is the relative amounts of sand, silt, and clay present in a soil. The texture of a soil affects the water absorption/infiltration rate, and water holding capacity owing to the different pore spaces that are characteristic of the different soil fractions. Thus, the soil texture also determines the amount of soil aeration, ease of tilling, and soil fertility (Udo, 1986). The soils of Edo state are largely clay and silk, but tend to sand towards the coastal areas. They are characteristically red and brown in colour. The Harmonised World Soil Database of the various zones show that each zone has soil physical parameters that are different from other zones.

3.7 Land Use Land Use refers to the various uses to which land is put in the State. Land use pattern in the most areas were ascertained by observing directly in the site, the various uses to which is been utilized by the inhabitants and activities in the communities. A significant portion of the land in the area is put into agricultural use. Other significant sections of the land support forest growth, fallow lands and rivers. Roads, communal dwelling places and other infrastructures occupy land areas in the State.

3.8 Ecological Problems The main ecological problems in Edo State are soil erosion, scarcity of water and outcrops of basement rocks. Erosion is acute in Auchi and its environs as well as in Egor and lgueben on the Esan Plateau. Rainfall and the removal of vegetal cover are the main causes of the problem. Scarcity of water is widespread during the dry season. The period of acute water shortage, varies from three months in the Benin lowlands, about five months on the Esan Plateau and sever months in the remaining northern parts of the state The depth of the water table and the absence of large storage facilities are mainly responsible for the prolonged period of water shortage on the Esan Plateau.

3.9 Summary of Some Specific Baseline Conditions of the Zones An outline of the baseline environmental and social conditions of the participating Zones is here below according to the zones.

3.9.1 Edo South Senatorial District

SEEFOR Intervention Works, Edo State

The District contains Lots 1 to 4 selected corridors within Benin metropolis. Benin City is the capital of Edo State. Benin had been the capital of Benin kingdom that was established in the 13th century. The city is estimated to have a population of 1,147,188 people (Census 2006). Benin experiences a tropical weather. Attractions in the city include the National Museum Benin city, the Oba Palace, Igun Street (-famous for bronze casting and other metal works for centuries). Other attractions include various festivals and the Benin Moats (measuring about 20 to 40 ft), the famous King's Square on Ring Road and its traditional markets.

The Binis are known for bronze sculpture, its casting skills and their arts and craft. Benin City is also the home of one of the oldest sustained monarchies in the world. Various festivals are held in Benin City yearly to celebrate various historic occasions and seasons. Igue festival is the most popular of the festivals where the Oba celebrates the history and culture of his people and blesses the land and the people. It is celebrated at a time between Christmas and New Year.

The corridors of intervention share common geo-spatial boundaries, reports of a number of the biophysical parameters are similar.

Ogba river, a forth order (4o) river, located at the Southwest region of the outskirt of Benin City between Latitude 6.20oN and Longitude 5.34oE is the only river interfere at a flank by one of the corridors - Airport road 2nd gate to Ogba Bridge corridor. The river is about 42 km long and takes its source at Ekewan and flows in a South East direction through Ogba village and empties to Osiomo River, into Benin River, which in turn empties into the Atlantic Ocean. Benin City wastewater from GRA area discharges into the river at this point. In an eight (8) month study, Anyanwu (2012), reveal the Water depth to range from 21.0cm to 113cm, air temperature ranged between 15oC and 31.5oC while the surface water temperature ranged between 20.0oC and 27.5oC, transparency and turbidity ranged from 12.5cm to 100.0cm and 0.11NTU to 53.08 NTU, the water was moderately acidic to moderately alkaline with a range of 5.4 to 8.1 while the total alkalinity values ranged between 6.1mgl-1 and 183mgl-1. The conductivity values ranged from 23.3μScm-1 to 116.5μScm-1 while total dissolved solids which followed the same spatial variation trend, ranged between 14.48mgl-1 and 66.4mgl-1. There was a clear seasonal variation in both conductivity and total dissolved solids; values increased from dry season to rainy season. With regard to ground water, the averages for thePhysio-chemical characteristics for Edo South area are as follows; Chloride 0.057, Hardness CaCO3 11.33, Iron 0.057, Magnesium 4.36, pH 5.55, Sulphate 5.6, TDS 6.03, Zinc 0.091, Lead, Cadmium, Mercury and Ammonium averages zero. pH, Magnesium and Iron on the average have values that exceed the limit for consumption and as such the water analysis of borehole water for Benin City area needs mild treatment to become fit for drinking ((Iyasele and Idiata, 2012). Table 3.1 presents some specific baseline information in Edo South Intervention Corridors

Table 3.1. Edo South Intervention Corridor Baseline Information Edo South Senatorial District

Lot 1; Sapele Road (Santana market to Bibi petrol station Environmental/Social issues Remarks Road conditions (paved/unpaved) The roads are all paved, and very easy to clean Road sidewalks There are no sidewalks but buildings observe setbacks. Drainage condition (curbed/guttering) Drainages are all concrete type but open. Drainage might need to be covered at some points to prevent falling into it by pedestrians Condition of drop inlets of drainage Drop inlets are clear and okay it may however be blocked by filths Street lights are on dedicated poles on the road divide Land use types Residential The land use is largely residential Commercial Kiosks and groceries may be disturbed by dust from road cleaning Institutional Worship centers/hospitals, etc

Lot 2 #1:Okhoro Road: (New Lagos road to Ofumwegbe street) Environmental/Social issues Remarks Road conditions (paved/unpaved) The roads are all paved, some parts are eroding Road sidewalks The sidewalks are not good enough 12

SEEFOR Intervention Works, Edo State

Drainage condition (curbed/guttering) Drainages are open, deep and all concrete types. Unpaved adjoining road which will affect the drainage system. Drainage might need to be covered at some points to prevent it from getting silted up easily and will need frequent evacuation/desiltation Condition of drop inlets of drainage Drop inlets are not distinct Condition of bridges/culverts The existing culverts are very good Conditions of street lights Street lights need repairs Land use types Residential The land use is largely residential to the road Commercial Kiosks and groceries may be disturbed by dust from road cleaning Agricultural Few patches of undeveloped area are used for garden Institutional Worship centers/hospitals, etc

Lot 2 #2: Medical Stores Road Benin: (New Lagos road through Universal to Okhoro junction) Medical Store Road Environmental/Social issues Remarks Road conditions (paved/unpaved) The roads are all paved, and very easy to clean Road sidewalks There are no sidewalks. Drainage condition (curbed/guttering) Drainages are all concrete type but open and covered at some points Condition of drop inlets of drainage Drop inlets are clear and okay Conditions of street lights Street lights are on dedicated poles on the road divide Conditions of lawns/aesthetics Grasses and aesthetic plants are few Land use types Residential The land use is largely residential to the road Commercial Kiosks and groceries may be disturbed by dust from road cleaning Agricultural Few patches of undeveloped area are used for garden Institutional Worship centers/hospitals etc

Lot 2 Vegetable Market Road Vegetable Market Road Environmental/Social issues Remarks Road conditions (paved/unpaved) The roads are all paved but cleaning may be tasking Road sidewalks Sidewalks are not wide. Market and shops are too close to the road. Drainage condition (curbed/guttering) Drainages are all concrete covered with slabs Condition of drop inlets of drainage Drop inlets are clear and okay Conditions of street lights Conditions of lawns/aesthetics Land use types Residential The land use is largely residential and commercial Commercial Kiosks and groceries may be disturbed by dust from road cleaning

Lot 2 Golf Course Road Environmental/Social issues Remarks Road conditions (paved/unpaved) The roads are paved, and very clean but with pothole Road sidewalks The sidewalks are built on top of the sealed drainage channels

Condition of drop inlets of drainage Drop inlets are clear and okay Conditions of street lights Street lights are functional and fixed on dedicated poles Conditions of lawns/aesthetics Grasses and aesthetic plants are cute Street light Land use types Residential The land use is largely residential to the road Commercial Kiosks and groceries may be disturbed by dust from road cleaning Agricultural Few patches of undeveloped area are used for garden Institutional Worship centers/Golf centre etc

Lot 3 #1: Airport Road (2nd gate to Ogba bridge) Akenzua Road (Airport Road To Plymouth Junction) Environmental/Social issues Remarks Road conditions (paved/unpaved) The roads are paved, and very clean Road sidewalks The sidewalks are built on top of the sealed drainage channels Drainage condition (curbed/guttering) Drainages are all concrete tunnel type. De-siltation will be done by entering or flushing the tunnel. Caution must be taken to adequately kit the workers to enter the tunnels 13

SEEFOR Intervention Works, Edo State

Land use types Residential The land use is largely residential to the road Commercial Kiosks and groceries may be disturbed by dust from road cleaning Agricultural Few patches of undeveloped area are used for garden and Agric Centre Institutional Worship centers/hospitals, Airport etc.

Country Home Road Environmental/Social issues Remarks Road conditions (paved/unpaved) Poor Road sidewalks The sidewalks are built on top of the sealed drainage channels Drainage condition (curbed/guttering) Drainages are all concrete tunnel type. De-siltation will be done by entering or flushing the tunnel. Caution must be taken to adequately kit the workers to enter the tunnels Condition of drop inlets of drainage Drop inlets are clear and okay Conditions of street lights Street lights are functional and fixed on dedicated poles Land use types Residential The land use is largely residential. to the road Commercial Kiosks and groceries may be disturbed by air pollution - dust from road cleaning Agricultural Few patches of undeveloped area are used for garden Institutional Worship centers/hospitals etc.

Lot 3 #4: Igun Street (Sakpoba to 2nd junction) Environmental/Social issues Remarks Road conditions (paved/unpaved) The roads are all paved, and very easy to clean Road sidewalks There are no sidewalks but buildings observe setbacks. Drainage condition (curbed/guttering) Drainages are all concrete type but open. Drainage might need to be covered at some points to prevent falling into it by pedestrians Condition of drop inlets of drainage Drop inlets are clear and okay it may however be blocked by filths Condition of bridges/culverts The existing bridges and culverts are very good Conditions of street lights Street lights are on dedicated poles on the road divide Land use types Residential The land use is largely residential to the road Commercial Kiosks and groceries may be disturbed by dust from road cleaning Agricultural Few patches of undeveloped area are used for garden Institutional Worship centers/hospitals etc. Administrative/government

Lot 4 #1: Wire road (Ibiwe to Uselu junction)` Environmental/Social issues Remarks Road conditions (paved/unpaved) The roads are all paved, and very easy to clean Road sidewalks There are no sidewalks but buildings observe setbacks. Drainage condition Drainages are all concrete type but open. Drainage might need to be (curbed/guttering) covered at some points to prevent falling into it by pedestrians Condition of drop inlets of drainage Drop inlets are clear and okay it may however be blocked by filths Condition of bridges/culverts The existing bridges and culverts are very good Land use types Residential The land use is largely residential to the road Commercial Kiosks and groceries may be disturbed by dust from road cleaning Agricultural Few patches of undeveloped area are used for garden Institutional Worship centers/hospitals etc.

Lot 4 #2: 2nd West Road (Siluko to Textile mill junction) Environmental/Social issues Remarks Road conditions (paved/unpaved) The roads are all paved, and may be very easy to clean Road sidewalks There are sidewalks.

SEEFOR Intervention Works, Edo State

Drainage condition (curbed/guttering) Drainages are all concrete type but open. Drainage might need to be covered at some points to prevent falling into it by pedestrians Condition of drop inlets of drainage Drop inlets are not clear Condition of bridges/culverts Conditions of lawns/aesthetics There no grasses or aesthetic plants Land use types Remarks Residential The land use is largely residential. Commercial Kiosks and groceries may be disturbed by dust from road cleaning Agricultural Few patches of undeveloped area are used for garden Institutional Worship centers/hospitals etc.

Lot 4 #3: Upper Sakpoba Road (3rd junction to Sogeb filling station) Environmental/Social issues Remarks Road conditions (paved/unpaved) The roads are all paved, Road sidewalks No wide sidewalks but buildings observe setbacks. Drainage condition (curbed/guttering) Drainages are all concrete type but open. Condition of drop inlets of drainage Drop inlets are clear and okay it may however be blocked by filths Condition of bridges/culverts Conditions of street lights Street lights are not all functioning Conditions of lawns/aesthetics Land use types Residential The land use is largely residential. to the road Commercial Markets, Kiosks and groceries may be disturbed by dust from road cleaning Agricultural Few patches of undeveloped area are used for garden Institutional Worship centers/hospitals etc. Administrative/government Police station etc.

3.9.2 Edo Central Senatorial District Esan land is bordered to the south by Benin City, to the south-east by Agbor, to the north and east by Etsako, to the west by River Niger. From Ewu to Benin City, the State capital, is 100 km long. No accurate demographic data of the people is available and the various local governments in Esan appear to lack reliable information in this direction. The people populate areas such as Uromi, Ewohimi, Irukpen, Ewatto, Igueben, Irrua, Ubiaja, Ebele, Ekpoma.

It has a flat landscape, lacking in rocks and mountains, and good for agricultural purpose.Uromi stands topmost on the plateau sitting at about 1000 feet above sea level, with the village of Ivue occupying the highest point on the Ishan plateau with about 1,490 feet above sea level.

Geographically, Esanland is on a plateau, surrounded by slopes down to the lower Niger River, the valley and wetland towards Etsako, the Kukuruku Hills and the plain around Benin City the state capital. The tableland though reddish-brown in colour, is a fertile land for farming, which is the main occupation of the Esan people. There is a dense thick forest, nutritionally rich in economic crops and herbal plants. However, it is suffering from bush burning, and wood felling for timber and as a major source of fuel (which is in high demand) for the increasing population of the Esan people.

The SEEFOR intervention areas comprise Lots 5 to 6with selected corridors within Ubiaja and Ekpoma axis. The corridors in these lots are within distinct geographical locations in the state.

Generally, ground water is difficult to access in Esan Land because of the dept which in some location could be as deep as about 180m. Using a study of the ground study in Uromi, Ezomo, Biose and Ajieh (2013) concluded that the analysis of results showed evidences of pollution from both physical and chemical sources. These manifested in the low levels of pH (5.25) and high levels of nitrite (4.44mg/L). It was established that the wells nearer to agricultural farms were more polluted due to incessant use of inorganic fertilizer for crop cultivation than those farther away.

Table 3.2 presents some specific baseline information in Edo Central Senatorial District Intervention Corridors

Table3.2: Edo Central Intervention Corridor Baseline Information Edo Central Senatorial District 15

SEEFOR Intervention Works, Edo State

Lot 5 #1: Ataga road Ubiaja, Environmental/Social issues Remarks Road conditions (paved/unpaved) The road is unpaved, Road sidewalks No sidewalks but buildings observe setbacks. Drainage condition (curbed/guttering) No drainages. Condition of drop inlets of drainage Condition of bridges/culverts Conditions of street lights No Street lights Conditions of lawns/aesthetics No lawns Land use types Remarks Residential The land use is largely residential and undeveloped Agricultural Patches of undeveloped area are used as farms

Lot 5 #2: Uromi-Ubiaja Road (Railway bridge to Ubiaja market) Ubiaja Environmental/Social issues Remarks Road conditions (paved/unpaved) The roads are all paved, Road sidewalks No wide sidewalks but buildings observe setbacks. Drainage condition (curbed/guttering) Drainages are all concrete type but open. Condition of drop inlets of drainage Drop inlets are clear and okay it may however be blocked by filths Condition of bridges/culverts Conditions of street lights Street lights are not all functioning Conditions of lawns/aesthetics Land use types Remarks Residential The land use is largely residential and commercial. Commercial Markets, Kiosks and groceries may be disturbed by dust from road cleaning Institutional Worship centers/hospitals etc. Adminstrative/government

Lot 5 #3: Uromi-Ubiaja Road (Ubiaja market to Angle 90) Ubiaja

Environmental/Social issues Remarks Road conditions (paved/unpaved) The roads are all paved, Road sidewalks No wide sidewalks but buildings observe setbacks. Drainage condition (curbed/guttering) Drainages are all concrete type but open. Condition of drop inlets of drainage Condition of bridges/culverts Conditions of street lights Street lights are not all functioning Conditions of lawns/aesthetics Land use types Remarks Residential The land use is largely residential and commercial. Commercial Markets, Kiosks and groceries may be disturbed by dust from road cleaning Agricultural Few patches of undeveloped area are used as farm Institutional Worship centers/hospitals etc. Administrative/government

Lot 6#1: Compassion Avenue Ekpoma Environmental/Social issues Remarks Road conditions (paved/unpaved) The street is unpaved, and may be dusty to clean Road sidewalks There are no sidewalks but buildings observe setbacks. Drainage condition (curbed/guttering) Drainage might need to be constructed Condition of drop inlets of drainage None Condition of bridges/culverts None Conditions of street lights None Conditions of lawns/aesthetics None Land use types Remarks Residential The land use is mainly residential.

Lot 6#2-5: Anglican Way, Ujoelen Road Extension, Ujoelen Extension; Through Opebho Clinic; Living Soul Church Environmental/Social issues Remarks Road conditions (paved/unpaved) The street is paved Road sidewalks There are no sidewalks but buildings observe setbacks. Drainage condition (curbed/guttering) Drainage available 16

SEEFOR Intervention Works, Edo State

Condition of drop inlets of drainage None Condition of bridges/culverts None Conditions of street lights None Conditions of lawns/aesthetics None Land use types Residential Residential The land use is mainly residential.

Lot 6#6: G2 Road Ekpoma. Environmental/Social issues Remarks Road conditions (paved/unpaved) The street is paved, and clean Road sidewalks There are no sidewalks but buildings observe setbacks. Drainage condition (curbed/guttering) Drainage might need to be constructed Condition of drop inlets of drainage None Condition of bridges/culverts None Conditions of street lights None Conditions of lawns/aesthetics None Land use types Residential The land use is mainly residential. It is a living quatres for important personnel; hence caution needs be taken when cleaning the roads.

Lot 6#7: Eromon Street Ekpoma Environmental/Social issues Remarks Road conditions (paved/unpaved) The street is paved, and clean Road sidewalks There are no sidewalks but buildings observe setbacks. Drainage condition (curbed/guttering) Drainage might need to be constructed Condition of drop inlets of drainage None Condition of bridges/culverts None Conditions of street lights None Conditions of lawns/aesthetics None Land use types Remarks Residential Mainly residential. It is a living quarters; hence caution needs be taken when cleaning the roads.

