Conservation Significant Flora Survey and Impact Assessment of the Cooljarloo West Project

CONSERVATION SIGNIFICANT FLORA SURVEY

AND IMPACT ASSESSMENT,

TRONOX COOLJARLOO WEST PROJECT

Prepared For TRONOX MANAGEMENT PTY LTD

March 2017

TJV1601/023/16

Prepared By

DISCLAIMER AND LIMITATIONS

This report has been prepared on behalf of and for the exclusive use of Tronox Management Pty Ltd, and is subject to and issued in accordance with the agreement between Tronox Management Pty Ltd and Mattiske Consulting Pty Ltd. Mattiske Consulting Pty Ltd accepts no liability or responsibility whatsoever for it with respect to any use of, or reliance upon, this report by any third party.

This report is based on the scope of services defined by Tronox Management Pty Ltd, budgetary and time constraints imposed by Tronox Management Pty Ltd, the information supplied by Tronox Management Pty Ltd (and its agents), and the method consistent with the preceding.

Copying of this report or parts of this report is not permitted without the authorisation of Tronox Management Pty Ltd or Mattiske Consulting Pty Ltd.

DOCUMENT HISTORY

PREPARED REVIEWED SUBMITTED REPORT VERSION BY BY DATE COPIES

Internal review V1 NM SBR 07/02/2017 -

Electronic Draft report for client review V2 NM EMM 13/02/2017 DRAFT

Second draft following client review V3 NM/CBL/SBR EMM 17/03/2017 Electronic

Electronic & Final report V4 hard copies

Mattiske Consulting Pty Ltd

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1. SUMMARY ...... 1

2. INTRODUCTION ...... 3

2.1. Location and Scope of Proposal ...... 3 2.2. Objectives ...... 6 2.3. Western Australia’s Flora – A Legislative Perspective ...... 6 3. METHODS ...... 7

3.1. Resolution of Taxa ...... 7 3.2. Field Survey ...... 8 3.2.1. Orchid Habitat Determination ...... 8 3.2.2. Phase 1 ...... 8 3.2.3. Phase 2 ...... 9 3.3. Survey Timing ...... 9 3.4. Impact Assessment ...... 12 3.5. Vegetation Types and Habitat Associations ...... 13 3.6. Survey Limitations ...... 14 4. RESULTS ...... 15

4.1. Resolution of Taxa ...... 15 4.2. Targeted Conservation Significant Taxa ...... 15 4.2.1. Andersonia gracilis (T/EN) ...... 25 4.2.2. Anigozanthos viridis subsp. terraspectans (T/VU) ...... 25 4.2.3. Macarthuria keigheryi (T/EN) ...... 25 4.2.4. Paracaleana dixonii (T/EN) ...... 26 4.2.5. Babingtonia delicata (P1) ...... 26 4.2.6. Calectasia palustris (P1)...... 27 4.2.7. Chordifex reseminans (P2) ...... 27 4.2.8. Grevillea thelemanniana subsp. Cooljarloo (B.J. Keighery 28 B) (P1) ...... 27 4.2.9. Hypocalymma sp. Cataby (G.J. Keighery 5151) (P2) ...... 27 4.2.10. Thelymitra aff. pulcherrima (P2) ...... 27 4.3. Other Conservation Significant Taxa ...... 30 4.4. Revised Impact Assessment ...... 31 4.5. Vegetation Types and Habitat Associations ...... 36 5. DISCUSSION ...... 40

5.1. Andersonia gracilis (T/EN) ...... 40 5.2. Anigozanthos viridis subsp. terraspectans (T/VU) ...... 41 5.3. Macarthuria keigheryi (T/EN) ...... 41 5.4. Paracaleana dixonii (T/EN) ...... 41 5.5. Chordifex reseminans (P2) ...... 42 5.6. Thelymitra pulcherrima (P2) ...... 42 5.7. Other Conservation Significant Taxa ...... 42 6. CONCLUSION ...... 43

7. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ...... 43

8. PERSONNEL ...... 44

9. REFERENCES ...... 45

Mattiske Consulting Pty Ltd

TABLES i: Summary of revised impact, risk rankings and taxonomic outcomes from the 2016 survey of target taxa 1: Survey timing 2: Monthly comparison of target species’ flowering periods, rainfall and Mattiske survey intensity 3: Significance ranking of local populations of conservation significant flora to the regional conservation of each taxon 4: Impact ranking on the numbers of plants in the Assessment Area 5: Impact ranking on the preferred habitat of conservation significant species in the Assessment Area 6: Risk of significance ranking of impact on regional conservation status of conservation significant species 7a: Number of plants (and locations) of conservation significant flora taxa recorded within the Assessment Area, deemed to be impacted 7b: Number of plants (and locations) of conservation significant flora taxa recorded within the Assessment Area, deemed not to be impacted 8: Historic and current numbers of Macarthuria keigheryi (T/EN) plants known from the Assessment Area 9: Revised impact ranking on numbers of plants of conservation significant flora recorded within the Assessment Area 10: Habitat associations with conservation significant species and consequent impact rankings

FIGURES

1: Location 2: 2016 survey effort 3.1: Threatened flora in the Assessment Area 3.2: Priority 1 flora in the Assessment Area 3.3: Priority 2 flora in the Assessment Area 3.4: Priority 3 flora in the Assessment Area 3.5: Priority 4 flora in the Assessment Area

PLATES

1: Target taxa inflorescences 2: Other conservation significant taxa inflorescences

APPENDICES

A1: State definition of threatened and priority flora species A2: Federal definition of threatened flora species A3: Clearing of native vegetation A4: Local and regional significance A5: State definition of priority ecological communities B: Changes and additions to the Tronox-Iluka Conservation Significant Flora Database based on Mattiske 2016 surveys C: Geographic co-ordinates of all conservation significant taxa recorded within the Assessment Area D: Summary of changes to the area of historic vegetation types within the Study Area

Mattiske Consulting Pty Ltd

ABBREVIATIONS

AA: Assessment Area BOM: Bureau of Meteorology CC: Conservation Code (either federal or state listings) DE: Development Envelope DF: Development Footprint DotEE: Department of the Environment and Energy Parks and Wildlife: Department of Parks and Wildlife EP Act: Environmental Protection Act 1986 (WA) EPA: Environmental Protection Authority EPBC Act: Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (Cth) Mattiske: Mattiske Consulting Pty Ltd Tronox: Tronox Management Pty Ltd TSSC: Threatened Species Scientific Committee WA Herbarium: Western Australian Herbarium (PERTH) WC Act: Wildlife Conservation Act 1950 (WA) Woodman: Woodman Environmental

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1. SUMMARY

Mattiske Consulting Pty Ltd was commissioned by Tronox Management Pty Ltd to undertake a targeted conservation significant flora survey and impact assessment of the Cooljarloo West Project. Tronox proposes to develop the Cooljarloo West Project, adjacent to the existing mine located approximately 175 km north of Perth. Consultation with the Office of the Environmental Protection Authority and Department of Parks and Wildlife resulted in the requirement for additional survey of various conservation significant flora prior to finalisation of Tronox’s Public Environmental Review document. A method statement for the additional survey required was produced by Woodman Environmental and consequently forms the basis for this current survey.

Based on risk assessments on conservation significant flora by Woodman Environmental, eleven target taxa were identified. Surveys were conducted by Mattiske in July to December 2016 to target these species, however all conservation significant taxa encountered were recorded. The target species included: Andersonia gracilis, Anigozanthos viridis subsp. terraspectans, Macarthuria keigheryi, and Paracaleana dixonii (all Threatened taxa); Babingtonia delicata and Grevillea thelemanniana subsp. Cooljarloo (B. J. Keighery 28 B) (both Priority 1 taxa); and Calectasia palustris, Chordifex reseminans, Thelymitra aff. pulcherrima, Cristonia biloba subsp. pubescens and Hypocalymma sp. Cataby (G. J. Keighery 5151) (all Priority 2 taxa). Furthermore, taxonomic confirmation was required for two species: Eucalyptus aff. incrassata and Leucopogon aff. sprengelioides which were identified as having potential conservation significance.

Over the course of six months (102 field days), approximately 650 hectares of target vegetation types (VT1, VT2, VT5 and VT7) were traversed by botanists in a 50 x 50 metre grid pattern within the Development Envelope. Further traverses were conducted in suitable areas in the wider Assessment Area to increase the regional knowledge of potentially highly impacted flora.

Fluctuating numbers of threatened species were experienced between the historic and current plants numbers. The threatened species in particular are known to be reliant upon fire for germination. Macarthuria keigheryi (T) and Paracaleana dixonii (T) both are known from confirmed historic records; however re-visits of these locations in 2016 resulted in zero plants being located. Based on the current plant numbers for M. keigheryi (T), clearing of vegetation is unlikely to impact any plants above ground; this is a similar case for P. dixonii (T) at the historic location, with the exception that an additional plant at a new location was recorded during the 2016 surveys. The impact upon the preferred vegetation types for these species is therefore likely to be a better indication of potential impact within the DE and DF. In both the DE and DF and for both of these species, the impact to preferred vegetation types was considered Moderate.

Chordifex reseminans (P2) and Babingtonia urbana (P3) were recorded in unexpectedly high numbers within the Development Envelope and also in the wider Assessment Area. Small population of both were recorded within Parks and Wildlife estate, and the preferred Vegetation Types (VT1 and VT5) were assigned a Moderate impact ranking for the Development Envelope, and a Low impact ranking for the Development Footprint.

Based on the survey results, three of the target species: Babingtonia delicata (P1), Grevillea thelemanniana subsp. Cooljarloo (B.J. Keighery 28 B) (P1) and Calectasia palustris (P1) are not known to occur within the DE and therefore it is extremely unlikely that the Cooljarloo West project will have any impact upon these species. Prior to field surveys, the specimens representing Eucalyptus aff. incrassata and Leucopogon aff. sprengelioides were resolved by Woodman Environmental in liaison with taxonomic specialists to not be of conservation significance.

Additional conservation significant species previously unknown from the assessment area included (along with T. pulcherrima) two winter-flowering species, Thelymitra apiculata (P4) and Isotropis cuneifolia subsp. glabra (P2). Both resulted in a Low risk of significant impact in the Development Footprint.

Table i summarises the key outcomes and revised impact ranking for each of the target species forming the basis of this survey.

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Table i: Summary of revised impact, risk rankings and taxonomic outcomes from the 2016 survey of target taxa

PREFERRED RISK OF LOCAL IMPACT HABITAT IMPACT SIGNIFICANT COMMENT RANKING RANKING IMPACT TARGET SPECIES FROM 2016 SURVEY Development Development Development Envelope (Footprint) Envelope Envelope (Footprint) (Footprint)

Fluctuating High Moderate High Andersonia gracilis (T) numbers (decrease in DE) (Low) (Low) (Moderate)

Fluctuating numbers Anigozanthos viridis subsp. Very Low Moderate Low (decrease in terraspectans (T) historic DE (Very Low) (Low) (Low) locations)

Zero plants recorded at Moderate Macarthuria keigheryi (T) Nil Nil historic locations (Low) in DE

One additional High Moderate High Paracaleana dixonii (T) plant recorded in DE (Nil) (Moderate) (Nil)

Low Babingtonia delicata (P1) Not recorded in DE N/A N/A (Very Low)

Grevillea thelemanniana subsp. Low Cooljarloo (B.J. Keighery 28 B) Not recorded in DE N/A N/A (P1) (Low)

Low Calectasia palustris (P1) Not recorded in DE N/A N/A (Low)

Recorded in high High Moderate High Chordifex reseminans (P2) numbers (High) (Low) (High)

Previously High Moderate High Thelymitra pulcherrima (P2) unrecorded; recorded in DE (High) (Low) (High)

Hypocalymma sp. Cataby (G.J. Re-identified as Hypocalymma angustifolium x H. xanthopetalum; afforded no Keighery 5151) (P2) conservation status

Cristonia biloba Historic specimens not re-located, no further records of C. biloba from 2016 survey; (subsp. pubescens (P2)) unable to confirm habitat preference

Not a distinct taxon; confirmed by specialists as E. incrassata; afforded no conservation Eucalyptus aff. incrassata status

Not a distinct taxon; confirmed by specialists as L. sprengelioides; afforded no Leucopogon aff. sprengelioides conservations status

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2. INTRODUCTION

Mattiske Consulting Pty Ltd (Mattiske) was commissioned in April 2016 by Tronox Management Pty Ltd (Tronox) to undertake a targeted conservation significant flora survey and impact assessment of the Cooljarloo West Project.

2.1. Location and Scope of Proposal

Tronox operates the Tiwest Joint Venture, an integrated Titanium minerals mining and processing project established in 1988, based on deposits at Cooljarloo, approximately 175 km north of Perth within the Shire of Dandaragan, on the Swan Coastal Plain. Tronox proposes to develop the Cooljarloo West Titanium Minerals Mine (Cooljarloo West Project), which involves dredge mining of three mineral deposits: Woolka, Harrier, and Kestrel, located adjacent to the west side of the existing Cooljarloo Mine (Figure 1).

A draft Public Environmental Review (PER) document was submitted to the Environmental Protection Authority (EPA) in May 2015, after referral under part IV of the Environmental Protection Act 1986 (WA) and under the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (Cth). Consultation with the OEPA and Department of Parks and Wildlife (Parks and Wildlife) resulted in the requirement for additional survey of various conservation significant flora prior to finalisation of the PER document. A method statement for the additional survey required was produced by Woodman Environmental Consulting (2016a) and consequently forms the basis for this current survey.

For the purposes of maintaining consistency with the PER document, the following terminology is used:  Development Footprint (DF) – contains the likely area of clearing and disturbance for the Cooljarloo West Project (2,104 ha) and includes the portion of the existing Mine Lease (M 268SA);  Development Envelope (DE) – contains the potential locations of the DF, plus surrounding areas (4,094 ha) and includes the portion of the existing Mine Lease (M 268SA);  Assessment Area (AA) – the local area used for impact comparison (27,029 ha), excluding the existing Mine Lease (M 268SA) but including the portion overlapping with the DE; and  Study Area (SA) – the regional area (33,470 ha), including the existing Mine Lease (M 268SA).  Ground Water Drawdown (GDA) – area delineated as the groundwater drawdown risk zone (434 ha) and includes the portion of the existing Mine Lease (M 268SA); The Development Footprint, Envelope and Assessment Area are defined in Figure 2.

The scope of this survey was to deliver information suitable for inclusion within the PER document regarding the occurrence of specific conservation significant flora within the Development Envelope and surrounding environment (Assessment Area), in accordance with Woodman Environmental (2016a); Tronox Request for Tender (8th March 2016); the Cooljarloo West Environmental Scoping Document; Guidance for the assessment of environmental factors – terrestrial flora and vegetation surveys for environmental impact assessment in Western Australia, No. 51 (EPA 2004) and the Technical guide – terrestrial flora and vegetation surveys for environmental impact assessment (EPA and Parks and Wildlife 2015) both of which have been replaced by the Technical guidance – flora and vegetation survey for environmental impact assessment (EPA 2016); and any directive given by the Tronox Works Supervisor, or outcomes of any further consultation with the Office of the EPA and Parks and Wildlife.