Lot 6#8: Royal Market road Street Ekpoma Environmental/Social issues Remarks Road conditions (paved/unpaved) The street is paved, and clean Road sidewalks There are no sidewalks but are been cluttered with rubbish from the drainages. Drainage condition (curbed/guttering) Drainage channels need to be freed Condition of drop inlets of drainage Not distinct Condition of bridges/culverts Good Conditions of street lights Not functioning Conditions of lawns/aesthetics None Land use types Remarks Residential The land use is mainly institutional, residential and commercial. It is a living quarters for important personnel; hence caution needs be taken when cleaning the roads.

3.9.3 Edo North Senatorial District Edo North covers the Afemai people which occupy six local government areas of Edo state: Etsako West, with headquarters in Auchi, Etsako Central, Etsako East, Owan East, Owan West and Akoko Edo The Afemais do not have a central traditional ruler, but some of the prominent traditional institutions and rulers in Afemai land are the Okumagbe of WeppaWanno (Agenebode), Ogieneni of Uzairue (Jattu), Aidonogie of south Ibie, Otaru of Auchi, Oba of Agbede, Otaru of Igarra, Oliola of Anegbette, Okumagbe of Iuleha clan etc.

In a study of the ground water resources of Edo North, Iyasele and Idiata (2012), Turbidity, Ammonium, cadmium, chlorine and lead were not present in the samples analyzed. Hardness for all the samples were also within the WHO recommended values of 5mg/l and 100mg/l respectively. Iron levels were higher in 18 samples above the WHO level of 0.01mg/l. findings of borehole samples of Edo North area above it can be said that the followings did not constitute and pollution in the water samples analyzed; Turbidity, 17

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Ammonium, Cadmium, Chlorine, Lead, EC, TDS, Zinc and Total hardness, since they were all within the WHO limit. The microbial analysis shows a small level of contamination of the groundwater from the 20 boreholes water sample from the area under study.

Lots 7 are the Auchi-Jattu road which has been divided into two segments for the purpose of the EDO SEEFOR public works. One segment of this corridor is from Auchi Polytechnic gate up to the junction of Okene-Benin road. The other segment runs from the junction of Okene-Benin road to terminate at Afowa road junction. Lot 8 is the corridors in Igarra and Iyamho. The biophysical parameters are the same for the two lots except for the air quality which may vary. Appendix 3.1 presents the air quality for the two

Table 3.3 presents some specific baseline information in Edo North Senatorial District Intervention Corridors

Table 3.3: Edo North Intervention Corridor Baseline Information Lot 7: Auchi-Jattu road (Okene/Benin road junction to Auchi Polytechnic gate) Auchi, Environmental/Social issues Remarks Road conditions (paved/unpaved) The roads are all paved, and very easy to clean Road sidewalks There are no sidewalks but buildings observe setbacks. Drainage condition (curbed/guttering) Drainages are all concrete type but open. Drainage might need to be covered at some points to prevent falling into it by pedestrians Condition of drop inlets of drainage Drop inlets are clear and okay it may however be blocked by filths Condition of bridges/culverts The existing bridges and culverts are very good Conditions of street lights Street lights are on dedicated poles on the road divide Conditions of lawns/aesthetics None Land use types Remarks Residential The land use is largely residential. to the road Commercial Kiosks and groceries may be disturbed by dust from road cleaning Agricultural Few patches of undeveloped area are used for garden Institutional Worship centers/hospitals etc. Administrative/government Police station/ polytechnic etc.

Lot 7: Auchi-Jattu road (Okene/Benin road junction to Afowa road junction) Auchi, Environmental/Social issues Remarks Road conditions (paved/unpaved) The roads are all paved, and very easy to clean Road sidewalks There are no sidewalks but buildings observe setbacks. Drainage condition (curbed/guttering) Drainages are all concrete type but open. Drainage might need to be covered at some points to prevent falling into it by pedestrians Condition of drop inlets of drainage Drop inlets are clear and okay it may however be blocked by filths Condition of bridges/culverts The existing bridges and culverts are very good Conditions of street lights Street lights are on dedicated poles on the road divide Conditions of lawns/aesthetics None Land use types Remarks Residential The land use is largely residential Commercial Kiosks and groceries may be disturbed by dust from road cleaning Agricultural Few patches of undeveloped area are used for garden Institutional Worship centers/hospitals etc Administrative/government Police station/ polytechnic ets

Lot 8#1: Clem Agba Street Auchi Environmental/Social issues Remarks Road conditions (paved/unpaved) The street is unpaved, dusty and may be difficult to clean Road sidewalks There are no sidewalks but buildings observe setbacks. Drainage condition (curbed/guttering) Drainage might need to be constructed Condition of drop inlets of drainage None Condition of bridges/culverts None Conditions of street lights None Conditions of lawns/aesthetics None Land use types Remarks Residential The land use is mainly residential. It is a living quarters for important personnel; hence caution needs be taken when cleaning the roads.

Lot 8#2: Ashipa Street Igarra, Environmental/Social issues Remarks

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Road conditions (paved/unpaved) The road is unpaved, eroding and slightly difficult to clean Road sidewalks No sidewalks, buildings are too close to the road. Filths from the drainage are heaped up on the road shoulders Drainage condition (curbed/guttering) Drainage is still under construction, if it is not extended will cause flood and erosion to residents down the adjacent streets. Drainage might need to be curbed or covered at some points Condition of drop inlets of drainage No drop inlets; the drainage may be silted up from run offs filths Condition of bridges/culverts The existing culverts is good Conditions of street lights No street lights Conditions of lawns/aesthetics No lawns/ aesthetics plants Land use types Remarks Residential The land use is largely residential. And the buildings are too close to the road Commercial Kiosks and groceries may be disturbed by dust from road cleaning Agricultural A small portion of plantain field growing along a drainage course may not at risk from the civil works

Lot 8#3: Iyamho: Produce Road/Upper Iyamho/Iyamho-Iyora Road/Police Barrack Road Environmental/Social issues Remarks Road conditions (paved/unpaved) The roads are all paved, and very easy to clean Road sidewalks There are no sidewalks but buildings observe setbacks. Drainage condition (curbed/guttering) Drainages are all concrete type but open. Drainage might need to be covered at some points to prevent falling into it by pedestrians Condition of drop inlets of drainage No drop inlets; the drainage may be silted up from run offs filths Condition of bridges/culverts The existing bridges and culverts are very good Conditions of street lights Street lights are on high tension electric poles Conditions of lawns/aesthetics No lawns/ but aesthetics plants exist in some areas Land use types Remarks Residential The land use is largely residential. to the road Commercial Kiosks and groceries may be disturbed by dust from road cleaning

3.10 ENVIRONMENTAL VULNERABILITY No assets were identified to be affected in the course of work along the corridors. However, air quality degradation in terms of dust during the dry season could be an issue of concern especially when sweeping the corridors that are not tarred as the air quality status would be impaired. Nevertheless, adequate mitigation has been suggested to abating impact identified.

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SECTION FOUR: SOCIO-ECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS AND STAKEHOLDERCONSULTATIONS

4.1 Introduction This section focuses on the socio-economic characteristics condition of people living in the project site area. It also present the stakeholders’ consultation held with the stakeholders.

4.2 The People The main ethnic groups in Edo State are: Edos, Afemais, Esans, Owans and AkokoEdos. A lot of communities and indeed the ruling dynasties in all the clans trace their roots to the ancient kingdom of Benin. Virtually all the groups traced their origin to Benin City hence the dialects of the groups vary with their distance from Benin City. The Bini speaking people who occupy seven out of the 18 Local Government Areas of the state constitute 57.54% while others Esan (17.14%) Afemaicompirising of Etsako (12.19%), Owan (7.43%), and Akoko Edo (5.70%). However, the Igbira speaking communities exist in Akoko Edo as well as Urhobos, Izons, Itsekiris communities in Ovia North East and South West Local Government Areas especially in the borderlands. Also, Ika speaking communities exist in Igbanke in Orhionmwon LGA.

4.3 Population The 2006 census Edo State has a population of 3,218,332. The population figure consisted of 1,640,461 males and 1,577,871 females. However, the current population projection of the State is about 5 million. and a population density of 168 persons per square kilometre. The categorization of the urban centres is shown in Table 4.1. 18 or 75% of the urban centres are local government headquarters while 6 or 25% of other centres that evolved as urban due to other factors such as natural increase, agricultural and commercial activities. Table 4.2 shows the population distribution by local government and the number of house hold as at 2006. With respect to distribution of population and household numbers, while it is expected that the capital city would be the most dense, the northern senatorial district appears to be more populated than the central. Table 4.2 further clarifies the distribution including the number of house hold per local government area.

4.4 Settlements: Edo state is made up of several settlements most of which are rural. Like many other settlements in Nigeria, settlements in Edo State are also fast urbanizing. The major urban centres include Benin City, Auchi and Uromi. Other urban settlements, include all local government headquarters, a status that was conferred on them by government. All these settlements are on the priority list of government for settlement development. However, there are medium sized settlements such as Ibillo, Ososo, Jattu, Okpella, lgueben (recently made an LGA headquarter), and Fugar (also an LGA head quarter) that have also received government attention in terms of the provision of social services.

Table 4.1: Urban Centre Categorisation in Edo State Category Urban Centre Remarks First Order Urban Benin City Population >150,000.00 Centre Second Order Urban Uselu, Auchi, Ekpoma&Idogbo population of 51,000- Centres 150,000 people Third Order Urban Irrua, Ubiaja, Igueben, Uromi, Iguobazuwa, 20,000-50,000 people Centres Okada, Ehor, Agenebode, Fugar, Abudu, Igarra, Sabongida-ora, Agbede, Afuze, Ihievbe, Okpella, Ibillo, Otuo

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Table4.2 : Edo State Population Distribution

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4.5 Education Educational institutions abound in Edo State with a high compliment of private and public schools. The highest educational institutions include: four universities, three of which are in Benin and one in Ekpoma; one College of Education at Ekhiadolor, Benin City; The Institute of Continuing Education, Benin City; one Polytechnic at Auchi and the Institute of Physical Education at Afuze.

In Nigeria, Edo State has one of the highest rates of school enrolments (primary and secondary levels) for young adults and adolescents compared to anywhere in Nigeria (76% of boys and 71% of girls are in school). School enrolments for girls are significantly less than for boys (71% of girls in school compared to 76% of boys in school). There is a high dropout rate between the ages of 16 and 19 years, with only 50% school enrolment recorded during this period. This dropout occurs between the primary and secondary levels and also between secondary and tertiary levels.

4.6 Religious Composition Edo State is a multi-religious state. It has a good mix of adherents of Christianity, Islam and Traditional religions. One culturally remarkable thing about religion in the state is that many people, especially the Binis, are very proud of their traditional religion and openly practice it. Traditional religion can be said to be the official religion of the Bini monarchy. To this day the Benin monarch, his Chiefs, Enogies and other traditional titleholders still dress like catholic priests, alongside other varieties of Benin royal dresses.

4.7 Marriage and Family Polygamy is the preferred form of marriage, although in the twentieth century monogamy has come to be favored by some Christians and the educated. Up to 40% of families in Edo State are polygamous. This has unfavourable effects on the sexual and reproductive health of young adults. Indeed, polygamy is associated with high dropout rates from schools and unemployment among youths. High number of unplanned pregnancies with high number ending in abortion (46% of sexually active girls have ever been pregnant, 66.6% of pregnancies are unplanned and 49.6% of these ended in abortions). Descent is reckoned patrilineal in Edo society.

4.8 Socialization and Social Organization In Benin the extended family is the unit of socialization within which the individual learns the necessary social and occupational skills. Babies are cared for by their mothers, grandmothers, and elder sisters.

The basic organizing principle within both the village and the urban ward is the division of the population into age sets. Every three years, boys who reach the age of puberty are initiated into the age grade (iroghae), whose main duties within the village include such tasks as sweeping open spaces, clearing brush, and fetching water. After the age of 25 to 30, they pass into the ighele grade, which executes the decisions made by the senior age set, the edion. The elders are exempt from physical labor and constitute the executive and judicial council of the village, led by an elected senior elder (odionwere). Generally, factors such as the extent of one's Western education and the nature of one's employment—or lack thereof—play a role in determining one's position in the multidimensional system of social stratification.

4.9 Economy Edo State is an agrarian State as depicted in the proportion of land area used for agriculture which plays a critical role in the economy of Edo State. With good vegetation, soil types, adequate rainfall and diverse ecology, over 2 million hectares of land is available for arable cropping. Edo State is also richly endowed with wood and forestry resources. In livestock development, the state has a great potential for commercial production own in the proportion of land area that is forested

4.10 Occupation and Livelihood Farming is the dominant economic activity for both the males and females who are involved in food crop production and in trading which is the second most important source of income. For men, hired labour ranked third, while artisan works ranked fourth. Females regarded artisan works as third most important income source in the community. Ethnically, the people are widely known to be very resourceful, hardworking, sociable, friendly, accommodating and peace loving. They are highly enterprising and are reputed for their farming acumen as the dominant occupation of the people is agriculture. Secondary and tertiary activities such as commerce, industry, social services are also being engaged in the urban area. 22

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4.11 Social and Economic facilities Several social and economic facilities are located, including electricity, industries, health and educational facilities, markets and transportation. However, most of these are located in the local government headquarters which are the major urban centres in Edo State and other few centres some of which are Ibillo, Otuo, Ihievbe, Agbede, and Okpella. Notable infrastructure established especially in local government council’s headquarters includes hospitals, health centres, schools, markets, roads, drainages, electricity and water. The presence of these infrastructures has transformed these centres to become centres of growth and development.

4.12 Infrastructures-Roads Edo State is transversed by a network of Federal (Trunk A and E), State (Trunk B), township and rural earthroads (Edo State, 1999). Consequently, the State is well linked to other parts of the country, particularly Lagos, Abuja, Warri, Onitsha, lbadan, et cetera. Good township roads are found in Benin, Ekpoma, Igarra, Ibillo and Ubiaja; the roads aid intra-settlement movements.

The construction of dual carriage and state of the art roads and the rehabilitation of existing ones are meant to ease the movement and enhance economic activities in every parts of the State. Every part of the State is now easily accessible from Benin City, the State capital.

4.13 Arts and Culture Edo state is a foremost centre for arts, crafts and festivals in Nigeria. Benin City, the State capital is known worldwide as a Famous treasury of works of art. Plaques, masks, etc. Handicrafts like pottery, utility carvings, mats, jewelleries, clothes and iron works are also economically valuable works of arts in the state. The major religions of the people are Christianity, tale Islam and African traditional religion

4.14 Poverty Index In a study of Landscape of Poverty in Nigeria based on the significance of spatial contiguity using Senatorial Districts – level, Edo state spatial association was found to can be decomposed into four components, viz: ■ Senatorial districts with low concentration of poverty with similar neighbours: low-low. – Edo South ■ Senatorial districts with high concentration of poverty with low concentration of poverty neighbours: high-low. Edo Central ■ Senatorial districts with low concentration of poverty with high concentration of poverty neighbours: low-high. Edo North

4.15 Health Services The state's health care delivery system comprises three Teaching Hospitals (two in Benin City and one in Irrua), government hospitals, maternity centres and dispensaries. Notable private hospitals in Edo State are Osula and Ekpen in Benin City, Nazareth in Fugar, Faith and Notre Dame in Jattu in Etsako and Alafia Clinic in Igarra, Auchi and Ibillo

4.16 Medicine The Edo distinguish between common and serious illnesses. The former can be treated at home or by Western-trained doctors; the latter must be treated by specialists in traditional medicine, whether priests or diviner/healers. Serious illnesses (childhood convulsions, smallpox, etc.) are believed to be caused by witches or by deities angered over the violation of a taboo. Traditional medical practice centers around belief in osun, the power inherent in leaves and herbs that grow in the bush. Most adults have a basic knowledge of herbalism, which helps them to care for their immediate families, but there are also specialists, both priests and diviner/herbalists, who treat a variety of illnesses. Edo today distinguish between "White man's medicine," for the treatment of diseases such as measles, and "Edo medicine," which is still used for problems such as barrenness or illness created by witches.

4.17 Public Opinion - Responses Survey Instrument (Questionnaire)

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In order to create awareness and elicit comments on the proposed intervention work from the nearest would-be affected persons and other stakeholders beyond the Focused Group Discussion that was held, an administration of structured questionnaires and oral interviews of persons were carried out in the various zones. A sample-size of 300 respondents (120 in Edo South, 80 in Edo Central and 100 in Edo North) were randomly selected to represent the situation in according to the Senatorial Districts.

4.17.1 Age, Sex and number of Children of Respondents Fig.4.1 depicts the age distribution of the respondents. It reveals that (30%) of the respondents were within the age bracket of 36 to 45 years broken, 26-35 years old bracket accounted for 18%and the elderly respondents in the corridors (56 to 65 and 46 to 55years old) were 17%. The age bracket of 18-25 years old of the respondents were 8% while underage (legal age) of less than 18 years old were 8% while there was none above 65 years of age.

Fig. 4.2 shows that majority of the respondents, 59%represented the males sampled while the remainder (41%) was males. About 78% were married while 22% were still single. Figure 4.3 reveals that 23% of the respondents have 3-4 children while 9% have 5-6 children, 11% of them have above six children and 15% have 1-2 children while 2% have none.

Fig. 4.1: Age of respondents (years)

Fig. 4.2: Marital status Fig. 4.3: No of children of respondents

4.17.2 Average Income of Respondents According to Figure 4.4, 31.58% of the respondents earning below 15,000, while 26.32% of them earn between 15,000 and 30,000.28.95% of the respondents are average income earners, earning between 30,001 and 60,000. The High income earners i.e. >60,000 are 13.16%.

4.17.3 Awareness of the Proposed Intervention Project The response gotten from the respondents towards the awareness of the proposed intervention is significantly loud with 83% of the respondents in the area agreed to the response of being aware of the proposed intervention site, while 17% of the respondents claimed not to have any idea on the intervention projects within their zones but all gave their view positively on the encouragement of the proposed intervention project.

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Fig. 4.4: Average Income of Respondents

Fig 4.5: Proposed project Awareness among Respondents

4.17.4 Risk of Health Problem as a result of the Intervention Work Majority (98%) of the respondent are of the opinion that they are not at risk of any health problem as regards the intervention work. The remaining 2% are not sure or feels they are at risk of health problems

4.18 Stakeholders Consultations The consultation carried out in the course of the preparation of this ESMP dovetail that has already been initiated and established by EDO SEEFOR which, as the case may be, EDO SEEFOR routinely carries out in the various project zones.

It is recognised that one key factor that exists in all successful approaches to project development and implementation is participation by relevant stakeholders. The more direct involvement of the local level people in the planning and management processes, the greater the likelihood that resource use and protection problems will be solved as well as the likelihood of development opportunities occurring in a balanced way and to the broad benefit of all communities in the project.

Thus Community Participation was considered in the entire process as a fundamental tool for: managing two-way communication between the project proponent and the public, building understanding and improving decision-making by actively involving relevant stakeholders, especially the project affected persons groups and organizations with a stake and reducing the likelihood for conflicts

4.18.1 The Objectives of Community Consultations 1. Canvass the inputs, views and concerns; and take account of the information and views of the public in the project design and in decision making. 2. Obtain local and traditional knowledge that may be useful for decision-making; 3. Facilitate consideration of alternatives, mitigation measures and trade offs; 4. Ensure that important impacts are not overlooked and benefits maximized; 5. Reduce conflict through the early identification of contentious issues; 6. Provide an opportunity for the public to influence the designs and implementation in a positive manner; 7. Improve transparency and accountability in decision-making; and 8. Increase public confidence in the project. 25

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4.18.2 The Stakeholders Consulted and their Concerns The key stakeholders identified and consulted in the project zones include leaders in the communities, individual people who own properties that will be directly or indirectly affected and business owners, etc. A list of those that had been met is shown in Appendix 4.1 and their issues discussed. Plate 4.1 shows Some Relevant Stakeholders met during the consultations.

At the meeting the overview of the proposed project and appreciation of ESMP were presented. Furthermore, the challenges that could impede the implementation of the project and the support needed from all parties to ensure effective project and successful implementation were also told to the stakeholders. A summary of the issues/comments raised by the various stakeholders and how the issues were/are addressed at the meetings or by the Project are highlighted in Box 4.1.

Box 4.1: A summary of the Outcome of the Consultation Meetings Issues/Comments Raised by Communities Response/How Addressed Benin  EDO SEEFOR is happy to have everyone’s support as the  We are very happy to see the project come project is for the common good of everyone, especially those out successful as we shall cooperate and that transverse the corridors. support the successful execution of the  This stakeholder meeting and others being conducted are project. geared towards eliciting the people’s opinion in order to enrich  Opinions of the people must be made to the entire process of SEEFOR in her project execution. count by utilizing information/suggestion Everyone’s opinion counts. provided  Arrangement has been made with the Waste management  Waste hardly evacuated authority in the State to remove waste gathered immediately by  The security of our staff especially in Benin SEEFOR workers due to the attitudes of miscreant/hoodlums  SEEFOR is geared towards also assisting people with such is of concern to us who wake very early in attitudes by providing them meaningful jobs. Encourage such the morning to work. individuals to get in touch with SEEFOR office.  No names were selected from the list we  Some of the names were not selected because this SEEFOR submitted as requested of us by EDO job is not meant for graduates but for those school dropouts, SEEFOR primary and secondary leavers but you provided the names of  There is poor level of awareness of the graduates. activities of SEEFOR in the State  Awareness campaign on SEEFOR activities shall be heightened  We risk accidents from high speeding as this is one of the major areas of budget votes for the project. vehicles  The ESMP shall provide mitigation measures for a number of  We are given PPE; however the jackets the socio-environmental issues raised. should be reflective. The nose mask that is  Contractors shall be made to comply with the provision of appropriate should be given to us the adequate PPEs to the workers workers  The need to get everyone involved in the project planning and  SEEFOR hardly involve us the CDA in their management informed inviting all including the CDAs. We thank activities. We are happy that we are invited you for honouring the invitation. For support meetings and for this stakeholder meetings indeed to ensure support from every community of intervention, the CDA shall be made to be part of the monitoring team Ekpoma  We are happy to see this type of  It is supported by the World Bank and there are three others development in our place. states involved. The idea is to create jobs for youths and take  We want more roads to be done them away from the streets and mischief  It is surprising and gratifying to know that  This is the first phase of the programme even the government activity as small as  With the Bank supporting it, government must adhere to best street sweeping is taking on environmental practice even in seemingly little things management and social plan  Arrangement has been made with Edo State Waste  We need the waste to be evacuated Management Board to evacuate this immediately as they are frequently gathered  We also need people to be fully aware what  Awareness communication is one of the major activities of the SEEFOR is all about and what it is SEEFOR project and so shall be embarked on shortly. doing in the communities as some of us do  To ensure opportunities are created for women , even mothers 26

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not know. with babies, a crèche-like facility shall be provided for the hours  Some women carry their babies on their their mothers work back to work, is this allowed? Auchi  We are happy with the project as some of the youths have gained employment with  Yes, the project is meant to handle this. this. It will be appreciated if the scope could  Certainly and reflective jackets are very necessary to work on be expanded to take more of our youths off the road. This shall be reemphasized in the report the streets.  Contractors shall be sanctioned were they fail to provide signs  We need signs and reflective jackets for the and PPEs for their workers. workers  Arrangement has been made with the Waste management  Waste should be evacuated immediately authority in the State to remove waste gathered immediately after sweeping. The waste ends up in the drains or little streets that have been swept

Auchi Benin Ekpoma Plates 4.1: Some of the Communities Present During the Stakeholders Meeting

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SECTION FIVE: ASSESSMENT OF POTENTIAL ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL ADVERSE IMPACTS AND ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES

5.1 Introduction This Section contains a summary of the impacts that are likely to result from the intervention work as a result of the interaction between the project components and the environmental elements. The method employed for impact identification and evaluation is also given in this Section.

5.2 Impact Identification and Evaluation The identification and management of impacts associated with work activities were based on a risk assessment method which involves:  Identification of intervention activities that may interact with the site environment.  Implementing controls to reduce the risk of impacts.  Monitoring the effectiveness of the controls.

The key activities of the proposed intervention work were identified and then interacted through the pathways (or events) that may cause impacts on the environment. The associated potential impacts where then identified and listed. The risk of the impacts occurring was analysed by determining the consequence severity of the impacts and the likelihood of consequences occurring. The severity of the consequences was determined using a Consequence Severity Table and the likelihood of an impact resulting from a pathway was determined with a Likelihood Ranking Table and then the level of risk was determined using a Risk Matrix (Table 5.1).

To prevent or minimise the impacts, controls were placed on the pathways in this order of priority:  Elimination of the activity.  Substitution with a lower risk activity.  Best solutions (engineering and administrative) to reduce the impact of the event and/or control the activity.  Clean up or remediation measures to mitigate impacts after an event.

Table 5.1: Consequence Severity, Likelihood Ranking & Risk Matrix Tables Consequence Severity Table Level Consequence 1 Insignificant No detectable impact to the existing environment 2 Minor Short term or localized impact 3 Moderate Prolonged but recoverable impact on the environment and commercial industries 4 Major Prolonged impact to the environment which may not be recoverable andthreatens an ecological community, the conservation of species or the sustained viability of commercial industries. 5 Catastrophic Non-recoverable change to existing environment leading to loss of endangered species or creation of human health risk. Likelihood Ranking Table Level Likelihood A Almost The incident is expected to occur most of the time (i.e. every time). certain B Likely The incident will probably occur in most circumstances (i.e. regularly, weekly) C Moderate The incident should occur at some time (i.e. quarterly) D Unlikely The incident could occur at some time during the life of the project. E Rare The incident may occur only in exceptional circumstances and may never happen.

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Table 5.1: Consequence Severity, Likelihood Ranking & Risk Matrix Tables, cont’d Risk Matrix Table

Where:  H (High impact) - Senior management involvement and planning needed  S (Significant impact) - Senior management attention needed and careful planning and implementation  M (Moderate) - Impact Management responsibility must be specified  L (Low impact) - Manage by routine procedures.

5.3 Potential Environmental and Social Impacts of the Project 5.3.1 The Project Benefits The project is envisaged to have a range of positive environmental and social impacts. Some of these are a function of the objectives of the project, while others are a function of the way in which the project is designed to meet its objectives.

5.3.2 Negative Environmental and Social Impacts The proposed development unfortunately is also likely to exert adverse impacts on the social and physical environment within which it is executed. These impacts can be divided into short-term construction related impacts and long-term operation unavoidable impacts. The short-term impacts include construction traffic, dust, construction related noise, and disruption of vehicle and pedestrian traffic.

A more project specific potential negative impacts and the level of impacts that could emanate from the projects are summarized in Table 5.2.

5.3.3 Irreversible Environmental Changes The proposed project sites will neither consume nor alter significant land, environmental and socio- cultural resources. The proposed project will not generate other significant demands on natural resources of the immediate or surrounding area nor disturb archaeological sites. Thus no long-term losses of significant resources are anticipated during the intervention works.

5.3.4 Cumulative /Secondary Environmental and Social Impacts Cumulative impacts are changes to the environment that are caused by an activity in combination with other past, present and future human activities. The envisaged cumulative /secondary impacts arising from the intervention works is considered minimal. This is based on the fact that the project area is not located close to any environmental sensitive area or human habitation; there is no known environmental degrading facility close to the project location. Most importantly, the project is an intervention work to rehabilitate devastated environment, per se. Thus, no environmentally disruptive impacts are associated cumulatively. The project plan includes the planting of vegetation which are environmentally supportive.

5.3.5 Environmental justice The intervention activity serves the entire public based on the location. Thus it is not meant for a particular section of the society. The neighbourhood within which the intervention will take place will

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rather be enhanced and not affected negatively by the physical environmental impacts more than other areas.

Table 5.2: Summary of Identified Potential Environmental and Social Impacts across the Corridors Activity Impact Mitigation Measures Road  Air quality degradation (Dust)  Reduce dust by wetting during the dry period, sweeping&  Obstruction of traffic during especially for untarred roads liable to generate dust Earth Road work & risk of accidents to  Provide adequate warning signs such as ‘’men at Maintenance workers by vehicles work’’ /traffic controller during work period  Site incidents and accidents  To ensure opportunities are created for women , such as Trip, slip and fall by even mothers with babies, a crèche-like facility shall workers be provided for the hours their mothers work  Attack of female workers by  Provide appropriate and adequate PPE and HSE hooligans because of coming training for workers out too early and nursing  Schedule female workers around where they live and mothers with babies on their include males as co-workers and created crèche-like back while work facilities nursing mothers for the hours they work.  Waste generation  Work with the Waste Management Board for daily evacuation of the waste , especially early hours of the day when the sweeping have been completed and waste containers should be cleaned and sanitized daily after work to minimize contamination potential and this should be heavily enforced Drainage De-  Obstruction of road shoulders  Work with Waste Management Agency for daily siltation with drainage debris removal of rubbish as soon as they are brought out  Obstruction of traffic during from the drains work & risk of accidents to  Provide adequate warning signs such as ‘’men at workers by vehicles work’’ /traffic controller during work period  Site incidents and accidents  Provide appropriate and adequate PPE and HSE such as Trip, slip and fall by training for workers workers  Ensure workers are fit health-wise/make first aid  Health risk of contamination available and also arrange for prompt transportation with dirt in case of emergency

Lawn  Obstruction of traffic during  Provide adequate warning signs such as ‘’men at maintenance& work & risk of accidents to work’’ /traffic controller during work period Vegetation workers by vehicles  Ensure adequate maintenance of the mowers control  Oil leakage from mowers  Provide cutlasses that are in good shape and sharp  Use of cutlass –ergonomic enough to do the work with ‘”filer” for the blade”  Insect bites  Provide insect repellents and appropriate PPEs during work Street lights  Risk of electrocution  Provide training on Electrical safety Maintenance  Accidents such as fall from  Provide harness for climbing and ensure training heights  Provide adequate warning signs such as ‘’men at  Obstruction of traffic during work’’ /traffic controller during work period work& risk of accidents to workers by vehicles *This Table should be used in conjunction with Table 6.1

5.4 Analysis of Project Alternatives In the context of this ESMP, analysis of project alternatives refers to the performance of the natural and socio-economic resources with or without the project or with or without the implementation of the measures of this ESMP and/or other safeguard instrument considered appropriate.

The need for analysis of project alternatives is based on being able to judge the sustainability in time, as a complement to the evaluation phase of the project, it is considered relevant to establish the behavior of 30

SEEFOR Intervention Works, Edo State the environment into the future. For this purpose, some alternatives are analyzed to evaluate the character, magnitude and time within which alterations are caused over each one of the environmental elements, considering or not the implementation of the ESMP for the project.

For projects of this nature, there are usually a number of viable options that can be considered. These alternatives include: the no project option; delayed project; alternative site/location and project execution option. For this project, analysis of the various alternatives is presented as follows:

5.4.1 No Project Option The no project option implies that the proposed project shall not be executed; hence there is no need to carry out this study. This option though is environmentally friendly; nevertheless, it keeps every user of that road suffering the worsening conditions; In addition, the project is designed to mitigate any negative impacts that may arise during the life of the project.

Therefore, choosing the no project option will mean a loss of preliminary investments made by the project proponents on the project, risk of loss lives and loss of job opportunity to Nigerians. The ‘no project option’ is therefore not considered a viable option.

5.4.2 Delayed Project Option This option implies that the planned project will be delayed until a much later date. Such option is usually taken when conditions are unfavourable to project implementation such as in war situation, or where the host community is deeply resentful of the project. Also, if the prevailing economic climate is not quite favourable to the project, then delayed project option may be feasible. None of these conditions is applicable. Indeed, both the economic and the political environment are most favourably disposed towards the project. Therefore, the implication of delayed project option will mean that all the preliminary work and associated efforts/ costs incurred would have come to nothing. Also, because of inflationary trends, such a delay may result in unanticipated increase in project costs, which may affect the final target from the project. These, and other related problems make impracticable to adopt the delayed option.

5.4.3 Go Ahead Option This option means going ahead with the intervention work. This also entails harkening to professional advice on the most practicable option such as spelt out in this ESMP and other relevant safeguard instruments and/or best practices relating to the execution of the proposed project. This will definitely reassure the road users of their safety. It will also aid in trade and commerce and create employment. The environmental threats from flooding as a result of bad or lack of drainage maintenance will be reduced drastically. This option is therefore considered the most viable and recommended for implementation.

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SECTION SIX: ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MANAGEMENT PLAN

6.1 Introduction In order to ensure that environmental and social management objectives and actions are integrated into the project planning and design based on identified impacts, this Section has been developed. It provides specific description of the impacts identified, mitigation measures as well as the institutional arrangements, i.e. who is responsible for carrying out the mitigating and monitoring measures (for operation, supervision, enforcement, monitoring of implementation, remedial action, financing, reporting and staff training). The ESMP is implemented throughout the project life-cycle.

6.2 Mitigation Measures The mitigation measures are activities aimed at reducing the severity, avoiding or controlling project impacts and where possible enhance environmental quality through the designed alternatives, scheduling or other means. Mitigation measure includes avoidance (alternative action taken to avoid impact), compensatory payment of money or replacement in kind for losses or recreation of lost/damaged habitat.

The measures proposed are specific, measurable, achievable and relevant to the proposed and time based (SMART). The measures also took into account the environmental laws in Nigeria, and internationally and the principles of sustainable development and best available technology. Table 6.1 outlines a summary of the potential impacts associated with the project, together with corresponding mitigation measures and other institutional responsibility.

6.3 Residual Impacts after Mitigation Residual Effects can be considered as those that remain significant following the application of mitigation measures, although they are likely to have been reduced in magnitude as a result of the mitigation measure implemented.

Overall, on balance, with the provision of the proposed mitigation measures as outlined in Table 6.1, the positive impacts of the scheme will considerably outweigh the negative impacts. The public as a whole will benefit from the completion of the scheme.

Once the mitigation measures outlined are implemented, the residual impact of construction and operation on the different elements identified will not be significant.

6.4 Enhancement of Positive Impacts and Reduction/Avoidance of Negative Impacts. A Mechanism for Enhancement of Positive Impacts and Reduction/Avoidance of Negative Impacts has been developed in relation to the  Project Concept and design,  Waste Management Plan  Work Schedule  Weather Conditions  Public Education and Public Relations  Cleaning, Personal Behaviour and Hygiene  Safety and Health  First Aid

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Table 6.1: Environmental and Social Management Plan for the Corridors

EDO SOUTH SENATORAL DISTRICTS Sapele Road (Santana market to Bibi petrol station) Benin City Activities Potential impact Impact Mitigation measures Responsibil Cost (N) Monitoring Monitoring Monitoring rating ities indicators frequency Responsibility 1. Cleaning/  Dust  High  Wet before sweeping Contractor 100,000.00 Air quality Daily SEEFOR Sweeping  Disturbance of  Low  Work before people come round Safeguard people  Low  PPE/work procedure HSE plans Officer  Trip/slip/fall  Moderate  Work at low traffic periods  Traffic obstruction  High  Warning signs/Work when traffic  Worker risk knock is low down by Vehicle 2. Drainage De-  Debris  Moderate  Proper waste disposal plan Contractor 50,000.00 HSE plans Weekly SEEFOR siltation pollution/obstruction  Sensitization awareness on Safeguard  Contamination  High indiscriminate waste disposal Officer Health risk and provision of good PPE  Trip/slip/fall  Low  Certify workers fitness/work  Knock down by  Moderate procedure/PPE Vehicle  Warning signs/work at off peak traffic 3. Street light  Electrocution  Moderate  Provide electrical safety training Contractor 100,000.00 Air quality/ Weekly SEEFOR maintenance  Fall from height  High and ensure use of appropriate HSE plans Safeguard  Obstruction of traffic  Moderate PPE Officer  Knock down by  Moderate  Use harness for heights of Vehicle about 10 meters  Use traffic warning signs such as men at work at about 15metres distance to workers and traffic controllers  Target low traffic time

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Corridor: Okhoro road (New Lagos road to Ofumwegbe) Benin City, Lot: Edo South Senatorial District

Activities Potential impact Impact rating Mitigation measures Responsibili Cost (N) Monitoring Monitoring Monitoring ties indicators frequency 1. Cleaning/  Dust  Moderate  Wet before sweeping Contractors 100,000.00 Air quality/ Daily SEEFOR sweeping  Disturbance of people  Moderate  Work before people come HSE plans Safeguard  Trip/slip/fall  Low round Officer  Traffic obstruction  Moderate  PPE/work procedure  Knock down by Vehicle  High  Work at low traffic periods  Warning signs at about 15metres distance from workers and work when traffic is low 2. Drainage  Debris  High  Proper waste disposal plan Contractors 80,000.00 Absence of Daily SEEFOR De-siltation pollution/obstruction  Low twice weekly sediments Safeguard  Contamination Health  None  HSE training/provide good removed from Officer risk  Low PPE roadside,  Suffocation in drain  High  Identify opportunities for frequency tunnels  High source reduction and reuse  Trip/slip/fall and recycling.  Knock down by Vehicle  Provision and use of PPE by  Construction of kiosks staff on drain line to display  Warning signs at about wares 15metres distance from workers and work when traffic is low 3. Street light  Electrocution  Moderate  Provide electrical safety Contractors 70,000.00 Air quality/ Weekly SEEFOR maintenanc  Knock down by Vehicle  High training and ensure use of HSE plans Safeguard e  Fall from height  Moderate appropriate PPE Officer  Obstruction of traffic  Moderate  Use harness for heights of about 10 meters  Use traffic warning signs such as men at work and traffic controllers  Target low traffic time