Mattiske Consulting Pty Ltd 340000 390000

! Cervantes

Moora ! ± 6600000 6600000

Lancelin ! 6550000 6550000

Gingin !

Two rocks !

Yanchep ! 6500000 6500000

PERTH !

Legend Development Envelope Mine Lease (M 268SA)

340000 390000

Figure: 0 7.5 15 km Cooljarloo West Project Scale: 1:750,000 28 Central Road, Kalamunda WA 6076 ~ Tel: 9257 1625 ~ Fax: 9257 1640 MGA94 (Zone 50) Author: E M Matttiske MCPL Ref: TJV1601/023/16 Location CAD Ref: a2428F001 Drawn: CAD Resources ~ www.cadresources.com.au

Drawn: CAD Resources ~ Tel 9246 3242 ~ URL www.cadresources.com.au ~ CAD Ref: a2428F001 CAD Ref: ~ www.cadresources.com.au URL 3242 ~ 9246 Tel ~ CAD Resources Drawn: Date: March 2017 Rev: B A4 Tel: (08) 9246 3242 ~ Fax (08) 9246 3202 1 320000 330000 340000 350000 360000

Badgingarra National Park Wongonderrah Nature 6620000 6620000 Reserve 6610000 6610000 Minyulo Nambung National Park Nature Reserve 6600000 6600000

Wanagarren Nature Reserve

320000 330000 340000 350000 360000 Legend Client: 0 1.5 3km Figure: Development Envelope Development Footprint Vegetation 13 18 6 C Cooljarloo West Project Assessment Area DPaW Estate 1 14 2 7 R Scale: 1:125,000 28 Central Road, Kalamunda WA 6076 ~ Tel: 9257 1625 ~ Fax: 9257 1640 MGA94 (Zone 50) Mine Lease (M268SA) 10 15 3 8 W Author: E M Mattiske MCPL Ref: TJV1601/023/16 Mattiske 2016 Foot Traverses 11 16 4 9a CAD Ref: a2428F002 2016 Survey Effort ± Drawn: CAD Resources ~ www.cadresources.com.au Roads and Access Tracks 12 17 5 9b Date: Mar 2017 Rev: A A3 Tel: (08) 9246 3242 ~ Fax (08) 9246 3202 2 6.

2.2. Objectives

The eleven target taxa identified by Woodman (2016a) and requiring further survey (^ or taxonomic verification) were:  Threatened taxa – Andersonia gracilis, Anigozanthos viridis subsp. terraspectans, Macarthuria keigheryi, and Paracaleana dixonii;  Priority 1 taxa – Babingtonia delicata and Grevillea thelemanniana subsp. Cooljarloo (B. J. Keighery 28 B); and  Priority 2 taxa – Calectasia palustris, Chordifex reseminans (including all Chordifex chaunocoleus records), Thelymitra aff. pulcherrima, Cristonia biloba subsp. pubescens^ and Hypocalymma sp. Cataby (G. J. Keighery 5151)^.

The specific objectives of the survey were to:  Detect the presence of conservation significant species within the Development Envelope and where present, delineate the extent and abundance of plants (Phase 1 surveys), focusing on target taxa;  Provide local (Phase 2 surveys) and regional contextual information (desktop assessment and revision of previous documents) for the impact assessment;  Conduct surveys as required for unresolved taxa;  Refine vegetation type (VT) boundaries (based on qualitative, not quantitative data) where necessary within the Development Envelope;  Review the risk assessment rankings of the targeted conservation significant flora taxa; and  Prepare a report summarising and justifying the methodology and revised impact assessment.

2.3. Western Australia’s Flora – A Legislative Perspective

The legislative protection of flora and vegetation within Western Australia is principally governed by three Acts. These are:  The Wildlife Conservation Act 1950 (WA) (WC Act);  The Environmental Protection Act 1986 (WA) (EP Act); and  The Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (Cth) (EPBC Act).

These three acts provide for the protection of threatened flora, fauna (and fauna habitats) and ecological communities, while also addressing specific threats such as the clearing of native vegetation (see Appendix A.1 for an overview). Appendix A sets out definitions of conservation categories as well as additional information on environmental protection legislation and how it is applied in Western Australia.

In December 2016, several parts of the new Biodiversity Conservation Act 2016 (WA) were proclaimed. The Biodiversity Conservation Act 2016 is ultimately intended to replace the Sandalwood Act 1929 and the Wildlife Conservation Act 1950. At the time of compiling this report, the Biodiversity Conservation Act 2016 does not fully replace the Sandalwood Act 1929 and the Wildlife Conservation Act 1950. Specifically, threatened flora species listings and controls over the taking and keeping of native species are still covered under the Wildlife Conservation Act 1950. Whilst throughout this document, if reference is made to the Biodiversity Conservation Act 2016, this should be read so as to also include the Wildlife Conservation Act 1950 and vice versa.

Where flora has been gazetted as threatened flora under the WC Act, it is an offence “to take” such flora without the written consent of the Minister. The WC Act states that “to take” flora includes to gather, pluck, cut, pull up, destroy, dig up, remove or injure the flora or to cause or permit the same to be done by any means. Under the EPBC Act, a person must not take an action that has or will have a significant impact on a listed threatened species without approval from the Federal Minister for the Environment, unless those actions are not prohibited under the Act. Flora within Western Australia that is considered to be under threat may be classed as either threatened (federal/state level) or priority flora (state level) (see Appendix A.2).

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The Department of Parks and Wildlife (Parks and Wildlife) categorises priority flora using four categories, P1 to P4, to denote the conservation priority status of such species, with P1 listed species being the most threatened, and P4 the least. A similar listing is applied to priority ecological communities. Both threatened and priority listings are regularly reviewed by the relevant agencies, and may have their status changed when more information on the species or community becomes available. Appendix A.2 sets out additional information and definitions of both threatened and priority flora.

Under the EP Act, the clearing of native vegetation requires a permit to do so, from the Parks and Wildlife or the Department of Mines and Petroleum, unless that clearing is exempted under specific provisions listed in Schedule 6 of the Act, or are prescribed in the Environmental Protection (Clearing of Native Vegetation) Regulations 2004. Appendix A.3 sets out additional information on the clearing of native vegetation as described under the EP Act.

Flora or vegetation may be locally or regionally significant in addition to statutory listings by the State or Federal government. While not legislatively protected, these factors are taken into consideration during the assessment of mining proposals, clearing proposals and other proposed development. Appendix A.4 describes what factors may lead to a species or community to be considered locally or regionally significant.

3. METHODS

The survey was split into three main components: resolution of taxa, field survey and impact assessment and are outlined below. The main documents guiding the survey and impact assessment methodology were:  Woodman (2014a) – Flora and vegetation assessment of baseline data used to define the VTs within the AA, which were used for targeting species’ preferred habitats within the DE;  Woodman (2015) – Conservation significant flora risk assessment used to define the target species requiring further survey work and the categories and definitions developed to assess impact and risk within the DE and DF;  Woodman (2016a) – Method statement endorsed by OEPA and Parks and Wildlife that provided justification and an outline of survey methodology directly relevant to this report;  Woodman (2016b) – A summary of the taxa resolution outcomes of three conservation significant species identified in the risk assessment (Woodman 2015); and  Mattiske Consulting Pty Ltd (2016) – desktop assessment resulting in target areas for potential Paracaleana dixonii and Thelymitra pulcherrima habitat within the AA.

Background risk assessments and methodology design were carried out by Woodman (2015, 2016a) and formed the basis of determining which species required further survey work. Those species identified in Woodman (2016a) were based on correspondence with the OEPA and Parks and Wildlife and species with Moderate or higher probability of occurring in the DE. Species identified as requiring further survey work included: Andersonia gracilis, Anigozanthos viridis subsp. terraspectans, Macarthuria keigheryi and Paracaleana dixonii (Threatened); Babingtonia delicata and Grevillea thelemanniana subsp. Cooljarloo (B. J. Keighery 28 B) (Priority 1); Calectasia palustris, Chordifex reseminans (including all historic Chordifex chaunocoleus records from the AA), Thelymitra aff. pulcherrima and Hypocalymma sp. Cataby (G. J. Keighery 5151) (Priority 2). The risk assessment also identified three non-formally listed taxa requiring further resolution. These taxa were identified as having potential being significant risks due to their local importance. The outcomes of consultation by Woodman (2016b) are briefly described in section 3.1 below.

3.1. Resolution of Taxa

Three species identified in Woodman (2015; 2016a) as requiring taxonomic resolution were Leucopogon aff. sprengelioides, Eucalyptus aff. incrassata, and Cristonia biloba. The taxonomic and conservation status of Leucopogon aff. sprengelioides and Eucalyptus aff. incrassata were determined by Woodman (2016b) in liaison with the WA Herbarium (and other, where necessary) staff and concluded to not be of conservation significance and therefore no further survey work was to be required. Leucopogon aff. sprengelioides was determined to be an atypical variant of the species and therefore not a distinct taxon and in the absence of firm characters to provide separation (Woodman 2016b). Eucalyptus aff. incrassata

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was determined to be E. incrassata in the absence of firm characters to provide separation, and thus not afforded any conservation status (Woodman 2016b).

Two historic records of Cristonia biloba from 2006 and 2008 were noted to exist within the wider AA. Since these records (of which no specimens were collected at the time), this species complex has been split into two subspecies (Thompson 2010), one of which, C. biloba subsp. pubescens was regarded as a Priority 2 species. Therefore these locations required verification in the field, and if necessary, associated similar habitats (VTs) were to be targeted in Phase 1 and Phase 2 surveys as outlined below.

3.2. Field Survey

The field survey component was further split into three phases: Orchid habitat determination (specific for Paracaleana dixonii and Thelymitra pulcherrima), Phase 1 surveys within the DE and Phase 2 surveys within the AA for local context.

During all survey phases, if suspected or known other conservation significant taxa were encountered, specimens were collected and plant numbers recorded for the population.

All plant specimens collected during the field surveys were dried and processed in accordance with the requirements of the Western Australian Herbarium (WA Herbarium). The plant species were identified based on taxonomic literature and through comparison with pressed specimens housed at the WA Herbarium. Where appropriate, plant taxonomists with specialist skills were consulted. Nomenclature of the species recorded is in accordance with the Western Australian Herbarium (1998- ). All conservation significant Orchidaceae specimens were confirmed (via photographs) by specialist Andrew Brown at Parks and Wildlife. All threatened and priority flora report forms were completed and submitted to Parks and Wildlife in accordance with Permit to Take Declared Rare Flora (11-1516).

3.2.1. Orchid Habitat Determination

The objective of this component of the survey was to identify potential habitat of Paracaleana dixonii (T) and Thelymitra pulcherrima (P2) within the DE and AA and use this information to target surveys during known flowering periods to maximise the likelihood of recording these species, if present. Background information and methodology is outlined in Mattiske Consulting Pty Ltd (2016).

A desktop assessment of all P. dixonii and T. pulcherrima records from Parks and Wildlife (WA Herbarium) vouchered specimens, and the Tronox-Iluka Conservation Significant Flora Database records were used to assess site preferences to identify similar areas within the DE and AA. General target characteristics included slope, aspect, height, soil and geology.

Results from analysis of the target characteristics indicated that no potential areas were present within the DE, however 27.27 ha was present in the north-east corner of the AA for both species. Therefore, a higher emphasis was placed on local site knowledge (e.g. existing quadrats describing lateritic influences) and potential areas identified whilst surveying for other target species, with a focus on areas within VT18 and VT7 inside the DE. Surveys for the orchids were conducted as per the Phase 1 and 2 methodology described below.

3.2.2. Phase 1

During the field surveys, botanists had access to all relevant data in the Esri iOS app Collector for ArcGIS on Apple iPads (provided and maintained by CAD Resources, Carine, WA). Data layers accessible in the field included VT mapping (Woodman 2014a), Tronox-Iluka Conservation Significant Flora Database records, aerial imagery supplied by Tronox, development envelope, footprint and assessment area boundaries and the 50 x 50 m grid.

Firstly (and throughout the survey process), Mattiske botanists revisited known locations of each target species within the DE (and in AA if not located within the DE) and verified specimens, recording plant numbers and delineating populations (if applicable).

Secondly, the 50 x 50 m grid was overlayed on the AA and aligned as best as possible with the direction of the majority of existing cleared drill lines in the DE. The VTs identified as target habitat for the target species (namely VT1, VT2, VT5 and VT7) were surveyed by foot, via large zig-zags through each 50 x 50m

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grid within the VT. Where numbers of species were large, estimates were conducted over a 50 x 50m area, with a record being made approximately every 50 m.

As well as targeting the eleven conservation significant species, this methodology also covered all potential conservation significant species encountered during the field surveys.

During September field surveys, all known records of Macarthuria keigheryi (T) within the DE were re- visited by Mattiske botanists. As stated in Woodman (2016a), if the majority or all individuals had senesced since originally being recorded, then no further survey work was to be conducted. If the numbers of individuals were similar to those originally recorded, then further Phase 1 surveys of M. keigheryi within the DE were to be conducted as per other target conservation significant species. No records of M. keigheryi were relocated during the current survey, therefore no further survey work was deemed necessary for this species.

Two small areas with a high density of Anigozanthos viridis subsp. terraspectans (T) plants in the AA were encountered where population census methodology differed slightly from the aforementioned. Population numbers was estimated by traversing the boundary of the low-lying depression and extent of the high density population, recording GPS tracks and drawing a polygon over aerial photographs on the iPad. Counts were made of the number of individual plants (both flowering and vegetative) within 1 x 1 m quadrats over the two areas (the larger area was comprised of seven quadrats, the smaller area was comprised of four quadrats). The number of plants were averaged per square metre to the nearest whole number, and then extrapolated out to the area of each polygon (5607 m2 and 4072 m2). A single waypoint for inclusion in the Tronox-Iluka Conservation Significant Flora Database was created for each area.

Vegetation types were pre-determined by Woodman (2015) and provided guidance for the areas to be surveyed for each of the eleven target species. It was estimated that over 650 ha of target vegetation communities within the DE were surveyed at approximately 50 m intervals in a grid pattern as part of the Phase 1 surveys by Mattiske in 2016.

3.2.3. Phase 2

When deemed necessary (i.e. species with more than 10 % of total population numbers impacted by the project), known locations of relevant species outside the DE but within the AA were re-visited to expand upon population estimates and potentially record new populations in similar VTs. A similar methodology to Phase 1 was utilised, where likely VTs were surveyed by foot traverses in a 50 x 50m grid pattern. This phase was dependent upon species and numbers recorded during the Phase 1 surveys of the DE.

Phase 2 was deemed necessary and conducted for the following species: Andersonia gracilis, Anigozanthos viridis subsp. terraspectans, Chordifex reseminans and Babingtonia urbana, however any potential conservation significant species encountered during the Phase 2 field surveys were also recorded.

3.3. Survey Timing

The surveys were timed, where possible, to align with peak flowering periods of the target species. A total of six botanists from Mattiske Consulting Pty Ltd (Mattiske) were utilised during the survey work (Table 1). The survey dates, survey phase and number of personnel used are summarised in Table 1.

Although most species were identifiable without flower, in most cases, flowering plants meant they were more visible and more confident identifications could be made in the field. Majority of the survey work was conducted in July and August (64 field days) when 36 % and 45 % of the target species were likely to be flowering (Table 2). Notable above average rainfall was recorded in March, April and August, with other winter months recording similar monthly rainfalls to the long-term average (Table 2).