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Corridor: Medical Store road (New Lagos road Through Universal to Okhoro junction) Benin City, Lot: Edo South Senatorial District Activities Potential impact Impact Mitigation measures Responsibilit Cost Monitoring Monitoring Monitoring rating y indicators frequency 1. Cleaning/  Dust  High  Wet before sweeping Contractor 100,000.00 Air quality/ Daily SEEFOR sweeping  Disturbance of people  High  Work before people come HSE plans Safeguard (i,e passers-by)  High round Officer  Trip/slip/fall  Moderate  PPE/work procedure  Traffic obstruction  High  Use traffic warning signs  Knock down by such as men at work, Vehicle traffic controller at a distance of 10meters 2. Drainage De-  Debris  High  Evacuate waste once in Contractor 50,000.00 HSE plans Weekly SEEFOR siltation pollution/obstruction  Low three hours during drain Safeguard  Contamination Health  low clearance and two hourly Officer risk  High in the morning during  Suffocation in drain  Moderate sweeping of roads tunnels  Provide HSE training/  Trip/slip/fall good PPE  Knock down by  Use traffic warning signs Vehicle such as men at work and traffic controllers

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Corridor: Bill board to vegetable market. Benin City, Lot: Edo South Senatorial District Activities Potential impact Impact rating Mitigation measures Responsibility Cost Monitoring Monitoring Monitoring indicators frequency

1. Cleaning/  Dust  Moderate  Wet before sweeping Contractor 100,000.00 Air quality/ Daily SEEFOR sweeping  Disturbance of  Low  Work before people HSE plans Safeguard people  Moderate come round Officer  Trip/slip/fall  Moderate  PPE/work procedure  Traffic obstruction  High  Work at low traffic  Knock down by periods Vehicle  Warning signs/Work when traffic is low 2. Drainage De-  Debris  High  Proper waste disposal Contractor 50,000.00 HSE plans Weekly SEEFOR siltation pollution/obstructio  Moderate plan Safeguard n  High  HSE training/provide Officer  Contamination  Moderate good PPE Health risk  High  Certify workers  Suffocation in fitness/work procedure drain tunnels  PPE  Trip/slip/fall  Warning signs/work at  Knock down by off peak traffic Vehicle 3. Lawn  Noise from  Moderate  PPE/Use earplugs Contractor 100,000.00 HSE plans Weekly SEEFOR Maintenance equipment  Moderate  HSE training/work Safeguard  Trip/slip/fall  Moderate procedure Officer  Knock down by  High  PPE/work procedure Vehicles moderate  Work at low traffic  obstruction of periods traffic Warning signs/Work when traffic is low

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Lot 2 #4: Golf Course Road Benin: Activities Potential impact Impact Mitigation measures Responsibility Cost Monitoring Monitoring Monitoring rating indicators frequency 1. Cleaning/  Dust  Moderate  Wet before sweeping Contractor 100,000.00 Air quality/ Daily SEEFOR Sweeping  Disturbance of people  Low  Work before people come round HSE plans Safeguard  Trip/slip/fall  Low  PPE/work procedure Officer,  Traffic obstruction  Moderate  Work at low traffic periods  Knock down by  High  Warning signs at about 15metres Vehicle distance from workers and work when traffic is low 2. Drainage De-  Debris  Moderate  Proper waste disposal plan Contractor 50,000.00 HSE plans Weekly SEEFOR siltation pollution/obstruction  Moderate  HSE training/provide good PPE Safeguard  Contamination Health  High  Certify workers fitness/work Officer risk  Low procedure  Suffocation in drain  High  PPE tunnels  Warning signs/work at off peak  Trip/slip/fall traffic  Knock down by Vehicle 3. Lawn  Noise from equipment  Moderate  PPE/Use earplugs Contractor 50,000.00 HSE plans Weekly SEEFOR Maintenance  Trip/slip/fall  Moderate  HSE training/work procedure Safeguard  Knock down by  High  Warning signs/Work when traffic is Officer Vehicles  moderate low  obstruction of traffic Mowing regularly with a sharp blade at an even height

the previous mowing 4. Street light  Electrocution  Moderate  Use trained worker/provide Contractor 50,000.00 Air quality/ Weekly SEEFOR maintenance  Knock down by  Moderate procedures HSE plans Safeguard Vehicle  Moderate  Warning signs/Work when traffic is Officer  Fall from height  Moderate low  Obstruction of traffic  PPE/Precaution  Work at low traffic periods and train workers on HSE

SEEFOR Intervention Works, Edo State

Corridor: Airport to Ogba Bridge Benin City, Lot: Edo South Senatorial District Activities Potential impact Impact Mitigation measures Responsibilities Cost Monitoring Monitoring Monitoring rating indicators frequency

1. Cleaning/  Disturbance of people  Low  Wet before sweeping Contractors 100,000.00 Air quality/ Daily SEEFOR sweeping  Trip/slip/fall  Low  Work before people come round HSE plans Safeguard  Traffic obstruction and  High  PPE/work procedure. Officer Knock down by Vehicle  Work at low traffic periods and  Dust  Moderate Warning signs/Work when traffic is low.  Training on cultural heritage and natural water protection. 2. Drainage  Debris pollution/obstruction  Moderate  Proper waste disposal plan Contractors 80,000.00 HSE plans Weekly SEEFOR De-  Contamination Health risk  Moderate  HSE training/provide good PPE Safeguard siltation  Suffocation in drain tunnels  High  Certify workers fitness/work Officer  Trip/slip/fall  Low procedure  Knock down by Vehicle  High  Provision and use of PPE by workers  Warning signs at about 15metres distance from workers and work when traffic is low  3. Lawn  Noise from equipment  Moderate  PPE/Use earplugs Contractors 70,000.00 HSE plans Weekly SEEFOR Maintenan  Trip/slip/fall  Moderate  HSE training/work procedure Safeguard ce  Knock down by Vehicles  High  PPE/work procedure Officer  obstruction of traffic  Moderate  Work at low traffic periods  Warning signs/Work when traffic is low 4. Street light  Electrocution  Moderate  Provide electrical safety training and Contractors 100,000.00 Air quality/ Weekly SEEFOR maintenan  Fall from height  High ensure use of appropriate PPE HSE plans Safeguard ce  Obstruction of traffic  Moderate  Use harness for heights of about 10 Officer  Knock down by Vehicle  Moderate meters  Use traffic warning signs such as men at work and traffic controllers  Target low traffic time

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Corridor: Akenzua road (Airport to Plymouth junction) Benin City, Lot: Edo South Senatorial District Activities Potential impact Impact Mitigation measures Responsibiliti Cost Monitoring Monitoring Monitoring rating es indicators frequency 5. Cleaning/  Dust  Moderate  Wet before sweeping Contractors 100,000.00 Air quality/ HSE Daily SEEFOR sweeping  Disturbance of  Low  Work before people come plans Safeguard people  Low round Officer  Trip/slip/fall  Moderate  PPE/work procedure  Traffic obstruction  High  Work at low traffic periods  Knock down by  Warning signs at about Vehicle 15metres distance from workers and work when traffic is low 6. Drainage  Debris  Moderate  Proper waste disposal plan Contractors 50,000.00 HSE plans Weekly SEEFOR De- pollution/obstructi  Sanitization awareness on Safeguard siltation on indiscriminate waste Officer  Contamination  Moderate disposal and provision of Health risk good PPE  Trip/slip/fall  Low  Certify workers fitness/work  Knock down by  High procedure/PPE Vehicle  Warning signs/work at off peak traffic Corridor: Country home road Benin City, Lot: Edo South Senatorial District Activities Potential impact Impact Mitigation measures Responsibiliti Cost Monitoring Monitoring Monitoring rating es indicators frequency 1. Cleaning/  Dust  Moderate  Wet before sweeping Contractors 150,000.00 Air quality/ HSE Daily SEEFOR Sweeping  Disturbance of  Moderate  Work before people come plans Safeguard people  Low round Officer  Trip/slip/fall  Low  PPE/work procedure  Traffic obstruction  Moderate  Work at low traffic periods  Knock down by  Warning signs at about Vehicle 15metres distance from workers and work when traffic is low 2. Drainage  Debris  Moderate  Proper waste disposal plan Contractors 100,000.00 HSE plans Weekly SEEFOR De- pollution/obstructi  Sanitization awareness on Safeguard siltation on indiscriminate waste Officer  Contamination  Moderate disposal and provision of Health risk good PPE  Trip/slip/fall  Low  Certify workers fitness/work  Knock down by procedure/PPE Vehicle  High  Warning signs/work at off peak traffic

SEEFOR Intervention Works, Edo State

Corridor: Igun Street (Sakpoba road to 3rd junction) Benin City, Lot: Edo South Senatorial District Activities Potential impact Impact Mitigation measures Responsibility Cost Monitoring Monitoring Monitoring rating indicators frequency 1. Cleaning/  Dust  High  Wet before sweeping Contractors 150,000.00 Air quality/ Daily SEEFOR sweeping  Disturbance of  High  Work before people come HSE plans Safeguard Officer people  Low round  Trip/slip/fall  High  PPE/work procedure  Traffic obstruction  High  Work at low traffic periods  Knock down by  Warning signs/Work when Vehicle traffic is low 2. Drainage  Debris  High  Proper waste disposal plan Contractors 100,000.00 HSE plans Weekly SEEFOR De- pollution/obstructi  High  HSE training/provide good Safeguard Officer siltation on  None PPE  Contamination  Moderate Health risk  High  Warning signs/work at off  Suffocation in peak traffic drain tunnels  Trip/slip/fall  Knock down by Vehicle Corridor: Wire road (Ibiwe to 5th junction Uselu) Benin City, Lot: Edo South Senatorial District Activities Potential impact Impact Mitigation measures Responsi Cost Monitoring Monitoring Monitoring rating bilities indicators frequency 1. Cleaning/  Dust  High  Wet before sweeping Contracto 50,000.00 Air quality/ Daily SEEFOR sweeping  Disturbance of people  Moderate  Work before people come rs HSE plans Safeguard  Trip/slip/fall  Moderate round Officer  Traffic obstruction  High  PPE/work procedure  Knock down by  High  Work at low traffic periods Vehicle  Warning signs at about 15metres distance from workers and work when traffic is low 2. Drainage De-  Debris  Moderate  Proper waste disposal Contracto 50,000.00 HSE plans Weekly SEEFOR siltation pollution/obstruction  Moderate plan rs Safeguard  Contamination Health  High  HSE training/provide Officer risk  Moderate good PPE  Suffocation in drain  Moderate  Certify workers tunnels fitness/work procedure  Trip/slip/fall  PPE  Knock down by  Warning signs/work at off Vehicle peak traffic

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3. Street light  Electrocution  Moderate  Use trained Contracto 50,000.00 Air quality/ Weekly SEEFOR maintenance  Knock down by  High worker/provide rs HSE plans Safeguard Vehicle  Moderate procedures Officer  Fall from height  Moderate  Warning signs/Work  Obstruction of traffic when traffic is low  PPE/Precaution  Work at low traffic periods Corridor: 2nd West TV road (Siluko to Textile mill junction) Benin City, Lot: Edo South Senatorial District Activities Potential impact Impact rating Mitigation measures Responsibiliti Cost Monitoring Monitoring Monitoring es indicators frequency 1. Cleaning/  Dust  High  Wet before Contractors 50,000.00 Air quality/ Daily SEEFOR sweeping  Disturbance of  Low sweeping HSE plans Safeguard people  Moderate  Work before people Officer  Trip/slip/fall  Moderate come round  Traffic obstruction  High  PPE/work procedure  Knock down by  Work at low traffic Vehicle periods  Warning signs at about 15metres distance from workers and work when traffic is low 2. Drainage De-  Debris  High  Proper waste Contractors 50,000.00 HSE plans Weekly SEEFOR siltation pollution/obstructio  Moderate disposal plan Safeguard n  High  HSE training/provide Officer  Contamination  Moderate good PPE Health risk  High  Certify workers  Suffocation in fitness/work drain tunnels procedure  Trip/slip/fall  PPE  Knock down by  Warning signs/work Vehicle at off peak traffic 3. Street light  Electrocution  Moderate  Use trained Contractors 50,000.00 Air quality/ SEEFOR maintenance  Knock down by  High worker/provide HSE plans Safeguard Vehicle  Moderate procedures Officer  Fall from height  Moderate  Warning signs/Work  Obstruction of when traffic is low traffic  PPE/Precaution  Work at low traffic periods

SEEFOR Intervention Works, Edo State

Corridor: Upper Sakpoba road (3rd junction to Sogeb filling station) Benin City, Lot: Edo South Senatorial District Activities Potential impact Impact Mitigation measures Responsibilities Cost Monitoring Monitoring Monitoring rating indicators frequency 4. Cleaning/  Dust  High  Wet before sweeping Contractors 150,000.00 Air quality/ HSE Daily SEEFOR sweeping  Disturbance of  Low  Work before people plans Safeguard Officer people  Low come round  Trip/slip/fall  Moderate  PPE/work procedure  Traffic obstruction  High  Work at low traffic  Knock down by periods Vehicle  Warning signs at about 15metres distance from workers and work when traffic is low 5. Drainage De-  Debris  High  Proper waste disposal Contractors 100,000.00 HSE plans Weekly SEEFOR siltation pollution/obstruction  High plan twice weekly. Safeguard Officer  Contamination  Low  HSE training/provide Health risk  Moderate good PPE  Suffocation in drain  High  Certify workers tunnels fitness/work  Trip/slip/fall procedure/PPE  Knock down by  Warning signs at Vehicle about 15metres distance from workers and work when traffic is low 6. Street light  Electrocution  Moderate  Trained Contractors 100,000.00 Air quality/ HSE Weekly SEEFOR maintenance  Knock down by  High worker/provide plans Safeguard Officer Vehicle  Moderate procedures  Fall from height  Moderate  Provide warning  Obstruction of traffic signs/target low traffic time  PPE/Precaution  Work at low traffic periods

SEEFOR Intervention Works, Edo State

EDO CENTRAL SENATORAL DISTRICTS Corridor: Atagaroad, Ubiaja, Lot: Edo Central Senatorial District Activities Potential impact Impact Mitigation measures Responsibilities Cost Monitoring Monitorin Monitoring rating indicators g frequency 1. Cleaning/  Dust  High  Wet before sweeping Contractors 150,000.00 Air quality/ HSE Daily SEEFOR sweeping  Disturbance of  Moderat  Work before people come plans Safeguard people e round Officer  Trip/slip/fall  low  PPE/work procedure  Traffic obstruction  High  Work at low traffic periods  Knock down by  High  Warning signs/Work when Vehicle traffic is low Corridor: Market junction to angle 90, Ubiaja, Lot: Edo Central Senatorial District Activities Potential impact Impact Mitigation measures Responsibilities Cost Monitoring Monitoring Monitoring rating indicators frequency 1. Cleaning/  Dust  High  Wet before sweeping Contractors 100,000.0 Air quality/ Daily SEEFOR sweeping  Disturbance of  Moderate  Work before people come round 0 HSE plans Safeguard people  Low  PPE/work procedure Officer  Trip/slip/fall  Moderate  Work at low traffic periods  Traffic obstruction  High  Warning signs at about 15metres  Knock down by distance from workers and work Vehicle when traffic is low 2. Drainage De-  Debris  High  Proper waste disposal plan Contractors 80,000.00 Evacuation of Weekly SEEFOR siltation pollution/obstruction  Low  HSE training/provide good PPE silt removed Safeguard  Contamination  None N/A from drains, Officer Health risk  Low  PPE absence of  Suffocation in drain  High  Warning signs/work at off peak accidents, tunnels traffic HSE plans  Trip/slip/fall  Knock down by Vehicle 3. Street light  Electrocution  Moderate  Use trained worker/provide Contractors 70,000.00 Air quality/ Weekly SEEFOR maintenance  Knock down by  High procedures HSE plans Safeguard Vehicle  Moderate  Warning signs/Work when traffic Officer  Fall from height  Moderate is low  Obstruction of traffic  PPE/Precaution  Work at low traffic periods

SEEFOR Intervention Works, Edo State

Corridor: Railway bridge to market junction, Ubiaja, Lot: Edo Central Senatorial District Activities Potential impact Impact rating Mitigation measures Responsibilities Cost Monitoring Monitoring Monitoring indicators frequency 1. Cleaning/  Dust  Moderate  Wet before sweeping Contractor 100,000.00 Air quality/ Daily SEEFOR sweeping  Disturbance of people  Low  Work before people come HSE plans Safeguard  Trip/slip/fall  Low round Officer  Traffic obstruction  Moderate  PPE/work procedure  Knock down by Vehicle  High  Work at low traffic periods  Warning signs at about 15metres distance from workers and work when traffic is low 2. Drainage  Debris pollution/obstruction  Moderate  Proper waste disposal plan Contractor 80,000.00 HSE plans Weekly SEEFOR De-  Contamination Health risk  Low  HSE training/provide good PPE Safeguard siltation  Suffocation in drain tunnels  None N/A Officer  Trip/slip/fall  Low  Provision and use of adequate  Knock down by Vehicle  High PPE by workers  Warning signs at about 15metres distance from workers and work when traffic is low Compassion Avenue, Ekpoma, Lot: Edo Central Senatorial District Activities Potential impact Impact rating Mitigation measures Responsi Cost Monitoring Monitoring Monitoring bilities indicators frequency 1. Cleaning/  Dust  High  Wet before sweeping Contracto 100,000.00 Air quality/ Daily SEEFOR sweeping  Disturbance of people  Low  Work before people come round rs HSE plans Safeguard Officer  Trip/slip/fall  Low  Traffic obstruction  Low  Work at low traffic periods  Knock down by  High  Warning signs/Work when traffic is Vehicle low 2. Drainage De-  Debris  Moderate  Proper waste disposal plan Contracto 50,000.00 HSE plans Weekly SEEFOR siltation pollution/obstruction  Low  HSE training/provide good PPE rs Safeguard Officer  Contamination Health  None N/A risk  Low  PPE  Suffocation in drain  High Warning signs/work at off peak tunnels traffic  Trip/slip/fall  Knock down by Vehicle