Survey effort over the AA was displayed as foot traverses (for the 2016 surveys only) in Figure 2.

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Table 1: Survey Timing

SURVEY DATES (2016) PHASE PERSONNEL DAYS

12-15th July Phase 1/ Taxa Resolution 2 4 26-29th July Phase 1 3 3.25 8-12th August Phase 1 4 5 15-18th August Phase 2 3 4 29-1st September Phase 2 4 4 5-7th September Phase 1 4 3 10-13th October Phase 1 3/2 2/2 31-2nd November Phase 2 2 3 7-9th December Phase 1 / Phase 2 2 3

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Table 2: Monthly comparison of target species’ flowering periods, rainfall and Mattiske survey intensity Note: highlighted cells for target species indicate known flowering months (based on information in Woodman (2016a) and Western Australian Herbarium (1998- )); green monthly rainfall records indicate a higher than average rainfall; red indicates lower than average rainfall; rainfall statistics were sourced from Bureau of Meteorology (2017) station 9014.

MONTH

JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC

Andersonia gracilis (T-VU/EN) 1 1 Anigozanthos viridis subsp. terraspectans (T-VU/VU) 1 1 Macarthuria keigheryi (T-EN/EN) 1 1 1 1 1 1

Paracaleana dixonii (T-VU/EN) 1 1 1 1 Babingtonia delicata (P1) 1 1 Grevillea thelemanniana subsp. Cooljarloo (B.J. Keighery 28 B) (P1) 1 1 1 1 Calectasia palustris (P2) 1 1 1 Chordifex reseminans (P2) 1 1 1

TARGET SPECIES TARGET Hypocalymma sp. Cataby (G.J. Keighery 5151) (P2) 1 Thelymitra pulcherrima (P2) 1 1 1 Cristonia biloba subsp. pubescens (P2) 1 1 1

Proportion of target species flowering (%) 9 9 18 9 9 27 36 45 45 27 36 27 Dandaragan West monthly total rainfall (mm) 14.4 0 58.8 67.2 79.4 126 109 119.5 44.8 26.6 5.8 - Dandaragan West long-term average monthly rainfall (mm) 11 13.4 17.5 32 80.3 117.3 117.4 94.6 57.3 34.1 17.6 8.7

STATISTIC Survey effort (No. field days) 0 0 0 0 0 0 20 44 16 10 6 6

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3.4. Impact Assessment

Data for the impact assessment was primarily based on the Tronox-Iluka Conservation Significant Flora Database which contains numerous threatened and priority flora records from historic exploration surveys for numerous companies in the Geraldton Sandplains region, and the comprehensive data collected during the 2016 surveys by Mattiske.

Initially, an update of the Tronox-Iluka Conservation Significant Flora Database was conducted, including:  All threatened and priority species rankings were updated to reflect current listings;  All species names were updated to reflect current nomenclature as accepted by the WA Herbarium (Western Australian Herbarium 1998- ). Important changes included: . All Chordifex chaunocoleus records were treated as C. reseminans – as confirmed by WA Herbarium taxonomists, and advised by the client. . All Malleostemon sp. Cooljarloo (B. Backhouse s.n. 16/11/88) records were treated as Babingtonia delicata (Rye 2015). . All Baeckea sp. Perth Region (R.J. Cranfield 444) records were treated as Babingtonia urbana (Rye 2015).  Where “R_Number” was blank, it was assumed that at least one plant was present.  If a range was given for “R_Number”, then the median (whole) number was used for calculations.  If the “R_Number” was “0” in the database, then it was left as “0”.  Mattiske 2016 records (with a 10 m buffer) were intersected with historic records from the Tronox-Iluka Conservation Significant Flora Database to determine records that were revisited. These points were then reviewed based on field comments and specimen identifications, and then either updated or left in the database.  Where a species number was updated (i.e. a re-visit of a historic record) by Mattiske during the 2016 surveys, this record was updated to reflect the recent plant number, however the original details were left in the database and are still associated with the recent record. All Macarthuria keigheryi (T) locations were updated to reflect current numbers, however due to historic records being present within the DE and DF, the impact to this species considers both recent and historic plant numbers. Similarly, due to the knowledge of a single record of Paracaleana dixonii (T) existing within the DE, this plant was included in the impact assessment. All Andersonia gracilis (T) in the DE were updated to reflect current plant numbers. For A. gracilis, in the case of large population in the AA south of Wongonderrah Road, not all records were able to be accurately re-visited and counted (especially when not in flower), however observations suggested plants were still present within the population but records were not updated – time was deemed better spent searching for additional populations in the area. For all other conservation significant species encountered during the surveys, the numbers of plants were updated to reflect the current number at that location.

The ranking categories and definitions applied by Woodman (2015) were utilised in this report to maintain consistency between previous and current impact assessment methods. The regional significance of local populations was determined for all conservation significant taxa occurring within the AA using rankings presented in Table 3. Assessment of the risk of significant impact on conservation significant taxa was then undertaken by assessment of the impact on number of plants (Table 4).

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Table 3: Significance ranking of local populations of conservation significant flora to the regional conservation of each taxon Note: Categories and definitions as presented in Table 2, Woodman (2015).

SIGNIFICANCE CATEGORY DEFINITION HIGH  Known taxon range either entirely located within AA or within the AA and extending to a radius of < 5 km of the AA; or  Taxon known from < 5 discrete populations, including within the AA; and  AA on boundary of taxon’s known regional distribution; or  Taxon listed as threatened. MODERATE (MOD.)  Known taxon range extends < 50 km; and  Taxon known from > 5 discrete populations; and  AA may be on boundary of taxon’s known regional distribution. LOW  Known taxon range extends > 50 km; and  Taxon known from > 20 discrete populations; and  AA not on boundary of taxon’s known regional distribution.

Table 4: Impact ranking on the numbers of plants in the Assessment Area Note: Categories and definitions as presented in Table 4b, Woodman (2015).

IMPACT CATEGORY DEFINITION

VERY LOW < 1 % of numbers of plants known to occur in the AA to be impacted

LOW 1-10 % of numbers of plants known to occur in the AA to be impacted 10-30 % of numbers of plants known to occur in the AA to be MODERATE (MOD.) impacted HIGH > 30 % of numbers of plants known to occur in the AA to be impacted

3.5. Vegetation Types and Habitat Associations

Vegetation types (VTs) within the AA were defined by Woodman (2014a) and were used to inform habitat associations with the target species. The Woodman (2014a) report identified and described 18 vegetation types, comprising two super-groups. Super-group 1 consisted of VT1-16, related to landscape positions with greater moisture availability, e.g. wetlands, areas underlain by limestone, or soils with greater clay content. Super-group 2 consisted of VT17-18, related to Banksia woodlands to shrublands on undulating plains and dunes of deeper sand, on drier sandy soils.

As per directive from the Department of Parks and Wildlife and Tronox, vegetation type boundaries were validated and revised where necessary. This process was based on field observations (i.e. not quadrat- based assessments as this was not within the scope of this survey). Polygons were drawn in situ to re- define large (generally treated as > 50 m) discrepancies with Woodman mapping boundaries. Only areas within the DE which were obviously different based on structural (woodland versus heath or low shrubland) and wet (i.e. Super-group 1) versus dry (i.e. Super-group 2) vegetation types were changed.

Based on the refined mapping boundaries, the proportion of locations of records were calculated per VT to re-determine habitat associations between target species and the environment they were most commonly recorded in. The target species were ranked according to the impact on preferred habitat (VTs) within the DE and DF (see Table 5 for definitions).

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Table 5: Impact ranking on the preferred habitat of conservation significant species in the Assessment Area Note: Categories and definitions as presented in Table 4a, Woodman (2015).

IMPACT CATEGORY DEFINITION

VERY LOW < 1 % of preferred habitat in the AA to be impacted

LOW 1-10 % of preferred habitat in the AA to be impacted

MODERATE (MOD.) 10-30 % of preferred habitat in the AA to be impacted

HIGH > 30 % of preferred habitat in the AA to be impacted

In order to place the risk of significant impact at the local scale into a broader regional context, the risk rankings were then correlated with the ranking of significance of local populations for each of the conservation significant species known from the AA (Table 6).

Table 6: Risk of significance ranking of impact on regional conservation status of conservation significant species Note: Categories and definitions as presented in Table 5, Woodman (2015).

SIGNIFICANCE OF IMPACT RANKING (from Table 4/5) LOCAL POPULATIONS VERY LOW LOW MODERATE (MOD.) HIGH (from Table 3)

LOW Low Low Low Moderate

MODERATE (MOD.) Low Low Moderate High

HIGH Low Moderate High High

3.6. Survey Limitations

The contextual information available prior to the 2016 surveys was more than sufficient to inform the methodology and local and regional context. The area has been part of numerous environmental impact assessments over the past decade pertaining to the Cooljarloo West Project. The culmination of species records in the Tronox-Iluka Conservation Significant Flora Database from multiple mining and consultant companies provided detailed knowledge on population numbers, locations, habitat associations, known flowering periods etc. to aid the survey.

The Mattiske botanists were familiarised with the target flora species identified in the Woodman (2016a) method statement prior to conducting extensive Phase 1 surveys. All five field botanists had prior experience conducting surveys in the Swan Coastal Plain and Geraldton Sandplains Regions, with three of the botanists having conducted surveys for Tronox in the past and being familiar with the project area.

All target species (except B. delicata) were recorded within the AA in flower and identifications confirmed with reference material available by the WA Herbarium, and where necessary, by specialist taxonomists at the WA Herbarium. Two Orchidaceae species previously unknown from the local area were recorded within the DE, highlighting that survey timing was sufficient to capture species with short flowering periods. Further information of survey timing and rainfall prior to the surveys is presented in section 3.3.

The Mattiske 2016 surveys targeted VTs identified as preferred habitat for the target conservation significant species by Woodman (2016a). Approximately 650 ha of VTs 1, 2, 5, 7 and 18 were extensively surveyed within the DE at approximately 50 m grid intervals.

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Due to the extended 2016 rainfall period, and the necessity to conduct surveys in July and August, some areas in the AA especially, were inaccessible at the time of survey due to higher than usual water levels and dieback hygiene restrictions. Whilst some areas in the western AA, near the nature reserves to the south and north of the AA, and main access tracks in the northern AA were unable to be accessed in the winter months, once they dried up at the end of spring, access to these areas was possible. Given the numbers and spread of the target species recorded in the AA, it is not believed that access restrictions posed a negative impact on the overall numbers recorded and conclusions formed in this report.

4. RESULTS

4.1. Resolution of Taxa

The two historic records of Cristonia biloba were revisited by Mattiske botanists in July (the known flowering time of C. biloba). One locality from 2006 in the Falcon area was not relocated: botanists checked a nearby marked quadrat and the 50 m surrounding the historic locality. The other locality from 2008, to the west of the DE along a firebreak track, was burnt in the summer of 2015-2016 and was not relocated. As there were no current specimens within the AA or DE to base the occurrence of the Priority 2 C. biloba subsp. pubescens on, it was deemed unlikely to occur within the DE and the habitat could not conclusively be defined for this species.

4.2. Targeted Conservation Significant Taxa

Ten of the eleven target species were recorded in the DE and/or AA. An additional eight priority species were recorded during surveys, furthermore, historic records were updated for three other priority species that were otherwise not recorded during the 2016 surveys.

Between July and November of 2016, Mattiske botanists revisited 295 historic records however 191 of these records were not located in the field (i.e. the number of plants were recorded as zero at these re- visited records). This was due to various reasons, including: plants senescing since original record made, inaccurate or unverified historic identifications, not surveyed at peak flowering period, error in historic location, location cleared due to ongoing exploration activities, or un-favourable environmental conditions (i.e. requires fire to germinate).

Where re-visited during the 2016 surveys, records in the Tronox-Iluka Conservation Significant Flora Database were updated to reflect current numbers. Nomenclature updates and updates to conservation codes to reflect current accepted names and conservation status were also applied. A summary of the changes to records in the historic database is presented in Appendix B.

The number of locations and number of plants for the target species, other species recorded during the 2016 surveys and historically recorded species within the AA are summarised in Table 7a and Table 7b. Furthermore, detailed descriptions of each of the target species and other species recorded during the 2016 surveys are given in the sub-sections below. The locations of each conservation significant species recorded in the AA, DE and DF are displayed in Figures 3.1-3.5.

All geographic locations of conservation significant species recorded historically or recently within the AA are listed in Appendix C.

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Table 7a: Number of plants (and locations) of conservation significant flora taxa recorded within the Assessment Area, deemed to be impacted. Note: Records with a recent number of “0” were not included in these totals (i.e. locations that were re-visited and no plant found); ‘CC’ refers to the conservation code; ^ indicates that the totals include species records with a ‘?’ (i.e. not positively confirmed); bolded records indicates species specifically targeted as part of the survey methodology; “proportion of plants impacted” was calculated from the total within the AA (but excluding the portion of the AA covered by the existing mine lease, M 268SA); “grand total” includes all regional species records from the Tronox-Iluka Conservation Significant Flora Database.