SEEFOR Intervention Works, Edo State

Ujoelen extension Opebho clinic, Ekpoma, Lot: Edo Central Senatorial District

Activities Potential impact Impact rating Mitigation measures Responsibiliti Cost Monitoring Monitoring Monitoring es indicators frequency 1. Cleaning/  Dust  Moderate  Wet before sweeping Contractors 100,000.00 Air quality/ Daily SEEFOR sweeping  Disturbance of people  Moderate  Work before people HSE plans Safeguard  Trip/slip/fall  Low come round Officer  Traffic obstruction  Low  PPE/work procedure  Knock down by  High  Work at low traffic Vehicle periods  Warning signs/Work when traffic is low 2. Drainage De-  Debris  Moderate  Proper waste disposal Contractors 50,000.00 HSE plans Weekly SEEFOR siltation pollution/obstruction  Low plan Safeguard  Contamination Health  None  HSE training/provide Officer risk  Low good PPE  Suffocation in drain  Low N/A tunnels  PPE  Trip/slip/fall  Warning signs/work at  Knock down by off peak traffic Vehicle Anglican way Ekpoma, Lot: Edo Central Senatorial District Activities Potential impact Impact rating Mitigation measures Responsibilities Cost Monitoring Monitoring Monitoring indicators frequency 1. Cleaning/  Dust  Moderate  Wet before sweeping Contractor 100,000.00 Air quality/ Daily SEEFOR sweeping  Disturbance of people  Low  Work before people HSE plans Safeguard  Trip/slip/fall  low come round Officer  Traffic obstruction  low  PPE/work procedure  Knock down by Vehicle  High  Work at low traffic periods  Warning signs/Work when traffic is low 2. Drainage  Debris  High  Proper waste disposal Contractor 50,000.00 HSE plans Weekly SEEFOR De-siltation pollution/obstruction  Moderate plan Safeguard  Contamination Health  High  HSE training/provide Officer risk  Low good PPE  Suffocation in drain  High  Check health status of tunnels workers  Trip/slip/fall  PPE  Knock down by Vehicle  Warning signs/work at off peak traffic

SEEFOR Intervention Works, Edo State

Ujoelen extension through living soul church, Ekpoma, Lot: Edo Central Senatorial District Activities Potential impact Impact rating Mitigation measures Responsibilities Cost Monitoring Monitoring Monitoring indicators frequency 1. Cleaning/  Dust  Moderate  Wet before sweeping Contractors 100,000.00 Air quality/ Daily SEEFOR sweeping  Disturbance of people  Moderate  Work before people HSE plans Safeguard  Trip/slip/fall  Low come round Officer  Traffic obstruction  Low  PPE/work procedure  Knock down by Vehicle  High  Work at low traffic periods  Warning signs at about 10metres distance from workers and work when traffic is low 2. Drainage  Debris  Moderate  Proper waste disposal 50,000.00 HSE plans Weekly SEEFOR De-siltation pollution/obstruction  Low plan Safeguard  Contamination Health  None  HSE training/provide Officer risk  Low good PPE  Suffocation in drain  High N/A tunnels  PPE  Trip/slip/fall  Warning signs/work at  Knock down by Vehicle off peak traffic Ujoelen Road, Ekpoma, Lot: Edo Central Senatorial District Activities Potential impact Impact Mitigation measures Responsibilities Cost Monitoring Monitoring Monitoring rating indicators frequency 1. Cleaning/  Dust  Moderate  Wet before sweeping Contractor 100,000.00 Air quality/ Daily SEEFOR sweeping  Disturbance of people  Moderate  Work before people come HSE plans Safeguard  Trip/slip/fall  Low round Officer  Traffic obstruction  Low  PPE/work procedure  Knock down by  High  Work at low traffic periods Vehicle  Warning signs at about 10metres distance from workers and work when traffic is low 2. Drainage  Debris  Moderate  Proper waste disposal plan 50,000.00 HSE plans Weekly SEEFOR De-siltation pollution/obstruction  Low  HSE training/provide good Safeguard  Contamination Health  None PPE Officer risk  Low N/A  Suffocation in drain  High  PPE tunnels  Warning signs/work at off  Trip/slip/fall peak traffic  Knock down by Vehicle

SEEFOR Intervention Works, Edo State

Corridor: G2 road, Ekpoma Lot: Edo Central Senatorial District Activities Potential impact Impact rating Mitigation measures Responsibil Cost Monitoring Monitoring Monitoring ities indicators frequency 1. Cleaning/  Dust  Moderate  Wet before sweeping Contractor 100,000.00 Air quality/ Daily SEEFOR sweeping  Knock down by  High  Work before people HSE plans Safeguard Vehicle  Moderate come round Officer  Trip/slip/fall  High  PPE/work procedure  Traffic obstruction  moderate  Warning signs/Work  Disturbance of people when traffic is low  Work at low traffic period 2. Drainage De-  Debris  High  Proper waste disposal Contractor 50,000.00 Air quality/ Weekly SEEFOR siltation pollution/obstruction  Moderate plan HSE plans Safeguard  Contamination Health  High  HSE training/provide Officer risk  Low good PPE  Suffocation in drain  High  Check health status of tunnels workers  Trip/slip/fall  PPE  Knock down by  Warning signs/work at Vehicle off peak traffic Corridor: Eromon street, Ekpoma Lot: Edo Central Senatorial District Activities Potential impact Impact rating Mitigation measures Responsibilities Cost Monitoring Monitoring Monitoring indicators frequency 1. Cleaning/  Dust  Moderate  Wet before sweeping Contractor 100,000.00 Air quality/ HSE Daily SEEFOR sweeping  Knock down by  High  Work before people come plans Safeguard Vehicle  Moderate round Officer  Trip/slip/fall  Low  PPE/work procedure  Traffic obstruction  Low  Warning signs/Work when  Disturbance of traffic is low people  Work at low traffic periods 2. Drainage De-  Debris  High  Proper waste disposal plan 50,000.00 Air quality/ HSE SEEFOR siltation pollution/obstruction  low  HSE training/provide good plans Safeguard  Contamination  non PPE Officer Health risk  Low  Suffocation in drain  High  PPE tunnels  Warning signs/work at off  Trip/slip/fall peak traffic  Knock down by Vehicle

SEEFOR Intervention Works, Edo State

Royal market road, Ekpoma, Lot: Edo Central Senatorial District Activities Potential impact Impact Mitigation measures Responsibilities Cost Monitoring Monitoring Monitoring rating indicators frequency 2. Cleaning/  Dust  High  Wet before sweeping Contractor 150,000.00 Air quality/ Daily SEEFOR sweeping  Disturbance of  High  Work before people HSE plans Safeguard people  low come round Officer  Trip/slip/fall  High  PPE/work procedure  Traffic obstruction  High  Work at low traffic  Knock down by periods Vehicle  Warning signs at about 15metres distance from workers and work when traffic is low 3. Street light  Electrocution  Moderate  Use trained Contractor 120,000.00 Air quality/ Weekly SEEFOR maintenance  Knock down by  High worker/provide HSE plans Safeguard Vehicle  Moderate procedures Officer  Fall from height  Moderate  Warning signs/Work  Obstruction of traffic when traffic is low  PPE/Precaution  Work at low traffic periods

Edo North Senatorial District Corridor: Clem Agba Street. Lot 7, Edo North Senatorial District

Activities Potential Impacts Impact Mitigation Measures Responsibi Cost Monitoring Monitor Monitoring Rating lities Indicators frequency Cleaning/  Dust (sweeping)  High  Wet before sweeping, Contractor 80,000.00 Air quality Daily SEEFOR Sweeping  Vehicle knock down  Low provision of and use of Safeguard  Trip/Slip/Fall  Low adequate PPE Officer  Place warning signs at bends  Adequate kitting with PPE

SEEFOR Intervention Works, Edo State

Corridor: Auchi-Jattu road (Polytechnic gate to Okene junction) Lot 7 Edo North Senatorial District Activities Potential Impact Mitigation Measures Responsibilities Cost Monitoring Monitor Monitoring Impacts Rating Indicators frequency Cleaning/  Dust (sweeping)  High  Wet before sweeping, PPE Contractor 100,000.00 Air quality SEEFOR Safeguard Sweeping  Vehicle knock  High  Protect workers (road Officer down  Moderate blocks) Daily  Trip/Slip/Fall  High  Adequate kitting with PPE  Traffic  Work before peak traffic Obstruction periods  Check air quality periodically Drain De-  Vehicle knock  Moderate  Install road blocks/road Contractor 80,000.00 Daily SEEFOR Safeguard siltation down  Moderate signs Incidents no Officer  Trip/Slip/Fall  Moderate  Adequately Kit workers with  Traffic  High PPE Obstruction  Work at off peak (traffic) periods/Ensure debris from the drain are not left on road shoulders to obstruct  Suffocation in traffic sealed drains  Properly kit and train workers who enters the tunnel Lawn  Noise from  Moderate  PPE/Use earplugs Contractor 70,000.00 Daily SEEFOR Safeguard maintenance equipment  Moderate  HSE training/work Incidents no Officer  Trip/slip/fall  High procedure  Knock down by  Moderate  PPE/work procedure Vehicles  Work at low traffic periods  obstruction of  Warning signs/Work when traffic traffic is low Street light  Electrocution  Moderate  Provide PPE/HSE training Contractor 100,000.00 weekly SEEFOR Safeguard maintenance  Vehicle knock  Moderate  Use crane trucks etc. Incidents no Officer down  Moderate  Use crane trucks/ safety  Fall from  Moderate nets etc height  Work at off peak (traffic)  Traffic periods obstruction

SEEFOR Intervention Works, Edo State

Corridor: Auchi-Jattu road (Okene/Abuja road junction to Afowa road junction) Lot 8 Edo North Senatorial District

Activities Potential Impacts Impact Rating Mitigation Measures Responsibilities Cost Monitoring Monitor Monitoring Indicators frequency Cleaning/  Dust (sweeping)  Moderate  Wet before sweeping, PPE Contractors 100,000.00 Air quality Daily SEEFOR Sweeping  Vehicle knock  High  Protect workers (road Safeguard down  Moderate blocks) Officer  Trip/Slip/Fall  Moderate  Adequate kitting with PPE  Displacement of  Work before peak traffic people  High periods  Traffic  Work before people display Obstruction their wares Drain De-  Vehicle knock  Moderate  Road blocks/road signs Contractors 80,000.00 HSE plans Daily SEEFOR siltation down  Moderate  Adequate kitting with PPE Safeguard  Trip/Slip/Fall  Moderate  Work at off peak (traffic) Officer  Traffic periods Obstruction Lawn  Noise from  Moderate  PPE/Use earplugs Contractors 70,000.00 HSE plans weekly SEEFOR maintenanc equipment  Moderate  HSE training/work procedure 90 db at day Safeguard e  Trip/slip/fall  High  PPE/work procedure 50db at night Officer  Knock down by  Moderate  Work at low traffic periods Vehicles  Warning signs/Work when  obstruction of traffic is low traffic Street light  Electrocution  Moderate  Provide PPE/HSE training Contractors 100,000.00 HSE plans weekly SEEFOR maintenanc  Vehicle knock  Moderate  Use crane trucks etc. Safeguard e down  Moderate  Use crane trucks/ safety nets Officer  Fall from height  moderate etc  Traffic obstruction  Work at off peak (traffic) periods Corridor: Upper Iyamho to Iyora road. Lot 8, Edo North Senatorial District

Activities Potential Impact Rating Mitigation Measures Responsibili Cost Monitoring Monitor Monitoring Impacts ties Indicators frequency Cleaning/  Dust (in  Moderate  Wet before sweeping, use PPE Contractor 100,000.00  Air quality/ HSE Daily SEEFOR Sweeping sweeping)  Moderate  Place warning signs at bends plan Safeguard Officer  Vehicle knock  Moderate  Adequate kitting with PPE down  Trip/Slip/Fall

Drain De-  Vehicle knock  Moderate Road blocks/road signs Contractor 80,000.00 HSE plans Daily SEEFOR siltation down  Moderate Adequate kitting with PPE Safeguard Officer  Trip/Slip/Fall  Moderate Work at off peak (traffic) periods  Traffic 65

SEEFOR Intervention Works, Edo State

Obstruction Lawn  Noise from  Moderate  PPE/Use earplugs Contractor 70,000.00 HSE plans weekly SEEFOR maintenanc equipment  Moderate  HSE training/work procedure 90 db at day 50db Safeguard Officer e  Trip/slip/fall  High  PPE/work procedure at night  Knock down  Moderate  Work at low traffic periods by Vehicles  Warning signs/Work when  obstruction of traffic is low traffic Street light  Electrocution  High  Provide PPE/HSE training/work Contractor 100,000.00 HSE plans weekly SEEFOR maintenanc schedules & use experienced Safeguard Officer e hands  Vehicle knock  Moderate  Use warning signs on busy roads down  Moderate  Use adequate PPE/work  Fall from  Moderate schedules height  Work at off peak (traffic)  Traffic periods obstruction Corridor: Police road Iyamho. Lot 8, Edo North Senatorial District

Activities Potential Impacts Impact Mitigation Measures Responsibilities Cost Monitoring Monitor Monitoring Rating Indicators frequency Cleaning/  Dust (in sweeping)  Moderat  Wet before sweeping, use Contractor 100,000.00  Air quality/ Daily SEEFOR Sweeping  Vehicle knock e PPE HSE plan Safeguard down  Moderate  P lace warning signs at Officer  Trip/Slip/Fall  Moderate bends  Adequate kitting with PPE

Drain De-  Vehicle knock  Moderate Road blocks/road signs Contractor 80,000.00 HSE plans Daily SEEFOR siltation down  Moderate Adequate kitting with PPE Safeguard  Trip/Slip/Fall  Moderate Work at off peak (traffic) Officer  Traffic periods Obstruction Lawn  Noise from  Moderate  PPE/Use earplugs Contractor 70,000.00 HSE plans weekly SEEFOR maintenance equipment  Moderate  HSE training/work 90 db at day Safeguard  Trip/slip/fall  High procedure 50db at night Officer  Knock down by  Moderate  PPE/work procedure Vehicles  Work at low traffic periods  obstruction of  Warning signs/Work when traffic traffic is low Street light  Electrocution  High  Provide PPE/HSE training Contractor 100,000.00 HSE plans weekly SEEFOR maintenance use experienced Safeguard workers/provide work Officer  Vehicle knock  Moderate schedules 66

SEEFOR Intervention Works, Edo State

down  Use warning signs  Moderate  Fall from height  moderate  Traffic obstruction  Use adequate PPE  Work at off peak (traffic) periods

Corridor: Produce road Iyamho. Lot 8, Edo North Senatorial District

Activities Potential Impacts Impact Mitigation Measures Responsibilit Cost Monitoring Monitor Monitoring Rating ies Indicators frequency Cleaning/  Dust (in sweeping)  Moderat  Wet before sweeping, use PPE Contractor 100,000.00  Air quality/ HSE Daily SEEFOR Sweeping  Vehicle knock down e  P lace warning signs at bends plan Safeguard  Trip/Slip/Fall  Moderat  Adequate kitting with PPE Officer e  Moderate Drain De-  Vehicle knock down  Moderate Road blocks/road signs Contractor 70,000.00 HSE plans Daily SEEFOR siltation  Trip/Slip/Fall  Moderate Adequate kitting with PPE Safeguard  Traffic Obstruction  Moderate Work at off peak (traffic) periods Officer Street light  Electrocution  High  Provide PPE/HSE training/work Contractor 100,000.00 HSE plans weekly SEEFOR maintenanc schedules & use experienced Safeguard e hands Officer  Vehicle knock down  Moderate  Use warning signs on busy roads

 Fall from height  Moderate  Use adequate PPE/work  Traffic obstruction  moderate schedules  Work at off peak (traffic) periods Corridor: Ashipa street, Igarra. Lot 8, Edo North Senatorial District

Activities Potential Impacts Impact Mitigation Measures Responsib Cost Monitoring Monitor Monitoring Rating ilities Indicators frequency Cleaning/  Dust (sweeping)  High  Wet before sweeping, PPE Contractor 100,000.00  Baseline data Daily SEEFOR Sweeping  Vehicle knock down  Moderate  P lace warning signs at bends on Air quality Safeguard  Trip/Slip/Fall  Low  Adequate kitting with PPE  HSE plan Officer  HSE training

Drain  Falling into open drainage  Moderate  Place appropriate cross over slabs based on Contractor 50,000.00  HSE plan Weekly Monthly SEEFOR De-siltation channel  Low the engineers specifications for pedestrians in Safeguard Officer  Obstruction of sidewalks with  Low areas of heavy human traffic debris from the channel  High  Remove debris every other day  Vehicle knock down  Place road signs while working  Run off from the newly  Extension of drainage to channel its constructed drainage will discharges to the nearby stream create residual impact of flooding and erosion to houses down Ashipa street

SEEFOR Intervention Works, Edo State

6.5 Environmental Monitoring and Auditing In order to effectively and efficiently implement this ESMP, a system for monitoring and auditing has been built into the overall management plan. Monitoring and auditing assist in the examination of management, employee knowledge, programme responsibilities, records & effectiveness

Specifically, this shall help to:  Improve environmental and social management practices;  Check the efficiency and quality of the environmental management processes;  Establish the scientific reliability and credibility of the ESMP for the project and  Provide the opportunity to report the results on safeguards and impacts and proposed mitigation measures implementation.

6.6 Environmental Monitoring The Environmental monitoring activities shall be based on direct or indirect indicators of emissions, effluents, and resource use applicable to the intervention works. Monitoring frequency shall be sufficient to provide representative data for the parameter being monitored. Monitoring shall be conducted by trained individuals who can carry out the monitoring and record-keeping effectively using properly calibrated and maintained equipment.

6.7 Reporting Procedure The nature of issues to report and manner of reporting are outlined below:

6.7.1 Complaints Register and Environmental Incidents Any environmental or social incidents shall be documented (Appendix 6.2). The report shall be transmitted to the relevant Ministry of Environment and Waste Management Authority or Critical Rescue Agency by the SPCU, where necessary/applicable. The reporting shall be with a view to taking appropriate mitigation measures. All complaints received should be investigated and a response (even if pending further investigation) is to be given to the complainant within 5 days.

The following information must be provided: • Time, date and nature of the incident/report; • Type of communication (e.g. telephone, personal meeting); • Name, house location and contact telephone number of person making the complaint. If this person wishes to remain anonymous then “not identified” is to be recorded; • Details of response and investigation undertaken as a result of the incident/complaint; • Name of person undertaking investigation of the incident/complaint; • Corrective action taken as a result of the incident/complaint.