PROPORTION OF PLANTS IMPACTED TOTAL NUMBER OF PLANTS (TOTAL NUMBER OF LOCATIONS) (%) GRAND AA DE DF GDA SPECIES CC TOTAL [incl. DE & [excl. DF, DE DF DF & GDA [incl. all [incl. DF & [incl. M DF, excl. M incl records records] M 268SA] 268SA] 268SA] in AA, DE] 18708 10381 3302 Andersonia gracilis T 167 (48) 31.81 1.61 1.61 (1284) (476) (166) 267925 265555 Anigozanthos viridis subsp. terraspectans ^ T 170 (13) 165 (11) 0.06 0.06 0.06 (101) (57) 2878 Paracaleana dixonii T 1 (1) 1 (1) 0 100.00 0.00 0.00 (1416) 219113 200570 162167 92292 Chordifex reseminans P2 215 (4) 80.85 46.01 46.12 (1898) (1711) (1232) (714) Thelymitra pulcherrima P2 78 (59) 9 (6) 9 (6) 4 (1) 100.00 44.44 44.44 Hypocalymma angustifolium x H. xanthopetalum N/A 1 (1) 1 (1) 1 (1) 0 100.00 0.00 0.00 Isotropis cuneifolia subsp. glabra P2 185 (13) 185 (13) 24 (11) 12 (6) 12.97 6.49 6.49 Allocasuarina grevilleoides P3 69 (10) 25 (2) 5 (1) 5 (1) 20.00 20.00 20.00 86119 81393 Babingtonia urbana P3 59118 (813) 26975 (413) 250 (2) 72.63 33.14 33.45 (1145) (1078) Banksia dallanneyi subsp. pollosta P3 11979 (152) 5097 (71) 1405 (30) 1001 (2) 27.57 19.64 19.64 Conospermum scaposum P3 13563 (244) 11272 (183) 3556 (93) 1021 (32) 31.55 9.06 9.06 Desmocladus biformis P3 2 (2) 1 (1) 1 (1) 1 (1) 100.00 100.00 100.00 Guichenotia alba P3 387 (51) 166 (14) 156 (13) 156 (13) 93.98 93.98 93.98 Hakea longiflora P3 445 (25) 320 (13) 320 (13) 0 100.00 0.00 0.00 Hensmania stoniella P3 571 (122) 80 (21) 1 (1) 0 1 (1) 1.25 0.00 1.25 18582 Isopogon panduratus subsp. palustris P3 14893 (682) 25 (7) 0 0.17 0.00 0.00 (1013)

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PROPORTION OF PLANTS IMPACTED TOTAL NUMBER OF PLANTS (TOTAL NUMBER OF LOCATIONS) (%) GRAND AA DE DF GDA SPECIES CC TOTAL [incl. DE & [excl. DF, DE DF DF & GDA [incl. all [incl. DF & [incl. M DF, excl. M incl records records] M 268SA] 268SA] 268SA] in AA, DE] Platysace ramosissima P3 267 (80) 155 (11) 60 (3) 10 (2) 38.71 6.45 6.45 Schoenus pennisetis P3 1767 (46) 1703 (39) 22 (4) 20 (2) 1.29 1.17 1.17 Stylidium hymenocraspedum ^ P3 826 (176) 662 (152) 479 (108) 152 (31) 48 (3) 72.36 22.96 30.21 Anigozanthos humilis subsp. chrysanthus P4 241 (28) 5 (3) 5 (3) 2 (1) 100.00 40.00 40.00 Conostephium magnum P4 2834 (283) 2760 (258) 1076 (145) 9 (9) 72 (6) 38.99 0.33 2.93 Schoenus griffinianus P4 3571 (509) 126 (38) 39 (12) 28 (5) 8 (8) 30.95 22.22 28.57 Thelymitra apiculata P4 2 (2) 2 (2) 2 (2) 2 (2) 100.00 100.00 100.00 Thysanotus glaucus P4 30 (24) 13 (7) 3 (2) 0 23.08 0.00 0.00 Verticordia lindleyi subsp. lindleyi ^ P4 4296 (154) 2588 (108) 1368 (48) 468 (23) 52.86 18.08 18.08

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Table 7b: Number of plants (and locations) of conservation significant flora taxa recorded within the Assessment Area, deemed not to be impacted. Note: Records with a recent number of “0” were not included in these totals (i.e. locations that were re-visited and no plant found); ‘CC’ refers to the conservation code; ^ indicates that the totals include species records with a ‘?’ (i.e. not positively confirmed); bolded records indicates species specifically targeted as part of the survey methodology; “proportion of plants impacted” was calculated from the total within the AA (but excluding the portion of the AA covered by the existing mine lease, M 268SA); “grand total” includes all regional species records from the Tronox-Iluka Conservation Significant Flora Database.

TOTAL NUMBER OF PLANTS (TOTAL NUMBER OF LOCATIONS)

SPECIES CC GRAND TOTAL AA DE DF GDA [incl. DE & DF, [incl. DF & M [excl. DF, incl [incl. all records] [incl. M 268SA] excl. M 268SA] 268SA] records in AA, DE] Macarthuria keigheryi T 565 (69) 565 (69) 0 0 Grevillea thelemanniana subsp. Cooljarloo (B.J. Keighery 28 B) ^ P1 3763 (245) 3236 (197) 0 0 Calectasia palustris P2 131 (43) 60 (16) 0 0 Diuris eburnea ^ P1 1 (1) 1 (1) 0 0 Lyginia excelsa P1 106 (8) 1 (1) 0 0 Desmocladus microcarpus P2 8 (8) 8 (8) 0 0 Lepyrodia curvescens P2 4 (3) 2 (1) 0 0 Stenanthemum sublineare P2 1 (1) 1 (1) 0 0 Stylidium aceratum P2 52 (3) 1 (1) 0 0 Angianthus micropodioides P3 18976 (37) 17963 (23) 0 0 Babingtonia cherticola P3 1 (1) 1 (1) 0 0 Beaufortia bicolor P3 33 (6) 13 (4) 0 0 Beaufortia eriocephala P3 1 (1) 1 (1) 0 0 Beyeria cinerea subsp. cinerea P3 1 (1) 1 (1) 0 0 Desmocladus nodatus P3 132 (44) 39 (20) 0 0 Eryngium pinnatifidum subsp. Palustre (G.J. Keighery 13459) P3 55 (6) 55 (6) 0 0 Goodenia perryi P3 420 (4) 370 (3) 0 0 Hibbertia spicata subsp. leptotheca P3 1 (1) 1 (1) 0 0 1 (1) Hypocalymma gardneri P3 780 (494) 1 (1) 0 0 Jacksonia carduacea P3 358 (26) 22 (9) 0 0

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TOTAL NUMBER OF PLANTS (TOTAL NUMBER OF LOCATIONS)

SPECIES CC GRAND TOTAL AA DE DF GDA [incl. DE & DF, [incl. DF & M [excl. DF, incl [incl. all records] [incl. M 268SA] excl. M 268SA] 268SA] records in AA, DE] Leucopogon sp. Yanchep (M. Hislop 1986) P3 1 (1) 1 (1) 0 0 Persoonia rudis P3 172 (146) 1 (1) 0 0 Calytrix aff. eneabbensis - 4 (4) 2 (2) 0 0 Frankenia glomerata P4 1134 (21) 1132 (19) 0 0 Ornduffia submersa P4 1 (1) 1 (1) 0 0 Schoenus natans P4 1 (1) 1 (1) 0 0 Stylidium longitubum P4 5 (5) 4 (4) 0 0

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320000 330000 340000 350000 360000 Legend Client: 0 1.5 3km Figure: Development Envelope Cooljarloo West Project Assessment Area Scale: 1:125,000 28 Central Road, Kalamunda WA 6076 ~ Tel: 9257 1625 ~ Fax: 9257 1640 MGA94 (Zone 50) Mine Lease (M268SA) Author: E M Mattiske MCPL Ref: TJV1601/023/16 Priority 4 Flora Development Footprint CAD Ref: a2428F003_05 ± Drawn: CAD Resources ~ www.cadresources.com.au DPaW Estate Date: Mar 2017 Rev: A A3 Tel: (08) 9246 3242 ~ Fax (08) 9246 3202 in the Assessment Area 3.5 25.

4.2.1. Andersonia gracilis (T/EN)

All historic records of Andersonia gracilis within the DE were revisited during the 2016 surveys. Six historic A. gracilis records were likely to be location errors, resulting in the removal of one record from the DE, two records from the DF and a further three records from the AA, totalling a loss of 648 plants from the Tronox-Iluka Conservation Significant Flora Database. These records were often located in VT17 or VT18, on sandy slopes and dunes in woodland vegetation and dated back to between 1998 and 2002.

Fluctuations in the number of records at historic and current locations was noted in the field, with some locations yielding more than previously recorded, but many resulting in fewer plants than recorded approximately 8-10 years prior. A. gracilis was noted to be flowering prolifically in late September and early October (Plate 1a). Overall, the 2016 survey resulted in 180 new records of A. gracilis, 91 of which were located in the DE and DF areas (totalling 1,590 plants). Notably, additional records in the AA included 473 plants from 119 locations within Parks and Wildlife estate R26248, Wongonderrah Nature Reserve. Based on updates from the 2016 surveys, 1.61% of the numbers of A. gracilis plants within the AA are likely to be impacted by the DF (Table 7a).

4.2.2. Anigozanthos viridis subsp. terraspectans (T/VU)

Anigozanthos viridis subsp. terraspectans (and the common subsp. viridis) plants were flowering in surveys during early November (Plate 1b). One historic record was noted during a re-visit in 2016 as a location error, resulting in the loss of eight plants in the AA from the Tronox-Iluka Conservation Significant Flora Database. The number of plants at historic locations fluctuated greatly with regards to the time since fire. In the DE, all historic locations re-visited in 2016 had remained unburnt for decades and only 12 % of these re-visited records were positively relocated. However, an additional ten records of 68 plants were recorded in the DE and DF, mostly on existing, cleared drill tracks in lower-lying areas.

Further emphasising the importance of time since fire to the population presence and extent, was the significant find of over 260,000 plants in the southern AA in an area burnt in the 2015/2016 summer. This historic record was originally of 1000 plants before the fire event; however estimates over two high density areas and numerous other locations in the vicinity indicated the presence of over 260,000 plants. This significant population in the AA resulted in a minimal impact to only 0.06 % of plants both in the DE and the DF (Table 7a).

All large population historic locations in the AA (and some others in the DE) were visited in August/September with no sign of even vegetative material of A. viridis subsp. terraspectans and comments often relating to the soil being damp or the low-lying area being inundated. However, when some locations were re-visited in November, when the wetlands had predominantly dried out, plants were present and in prolific flower. Timing was essential to recording this species and it is likely that other populations unable to be re-visited in November in the AA (affected by the 2015/2016 summer fire) also had high numbers of individuals present.

4.2.3. Macarthuria keigheryi (T/EN)

No Macarthuria keigheryi plants were re-located within the DE and DF during September 2016. Furthermore, no plants were recorded during foot traverses by MCPL in the DF, DE or AA, although the preferred habitat for this species was not specifically targeted (Table 10). Therefore the impact to M. keigheryi based on the 2016 results is zero. No further Phase 1 or Phase 2 surveys were required to be carried out for this species, as per the methodology statement (Woodman 2016a).

However, as this threatened species has been recorded in the DE and DF in 2006, 2007 and 2009, the records are therefore included as a comparison to current impacts in Table 8. Historic locations and numbers are included in Appendix C, whereas locations with zero plants recorded in 2016 surveys are excluded from Figure 3.1. It is possible that more records would be recorded in the DE following a significant fire event in the species’ preferred habitats (VT17 and VT18).

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Table 8: Historic and current numbers of Macarthuria keigheryi (T/EN) plants known from the Assessment Area Note: 1 from Tronox-Iluka Conservation Significant Flora Database; 2 from 2016 Mattiske surveys.

HISTORIC NUMBER OF CURRENT NUMBER OF CATEGORY PLANTS (LOCATIONS)1 PLANTS (LOCATIONS)2

AA 854 (146) 565 (69) [incl. DE & DF, excl. M 268SA] DE 288 (75) 0 (0) [incl. DF & M 268SA] DF 98 (26) 0 (0) [incl. M 268SA] PROPORTION OF PLANTS 33.72 0.00 IMPACTED BY DE (%) PROPORTION OF PLANTS 11.48 0.00 IMPACTED BY DF (%)

4.2.4. Paracaleana dixonii (T/EN)

As expected based on outcomes from previous consultant survey reports, no P. dixonii individuals were re-located at the historic record in the DE. However, an additional, new record from the DE, located approximately 2 km south-east of the historic record, was discovered by Mattiske botanists in early December 2016. This single plant was flowering at the time and photographs were confirmed by Andrew Brown at Parks and Wildlife (the plant was left in situ and not collected; Plate 1c; M. Hislop, A. Brown pers. comm. 12/12/2016).

This new location was not part of any of the areas considered to be probable habitat identified in the memorandum (Mattiske 2016), however, was identified during field surveys for other target species as having similar vegetation structure and species to the historic P. dixonii location in the DE. Once discovered, the surrounding area of VT18 was surveyed at a higher intensity (10 m spacing between transects), and other nearby polygons of VT18 to the north, east, west and south were also surveyed.

The target areas identified in the orchid habitat determination memorandum (the north-east corner of the AA) were also searched in December for the P. dixonii, with no plants found. The two localities appear to be opportunistic records and represent anomalies from the higher density populations known from the Eneabba-Dongara areas in the northern Geraldton Sandplains region. Areas of VT7 and heath vegetation with lateritic influences within VT18 were surveyed in December within the DE, and were selected based on previous areas surveyed for the Thelymitra pulcherrima and other species that were noted as potential P. dixonii habitat.

Whilst 100 % of all known records in the AA occur in the DE, there will be no overall impact however of P. dixonii within the DE (Table 7a). The historic record plus a 50 m buffer has been excised from the DF, therefore has been excluded from the DF impacts. The new record is located on the eastern side of the DE, approximately 80 m south-east of a road entity of the DF, therefore is unlikely to be directly impacted (Figure 3.1). Both records are displayed in Figure 3.1 for contextual purposes.

4.2.5. Babingtonia delicata (P1)

The original record of Babingtonia delicata (P1) (previously Malleostemon sp. Cooljarloo (B. Backhouse s.n. 16/11/88)) was re-located by Western Botanical (2014a) and re-identified as the Priority 3 Babingtonia urbana. Therefore, no historical records of B. delicata occurred within the DE or DF and furthermore, none were recorded during the 2016 surveys despite extensive searching the taxon’s preferred habitat (Table 7b).

Mattiske Consulting Pty Ltd 27.

4.2.6. Calectasia palustris (P1)

Calectasia palustris was not recorded within the DE during the 2016 surveys (Table 7b). However, thirty additional locations of 115 plants were recorded in the AA, with more than 80% of locations within VT2 and VT5. These records were all in the northern AA, to the south of Wongonderrah Road. Field observations noted that these records were flowering at the end of August and were often on the fringe of seasonally inundated wetlands (Plate 1c, d). Based on the comprehensive survey of VT2 and VT5 areas within the DE in 2016, it is unlikely that any C. palustris plants occur within the DE, resulting in zero impact (Table 7b).

4.2.7. Chordifex reseminans (P2)

Five re-located specimens (from new and historic C. reseminans and C. chaunocoleus locations) were initially submitted to the WA Herbarium for identification and confirmed as the Priority 2 C. reseminans (M. Hislop, pers. comm. 6/9/2016). All historic C. chaunocoleus records were therefore treated as C. reseminans during the Phase 1 and Phase 2 surveys (and have been merged for impact assessment). This species was found to be in much higher than expected density within the DE, and a comparably lower density within the areas targeted within the AA (Figure 3.3).

Approximately 200,570 Chordifex reseminans plants from 1,711 locations were recorded within the bounds of the AA, with 80.85% of these plants occurring in the DE and with 46.01% of these plants occurring in the DF (Table 7a). Furthermore, 56,000 C. reseminans plants occur within the AA but outside the combined DE and DF, and 66 of these plants from 12 locations were recorded within Parks and Wildlife estate, R 40916.

4.2.8. Grevillea thelemanniana subsp. Cooljarloo (B.J. Keighery 28 B) (P1)

The historic record representing a single Grevillea thelemanniana subsp. Cooljarloo (B.J. Keighery 28 B) plant in the DE was not relocated during the 2016 surveys. The record was located on a drill track, adjacent to a drill pad which was likely cleared after the plant was recorded. The associated habitat surrounding this historic location (VT7 polygon) was surveyed by Mattiske botanists in a 50m grid pattern and no other plants were located.

Some records outside the DE in the AA were re-visited in August and September and plants were found to be in full-flower and clearly visible and distinct from surrounding vegetation, confirming that the survey timing was appropriate (Plate 1f). No other records of the Grevillea were encountered in the DE during the Mattiske 2016 surveys. Furthermore, 167 additional records (and 2814 additional plants) in the AA were recorded by Mattiske during the 2016 surveys. These locations were in similar habitats to the Calectasia palustris records, with 66.40% of plants recorded in VT2 in areas mostly to the west of the DE in the AA and south of Wongonderrah Road in the north of the AA (Table 7b; Figure 3.2).

4.2.9. Hypocalymma sp. Cataby (G.J. Keighery 5151) (P2)

The historic record representing a single Hypocalymma sp. Cataby (G.J. Keighery 5151) plant was relocated in the DE and was readily identifiable in the field as a large shrub to 160 cm. Initially this location was visited on 12th July and re-visited on 8th August to collect a flowering specimen for identification by WA Herbarium taxonomists (Plate 1g). Grids up to 100m from this location were searched by Mattiske botanists and no other records were located. The specimen was confirmed as a hybrid between Hypocalymma angustifolium x Hypocalymma xanthopetalum (M. Hislop, pers. comm. 6/9/2016). Hypocalymma angustifolium (8 plants) and Hypocalymma xanthopetalum (10 plants) were growing in close proximity, up to 10m away from the hybrid record. As the record was not regarded as a conservation significant species, no further survey work was conducted. This species has not been represented in any Figures, however is included in Table 7a and the geographic co-ordinate is included in Appendix C.

4.2.10. Thelymitra aff. pulcherrima (P2)

No historic records of Thelymitra pulcherrima were known from the DE or AA area prior to 2016. The target areas identified in the orchid habitat determination memorandum (the north-east corner of the AA) were searched in July for T. pulcherrima, with none found. However, nine plants at six nearby locations were recorded in the DE by Mattiske in August 2016 (Table 7a; Plate 1h). These records were confirmed

Mattiske Consulting Pty Ltd 28.

(via photograph) by Andrew Brown at Parks and Wildlife (pers. comm. 24/8/2016). One specimen was collected for vouchering purposes with the WA Herbarium. Four of the T. pulcherrima records lie within the central DF area and the other five are within close proximity to the DF boundary (Figure 3.3). The new locations were not part of any of the areas identified in the desktop assessment (Mattiske 2016), however, were identified during field surveys for other target species in VT1 and VT5.

A. Brown (Parks and Wildlife), informed Mattiske that 12 plants (more than the three originally recorded) were located at the PERTH 08762171 record (approximately 2 km east of the AA) after a re-visit by members of the West Australian Native Orchid Study and Conservation Group in 2016 (not included in the Tronox-Iluka Conservation Significant Flora Database). Therefore, a total of 21 plants from two populations are currently known locally from the Cataby area. Compared to regional records, mostly in the Eneabba-Dongara areas, 10.0% of T. pulcherrima plants will be impacted in the DE (Table 9).

Mattiske Consulting Pty Ltd 29.

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d e f

g h

Plate 1: Target taxa inflorescences. a Andersonia gracilis (T/EN); b Anigozanthos viridis subsp. terraspectans (T/VU); c Paracaleana dixonii (T/EN); d, e Calectasia palustris, with stilt roots; f Grevillea thelemanniana subsp. Cooljarloo (B.J. Keighery 28 B) (P1); g Hypocalymma angustifolium x Hypocalymma xanthopetalum; h Thelymitra pulcherrima (P2) (photograph by B. Ellery). Note: Unless otherwise stated, all photographs by N. Murdock.

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4.3. Other Conservation Significant Taxa

Other positive records of conservation significant taxa recorded by Mattiske during the 2016 surveys within the DE and AA are briefly detailed below. Only revisited species where plant numbers were the same or had increased (i.e. not species where flora was not relocated) were included.

Allocasuarina grevilleoides (P3) A single record of Allocasuarina grevilleoides was revisited during foot traverses in the AA. A more detailed count resulted in 20 plants being recorded (Table 7a; Appendix B). One other record of five plants is known to occur in the DF (Table 7a).

Babingtonia urbana (P3) Babingtonia urbana was found to have a scattered and patchy distribution, however was much more widespread in the DE and surrounds than indicated by historical Tronox-Iluka Conservation Significant Flora Database records. Two specimens from the DE were initially submitted to the WA Herbarium for identification and were confirmed as the Priority 3 taxa, B. urbana (pers. comm. M. Hislop, 6/9/2016).

A total of 81,393 plants from 1,078 locations in the AA were recorded (Table 7a). Over 33.14% of these plants lie within the DF, sharing a similar preferred habitat with Chordifex reseminans (P2). Field observations noted that often when the Chordifex dropped out and the soil became damper and more open in vegetation structure, the B. urbana density increased and became dominant in patches up to 200m wide, but was otherwise often scattered in low density throughout the VT1 community. Furthermore, eleven locations representing 989 plants were located in nearby Parks and Wildlife tenure R 26248 and R 40916 (Figure 3.4).

Beaufortia bicolor (P3) Whilst surveying the target area for potential Paracaleana dixonii locations in the AA, an additional population of 55 plants of Beaufortia bicolor was recorded (Appendix B). This species is only known from the AA and is not likely to be impacted by the project (Table 7b). The specimen was confirmed at the WA Herbarium (pers. comm. M. Hislop, 1/2/2017).

Conospermum scaposum (P3) An additional 64 locations of Conospermum scaposum were recorded by Mattiske botanists during the 2016 surveys (Table 7a; Appendix B). This species was noted to be a disturbance opportunist, often with small patches of relatively high numbers recorded on cleared drill tracks and fire breaks. Whilst over 31.55% of plants within the AA lie within the DE, only 9.06% of these lie within the DF (Table 7a).

Conostephium magnum (P4) An additional 42 locations of Conostephium magnum were recorded during the 2016 surveys. Most records are located on the southern side of the DE, continuing south in high numbers into the AA (Figure 3.5). Despite 38.99% of plants within the AA being located in the DE, only 0.33% lie within the DF and are therefore likely to be directly impacted (Table 7a).

Guichenotia alba (P3) An additional 14 locations (166 plants) of Guichenotia alba were recorded during the 2016 surveys, 13 of which were within the DF. Based on records known from the AA, almost 93.98% of plants are likely to be directly impacted by the DF (Table 7a).

Isopogon panduratus subsp. palustris (P3) Isopogon panduratus subsp. palustris occurs predominantly to the north of the DE, in the AA (Figure 3.4). During the 2016 surveys, 416 additional records of this species were made, of which seven of these locations (25 plants) were recorded within the DE (Table 7a; Plate 2a). Only 0.17% of plants within the AA occur in the DE and none of these were located in the DF (Table 7a).

Isotropis cuneifolia subsp. glabra (P2) Isotropis cuneifolia subsp. glabra was unknown from the AA prior to the Mattiske 2016 surveys. Two specimens were submitted to the WA Herbarium and confirmed by M. Hislop as the Priority 2 species (pers. comm. 6/12/2016). A total of 13 locations were recorded (185 plants) of which, 12.97% of the number of plants in the AA were located within the DE and 6.49% of the number of plants in the AA were

Mattiske Consulting Pty Ltd 31.

located within the DF (Table 7a). One large population of 150 plants was recorded in the AA, to the south of the DE in an area burnt in the summer of 2015/2016 (Plate 2b). The plants were growing in a damp, seasonally inundated wetland area of VT1. Other records within the DE were of few and scattered numbers often in damp to wet slight depressions or on the perimeter of Melaleuca rhaphiophylla or Melaleuca viminea dense shrublands (VT9b).

Thelymitra apiculata (P4) Whilst targeting VT1 and VT5 during the July 2016 surveys, two locations of a total of two individuals of Thelymitra apiculata were recorded within the DF (Table 7a). These records were confirmed (via photograph) by Andrew Brown at Parks and Wildlife (pers. comm. 8/8/2016; Plate 2c). One specimen was collected for vouchering purposes for the WA Herbarium.

Verticordia lindleyi subsp. lindleyi (P4) An additional 23 records of 216 plants of Verticordia lindleyi subsp. lindleyi were recorded during the 2016 Mattiske surveys (Appendix B). Over 52.86% of records known in the AA are located within the DE and 18.08% of records known in the AA are located within DF (Table 7a).

a B c

Plate 2: Other conservation significant taxa inflorescences. a Isopogon panduratus subsp. palustris (P3); b Isotropis cuneifolia subsp. glabra (P2); c Thelymitra apiculata (P4) Note: Unless otherwise stated, all photographs by N. Murdock.

A re-visit of a single historic location of Verticordia huegelii var. tridens (P3) resulted in a re-identification to the common subspecies, Verticordia huegelii var. decumbens. This has resulted in the removal of V. huegelii var. tridens from the DE and therefore no records exist within the AA, DE or DF and no impact is expected upon this species. This species has not been represented in any Figures, however the geographic co-ordinate is included in Appendix C.

All other conservation significant taxa known from the AA, but not specifically targeted or recorded by Mattiske botanists during the 2016 survey are included in Table 7a and Table 7b and are assigned an impact ranking as per the methodology stated in this report (see section 4.4).

4.4. Revised Impact Assessment

Impact ranking was based primarily on the number of plants present (Table 5). If a revised local impact ranking based on results from the current survey in the DF was considered to be Moderate or High, then a regional assessment of the estimated number of plants (and populations) was carried out (Table 9). All conservation significant species were assigned a ranking of significance of the local population to the species’ regional conservation status with 22 conservation significant taxa being ranked as Moderate or High in the DE and 12 in the DF (Table 9).

Of the ten target species forming the basis of the 2016 surveys, one was re-identified as a non- conservation significant, hybrid species and was not included in the impact assessment (Hypocalymma angustifolium x H. xanthopetalum) and three were conclusively confirmed as being absent from the DE

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despite preferred habitat existing in the area (Babingtonia delicata, Grevillea thelemanniana subsp. Cooljarloo (B.J. Keighery 28 B) and Calectasia palustris) (Table 7a and 7b).

Three target species however, were revised with a higher local impact ranking for the DE and/or DF than before the 2016 surveys; Andersonia gracilis (T) just in DE, Chordifex reseminans (P2) just in DE and Thelymitra pulcherrima (P2) in both DE and DF (Table 9).

 The previous impact ranking for A. gracilis (T) was based on 10,381 plants from 476 records in the entire AA. 3,302 plants from 166 records in the DE resulted in a local ranking change from Moderate to High in the DE. The ranking in the DF decreased from Moderate to Low (Table 9). This species occurred in VT1 and VT5 (Table 10).

 The previous impact ranking for C. reseminans (P2) was based on only 432 plants from 64 records in the entire AA, compared to over 200,000 plants recorded during the 2016 surveys with over 80% of them confined to the DE (Appendix B; Table 7a). C. reseminans (P2) often formed a dominant component of the VT1 and VT5 understorey within the DE.

 The previous impact ranking for T. pulcherrima (P2) was nil for DE and DF and this increased to a high ranking in both DE and DF based on 2016 records (Table 9). This species occurred in VT1 (Table 10).

Eight non-target species however, were revised with a higher local impact ranking for the DE and/or DF than before the 2016 surveys; Babingtonia urbana (P3) in both the DE and DF (Moderate to High in both), Conospermum scaposum (a disturbance specialist) in just the DE (Moderate to High), Isopogon panduratus subsp. palustris (P3) just in the DE (Nil to Very Low), Platysace ramosissima (P3) in just the DE (Moderate to High), Scheonus griffianus (P4) in just the DE (Moderate to High), Thelymitra apiculata (P4) in both DE and DF (Nil to High for both), Isotropis cuneifolia subsp. glabra (P2) in both the DE and DF (Nil to Moderate in DE and Nil to Low in the DF) and Thysanotus glaucus (P4) just in DE (Nil to Moderate) (Table 9).

Currently, no Macarthuria keigheryi (T) plants are known from within the DE, although historic records exist in both the DE and DF. Therefore, currently, no physical, direct impact is expected upon the species. Previously, M. keigheryi (T) was ranked as High impact for the DE and Moderate for the DF (Woodman 2015). Given the historic knowledge, and lack of current plant numbers, impact assessment for this species will rely more upon potential impact to preferred habitat (see section 4.5).

Paracaleana dixonii (T) is better known from the Eneabba-Dongara areas north of Cataby (Tronox-Iluka Conservation Significant Flora Database; Western Australian Herbarium 1998- ). Whilst comparison of the two records in the DE with regional numbers of over 2,800 plants, the significance of the population to the regional conservation is High as few records of this threatened species exist around the Cataby area. However, the two records discovered were of single plants at scattered locations and given the survey intensity by multiple consultants over multiple flowering seasons the return has been extremely low. The overall risk of significant impact was lowered to un-impacted within the DF (Table 9).

No previous local impact rankings were given for Thelymitra pulcherrima (P2), Thelymitra apiculata (P4), or Isotropis cuneifolia subsp. glabra (P2) as these species were not known to occur in the DE until recently (Table 9). The revised impacts based on estimated regional numbers for Thelymitra pulcherrima (P2) and Thelymitra apiculata (P4) assisted in reducing the impact ranking of both species. Whilst relatively unknown from the wider AA, the WA Herbarium holds records of T. apiculata (P4) from the Regan’s Ford to Badgingarra areas along the Brand Highway. When considering the 17 regional records of at least 32 T. apiculata plants, only 5.89% of known plants are likely to be impacted in the DF (Table 9). The closest WA Herbarium population of T. pulcherrima has affinities to the main population further north, but has smaller flowers and an earlier flowering time. The locations of T. pulcherrima within the DE are therefore likened to this nearby population more-so than the northern populations. Therefore, based on a more conservative regional impact assessment (21 plants from the two Cataby populations), 4.44% are likely to be impacted by the DF.

Three target species or non-target species remain on High for the DF and four target species or non-target species remain on Moderate for the DF and four target species or non-target species remain on Low or Very for the DF (Table 9)

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Table 9: Revised impact ranking on numbers of plants of conservation significant flora recorded within the Assessment Area Note: Only conservation significant species from Table 7 with plants known from the DE are included in this table; regional context is provided only for species rated as a Mod. or High revised local impact ranking for the DF; bolded records indicate target species; ”Previous Impact Ranking” from Table 9, Woodman (2015); “Revised Local Impact Ranking” based on information in Table 4 and Table 5; * based on 2016 survey results, see text for details on historic results; regional numbers extracted from 1) Tronox-Iluka Conservation Significant Flora Database records and 2) FloraBase (Western Australian Herbarium 1998-) records; ^ indicates the species was not given a ranking in Woodman (2015) as it was not known from the AA at the time of reporting, or has been updated to reflect current knowledge of the species.