The report shall be rendered for both internal (in-house) uses all phases of the project for internal and external (public) consumption through the regulators.

SEEFOR Intervention Works, Edo State

Activities & Potential Mitigation Measures Monitoring Budget (N) Impact

Table 6.2: Environmental and Social Monitoring Plan per Lot

SEEFOR Intervention Works, Edo State

Activity Impact Measures Responsibi Indicators Frequen Responsibl lity cy e

Sweeping, Air Quality Wet ground before Contractor Level of Dust Daily safeguard 20,000.00 drainage sweeping and officer de- Use of quality PPE compliance siltation, to PPE Provision lawn and and Use street light maintenan Health & Carry out Hazard Contractor Responsible Before Supervising 50,000.00 ce Safety : Risk of assessment, HSE Start of Engineer/ accidents and provide training in behavior and work and Environment incidents proper work culture & routinely al safeguard (electrocution, procedures and HSE Plan by officer Fall from use of PPEs such Contractor height, trip and as use of harness fall, suffocation in height PPE and in tunnels etc) ensure proper work procedures and

provision and use of appropriate PPEs for given tasks Ground water, Regular Contractor Oil and Weekly Environment 50,000.00 sensitive maintenance e.g. Grease al Specialist habitat and soil mowers and proper contamination storage and by oil/grease handling oils for during lawn equipment maintenance Waste Evacuation Contractor Frequency, Routinely, SEEFOR 100,000.00 Generation Visual Daily Environment Assessment, al Specialist General Aesthetics. Training Execute Contractor Responsible Routinely SEEFOR 143,750.00 HSE behavior and culture. Compliance Socio- Find opinions Contractor/ Questionnair Once in SEEFOR 100,000.00 economics regarding benefit of SEEFOR es, direct two years program in relation observations to generation of and employment, interviews. Lifestyle, state of health and occupational activities, income, gender characteristics, no of women participating Cost of Monitoring per Lot 463,750 Total Budget for Monitoring for 8Lots 3,710,000.0

6.7.2 Record keeping Good records are the paper trail that will prove that this ESMP is working as intended. Keeping records of inspection of maintenance programme for mitigation measures, training programme, etc. will be useful to demonstrate that the ESMP is being complied with or not .The type of records from the various

SEEFOR Intervention Works, Edo State

management and monitoring programmes include: completed forms, checklists and maintenance logs, identified problems and corrective actions undertaken and monitoring data / results

Some other types of records will also be valuable for assisting with the implementation of the ESMP and/or ESMP Review such as: Incident forms (especially pollution incidents and response, accidents, etc.), Internal and external communications regarding the ESMP (e.g. with waste management) and Results of internal or external assessments and compliance visits.

6.8 Grievance Redress Mechanism A localized redress mechanism that takes account of the specific issues, cultural context, local customs and project conditions and scale has been developed. to resolving conflict in the communities use existing traditional methods that are affordable and accessible procedures for redressal of disputes such as: community meetings, elders-in-council, dialogue, council of chiefs, appeals and summons, elders assembly, religious leaders, youth council and women groups. In consultation with the community members, it was generally agreed that this path is a better and best way of resolving conflict in timely manner with and ultimately the police and courts as the last options, as the case may be. This is in line with what is contained in the SEEFOR ESMF, RPF, and PIM.

The community members have been helped to appreciate that there are provisions for addressing complaints or grievances that they could have. The grievance procedure will further be made available to the aggrieved persons through project implementation and shall be strengthened in order to ensure that all comments, suggestions and objections received from the stakeholders are dealt with appropriately and in a timely manner.

6.9 Institutional Arrangements Since one of the main purposes of ESMPs is to establish responsibility for the activities that have to be undertaken, this sub-section details below, institutional arrangements and the roles and responsibilities of the various institutions in the implementation of the ESMP as outlined in Table 6.3.

Table 6.3: Institutional Responsibilities Institution/Personnel Roles & Responsibilities EDO SEEFOR Overall Implementing authority to deliver and supervise the ESMP which includes the mandate to:  Co-ordinate all policies, programmes and actions of all road construction across the States  Ensure the smooth and efficient implementation of the project’s various technical programmes  Cooperate through a Steering Committee that provides guidance to the technical aspects of all project activities;  Maintain and manage all funds effectively and efficiently for the projects  Ensures project activities implemented comply with World Bank Safeguards Policies and other relevant laws in Nigeria By adequate Supervision of the contractors, supervisors and site engineer, training of contractors and workers, monitoring of the implementation of the ESMP etc. by the relevant SPCU officers Edo SEEFOR: Safeguard  Ensure that World Bank Safeguards Policies and other relevant laws in Nigeria are officer complied with.  Ensure that the ESMP is fully implemented by Supervision of the contractors, supervisors and site engineer, training of contractors and workers, monitoring of the implementation of the ESMP, etc. M&E officers  Monitoring and evaluation of project implementation State Ministries of works,  Site assessment and monitoring of works and engineering activities State Government MDAs  Lead role to ensure adherence to this ESMP and applicable standards, environmental Edo State Ministry of and social liability investigations, Monitoring and evaluation process and criteria Environment, Other MDAs  Come in as and when relevant areas or resources under their jurisdiction or management are likely to be affected by or implicated projects such as utility. World Bank  Provision of oversight, capacity building of the proponent as needed.  Provides overall supervision and guidance on implementation of safeguards in the project  Recommend additional measures for strengthening the management framework and 76

SEEFOR Intervention Works, Edo State

Institution/Personnel Roles & Responsibilities implementation performance. Contractor/Supervisors/Sit  Ensure that World Bank Safeguards Policies and other relevant laws in Nigeria are e Engineers complied with on site.  Develop and implement contractors ESMP consonance with project ESMP,  Ensure that workers consistently use PPE, adequate signage's are in place, traffic is managed, waste generated by the project are collected, transported and disposed off at government approved sites for such wastes etc. Local government  Support in monitoring project execution within their domains to ensure compliance with this ESMP and other relevant requirements Local Community  Promote environmental awareness  Assist and Liaise with other stakeholders to ensure proper siting and provision of approval for such sites  Support with provision of necessary infrastructures and engage/ encourage carrying out comprehensive and practical awareness campaign for the proposed projects, amongst the various relevant grass roots interest groups. CDA/CDOs  Ensure Community participation by mobilizing, sensitizing community members and providing third party oversight NGOs/CSOs  Assisting in their respective ways to ensure effective response actions, Conducting scientific researches alongside government groups to evolve and devise sustainable environmental strategies and rehabilitation techniques, Organizing, coordinating and ensuring safe use of volunteers in a response action, and actually identifying where these volunteers can best render services effectively & Providing wide support assistance helpful in management planning, institutional/governance issues and other livelihood related matter, Project impacts and mitigation measure, Awareness campaigns

6.10 Disclosures and Public Consultation Plan All reasonable efforts must be made to disclose/display this ESMP to the public at strategic points within the project’s area of influence so as to allow all stakeholders read and understand how they stand to be affected by the project. It should also be disclosed at the Ministry of Environment and the World Bank Info Shop by the SPCU.

A key element of sustaining stakeholders’ support in any project execution is to consult and communicate with the stakeholders effectively and to engage them as early as possible with the project which has been done in the course of preparation of the intervention work and further enhanced during the preparation of this ESMP. Like any other business function, stakeholder engagement needs to be managed and driven by a well-defined strategy. Table 6.4 provides a Summary of the stakeholder engagement plan.

Table 6.4: Summary of the Planned Stakeholder Engagement Schedule by SPCU Activity Stakeholders / Community Frequency / Timeline based on Needs Project email, postal address and All stakeholders Once-off establishment contact details Fact Sheet and FAQ sheets All stakeholders As required, subject to any updates on the Project Briefings State Government , Local As required, subject to the approvals Government, Site committee, World process Bank Newsletters, Media and All stakeholders As required, subject to any updates on Advertising the Project Site tours Regulators, Site Committee, As required community, World Bank, etc. Personal meetings Targeted stakeholders As required Community Sessions Residents of affected areas/ As required, subject to approvals route Community and interest groups and feedback from the community

Develop and disseminate All stakeholders As required, subject to any updates on Feedback and Complaints the Project Mechanism and communications procedures 77

SEEFOR Intervention Works, Edo State

Activity Stakeholders / Community Frequency / Timeline based on Needs Briefings, Site Tours and Government authorities, Local Prior to Work Plan approval Community Sessions - for communities, • Additional relevant development of the Rehabilitation stakeholders and Closure Plan Advertising / media release All stakeholders Regular (update on milestones) Operations Ongoing community liaison Local community Ongoing Project updates All stakeholders Monthly (last working day)

Responding to issues and All stakeholders Ongoing / as required inquiries as per Feedback and Complaints Mechanism Annual reporting All stakeholders Annually Budget to be determined based on profile of stakeholders, 30,000.00/Lot/Quarter = (30,000 x 8 x 4) duration, location and size (a provisionary sum is provided) = N960,000.00

6.11 Institutional Capacity Building & Training Based on the field assessment, to enhance the respective roles and collaboration of the relevant stakeholders, the following broad areas for capacity building have been identified as deserving of attention for effective implementation of the ESMP.

Specific areas for effective institutional capacity needs are given in Table 6.5. Table 6.5: Training Modules on Environment and Social Management for the Entire Lots Program Description Participants& Form Of Duration/Loc Training Conducting Cost (N) me Location Training ation Agency Module 1  ESMP and its Engineer, Lecture and ½ Working SEEFOR Safeguard 300,000.00 integrationin project Contractors/MOE, Field Visit Day Specialist& ESMP execution and other relevant Preparation  Pollution Monitoring MDAs in SEEFOR Consultant during operation Office Benin  WasteManagement and Need for PPE and adherence to the use. Module 2  Relevance and Use of Contractors & Lecture and ½ Working SEEFOR Safeguard 200,000.00 PPE workers in the field at Field Visit Day Specialist /External  First Aid management various lots Agency engaged  Managing security issues Module 3  Electrical Safety & use of Workers in light Lecture Two hours External Agency 250,000.00 harnesses maintenance at lecture +SEEFOR Safeguard senatorial district Specialist Module 4 Contractors – Lecture Two hours SEEFOR Safeguard 250,000.00  Waste management, Supervisors lecture Specialist cleaning and sanitizing &Workers in each lot Personal Hygiene and Sanitation Module 5  Monitoring and reporting Engineers, MoE, & Lecture and ½ Working SEEFOR Safeguard 150,000.00 system relevant MDAs, Field Visit Day & M and E  Community Participatory Community Specialists /External Monitoring and leaders/CDOs/NGOs Agency engaged Evaluation at each Senatorial District TOTAL 1,150,000.00

6.12 Review and Revision of the ESMP As the need arises, this ESMP may be reviewed and updated to reflect the current information about the sites should changes that are considered significant, environmentally speaking, occur since this first version. The changes could be in the project description or new requirements/legislation coming into effect in the course of the project execution. 78

SEEFOR Intervention Works, Edo State

Any changes to the ESMP need to be reflected in the information in the ESMP about the site, pollution controls and/or programmes and systems. Each of these will therefore also need to be updated. A copy of the revised version will be sent to relevant regulatory authorities as the case maybe.

6.13 ESMP Budget and Schedule of Work To effectively implement the environmental and social management measures, necessary budgetary provisions has been made for this ESMP which includes the environmental management costs other than the good engineering practices, cost of environmental and resettlement monitoring. All administrative costs for implementing the ESMP shall be budgeted for as part of the project costing. The cost of each measure has been included and included in the overall ESMP budget which is estimated at N14,278,000.00 (Fourteen Million, Two Hundred and Seventy Eight Thousand Naira only) (Table 6.6).

The key elements of the implementation schedule are also shown as provided in Table 6.7.

Table 6.6: Budget and Schedule of Work S/No Element Responsible No of Lot Rate Per Lot N 1 Mitigation SPCU ESSO, 8 6,520,000.00 Measures Contractor, MH, MOE & MOW

2 Stakeholder SPCU 8 50,000.00/Quarter 1,600,000.00 Engagement Plan 3 Monitoring Contractors/Site 8 463,750.00/Year 3,710,000.00 Committee members/SPCU 4 Training SPCUSPCU , 8 143,750.00/Year 1,150,000.00 Contractor/HSE Officer, consultant, management Sub-total 12,980,000.00

10% contingency 1,298,000.00 Grand total 14,278,000.00

Table 6.7: ESMP Budget and Implementation Schedule S/N Activity Description Responsible Operation (Month) 1 2 3 4 5 6

1. Disclosure of ESMP SPCU Report 2. Allocating Budget for SPCU ESMP 3. Appoint of Safeguard SPCU Officer by Contractor 4. Review and Approval SPCU of Contractor’s ESMP Waste & Safety Plan 5. Finalisation of SPCU/Contr Engineering Designs actor 6. Implementation of SPCU/Contr Mitigation Measures actor 7. Supervising ESMP SPCU/Contr Implementation actor 8. Monitoring & Reporting SPCU on ESMP /Contractor Implementation

SEEFOR Intervention Works, Edo State

S/N Activity Description Responsible Operation (Month) 1 2 3 4 5 6

9. Environmental Contractor/H Training SE Consultant 10. Total

SECTION 7: SUMMARY ANDCONCLUSION

The proposed intervention work is to enhance youth employment and access to socio-economic service whilst improving the public expenditure management systems in the state.

Thus the main benefits of the intervention identified include employment opportunities, poverty reduction, national reputation and cultural promotion, among others. some negative impacts during implementation have been identified. The negative impacts include dust raising, noise and traffic disturbance of the neighbourhood which have been identified as transient, lasting only during the intervention work.

In conclusion, the study has indicated that the establishment of the proposed project will not severely impact negatively on the existing environmental, social and health as well as safe conditions of the people. This inference is further made strong, owing to the fact that the activities in themselves and the equipment/implement employed do not have the capacity to further degrade the present existing environmental conditions.

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References  Commonwealth of Australia (1999): National Water Quality Management Strategy, Effluent Management Guidelines for Intensive Piggeries in Australia  CSIR. 2002. Guidelines for standardised Environmental Management Plans for projects within the water resource management component of the Department of Water Affairs and Forestry. CSIR Report ENV-P-C 2002-032. Prepared for DWAF, Directorate: Social and Ecological Services, Pretoria.  Department of Environmental Affairs & Tourism (DEAT). 2004b. Environmental Management Plans, Integrated Environmental Management Information Series 12. Department of Environmental Affairs and Tourism, Pretoria.  Hill R.C. (2000): Integrated Environmental Management Systems in the implementation of projects. South African Journal of Science 96: 50-54.  Lochner, P. (2005): Guideline for Environmental Management Plans. CSIR Report No ENV-S- C 2005-053 H. Republic of South Africa, Provincial Government of the Western Cape, Department of Environmental Affairs & Development Planning, Cape Town.  Ministry Of Agriculture And Animal Resources (Minagri) (2010): Environmental Management Plan (EMP) For Nyanza 23 Sub Project , Land Husbandry, Water Harvesting And Hillside Irrigation Project (LWH) Prepared by Green and Clean Solution Ltd  Multiple Development Services (MDS )(2010): Environmental Management Plan for Infrastructure (a Multi-level Office Building Complex in Lekki, Lagos  Ramsay , J. (2006): Compendium on Relevant Practices on Improved Decision-Making, Planning and Management of Dams and their Alternatives, Key Issue – Environmental Management Plans, Final Report , United Nations Environment Programme Dams and Development Project, November  UNEP (1988): Environmental Impact Assessment, Basic procedures for developing Countries.  World Bank (1999 ): Environmental Management Plan , OP 4.01 - Annex C January, po  Federal Republic of Nigeria (1999): Summary of The Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Study Second National Fadama Development Project (NFDP II)  Federal Ministry of Agriculture and Water Resources (2003): Third National Fadama Development Project (Fadama III), Rural Infrastructure, Manual No. 4, August  Okpoko, E, Egboka B., Anike, L &Okoro, E.(2013): Rainfall Harvesting as an Alternative Water Supply in Water Stressed Communities in Aguata-Awka Area of South eastern Nigeria in Environ. Eng. Res. 2013 June,18(2) : 95-101  J. Poesena, J., Nachtergaelea, J., Verstraetena, G., &Valentinb, C (2002): Gully erosion and environmental change: importance and research needs, Catena 50 (2003) 91–13, www.elsevier.com/locate/catena  LAKEW DESTA & BELAYNEH ADUGNA (2012): A Field Guide on Gully Prevention and Control A Field Guide on Gully Prevention and Control, Nile Basin Initiative Eastern Nile Subsidiary Action Program (ENS AP)  Umec Associates, a Consulting Civil, Structural and Water Resources Engineering firm, is one of the consultants engaged by the Anambra State Ministry of Environment to study and design appropriate erosion control structures for St. Thomas Aquinas/Neros Plaza gully gully erosion site,  Uzoije, A.P, onunkwo, A, A, Ibeneme, S.I and Obioha, E.Y (2014): Hydrogeology Of Nsukka Southeast, – A Preliminary Approach To Water Resources Development, in American Journal of Engineering Research (AJER) e-ISSN : 2320-0847 p-ISSN : 2320-0936 Volume-03, Issue- 01, pp-150-162  Civil Contractors Federation (,2011):ENVIRONMENTAL BEST MANAGEMENT PRACTICE GUIDELINEs EROSION & SEDIMENT CONTROL  Otti V. I., Ejikeme, I. R., Nwafor, A.U. (The Environmental Effects of the Drainage System and Flood Control in Awka Urban City  International Journal of Engineering and Technology Volume 3 No. 1, January, 2013 ISSN: 2049-3444 © 2013 – IJET Publications UK. All rights reserved. 28  Awogbemi, A. (2013): Project Baseline Assessment Voice to the People (V2P): Making

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Appendices

Appendix 1.1: Typical SEEFOR Activities

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Appendix 1.2: SEEFOR PUBLIC WORKS PHASE1 NEW LOCATION FOR LOTS 1, 2, 3 & 4 – Location and Description of the Activity Lot Senatorial Location Nature Of Civil Work District 1 Edo South 1.Name Of Road : Sapele Road (Santana Market To Road Cleaning/Sweeping, Bibi Petrol Station) Cleaning/Disiltation Of Drains, Length: 6000.00m (6.00km) Maintenance Of Street Lights And Lawns 2. Edo South 1. Name Of Road : Okhoro Road (New Lagos Road To Road Cleaning/Sweeping, Ofumwengbe Street) Cleaning/Disiltation Of Drains, Length: 3000.00m (3.00km) Maintenance Of Street Lights And Lawns. 2. Name Of Road : Medical Stores Road ( New Lagos Road Through Universal To Okhoro Junction) Length: 2500.00m (2.50km)

3. Name Of Road : Vegetable Market Road Length: 241m (0.241km) 4. Name Of Road : Golf Course Road Length: 1090m (1.09km) Town: Benin City

3 Edo South 1. Name Of Road : Airport Road (2nd Gate (Exit) To Road Cleaning/Sweeping, Ogba Bridge) Cleaning/Disiltation Of Drains, Length: 4340m (4.340km) Maintenance Of Street Lights And Lawns 2.Name Of Road : Akenzua Road (Airport Road To Plymouth Junction) Length:1340m ( 1.34km)

3.Name Of Road : Country Home Road Length: 1400m 1.40km

4.Name Of Road : Igun Street (Sokponba To 2nd Junction) Length: 1400m 1.40km

Town: Benin City

4 Edo South 1.Name Of Road : Wire Road (Ibiwe Junction To 5 Road Cleaning/Sweeping, Junction Uselu) Cleaning/Disiltation Of Drains, Length: 1700m (1.7km) Vegetation Control, Maintenance Of 2.Name Of Road : 2nd West Road (Siluko To Textile Street Lights And Lawns Mill Junction) Length: 1400m (1.4km)

3.Name Of Road : Sakpoba Road (3rd Junction – Sogbeb Filling Station) Length: 5000m (5.00km) Town: Benin City 5 Edo Central Road Cleaning/Sweeping, Ataga Road, Ubiaja Cleaning/Disiltation Of Drains, 0.893km Vegetation Control And Earth Road Maintenance.