REVISED PREVIOUS

LOCAL REVISED LOCAL REGIONAL RISK OF IMPACT REGIONAL IMPACT IMPACT SIGNIFICANT

Woodman Woodman RANKING IMPACT [ RANKING PROPORTION IMPACT [Current RANKING [Woodman (%) [Table 6] SPECIES CC Survey – [Table 4]

/Table 3] /Table 2015] Table 4]

EGIONAL EGIONAL

2015

POPULATION TO TO POPULATION

IMPACT RANKING IMPACT

TOTAL ESTIMATED ESTIMATED TOTAL DE DF DE DF DE DF DE DF DE DF BETWEEN CHANGE

PLANTS PLANTS (LOCATIONS)

PREVIOUS AND LOCAL AND LOCAL PREVIOUS

REGIONAL NUMBER OF OF NUMBER REGIONAL

SIGNIFICANCE OF LOCAL LOCAL OF SIGNIFICANCE

CONSERVATION CONSERVATION

Hig Andersonia gracilis T High Mod Mod Low 0 0.00 0.00 Nil Nil High Mod DE h Very Very Anigozanthos viridis subsp. terraspectans T High Low Low 0 0.00 0.00 Nil Nil Low Low - Low Low Macarthuria keigheryi T High High Mod Nil* Nil* 0 0.00 0.00 Nil Nil Nil* Nil* - Very Hig 2871 Very Paracaleana dixonii T High High Nil* 0.07 0.00 Nil* High Nil* - Low h (1413)1 Low P Hig >219501 Chordifex reseminans Mod.^ High Mod High 73.88 42.05 High High High High DF 2 h (1903) 1,2 P Mod.- Hig DE+D Thelymitra pulcherrima Nil Nil High 90 (59) 1 10.00 4.44 Mod Low High High 2 High^ h F DE+D Isotropis cuneifolia subsp. glabra P2 Mod.^ Nil Nil Mod Low 0 0.00 0.00 Nil Nil Mod. Low F >900 (20) Very Very Low- Low- Allocasuarina grevilleoides P3 Low-Mod. High High Mod Mod <0.56 <0.56 - 2 Low Low Mod Mod Angianthus micropodioides P3 Low-Mod. Nil Nil Nil Nil 0 0.00 0.00 Nil Nil Nil Nil - >97131 Babingtonia urbana P3 Mod.^ Mod. Mod High High 60.86 27.77 High Mod High High DE+DF (1157) 1,2 11980 Low- Low- Banksia dallanneyi subsp. pollosta P3 Low-Mod. Mod. Mod Mod Mod 11.73 8.36 Mod Low - (153) Mod Mod Conospermum scaposum P3 Low Mod. Low High Low 0 0.00 0.00 Nil Nil Mod Low DE Mod- Mod- Desmocladus biformis P3 Low-Mod. High High High High 41 (23) 1,2 2.44 2.44 Low Low High High

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REVISED PREVIOUS

LOCAL REVISED LOCAL REGIONAL RISK OF IMPACT REGIONAL IMPACT IMPACT SIGNIFICANT

Woodman Woodman RANKING IMPACT

ATED ATED [ RANKING PROPORTION IMPACT [Current RANKING [Woodman (%) [Table 6] SPECIES CC Survey – [Table 4]

/Table 3] /Table 2015] Table 4]

REGIONAL REGIONAL

2015

POPULATION TO TO POPULATION

IMPACT RANKING IMPACT

TOTAL ESTIM TOTAL DE DF DE DF DE DF DE DF DE DF BETWEEN CHANGE

PLANTS PLANTS (LOCATIONS)

PREVIOUS AND LOCAL AND LOCAL PREVIOUS

REGIONAL NUMBER OF OF NUMBER REGIONAL

SIGNIFICANCE OF LOCAL LOCAL OF SIGNIFICANCE

CONSERVATION CONSERVATION

Eryngium pinnatifidum subsp. Palustre (G.J. Very P3 Low-Mod. Low Nil Nil 0 0.00 0.00 Nil Nil Nil Nil - Keighery 13459) Low 405 (69) Mod.- Mod.- Guichenotia alba P3 Low-Mod. High High High High 38.52 38.52 High High - 1,2 High High >459 (39) Mod.- Hakea longiflora P3 Low-Mod. High Mod. High Nil 69.72 0.00 High Mod. Nil* - 1,2 High Very Hensmania stoniella P3 Low Low Low Nil 0 0.00 0.00 Nil Nil Low Nil - Low Very Isopogon panduratus subsp. palustris P3 Mod. Nil Nil Nil 0 0.00 0.00 Nil Nil Low Nil DE Low Platysace ramosissima P3 Low Mod. Low High Low 0 0.00 0.00 Nil Nil Mod. Low DE Schoenus pennisetis P3 Low-Mod. Low Low Low Low 0 0.00 0.00 Nil Nil Low Low - >871 Mod.- Low- Stylidium hymenocraspedum P3 Low-Mod. High Mod. High Mod. 54.99 17.45 High Mod. - (189) 1,2 High Mod. Very Mod.- Mod.- Anigozanthos humilis subsp. chrysanthus P4 Low-Mod. High High High High 241 (28) 1 2.07 0.83 Low - Low High High Very Very Mod.- Conostephium magnum P4 Low-Mod. High High 0 0.00 0.00 Nil Nil Low - Low Low High Very 2214 Eucalyptus macrocarpa subsp. elachantha P4 Low-Mod. High Nil Nil 1.13 0.00 Low Nil Nil Nil* - Low (843) 1 Frankenia glomerata P4 Low Nil Nil Nil Nil 0 0.00 0.00 Nil Nil Nil Nil -

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REVISED PREVIOUS

LOCAL REVISED LOCAL REGIONAL RISK OF IMPACT REGIONAL IMPACT IMPACT SIGNIFICANT

Woodman Woodman RANKING IMPACT [ RANKING PROPORTION IMPACT [Current RANKING [Woodman (%) [Table 6] SPECIES CC Survey – [Table 4]

/Table 3] /Table 2015] Table 4]

REGIONAL REGIONAL

2015

POPULATION TO TO POPULATION

IMPACT RANKING IMPACT

TOTAL ESTIMATED ESTIMATED TOTAL DE DF DE DF DE DF DE DF DE DF BETWEEN CHANGE

PLANTS PLANTS (LOCATIONS)

PREVIOUS AND LOCAL AND LOCAL PREVIOUS

REGIONAL NUMBER OF OF NUMBER REGIONAL

SIGNIFICANCE OF LOCAL LOCAL OF SIGNIFICANCE

CONSERVATION CONSERVATION

1870 (30) Very Grevillea saccata P4 Low Mod. High Nil Nil 0.11 0.00 Nil Nil Nil* - 1 Low 3423 Very Schoenus griffinianus P4 Low Mod. Mod. High. Mod. 1.14 0.82 Low Mod Low DE (469) 1 Low Thelymitra apiculata P4 Low^ Nil Nil High High 34 (17)2 5.89 5.89 Low Low Mod Mod DE/DF Thysanotus glaucus P4 Low Nil Nil Mod. Nil 0 0.00 0.00 Nil Nil Low Nil DE >5300 Verticordia lindleyi subsp. lindleyi P4 Low High Mod. High Mod. 25.81 8.83 Mod. Low Mod Low - (200) 1,2

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4.5. Vegetation Types and Habitat Associations

As a result of the intensity of foot traverses within the DE, as necessary, field notes on changes to VTs were made and reviewed. Some obvious changes were made to “islands”, usually a small polygon originally mapped as VT17 or VT18 (Super-group 2; drier landscape positions) and enclosed by VT1 or VT5 (Super-group 1; wetter landscape positions). These were identified in the field by Mattiske botanists as Melaleuca spp. shrublands in swampy low-lying areas and were therefore revised to be VT9a. Other changes to VT boundaries in the DE involved extensions or reductions, mostly to VT1 and VT5 boundaries (leading to minor changes to the area of surrounding polygons). The largest differences were made to VT1 (an increase of 22 ha) and VT17 (a decrease of 23 ha) (Appendix D).

Habitat associations were further refined from that described in Woodman (2016a) but were mostly as expected. Andersonia gracilis (T) and Chordifex reseminans (P2) were confined mostly to VT1 and VT5, whereas Grevillea thelemanniana subsp. Cooljarloo (B.J. Keighery 28 B) (P1) and Calectasia palustris (P2) were located mostly amongst VT2 and if occurring in VT1 or VT5, observations indicated that they were mostly restricted to the winter-wet patches of these communities. Thelymitra pulcherrima (P2), although expected to prefer higher landscape positions with more obvious lateritic influences (Mattiske 2016), was located in VT1. Anigozanthos viridis subsp. terraspectans (T) was predicted based on DE occurrences to fall in VT1; however the largest population was recorded in VT4 in the AA. Although 12.28 % of records lie within VT18 (data not shown), this single record lies on the boundary of VT4 as part of the large population in the AA.

Impact ranking on preferred VTs within the DE of the six target species resulted in six ranked as Moderate (Table 10). When considering just the preferred habitat located within the DF, impact on seven target species were ranked as Low, whilst only one species, Paracaleana dixonii (T) were ranked as Moderate (Table 10).

The vegetation of the original location of Paracaleana dixonii (T) was refined after field assessment, as the site was more representative of VT18: low rise with white-grey sandy loam with very scattered patches of lateritic gravel, low heath less than 1 m tall with Calothamnus sp., Allocasuarina humilis, Hibbertia hypericoides and Mesomelaena pseudostygia (no Eucalyptus todtiana nearby). The area was re-mapped to reflect this (based on field observations and aerial photographs). The new P. dixonii record was located in VT18 which was appropriately mapped and reinforces the re-mapping of the original location (Figure 2, Figure 3.1).

Boundaries between VT2 and VT5 were often not well-defined in the northern AA due to the mosaic nature of the landscape. This area was inundated throughout winter and spring, with VT5 containing much lower vegetation with more myrtaceous influences and less influence from Banksia telmatiaea. Where wetland areas within VT1 or VT5 were encountered in the DE, these were usually dominated by tall closed shrubland of mainly Melaleuca rhaphiophylla and/or Melaleuca viminea, Melaleuca lateritia with a sparse understorey (VT9a).

The preferred habitat for Guichenotia alba (P3) was VT1 and VT7 with 85.71% of locations occurring in these vegetation types (Table 10). G. alba (P3) was given a High revised local impact ranking (Table 9), however only 6.11% of the total preferred habitat within the AA is likely to be impacted in the DF, consequently being ranked as a Low impact (Table 10).

Overall, impact rankings on preferred habitat within the DF were categorised as Moderate, Low or Very Low for all conservation significant species in Table 10. Based on habitat as opposed to plant numbers, the risk of significant impact on target species is therefore considered to be Low.

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Table 10: Habitat associations with conservation significant species and consequent impact rankings Note: Habitat associations are represented by the proportions of the number of locations of each target species per VT; records with a recent number of “0” were not included in these totals (i.e. locations that were re-visited and no plant found); ‘CC’ refers to the conservation code; ^ indicates that the totals include species records with a ‘?’ (i.e. not positively confirmed); bolded records indicates species specifically targeted as part of the survey methodology; impact rankings are based on categories from Table 5.

PROPORTION IMPACT PREFERRED VTs TOTAL AREA (ha) OF PREFERRED OF PREFERRED RANKING ON (VTs TOTALLING > VTs VTs IMPACTED PREFERRED 70 % OF BY DE (%) HABITAT SPECIES CC PROPORTION OF AA DE DF LOCATIONS IN [incl. DE & (incl. DF & [incl. DE DF DE DF AA) DF, excl. M M 268SA] M268SA] 268SA] T/E Andersonia gracilis 5,1 (87.63 %) 5390.23 605.57 294.86 11.23 5.47 Mod. Low N T/V Anigozanthos viridis subsp. terraspectans^ 4,1,5 (84.21 %) 5403.98 605.57 294.86 11.21 5.46 Mod. Low U T/E Macarthuria keigheryi 17 (76.47 %) 13668.74 2119.05 903.52 15.50 6.61 Mod. Low N T/E Paracaleana dixonii 18 (100.00 %) 5523.84 1524.16 606.62 27.59 10.98 Mod. Mod N Lyginia excelsa P1 1 (100.00 %) 3898.18 449.27 200.67 11.53 5.15 Mod. Low Grevillea thelemanniana subsp. Cooljarloo (B.J. Keighery 28 B)^ P1 2,5 (78.68 %) 2411.89 157.04 94.24 6.51 3.91 Low Low Calectasia palustris P2 2,1 (81.25 %) 4818.02 450.02 200.71 9.34 4.17 Low Low Chordifex reseminans P2 1,5 (87.36 %) 5390.23 605.57 294.86 11.23 5.47 Mod. Low Thelymitra pulcherrima P2 1 (100 %) 3898.18 449.27 200.67 11.53 5.15 Mod. Low Desmocladus microcarpus P2 5,1 (87.50 %) 5390.23 605.57 294.86 11.23 5.47 Mod. Low Isotropis cuneifolia subsp. glabra P2 5,1,9b (76.92 %) 5642.41 629.11 298.64 11.15 5.29 Mod. Low Stenanthemum sublineare P2 17 (100.00 %) 13668.74 2119.05 903.52 15.50 6.61 Mod. Low Very Very Stylidium aceratum P3 2 (100.00 %) 919.84 0.74 0.05 0.08 0.01 Low Low Allocasuarina grevilleoides P3 7 (100.00 %) 301.40 88.99 55.86 29.53 18.53 Mod. Mod Very Very Angianthus micropodioides P3 2 (77.27 %) 919.84 0.74 0.05 0.08 0.01 Low Low Babingtonia cherticola P3 1 (100.00 %) 3898.18 449.27 200.67 11.53 5.15 Mod. Low

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PROPORTION IMPACT PREFERRED VTs TOTAL AREA (ha) OF PREFERRED OF PREFERRED RANKING ON (VTs TOTALLING > VTs VTs IMPACTED PREFERRED 70 % OF BY DE (%) HABITAT SPECIES CC PROPORTION OF AA DE DF LOCATIONS IN [incl. DE & (incl. DF & [incl. DE DF DE DF AA) DF, excl. M M 268SA] M268SA] 268SA] Babingtonia urbana P3 1,5 (83.95 %) 5390.23 605.57 294.86 11.23 5.47 Mod. Low Banksia dallanneyi subsp. pollosta P3 1,5,18 (84.51 %) 10914.07 2129.73 901.47 19.51 8.26 Mod. Low Beaufortia bicolor P3 17,7 (100.00 %) 13970.14 2208.05 959.38 15.81 6.87 Mod. Low Beaufortia eriocephala P3 1,5,18 (100.00 %) 10914.07 2129.73 901.47 19.51 8.26 Mod. Low Beyeria cinerea subsp. cinerea P3 8 (100.00 %) 234.63 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Nil Nil Conospermum scaposum P3 1,5 (73.08 %) 5390.23 605.57 294.86 11.23 5.47 Mod. Low Desmocladus biformis P3 17 (100.00 %) 13668.74 2119.05 903.52 15.50 6.61 Mod. Low Desmocladus nodatus P3 5,1 (80.00 %) 5390.23 605.57 294.86 11.23 5.47 Mod. Low Very Very Eryngium pinnatifidum subsp. Palustre (G.J. Keighery 13459) P3 2 (83.33 %) 919.84 0.74 0.05 0.08 0.01 Low Low Goodenia perryi P3 18,17 (100.00 %) 19192.59 3643.22 1510.14 18.98 7.87 Mod. Low Guichenotia alba P3 1,7 (85.71 %) 4199.57 538.26 256.52 12.82 6.11 Mod. Low Hakea longiflora P3 18,1 (100.00 %) 9422.02 1973.43 807.28 20.94 8.57 Mod. Low Hensmania stoniella P3 17 (95.00 %) 13668.74 2119.05 903.52 15.50 6.61 Mod. Low Hibbertia spicata subsp. leptotheca P3 8 (100.00 %) 234.63 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Nil Nil Hypocalymma gardneri P3 17 (100.00 %) 13668.74 2119.05 903.52 15.50 6.61 Mod. Low Isopogon panduratus subsp. palustris P3 5,1 (84.16 %) 5390.23 605.57 294.86 11.23 5.47 Mod. Low Jacksonia carduacea P3 1,5,18 (88.89 %) 10914.07 2129.73 901.47 19.51 8.26 Mod. Low Leucopogon sp. Yanchep (M. Hislop 1986) P3 1 (100.00 %) 3898.18 449.27 200.67 11.53 5.15 Mod. Low Persoonia rudis P3 17 (100.00 %) 13668.74 2119.05 903.52 15.50 6.61 Mod. Low

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PROPORTION IMPACT PREFERRED VTs TOTAL AREA (ha) OF PREFERRED OF PREFERRED RANKING ON (VTs TOTALLING > VTs VTs IMPACTED PREFERRED 70 % OF BY DE (%) HABITAT SPECIES CC PROPORTION OF AA DE DF LOCATIONS IN [incl. DE & (incl. DF & [incl. DE DF DE DF AA) DF, excl. M M 268SA] M268SA] 268SA] Platysace ramosissima P3 17,18 (90.91 %) 19192.59 3643.22 1510.14 18.98 7.87 Mod. Low Schoenus pennisetis P3 5,1,7,17 (87.18 %) 19360.37 2813.62 1254.24 14.53 6.48 Mod. Low Stylidium hymenocraspedum^ P3 17,18 (87.92 %) 19192.59 3643.22 1510.14 18.98 7.87 Mod. Low Anigozanthos humilis subsp. chrysanthus P4 18,17 (100.00 %) 19192.59 3643.22 1510.14 18.98 7.87 Mod. Low Conostephium magnum^ P4 17 (77.13 %) 13668.74 2119.05 903.52 15.50 6.61 Mod. Low Very Very Frankenia glomerata P4 2 (78.95 %) 919.84 0.74 0.05 0.08 0.01 Low Low Ornduffia submersa P4 9a (100.00 %) 214.59 5.71 0.00 2.66 0.00 Low Nil Schoenus griffinianus P4 17,1 (75.68 %) 17566.92 2568.32 1104.19 14.62 6.29 Mod. Low Schoenus natans P4 9a (100.00 %) 214.59 5.71 0.00 2.66 0.00 Low Nil Stylidium longitubum P4 1,13,9a (100.00 %) 4280.04 454.98 200.67 10.63 4.69 Mod. Low Thelymitra apiculata P4 1 (100.00 %) 3898.18 449.27 200.67 11.53 5.15 Mod. Low Thysanotus glaucus P4 17 (80.00 %) 13668.74 2119.05 903.52 15.50 6.61 Mod. Low Verticordia lindleyi subsp. lindleyi^ P4 5,1,18 (78.70 %) 10914.07 2129.73 901.47 19.51 8.26 Mod. Low Diuris aff. laxiflora N/A 10 (100.00 %) 88.83 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Nil Nil

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5. DISCUSSION

The Cooljarloo West Project has been subject to extensive flora and vegetation baseline and targeted surveys by various environmental consultants from 1996-2016 (Woodman 2014a). Conservation significant flora taxa known from, and with high potential to occur within the project area were ranked according to local population significance, number of plants likely to be impacted (if known), habitat associations and the resulting risk of impact to the taxa by Woodman (2015). This highlighted eleven taxa of high conservation concern (the target taxa) that have, based on the risk assessment and methodology outlined by Woodman (2015; 2016a), provided the basis of the 2016 surveys. The 2016 surveys were essentially designed to resolve taxa issues, survey winter-flowering high conservation concern orchids and assess the impact of the project on Threatened, Priority 1 and Priority 2 flora taxa known from, or with high potential to occur within the DE.

Mattiske botanists conducted these surveys over 102 person days over six months (July to December), traversing over 650 ha of target vegetation (VT1, VT2, VT5 and VT7) within the DE, plus additional areas within the AA at a 50 x 50m grid scale. The winter period produced above average rainfall for four months between March and August 2016 and all eleven target species were recorded in flower and were therefore easily identifiable at various stages of the survey. Although slight boundary changes were made to the original Woodman (2014a) vegetation type mapping, the habitat associations discussed in Woodman (2016a) held true, with seven of the eleven target species generally being represented by more than 70% of record locations in VT1, VT2 and VT5 (Table 10, plus Babingtonia delicata (P1)).

The mosaic nature of the woodland and shrubland vegetation (often difficult to differentiate on aerial photography) meant some polygons of VTs were mapped incorrectly. Only large and obvious boundaries or polygons that could be confidently revised without quadrat-based floristic data were changed.

Time constraints (both project and the short-flowering periods) limited how much of the DE was able to be surveyed for the target Orchidaceae species. However, given that the two winter-flowering Thelymitra orchids were recorded during the 2016 surveys, plus a new location of the threatened summer-flowering Paracaleana dixonii, the timing, botanical knowledge and survey effort are concluded to be more than adequate to have captured the flora taxa of interest.

For the case of three of the target taxa; Babingtonia delicata (P1), Grevillea thelemanniana subsp. Cooljarloo (B.J. Keighery 28 B) (P1) and Calectasia palustris (P2), no plants of these species occurred within the DE. As the preferred VTs for all three species (VT1, VT2 and VT5) were extensively surveyed in the DE as part of the targeted 2016 surveys, it can be conclusively stated that no impact is expected to occur to these species.

Another target species, Cristonia biloba subsp. pubescens (P2) had the potential to occur in the DE based on previous C. biloba specimens recorded in the AA. As neither of the two historic locations contained any plants of the C. biloba species, no further survey work was necessary for this species. However, as the potential preferred habitat for C. biloba subsp. pubescens (P2) was VT7 and this VT was surveyed for other target species, it is extremely unlikely that this species is present within the DE, based on results from the 2016 surveys.

Leucopogon aff. sprengelioides and Eucalyptus aff. incrassata, were also identified in Woodman (2015) as requiring taxonomic resolution and determined by Woodman (2016b) in liaison with the WA Herbarium to not be of conservation significance. These species were not specifically targeted as part of the 2016 surveys and were not included in any of the impact assessments.

5.1. Andersonia gracilis (T/EN)

Andersonia gracilis (T) plants are known to be killed by fire, therefore population persistence is contingent on the availability of soil-stored seed which germinates following fire (Department of Environment and Conservation 2006). This species is therefore potentially susceptible to local extinction of populations if fire intervals exceed the minimum or maximum range (Department of Environment and Conservation 2006). A much lower number of plants were relocated in 2016 since the majority of historic records were made eight to ten years prior. It is possible that plants have died and germination has been lacking, however some populations exhibited higher than previous numbers. It is therefore difficult to assign an accurate impact ranking based on fluctuating numbers over the years, however based on survey data from 2016, A. gracilis has been given a High risk of impact within the DE, and a Moderate risk of impact in the DF (Table 9).

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An important population of 473 A. gracilis plants from 119 locations was recorded within Wongonderrah Nature Reserve during the 2016 surveys. A. gracilis is relatively common in the AA and surrounding areas, as well as populations occurring in the Perth area. The impact on preferred habitat of A. gracilis within the DE is expected to be Moderate, whereas the DF is expected to be low. Based on these factors, the overall risk of significant impact in the DF was considered to be Moderate.

5.2. Anigozanthos viridis subsp. terraspectans (T/VU)

The number of plants of Anigozanthos viridis subsp. terraspectans (T) at historic locations fluctuated greatly with regards to the time since fire. The DE has remained unburnt for decades and regional populations are known from winter-wet depressions on grey sandy clay loam, or grey sand in low, post- fire regenerating heath (Department of the Environment 2008a). This favourable response to fire is also emphasised by the large population of over 260,000 plants in the south-eastern AA boundary, of which only 1,000 plants were recorded from prior to the summer 2015/2016 fire. Further historic records of A. viridis subsp. terraspectans (T) are known from the burnt AA however were unable to be revisited after the wetlands had dried up due to time constraints. It is highly likely that the A. viridis subsp. terraspectans (T) populations at these locations would have had healthy increases to plant numbers as well.

Unexpectedly, over 10 % of the A. viridis subsp. terraspectans (T) locations were form VT18 (data not shown). Upon further inspection, a single record of the large post-fire population occurred on the boundary of VT18 and VT4. Based on field observations it was indicated that this location was in fact in VT4, and extended much further than the mapping boundary indicated. However, as the vegetation structure had been affected by fire less than 12 months ago, the VT boundaries were not revised as it was deemed too inaccurate without quadrat based data and information on the dominant species contributing to the areas vegetation structures.

In many cases, historic records of A. viridis subsp. terraspectans (T) experienced a decrease in population numbers, however, additional plants were recorded at new locations within the DE in 2016. Populations of A. viridis subsp. terraspectans (T) are heavily reliant upon the frequency of fire (and to a lesser extent, disturbance) and the large population found in the AA in 2016 has contributed to a reduction of impact from Low (Woodman 2015) to Very Low, resulting in an overall Low risk of significant impact. The impact ranking on the preferred habitat within the DF was also considered to be Low.

5.3. Macarthuria keigheryi (T/EN)

The different approach to surveying Macarthuria keigheryi was based on the knowledge that this species responds favourably to fire (Department of Environment and Conservation 2009), however it was noted that plants may have senesced since the original recording (Woodman 2016a). The records within the DE and DF were predominantly made in 2007, with a few records from 2006 and 2009, therefore the time since plants were last recorded as present was nine years. Impact is difficult to presume given historical knowledge that this species has been present in the DE and DF prior to 2016, however was not recorded in any targeted areas during the 2016 surveys. For this reason, both historical inferred impact and current impact have been based on the appropriate plant numbers. At present, no impact is expected on M. keigheryi plants in the DE, however a High local impact is expected based on the understanding that plants may still be present underground, and seed is likely to be stored in soil-seed banks however requires fire (or physical soil disturbance) to germinate.

Overall, based on the preferred VT17 habitats of M. keigheryi (T) (includes > 70 % of historic locations), only 6.61% of the total VT in the AA is likely to be impacted by the DF (15.50% within the DE) (Table 10). The risk of significant impact to M. keigheryi (T) preferred habitat in the DF was therefore considered to be low, and VT17 represents a dominant Banksia woodland habitat that is common within the Swan Coastal Plain region.

5.4. Paracaleana dixonii (T/EN)

The two individuals of Paracaleana dixonii (T) from the DE are unusual in that they represent the most southern records of the taxa, approximately 40 km south of the nearest WA Herbarium records (Western Australian Herbarium 1998- ). Currently however, only one plant is physically known to exist within the DE. Whilst these records are regionally important, as past surveys and desktop assessments have indicated they are rare in the local area, and after three years of survey work, only two plants have been

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recorded, almost opportunistically even though they have been specifically targeted (Astron 2012; Western Botanical 2014b; Woodman Environmental Consulting 2014b; Astron 2015). Although no records were located within the wider AA during the 2016 surveys, it is possible that few, scattered records may exist outside the DE within the Banksia woodlands (namely VT18), which is an extensive community (5,736 ha in the entire AA, excluding M 268SA). Fire also plays an important role in encouraging flowering of this threatened species (Department of the Environment 2008b).

Taking into consideration the impact of regional plant numbers (0.07% in DE; Very Low) and the significance of the local population to regional conservation (High), the resultant risk of significant impact to plant numbers in the DE was considered to be Low and nil in the DF. The risk of significant impact to P. dixonii (T) preferred habitat in the DF was therefore considered to be Moderate in both areas, and VT18 (like VT17) represents a dominant Banksia woodland habitat that is common within the Swan Coastal Plain region. If possible, it is highly recommended to avoid these two locations to minimise the potential of direct impacts from the Cooljarloo West project.

5.5. Chordifex reseminans (P2)

Chordifex reseminans (P2) was recorded in unexpectedly high numbers within the DE during the 2016 surveys. Field observations indicated that areas further north in the AA where historic records of C. reseminans (or C. chaunocoleus) existed were burnt more recently than the DE, and where recorded in the AA, were in much lower numbers and formed a less dominant component of the vegetation structure. C. reseminans (P2) is known to be killed by fire and of particular note is that it recovers after fire by seed rather than resprouting, which is common in the closely related species C. sinuosus and C. chaunocoleus (P4) (Briggs and Johnson 2004). The DE is long unburnt compared to the surrounding areas in the AA, where much lower densities of C. reseminans (P2) were recorded.

Whilst comparatively low when compared to the total number of plants recorded, but locally important, a total of 66 plants from 12 locations were recorded in Parks and Wildlife estate (Nature Reserve R 40916). Based on these factors, the overall risk of significant impact to C. reseminans (P2) was High for both the DE and DF. However, when considering the impact on the preferred VT1 and VT5 habitat of C. reseminans (P2), the impact is considered Moderate for the DE and Low for the DF.

5.6. Thelymitra pulcherrima (P2)

The Thelymitra aff. pulcherrima (P2) plants were recorded from VT1: a Banksia telmatiaea dominated shrubland in a lower lying area with sandy white-grey soils with no visible laterite at surface. VT1 and the similar VT5 were intensely searched as part of the 2016 survey, including in July and August when this orchid was most likely to be in flower. Although not all of the VT1 and VT5 polygons were able to be surveyed in a short time frame associated with the T. pulcherrima flowering period, the fact that nine plants were recorded reinforces that the survey was conducted at the appropriate time and in the appropriate vegetation and given the time and resources available, the survey was conducted to more than adequate standards. Based on the preferred VT1, it is expected that the DF will have a Low impact on this habitat.

5.7. Other Conservation Significant Taxa

Babingtonia urbana (P3) was recorded in unexpectedly high numbers within the DE and AA during the 2016 surveys. Whilst comparatively low compared to the total number of plants recorded, 989 plants from 11 locations were recorded in Wongonderrah Nature Reserve (R 26248) and Nature Reserve R 40916. Few plants were flowering during the surveys, however fruit was always present on at least some plants and the main difference between B. urbana (ovary 3-locular) and B. delicata (ovary 1-locular; Rye 2015) was therefore distinguishable in the field. Regional records indicate that B. urbana occurs from Badgingarra National Park in the north, to Mundijong in the south (Rye 2015; Western Australian Herbarium 1998- ) and is known from an estimated 1,157 locations (Table 9). Based on the preferred VT1 and VT5 habitat, it is expected that the DF will have a Low impact on this habitat. Based on the habitat factors, the risk of significant impact in the DF was therefore considered to be Low.

Isotropis cuneifolia subsp. glabra (P2) was recorded at scattered locations in the DE, and in a large population in the southern AA, germinating after the summer 2015/2016 fire. Further records of this species may exist in the VT1 winter-wet depressions especially in the AA, however not all of these areas were surveyed due to time constraints. I. cuneifolia subsp. glabra (P2), along with Grevillea thelemanniana

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subsp. Cooljarloo (B.J. Keighery 28 B) (P1) and Calectasia palustris (P2) tended to prefer the proper “wetland” areas which were observed to be lacking within the DF. I. cuneifolia subsp. glabra (P2) is described as a clonal shrub that dies back to an underground stem in summer and resprouts in winter (Keighery 2001). It is possible that each location may represent a single clonal plant but they have been treated as individuals for the purpose of this impact assessment. I. cuneifolia subsp. glabra (P2) is known to flower from August to October (Keighery 2001). As winter surveys have not been common in the Cooljarloo West area, this may explain why this taxon has previously been unrecorded from the AA. A low impact ranking was assigned to this species based on preferred habitat located within the DF.