Old Ilushi Road / Market Road, Ubiaja

2.78km Uromi – Ubiaja Road (Through Sacred Heart College) , Ubiaja

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Lot Senatorial Location Nature Of Civil Work District 3.50km 6 Edo Central Compassion Avenue/ Ogbebor Street, Ekpoma Road Cleaning/Sweeping, 0.451km Cleaning/Disiltation Of Drains, Maintenance Of Street Lights, Ujoelen Extension (Through Okpebho Clinic) , Ekpoma Vegetation Control And Earth Road 0.43km Maintenance Anglican Way, Ekpoma 1.10km Ujoelen Extension (Through Living Soul Church), Ekpoma 0.43km Ujoelen Road Extension, Ekpoma 0.87km G2 Road, Ekpoma 0.60km Eromon Street, Ekpoma 0.93km Royal Market Road, Ekpoma 1.70km 7 Edo North Auchi – Jattu Road (From Polytechnic Gate To Okene Road Cleaning/Sweeping, – Benin Express Way) Cleaning/Disiltation Of Drains And 3.10km Maintenance Of Street Lights Auchi – Jattu Road (From Okene – Benin Express Way To Afowha Junction) 2.90km 8 Road Cleaning/Sweeping, Clem Agba Street, Auchi Cleaning/Disiltation Of Drains, 0.735km Vegetation Control And Earth Road Maintenance Edo North Ashippa Street, Igarra 0.492km Produce Road / Upper Iyamho Road / Iyamho – Iyora Road ( Up To Police Barrack Junction) 2.90km

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Appendix 1.3: Terms of Reference for the ESMP Preparation Preceding Background expunged since it has been used in the Background of this Report. Objectives The ESMP is designed to achieve the following objectives:  Compliance with relevant legislative requirements;  Achievement, enhancement and demonstration of sound environmental performance built around the principle of continuous improvement;  Provision of standards for overall planning, operation, audit and review;  Encouragement and achievement of the highest environmental performance and response from individual employee and contractors;  Rationalizing and streamline environmental activities to add value in term of efficiency and effectiveness;  Enabling management to establish environment priorities;  Integrating environment fully into the various activities of the proposed project and ensuring inclusion of environmental requirements into tender documents, continuing management and evaluation of the environmental performance of the project.  Providing detailed design criteria for specific mitigation measures to be implemented.  Tracking to ensure the effectiveness of the mitigation measures at meeting the discharge standards.  Specifying appropriate roles and responsibilities, and outline the necessary reporting procedures, for managing and monitoring environmental and social concerns related to projects.

Scope/Terms of Reference of the ESMP and Tasks Scope The scope of the ESMP includes:  Work in close collaboration with the engineering design consultants and SPCU Safeguard team.  Visit sites of the infrastructural development with those consultants as far as possible, assess natural resources potentially affected during project development, status, availability and restrictions for human interventions and identify the proposed management strategies to ensure the environment is appropriately protected and environmental issues are appropriately mitigated.  Develop generic ESMP as an integral part of the Roads and Drains construction in the overall planning, design, budget, and implementation, vis-a-vis a template for managing and monitoring environmental concerns as they relate to the construction.  In actual operation/use/application of this ESMP for the construction, the peculiar environment or circumstances with regard to biophysical, socio-economic and health components must be taken into context or consideration.  The plan provides a description of the likely impacts and corresponding individual mitigation and monitoring measures and assignment of institutional responsibilities in the implementation of the various aspects of road construction operations. Tasks The specific Tasks of the ESMP include the following: a) Describe the existing activity; b) Describe the receiving environment c) Identify the environmental and social issues/risks associated with the existing activity; d) Address the relevant environmental and social factors for the existing development that interacts or has the potential to interact with the environment in consultation with the relevant public and government agencies. e) Determination of Waste Streams, Sources, Management options on site and in relation to the community f) Description of a sustainable Plan of action, including measures for achieving objectives on infrastructural facility generated waste collection systems, b) waste management facilities, c) responsibilities d) economy and financing g) Determination of time horizon for the plan h) Identifies feasible and cost-effective measures that may reduce potentially significant adverse environmental and social impacts to acceptable levels. i) provide the basis of the proponent’s environment and social management program, which shows that the environmental and social impacts resulting from the existing activity, including cumulative impacts, can be acceptably managed; j) Identifies monitoring objectives and specifies the type of monitoring, with linkages to the impacts assessed and the mitigation measures described in (a-e) above. k) Provides a specific description of institutional arrangements:-who is responsible for carrying out the mitigation and monitoring measures (e.g., for operation, supervision, enforcement, monitoring of implementation, remedial action, financing, reporting, and staff training). l) Provide for technical assistance programs that could strengthen environmental management capability in the agencies responsible for implementation. m) provides an implementation schedule for measures that must be carried out as part of the project, showing phasing and coordination with overall project implementation plans; and n) provide the expected capital and recurrent cost estimates and sources of funds for implementing the ESMP 86 – Edo State

Appendix 2.1: Summary of World Bank Environmental and Social Safeguard Policies (10+2)  Use of Country Systems (OP 4.00). The Bank's environmental and social ("safeguard") policies are designed to avoid, mitigate, or minimize adverse environmental and social impacts of projects supported by the Bank.  Environmental Assessment (OP 4.01). Outlines Bank policy and procedure for the environmental assessment of Bank lending operations. The Bank undertakes environmental screening of each proposed project to determine the appropriate extent and type of EA process..  Natural Habitats (OP 4.04). The conservation of natural habitats, like other measures that protect and enhance the environment, is essential for long-term sustainable development. The Bank does not support projects involving the significant conversion of natural habitats unless there are no feasible alternatives for the project and its siting, and comprehensive analysis demonstrates that overall benefits from the project substantially outweigh the environmental costs.  Pest Management (OP 4.09). The policy supports safe, affective, and environmentally sound pest management. It promotes the use of biological and environmental control methods. An assessment is made of the capacity of the country’s regulatory framework and institutions to promote and support safe, effective, and environmentally sound pest management.  Involuntary Resettlement (OP 4.12). This policy covers direct economic and social impacts that both result from Bank-assisted investment projects, and are caused by (a) the involuntary taking of land resulting in (i) relocation or loss of shelter; (ii) loss of assets or access to assets, or (iii) loss of income sources or means of livelihood, whether or not the affected persons must move to another location; or (b) the involuntary restriction of access to legally designated parks and protected areas resulting in adverse impacts on the livelihoods of the displaced persons. The ESMF and RPF reports discuss the applicability of this policy in detail.  Indigenous Peoples (OD 4.20). This directive provides guidance to ensure that indigenous peoples benefit from development projects, and to avoid or mitigate adverse effects of Bank-financed development projects on indigenous peoples. Measures to address issues pertaining to indigenous peoples must be based on the informed participation of the indigenous people themselves.  Forests (OP 4.36). This policy applies to the following types of Bank-financed investment projects: (a) projects that have or may have impacts on the health and quality of forests; (b) projects that affect the rights and welfare of people and their level of dependence upon or interaction with forests; and (c) projects that aim to bring about changes in the management, protection, or utilization of natural forests or plantations, whether they are publicly, privately or communally owned.  Physical Cultural Properties (OP 4.11). Assist in preserving physical cultural resources and avoiding their destruction or damage. PCR includes resources of archaeological, paleontological, historical, architectural, religious (including graveyards and burial sites), aesthetic, or other cultural significance.  Safety of Dams (OP 4.37). For the life of any dam, the owner is responsible for ensuring that appropriate measures are taken and sufficient resources provided for the safety to the dam, irrespective of its funding sources or construction status.  Projects on International Waterways (O 7.50). The Bank recognizes that the cooperation and good will of riparians is essential for the efficient utilization and protection of international waterways and attaches great importance to riparians making appropriate agreements or arrangement for the entire waterway or any part thereof.  Disputed Areas (OP/BP/GP 7.60). Project in disputed areas may occur the Bank and its member countries as well as between the borrower and one or more neighbouring countries.  Disclosure Policy (OP 17.50).Supports decision making by the Borrower and Bank by allowing the public access to information on environmental and social aspects of projects. Mandated by six safeguard policies that have specific requirements for disclosure in country (Before project appraisal in local language and in English) and World Bank INFO-Shop (Before project appraisal in English). Documents can be in draft but must meet WB standards).

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Appendix 3.1: Environmental Quality Standards and Criteria - Permissible Levels Ambient Air Quality Standards S/N Emissions and Ambient Average Period World Bank NAAQS Air Quality Indicators Guideline 1 Sulphur Dioxide (SO2) 24 hour 20 26 10 minutes 500 2 Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2) 1 year 40 24 hour 200 75 3 Particulate matter (PM10) 1 year 20 24 hour 50 250 4 Ozone 8 hour daily max 100 Nigeria National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) Air Pollutants Emission Limits Particulates 250 (ug/m3) SO2 0.1 (ppm) Non-methane Hydrocarbon 160 (ug/m3) CO 11 (ug/m3) or 10 (ppm) NOX 0.04-0.06 (ppm) Photochemical Oxidant 0.06 (ppm) Noise Exposure Limits for Nigeria Maximum Permissible Noise Levels for General Environment COLUMN COLUMN 2 Maximum Permissible NOISE LIMITSdB (A) (Leq) DAY NIGHT A Any building used as hospital, convalescence home, home for the aged, 45 35 sanatorium and institutes of higher learning, conference rooms, public library, environmental or recreational sites. B Residential buildings 50 35 C Mixed residential (with some commercial and entertainment) 55 45 D Residential + industry or small scale production + commerce 60 50 E Industrial (outside perimeter fence) 70 60 Above noise levels are weighed average in the facility over the hours defined for night and day below. Time frame: use duration : Day - 6.00a.m – 10.00p.m, Night - 10.00p.m – 6.00a.m The time frame takes into consideration human activity. Maximum Permissible Noise Levels (Continuous or Intermittent Noise) from a factory or Workshop Column 1 Column 2 Column 3 Leq dB (A) Duration (Daily) Duration (Weekly) 85 8 hours 40 hours 88 4 hours 20 hours 91 2 hours 10 hours 94 1 hours 5 hours 97 30 minutes 2.5 hours 100 15 minutes 1.25 hours 106 7.5 minutes 37.5 minutes 109 1.875 minutes 9.375 minutes Noise Levels shall not exceed a Leq of: Factory/Workshops 85 dB (A), Offices 50 dB (A), Factory/Workshop Compound 75 dB (A). World Bank Ambient Noise Standards* Receptor One Hour LAeq (dBA) Daytime 07:00 - 22:00 Nighttime 22:00 - 07:00 Residential; institutional; educational 55 45 Industrial; commercial 70 70 Comparative Figures of Limits for Substances Affecting the Acceptability of Water for Domestic Purposes Substances WHO Limits International European Limits USA Limits EEC Limits Limits Highest Desirable Maximum Permissible Guide Level Maximum Admissible Phenolic compound (as 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.001 - 0.001 phenol) Fluoride (as F) 1.0-1.7 - 0.2-1.7 0.7-1.5 - 0.7-1.5 Nitrate as (NO3) 50.100 - - 10 (as N) - 0.7-1.5

pH - 7.0-8.5 6.5-9.2 6.5-8.2 6.5-8.5 9.5 Copper(as Cu2+) 0.5 0.05 1.5 1.0 - 0.05 Iron(as Fe2+) 0.1 0.1 1.0 0.5 0.1 0.05 Manganese(as Mn2+) 0.05 0.05 0.5 0.1 0.02 0.5 Zinc (as Zn2+) 5.0 5.0 15 5.0 - 0.1 88 – Edo State

Appendix 3.1: Environmental Quality Standards and Criteria - Permissible Levels Magnesium(as Mg2+) 50.125 50-150 150 - 50 50 Sulphate(as SO4 2- 150 200 400 500 50 50 Hydrogen Sulphate (as 0.05 - - Sulphides - nil H2S) Chloride (as Cl-) 200- 200 600 350 5 200 600 Chlorine (free) - - - nil - - Anionic detergent 0.2 0.2 1.0 - - 0.1 Ammonia(asNH4) 0.5 - - 2.0(as N) 0.05 0.5 Carbon dioxide (free) nil - - - - - Calcium (as Ca2+) - 75 200 - 100 - Mineral oil - 0.01 0.5 0.5 - 0.01 Mineral oil with high - - 0.1 0.1 - - Sulphur content Turbidity (units) - 5 25 1.5 5 10 Organics 0.2-0.5 - - -

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APPENDIX 6: ATTENDANCE OF STAKEHOLDERS MET

BENIN

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AUCHI

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EKPOMA

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Consulted members of the PMU 1. Taiwo F. Akerele- Edo SEEFOR Project Coordinator 2.Ewere R. Sokpunwu- Edo SEEFOR Safeguards Officer 3. Joseph Obasuyi- Edo SEEFOR Procurement Officer 4. Kehinde E. Iserhienrhien- Edo SEEFOR M & E Officer

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Appendix 4.1b: Survey Instrument Questionnaire

Edo State Employment and Expenditure for Results Project (SEEFOR) Environmental Assessment Questionnaire Environmental & Social Management Plan (ESMP) for Small Public Works Activities in Three (3) Senatorial Districts

Introduction The Edo State Employment and Expenditure for Results Project (SEEFOR) is embarking on Small Public Works (Road Cleaning/Sweeping, Cleaning/Distillation of Drains, Maintenance of Street Lights and Lawns) of selected priority roads in the three Senatorial Districts in Edo State. To ensure adequate management of the environmental and social impacts, an Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP) is being prepared for the specific roads of interventions. The ESMP is a management tool that presents strategies andprocedures for managing potential environment and social impacts associated with the proposed small intervention works. In order to develop a robust ESMP, this questionnaire is geared towards finding out your view/opinion on the proposed activities. The information you provide will assist the study team to appreciate your concerns/fears and also proffer better operative procedures and ensure sound environmental and social management practice in the course of the execution of the project.

Please, kindly answer honestly and completely the question contained herein. Please, be assured that all information provided will be kept strictly confidential and used in combination with other opinions garnered. ------Please, simply tick (x) or write in a brief detail, where appropriate, DATE: …………………………………… Number………………………………… Location Coordinate of……………………….N…………………………………….E

SECTION A – BIO-DATA a) Name (Optional) ………………………………………………………..…………………….. b) Address: ………………………………………………………………………………………. c) Sex: ( )Male ( )Female d) Marital status: ( ) Married ( )Single ( ) Separated ( ) Divorced e) No of Children: ( ) None ( ) 1-2 ( ) 3 –4 ( ) 5-6 ( ) Above 6 f) Age: ( ) 10 – 20 ( ) 21 – 30 ( ) 31 – 40 ( ) 41 – 50 ( ) Above 50 g) Level of Education: ()No formal Educ ()Primary ()Secondary ()Post Secondary () Others (specify)……………………………………………..……………………………… j) How long have you lived here? ……………………………………………………………… j) What do you do for a living (your Primary Occupation/ nature of business)? (0Farmer () Civil servant () Self-employed () Student () others (Specify)………………… k) What is your Average income in Naira per month: a () 1000-10000 b () 10001-20000 c. () 20001 – 30000 d. () 30001- 40000 e. () Above 40000

SECTION B: ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIO-HEALTH CUM ECONOMIC ISSUES 1. Are you aware of the Road Cleaning/Sweeping, Cleaning/Disiltation of Drains, Maintenance of Street Lights and Lawns by SEEFOR in your area? ( ) Yes ( ) No 2. Do you agree that the activity should be encouraged in this area? ( ) Yes ()No a) If yes to question 2, Please give reasons:…………………………………………………... ………………………………………………………………………………………………… b) If No, please give reasons:…………………………………………………………………. ………………………………………………………………………………………………… 3. Do you think the activities of the small works in this location will impact on the environment? ( )Yes ( )No 3a. If Yes to 3, how? …………………………………………………………………………. 4. Please, outline the problems that could emanate from this kind of activity that you know………………………………………………………………………………………….. 4b. What are the major health, safety and environmental issues/threats associated with this kind of activity that you know?……….…………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………..…….…………………………………… 5. What solution can you proffer to solve the above-identified problems?...... ………………………………………………………………………………………… 7. What is the most important thing(s) in this area, you want protected in the course of the project life?

Sn Important things for protection Yes No 1 Shrine 2 Mosque/church 3 Water/River 4 Property 5 Farm land 6 People 7 Nothing 8 Others (road, etc.)

10. What are the common health problems occurring in this area that you know HEALTH PROBLEMS Yes No Malaria Typhoid fever Tuberculosis and Cough Yellow fever Rheumatism Pile 98 – Edo State

Appendix6.1: General Environmental Management Conditions For Contractors

Measles Head ache Chicken Pox/ Small Pox Cholera Jaundice Dysentery Asthma Ringworm Elephantiasis Others, Specify

11. What do you think are the likely cause of the various health problems? CAUSES OF ILLNESS Yes No Poor Sanitary Conditions/Mosquito bites Lack of basic infrastructure e.g. good roads electricity etc Lack of potable water supply Bad weather condition Hard work in farm/stress Lack of good drainage/bad roads Lack of good food/poor dietary intake Poor ventilation in homes Cigarette & Hemp smoking habits No response/Don’t know 12. How do you take care of your health problems or that of your relations? STEPS TAKEN Yes NO

Visit to Hospital

Self medication

Nothing done Other (Traditional means) No response

13. Do you see the intervention as improving the status of your community socio-economically? a. Yes b. No 14 Whether Yes or no to Q 13, why do you so answer? ……………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………….

15. What support do you think members of you/your community can give to this Small Works in your area?:……………………

16. Is there any other issue that is not mentioned in this questionnaire that you consider relevant to mention, please add …….

Thank you. STUDY TEAM 08030610235

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Environmental Code of Conduct- Integrating into project design and tender documents The mitigation measures and the general Environmental code of Conduct developed herewith shall be integrated into the project design and tender documents. Using this approach, the mitigation measures and code of conduct will automatically become part of the project implementation. By including mitigation measures in the contract or in specific items in the Bill of Quantities, monitoring and supervision, mitigation measure implementation shall be covered under the normal engineering supervision provisions of the contract.

This is considered necessary in order to hold Contractors financially and in some cases criminally liable for adverse impact that result from failure to implement contracted required mitigated measures and code of conduct.

Bill of Quantities The tender instruction to bidders should explicitly mention the site-specific mitigation measures to be performed, the materials to be used, labor camp arrangements, and waste disposal areas, as well other site specific environmental requirements. Such a definition would clearly exhibit the cost requirement to undertake mitigation measures, which otherwise might be lost as the bidders in an attempt to be more competitive may not include the price realistic enough to fund mitigation measures and other protection measures.

Supervision and Monitoring The purpose of supervision is to make sure that specific mitigation parameters identified in the environmental and social assessment and as bound by the contract is satisfactorily implemented. Likewise, monitoring is necessary such that the mitigation measures are actually put into practice.

Social Integration and Participation As a matter of principles, Social inclusions or community participation in the site project execution shall be managed, in particular through the inclusion of clauses that involve the following measures:

 Community participation - Participation in decision- making built into the planning and implementation of the intervention works to allow local people a voice in matters concerning them.  Integration with host populations & promotion of social inclusion - Use existing local groups such as the site committees rather than form new ones –  Social Inclusion & Avoidance of elite Capture/ Vulnerable groups- Include special efforts (affirmative action) to fully integrate socially marginalized people into the society  Gender issues- The empowerment of women is essential for public good, so ensure opportunities to involve at least 50% women  Implementation Arrangements- Include and ensure community participation and oversight of the intervention work  Accountability in the use of public funds - Ensure participatory planning, budgeting and monitoring and public information dissemination on fund use  Implementation schedule - Affected persons and site committee members/CDOs/CDAs should be abreast of the schedule  Project Monitoring - Ensure local communities play a role in the monitoring framework.

Waste Management Plan Dispose overburden or earth spoils in designated spoil tips. Open burning of waste, construction materials such as formworks and bio-mass removed is strictly prohibited. These materials should be chipped and carted away to appropriate location or used as fuel.

Create awareness amongst community members not to dump waste in the treated gully.

Control of Air and Noise Pollution As the need arises, water spraying facility shall be provided during earthworks and wheels of vehicles or machinery used for transportation of construction materials shall be cleaned before leaving the construction site so as not to litter the roads with mud and soil.

Generally, noise in the boundary of the site shall be controlled with the use of manual machines that are equally effective as much as possible and noise level shall not exceed 55 dB(A) during the day as much as possible.

SPECIFIC OBLIGATIONS OF CONTRACTORS

The Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP)  Inform himself and those who work with him about this ESMP.  Prepare his work strategy and plan to fully take into account relevant provisions of the ESMP.  If the Contractor fails to implement the approved ESMP after written instruction by the Supervising Engineer

(SE) to fulfil his obligation within the requested time, the EDO SEEFOR reserves the right to arrange through the SE for execution of the missing action by a third party on account of the Contractor.  Where it is established that there are persist flouting of the guidelines and other relevant provisions sanction shall be made on the contractor Sustainability Issues 100 – Edo State

 The Contractor shall ensure in its performance of the construction service to ensure that it uses working methods, equipment and materials that will improve the sustainability of delivering the contract requirements, with particular emphasis on the following sustainability objectives: o Increased recycled content; o Reduced transport distances; o Whole life cost considerations; o Reduced energy use and CO2 emissions; o Waste reduction; and o Reducing impact on the community i.e. noise and disruption of traffic).  The Contractor shall encourage their supply chain to help them meet the sustainability objectives of this contract.  The Contractor shall produce a materials sourcing plan for the items covered under the Schedule of Rates  Transport of products and tools to the site . Delivery of products to the site in concentrated form and then dilution on site . Use of reusable containers to transport products to the site . Delivery of products in bulk and outside peak traffic times . Disposal of used products or packaging from products . Products or packaging taken away for reuse, recycling or appropriate disposal by the contractor

Training of contractor staff The contractor needs to indicate members of its Staff who are trained on the environmental impact of their work and the environmental policy of the authority on whose project they will be working.

Health and Safety . Precautions for maintenance of Contractor’s personnel H&S . Appointment of an accident prevention officer at the site and reporting on H&S conditions HIV-AIDS prevention Prohibitions  Prohibitions on child labour  Prohibitions on forced labour.  Prevent pollution of water bodies and neighbouring environ from wastes arising from construction sites. Taking Over of Site By Contractor  The date on which the site is handed over to the Contractor shall be recorded and certified in writing by both the Engineer and the Contractor’s Agent and from the date on which the site is taken over the Contractor shall be responsible for maintaining that portion of road in good condition and for repairing damage of an kind to the road culverts or bridges from whatever cause arising whether caused by constructional traffic or not. Contractor Not To Enter Neighbouring Land  Where it is necessary to enter onto land during the course of construction or maintenance for the purpose of making temporary road diversions, winning construction or maintenance materials or for any other reason, the landowner or occupier shall first be consulted by the Contractors, and his written permission obtained. In the event of the owner of occupier withholding his permission full circumstances of the case shall be referred to the Engineer and no further action shall be taken until his instructions are received.  Under no circumstances is land to be interfered with until the compensation, if any, has been paid by the Contractors.  When permission has been obtained and work is carried out, care shall be taken to ensure that no unnecessary damage is caused to the land and that all reasonable precautions are taken to prevent soil erosion, and mosquito breeding. On completion of the work, all land shall be left in a tidy condition with the sides of all borrow pits battered down to a reasonable slope as directed by the Engineer’s Representative. All borrow pits shall be adequately drained to as to prevent storm water collecting in them. No compensation will be paid to the Contractors for any delays due to negotiations with the owners of the land. Any costs incurred in complying with the requirements of this Item shall be deemed to be included in the tendered rates and prices. Notice Of Operations  No important operation, particularly blocking or cutting of any road, water pipe or other services shall be carried out without the consent in writing of the Engineer. The request in writing must be made sufficiently in advance of the time of operation so as to enable him to make such arrangements as may be deemed necessary for its inspection and the provision of all relevant safety precautions. Weather Conditions  The Contractor shall be deemed to have taken weather conditions into account when preparing his Tender and he shall not be entitled to extension of time by reason of the occurrence of delays due to weather unless he can show that such conditions could not have been reasonably foreseen in the area of the site. Precautions Against Pollution Of Streams  The Contractor shall take all necessary precautions to secure the efficient protection of all ditches, streams and waterways against pollution.

Copies Of Orders  The Contractor and Sub-contractors shall provide the Engineer’s Representative with copies of all order, which they may place for the supply of materials or goods required in connection with the Works. Work During Period Of Maintenance 101 – Edo State

 After the commencement of the period of maintenance the Contractor shall do nothing, which might endanger the safety of the public, and he shall obey all instructions of the Engineer or other duly authorised person or authority in this regard.

Throughout the Period of Maintenance the Contractor shall notify the Engineer’s Representative what work or operations it is intended to carry out on the Site, and he shall obey any instructions which the Engineer’s Representative may give as to times and manner of working so that any inconvenience to the Public is kept to a minimum COMMUNICATION, INFORMATION AND MONITORING It is important that good relations be maintained with potentially affected neighbours and the local community throughout the duration of earthworks.

Immediate neighbours will be informed of the intended scope and duration of works and associated activities at least one week in advance. They will be kept informed of any changes to works scheduling throughout the duration of the works.

All site contractors, including sub-contractors shall be made familiar with this plan prior to the commencement of any site works..

General Notwithstanding the Contractor’s obligation under the above clause, the Contractor shall implement all measures necessary to avoid undesirable adverse environmental and social impacts wherever possible, restore work sites to acceptable standards, and abide by any environmental performance requirements specified in an EMP. In general these measures shall include but not be limited to: a) Minimize the effect of dust on the surrounding environment resulting from earth mixing sites, asphalt mixing sites, dispersing coal ashes, vibrating equipment, temporary access roads, etc. to ensure safety, health and the protection of workers and communities living in the vicinity dust producing activities. b) Ensure that noise levels emanating from machinery, vehicles and noisy construction activities (e.g. excavation, blasting) are kept at a minimum for the safety, health and protection of workers within the vicinity of high noise levels and nearby communities. c) Ensure that existing water flow regimes in rivers, streams and other natural or irrigation channels is maintained and/or re-established where they are disrupted due to works being carried out. d) Prevent bitumen, oils, lubricants and waste water used or produced during the execution of works from entering into rivers, streams, irrigation channels and other natural water bodies/reservoirs, and also ensure that stagnant water in uncovered borrow pits is treated in the best way to avoid creating possible breeding grounds for mosquitoes. e) Prevent and minimize the impacts of quarrying, earth borrowing, piling and building of temporary construction camps and access roads on the biophysical environment including protected areas and arable lands; local communities and their settlements. In as much as possible restore/rehabilitate all sites to acceptable standards. f) Upon discovery of ancient heritage, relics or anything that might or believed to be of archaeological or historical importance during the execution of works, immediately report such findings to the SE so that the appropriate authorities may be expeditiously contacted for fulfilment of the measures aimed at protecting such historical or archaeological resources. g) Discourage construction workers from engaging in the exploitation of natural resources such as hunting, fishing, and collection of forest products or any other activity that might have a negative impact on the social and economic welfare of the local communities. h) Implement soil erosion control measures in order to avoid surface run off and prevents siltation, etc. i) Ensure that garbage, sanitation and drinking water facilities are provided in construction workers camps. j) Ensure that, in as much as possible, local materials are used to avoid importation of foreign material and long distance transportation. k) Ensure public safety, and meet traffic safety requirements for the operation of work to avoid accidents.

 The Contractor shall indicate the period within which he/she shall maintain status on site after completion of civil works to ensure that significant adverse impacts arising from such works have been appropriately addressed.

 The Contractor shall adhere to the proposed activity implementation schedule and the monitoring plan / strategy to ensure effective feedback of monitoring information to project management so that impact management can be implemented properly, and if necessary, adapt to changing and unforeseen conditions.  Besides the regular inspection of the sites by the SE for adherence to the contract conditions and specifications, the Owner may appoint an Inspector to oversee the compliance with these environmental conditions and any proposed mitigation measures. State environmental authorities may carry out similar inspection duties. In all cases, as directed by the SE, the Contractor shall comply with directives from such inspectors to implement measures required to ensure the adequacy rehabilitation measures carried out on the bio-physical environment and compensation for socio-economic disruption resulting from implementation of any works.

Worksite/Campsite Waste Management

 All vessels (drums, containers, bags, etc.) containing oil/fuel/surfacing materials and other hazardous chemicals shall be bunded in order to contain spillage. All waste containers, litter and any other waste generated during 102 – Edo State

the construction shall be collected and disposed off at designated disposal sites in line with applicable government waste management regulations.  All drainage and effluent from storage areas, workshops and camp sites shall be captured and treated before being discharged into the drainage system in line with applicable government water pollution control regulations.  Used oil from maintenance shall be collected and disposed off appropriately at designated sites or be re-used or sold for re-use locally.  Entry of runoff to the site shall be restricted by constructing diversion channels or holding structures such as banks, drains, dams, etc. to reduce the potential of soil erosion and water pollution.  Construction waste shall not be left in stockpiles along the road, but removed and reused or disposed of on a daily basis.  If disposal sites for clean spoil are necessary, they shall be located in areas, approved by the SE, of low land use value and where they will not result in material being easily washed into drainage channels. Whenever possible, spoil materials should be placed in low-lying areas and should be compacted and planted with species indigenous to the locality. Material Excavation and Deposit  The Contractor shall obtain appropriate licenses/permits from relevant authorities to operate quarries or borrow areas.  The location of quarries and borrow areas shall be subject to approval by relevant local and national authorities, including traditional authorities if the land on which the quarry or borrow areas fall in traditional land.  Noise levels reaching the communities from blasting activities shall not exceed 90 decibels. NEIGHBOURHOOD EFFECTS  The main neighbourhood effects associated with the works are noise and dust. Dust from site earthworks and associated activities is considered to be minor and will be minimised by a number of measures, including wetting, to mitigate potential negative effects on neighbours.  Construction noise shall meet the limits in and be measured and assessed in accordance with NESREA requirements. Work shall not continue on the site if compliance with the above standard is not achieved. Mitigation measures to reduce noise levels will be implemented, if required.

Dust Control Measures  Appropriate dust control measures will be implemented at the site where necessary, such as the use of water carts to dampen exposed areas, or mulching. Dust control measures will be implemented in accordance with health & safety requirements and conditions of consent.

Disposal of Unusable Elements  Unusable materials and construction elements such as electro-mechanical equipment, pipes, accessories and demolished structures will be disposed of in a manner approved by the SE. The Contractor has to agree with the SE which elements are to be surrendered to the Client’s premises, which will be recycled or reused, and which will be disposed of at approved landfill sites.  As far as possible, abandoned pipelines shall remain in place. Where for any reason no alternative alignment for the new pipeline is possible, the old pipes shall be safely removed and stored at a safe place to be agreed upon with the SE and the local authorities concerned.  Unsuitable and demolished elements shall be dismantled to a size fitting on ordinary trucks for transport. Health and Safety  In advance of the construction work, the Contractor shall mount an awareness and hygiene campaign. Workers and local residents shall be sensitized on health risks particularly of AIDS.  Adequate road signs to warn pedestrians and motorists of construction activities, diversions, etc. shall be provided at appropriate points.  Construction vehicles shall not exceed maximum speed limit of 40km per hour. Repair of Private Property  Should the Contractor, deliberately or accidentally, damage private property, he shall repair the property to the owner’s satisfaction and at his own cost. For each repair, the Contractor shall obtain from the owner a certificate that the damage has been made good satisfactorily in order to indemnify the Client from subsequent claims.  In cases where compensation for inconveniences, damage of crops etc. are claimed by the owner, the Client has to be informed by the Contractor through the SE. This compensation is in general settled under the responsibility of the Client before signing the Contract. In unforeseeable cases, the respective administrative entities of the Client will take care of compensation.  Contractor’s Environment, Health and Safety Management Plan (EHS-MP)  Within 6 weeks of signing the Contract, the Contractor shall prepare an EHS-MP to ensure the adequate management of the health, safety, environmental and social aspects of the works, including implementation of the requirements of these general conditions and any specific requirements of an EMP for the works. The Contractor’s EHS-MP will serve two main purposes:  For the Contractor, for internal purposes, to ensure that all measures are in place for adequate EHS

management, and as an operational manual for his staff.

 For the Client, supported where necessary by a SE, to ensure that the Contractor is fully prepared for the adequate management of the EHS aspects of the project, and as a basis for monitoring of the Contractor’s EHS performance.

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The Contractor’s EHS-MP shall provide at least:  a description of procedures and methods for complying with these general environmental management conditions, and any specific conditions specified in an EMP;  a description of specific mitigation measures that will be implemented in order to minimize adverse impacts;  a description of all planned monitoring activities (e.g. sediment discharges from borrow areas) and the reporting thereof; and  the internal organizational, management and reporting mechanisms put in place for such.  The Contractor’s EHS-MP will be reviewed and approved by the Client before start of the works. This review should demonstrate if the Contractor’s EHS-MP covers all of the identified impacts, and has defined appropriate measures to counteract any potential impacts.

EHS Reporting  The Contractor shall prepare bi-weekly progress reports to the SE on compliance with these general conditions, the project EMP if any, and his own EHS-MP. An example format for a Contractor EHS report is portrayed in Annex 6. It is expected that the Contractor’s reports will include information on:  EHS management actions/measures taken, including approvals sought from local or national authorities;  Problems encountered in relation to EHS aspects (incidents, including delays, cost consequences, etc. as a result thereof);  Lack of compliance with contract requirements on the part of the Contractor;  Changes of assumptions, conditions, measures, designs and actual works in relation to EHS aspects; and  Observations, concerns raised and/or decisions taken with regard to EHS management during site meetings.  It is advisable that reporting of significant EHS incidents be done “as soon as practicable”. Such incident reporting shall therefore be done individually. Also, it is advisable that the Contractor keep his own records on health, safety and welfare of persons, and damage to property. It is advisable to include such records, as well as copies of incident reports, as appendixes to the bi-weekly reports. A sample format for an incident notification is shown below. Details of EHS performance will be reported to the Client through the SE’s reports to the Client. Training of Contractor’s Personnel  The Contractor shall provide sufficient training to his own personnel to ensure that they are all aware of the relevant aspects of these general conditions, any project EMP, and his own EHS-MP, and are able to fulfil their expected roles and functions. Specific training should be provided to those employees that have particular responsibilities associated with the implementation of the EHS-MP. General topics should be:  EHS in general (working procedures);  emergency procedures; and  social and cultural aspects (awareness raising on social issues). First Aid & Emergencies As a minimum, a low-risk workplace should have a first-aid box and a person appointed to take charge of first-aid arrangements, such as calling the emergency services if necessary. SPCU should ensure contractors provide information about first-aid arrangements to their employees. Cost of Compliance  It is expected that compliance with these conditions is already part of standard good workmanship and state of art as generally required under this Contract. The item “Compliance with Environmental Management Conditions” in the Bill of Quantities covers this cost. No other payments will be made to the Contractor for compliance with any request to avoid and/or mitigate an avoidable EHS impact. Example Format: EHS Incident Notification EHS Incident Notification Provide within 24 hrs to the Supervising Engineer Originators Reference No:...... Date of Incident:...... Time:...... Location of incident:...... Name of Person(s) involved:...... Employing Company:...... Type of Incident:...... Description of Incident: Where, when, what, how, who, operation in progress at the time (only factual) Immediate Action: Immediate remedial action and actions taken to prevent reoccurrence or escalation Signature (Name, Title, Date):...... Contractor Representative

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