Guichenotia alba (P3) is typically known from low open heath on sandy clay or duplex soils in depressions which are winter-wet (Keighery 1998). In the DE and DF, it was recorded mostly in VT1 (and VT7), however, field observations indicate that the 2016 records were from areas more similar to VT7 (if not already mapped as VT7), often in patches of damper heath amongst the VT1. This discrepancy is likely due to the mosaic nature of similar communities and preferred landscape positions which are not always discernible in aerial photographs. G. alba is also a winter-flowering species (July-August) and as the majority of the extensive survey work in the past for the Cooljarloo West project has been in spring, it is possible that other records in the AA may not have been obvious during surveys. The known regional distribution of G. alba is from Regan’s Ford in the south, to Dongara in the north (Western Australian Herbarium 1998- ). Consideration of regional estimated records result in a decrease of the number of plants impacted by the DF from 93.98% to 38.52% (Table 7a; Table 9), however this is still regarded as a High impact. Two records (of unknown plant numbers) exist in Parks and Wildlife tenure (Badgingarra National Park and Twarta Nature Reserve) (Western Australian Herbarium 1998- ). Based on these factors, the risk of significant impact in the DE and DF was therefore considered to be Moderate-High and the impact on preferred habitat of G. alba was expected to be Low within the DF.

Furthermore, none of the Priority 1 and Priority 2 taxa known from the AA from Table 2 in Woodman (2016a) were recorded during the 2016 surveys. These taxa were not considered in the initial risk assessment to require further survey, however Mattiske botanists were aware of them and surveyed the vegetation for them whilst surveying for the eleven target taxa.

6. CONCLUSION

Of the eleven target species, whilst nine were confirmed and recorded in the AA, only six of these were recorded within the DE during the 2016 survey. Based on the survey results, three of the target species: Babingtonia delicata (P1), Grevillea thelemanniana subsp. Cooljarloo (B.J. Keighery 28 B) (P1) and Calectasia palustris (P1) are not known to occur within the DE and therefore it is extremely unlikely that the Cooljarloo West project will have any impact upon these species.

The revised risk of significant impact of the project on the number of plants for all conservation significant species within the DF resulted in High or Moderate -High for six species, a Moderate or Moderate-Low ranking for five species, with the remaining nineteen species ranked Low or Nil (Table 9).

The revised impact of the project on the preferred habitat for the confirmed and recorded target species within the DF resulted in Moderate ranking for one species (Paracaleana dixonii (T)) and Low ranking for seven species (Table 10). Based on extensive baseline vegetation surveys for the Cooljarloo West project (i.e. the Assessment Area and wider Study Area), minimal impact is therefore expected upon the preferred habitat for all target species.

Impact assessments on Anigozanthos viridis subsp. terraspectans (T), Macarthuria keigheryi (T) and Andersonia gracilis (T) were especially confounded by the fluctuating population numbers recorded between survey periods. Fire (or lack of) plays an important factor for many of the species in the Banksia woodlands of the Swan Coastal Plain and Geraldton Sandplains, including these threatened species. It is recommended that disturbance is minimised within the DF, and locations of both current and historic threatened species records are conserved within the DE wherever possible.

7. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

The authors would like to thank Nick Sibbel, Cindy Beckley and Lance Wheeler from Tronox and staff at the Western Australian Herbarium for their assistance with this project.

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8. PERSONNEL

The following MCPL personnel were involved in this project:

FLORA COLLECTION NAME POSITION PROJECT INVOLVEMENT PERMIT

Managing Director & Planning, managing, Dr EM Mattiske N/A Principal Ecologist reporting

SL011715 & Permit to Take Declared Rare Flora 11-1516; Regulation 4 Authority Project Leader & Senior Planning, fieldwork, data Ms N Murdock (CE005352, Botanist analysis, reporting 04/07/2016) for R 40916, R 41986 and Wongonderrah Nature Reserve

Mr C Blackburn Experienced Botanist Assisting with reporting N/A

Mr B Ellery Experienced Botanist Fieldwork, plant identification SL011710

Fieldwork, assisting with Dr S Ruoss Botanist SL011718 reporting

Mr A Barrett Botanist Fieldwork SL011707

Ms F Riviera Experienced Botanist Fieldwork SL011720

Ms L Cockram Botanist Fieldwork SL011904

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9. REFERENCES

Astron 2012, Targeted flora search of additional exploration access lines – Cooljarloo West, unpublished report prepared for Tronox Management Pty Ltd. Astron 2015, Cooljarloo survey intensity assessment, unpublished report prepared for Strategen Environmental Consultants on behalf of Tronox Management Pty Ltd. Biodiversity Conservation Act 2016 (WA) Briggs BG and Johnson LAS, 2004, “New combinations in Chordifex (Restionaceae) from eastern Australia and new species from Western Australia”, Telopea, 10(3), pp. 683-700. Bureau of Meteorology 2017, Climate data online, Commonwealth of Australia. Available from: http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/data/?ref=ftr. [2nd February 2017]. Department of Environment and Conservation 2006, Slender Andersonia (Andersonia gracilis) interim recovery plan 2006-2011, no. 228, Department of Environment and Conservation, Perth, Western Australia. Department of Environment and Conservation 2009, Keighery’s Macarthuria (Macarthuria keigheryi) recovery plan, Department of Environment and Conservation, Perth, Western Australia. Department of Parks and Wildlife 2015, Conservation codes for Western Australian flora and fauna, November 2015, Government of Western Australia. Available from: https://www.dpaw.wa.gov.au/plants-and-animals/threatened-species-and-communities. [2nd February 2017]. Department of Parks and Wildlife 2015, Wildlife conservation (rare flora) notice 2015, 3 November 2015, Minister for the Environment under section 23F (2) of the WC Act. Available from: https://www.dpaw.wa.gov.au/plants-and-animals/threatened-species-and- communities/threatened-plants. [2nd February 2017]. Department of Parks and Wildlife 2016a, Western Australian Flora Statistics. Available from: http://florabase.dpaw.wa.gov.au/statistics/. [2nd February 2017]. Department of the Environment 2008a, Approved conservation advice for Anigozanthos viridis subsp. terraspectans (Dwarf Green Kangaroo Paw), Commonwealth of Australia. Available from: http://www.environment.gov.au/biodiversity/threatened/species/pubs/3435-conservation- advice.pdf. [21 December 2016]. Department of the Environment 2008b, Approved conservation advice for Paracaleana dixonii Hopper & A.P.Br. nom. inval. (Sandplain Duck Orchid), Commonwealth of Australia. Available from: http://www.environment.gov.au/biodiversity/threatened/species/pubs/82050-conservation- advice.pdf. [21 December 2016]. Department of the Environment and Energy 2016, EPBC Act list of threatened flora, Commonwealth of Australia. Available from: http://www.environment.gov.au/cgi- bin/sprat/public/publicthreatenedlist.pl?wanted=flora. [2nd February 2017]. Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (Cth) Environmental Protection (Clearing of Native Vegetation) Regulations 2004 (WA) Environmental Protection Act 1986 (WA) Environmental Protection Authority 2004, Guidance for the assessment of environmental factors – terrestrial flora and vegetation surveys for environmental impact assessment in Western Australia, No. 51, Environmental Protection Authority, Western Australia. Environmental Protection Authority 2016, Technical guidance – flora and vegetation survey for environmental impact assessment, Environmental Protection Authority, Western Australia. Environmental Protection Authority and Department of Parks and Wildlife 2015, Technical guide – terrestrial flora and vegetation surveys for environmental impact assessment, eds. K Freeman, G Stack, S Thomas & N Woolfrey, Perth, Western Australia. Keighery, G.J. 1998, ‘A new species of Guichenotia (Sterculiaceae) from south western Australia’, Nuytsia, 8:3, pp. 319-321. Keighery, G.J. 2001, ‘A new subspecies of Isotropis cuneifolia (Fabaceae)’, Nuytsia, 13:3, pp. 471-474.

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Mattiske Consulting Pty Ltd 2016, Determining areas to target for Paracaleana dixonii (Threatened) and Thelymitra pulcherrima (Priority 2), memorandum prepared for Tronox Management Pty Ltd, 4 August 2016. Mittermeier, RA, Turner, WR, Larsen, FW, Brooks, TM & Gascon, C 2011, ‘Global Biodiversity Conservation: The critical role of hotspots’ in Biodiversity hotspots – Distribution and protection of conservation priority areas, eds. FE Zachos & JC Habel, Springer, Heidelberg, pp. 3-22. Rye, B.L. 2015, ‘A revision of the south-western Australian genus Babingtonia (Myrtaceae: Chamelaucieae’, Nuytsia, 25, pp. 219-250. Sandalwood Act 1929 (WA) Thompson, I.R. 2010, “A revision of Cristonia (Fabaceae: Brongniartieae)”, Muelleria, 28(1), pp. 66-73. Tronox-Iluka Conservation Significant Flora Database (2016), unpublished data held by CAD Resources from Tronox Management Pty Ltd and Iluka Resources Ltd, made available on 6th July 2016. Western Australian Herbarium 1998-, FloraBase – the Western Australian Flora, Department of Parks and Wildlife. Available from: https://florabase.dpaw.wa.gov.au. [2nd February 2017]. Western Botanical 2014a, Assessment of conservation significant species, Cooljarloo, unpublished report prepared for Tronox Management Pty Ltd, February 2014. [WB820]. Western Botanical 2014b, Paracaleana dixonii targeted regional surveys, unpublished report prepared for Tronox Management Pty Ltd. Wildlife Conservation Act 1950 (WA) Woodman Environmental Consulting 2014a, Cooljarloo West Titanium Minerals Project – flora and vegetation assessment, unpublished report prepared for Tronox Management Pty Ltd, January 2014. [Tronox12-37-01]. Woodman Environmental Consulting 2014b, Paracaleana dixonii review of conservation status and revised impact assessment, unpublished report prepared for Tronox Management Pty Ltd. Woodman Environmental 2015, Cooljarloo West Project – conservation significant flora risk assessment, unpublished report prepared for Tronox Management Pty Ltd, October 2015. [Tronox15-26-01]. Woodman Environmental 2016a, Cooljarloo West Titanium Minerals Mine – additional surveys for significant flora – method statement, unpublished report prepared for Tronox Management Pty Ltd, March 2016. [Tronox16-03-01]. Woodman Environmental 2016b, Resolution of taxonomic and conservation status of unresolved flora entities at Cooljarloo West: Leucopogon aff. sprengelioides, Eucalyptus aff. incrassata and habitat of Cristonia biloba subsp. pubescens, unpublished report prepared for Tronox Management Pty Ltd, July 2016. [Tronox16-06-01].

Mattiske Consulting Pty Ltd A1. APPENDIX A: LEGISLATIVE PROTECTION FOR WESTERN AUSTRALIA’S ENVIRONMENT

A.1. Overview of Western Australia’s Flora

Western Australia has a unique and diverse flora, and is recognised as one of the world’s 34 biodiversity hotspots (Mittermeier et al. 2011). In this context, Western Australia possesses a high degree of species richness and endemism. This is particularly pronounced in the south-west region of the state. There are currently over 12,000 plant species known to occur within Western Australia (Parks and Wildlife 2016), and scientific knowledge of many of these species is limited.

The unique flora of Western Australia is potentially under threat due to historical clearing practices associated with agricultural, mining and human habitation activities. As a consequence of these historical clearing practices a number of flora species have become threatened or have the potential to become threatened as their habitat is impacted by human activity. In addition, some areas of the State have been affected by past clearing practices such that entire ecological communities are under threat.

At the Commonwealth level, under the EPBC Act, a nomination process exists to list a threatened species or ecological community. Additions or deletions to the lists of threatened species and communities are made by the Minister for Sustainability, Environment, Water, Populations and Communities, on advice from the Federal Threatened Species Scientific Committee. The EPBC Act lists of threatened flora and ecological communities are published on the Department of the Environment and Energy (DotEE) website (DotEE 2016a).

Ecological communities that are deemed to be threatened are also afforded protection under the EPBC Act. Listings of threatened species and communities are reviewed annually by the Western Australian Threatened Species Scientific Committee (TSSC), which is a body appointed by the Minister for the Environment and supported by the DPaW. The TSSC reviews threatened and specially protected flora (and fauna) listings on an annual basis. Recommendation for additions or deletions to the listings of specially protected flora (and fauna) is made to the Minister for the Environment by the TSSC, via the Director General of the DPaW and the WA Conservation Commission. Under Schedule 1 of the WC Act, the Minister for the Environment may declare that a class or description of flora to be threatened flora throughout the State, as published in the Wildlife conservation (rare flora) notice (3 November 2015) (Parks and Wildlife 2015a). The following sections describe these threatened and priority flora and ecological communities, and outline the legislative protection afforded to them.

A.2. Threatened and Priority Flora

Flora within Western Australia that is considered to be under threat may be classed as either threatened or priority flora. At the Commonwealth level, under the EPBC Act, threatened species can be listed as extinct, extinct in the wild, critically endangered, endangered, vulnerable, or conservation dependent, by the Minister for the Environment. Under the EPBC Act, a person must not take an action that has, or will have, a significant impact on a listed threatened species without approval from the Minister for the Environment, unless those actions are not prohibited under the Act. Table I sets out definitions of threatened flora under federal legislation. The current EPBC Act list of threatened flora may be found on the DotEE (2016) website.

At the State level, the WC Act provides for taxa of native flora (and fauna) to be specially protected because they are subject to identifiable threats. Protection of these taxa has been identified as being warranted because they may become extinct, are threatened, or are otherwise in need of special protection. Where flora has been gazetted as threatened flora under the WC Act, it is an offence “to take” such flora without the written consent of the Minister. The WC Act states that “to take” flora includes to gather, pluck, cut, pull up, destroy, dig up, remove or injure the flora or to cause or permit the same to be done by any means.

Priority flora constitute species which are considered to be under threat, but for which there is insufficient information available concerning their distribution and/or populations to make a proper evaluation of their conservation status. Such species are considered to potentially be under threat, but do not have legislative protection afforded under the WC Act. The Parks and Wildlife categorises priority flora according to their conservation priority, using five categories, P1 to P4, to denote the status of such species, with P1 listed species being the most threatened and P4 the least. Priority flora species are regularly reviewed, and may have their status changed when more information on the species becomes available. Table II sets out state definitions of both threatened and priority flora.

A2. APPENDIX A: LEGISLATIVE PROTECTION FOR WESTERN AUSTRALIA’S ENVIRONMENT

Table I: Federal Definition of Threatened Flora Species Note: Threatened flora (and fauna) may be listed in six categories as defined in section 179 of the EPBC Act. Adapted from the DotEE (2016).

CATEGORY DEFINITION

Taxa which at a particular time if, at that time, there is no reasonable doubt that Ex - Extinct the last member of the species has died. Taxa which is known only to survive in cultivation, in captivity or as a naturalised ExW - Extinct in the population well outside its past range; or it has not been recorded in its known Wild and/or expected habitat, at appropriate seasons, anywhere in its past range, despite exhaustive surveys over a time frame appropriate to its life cycle and form. Taxa which at a particular time if, at that time, it is facing an extremely high risk of CE - Critically extinction in the wild in the immediate future, as determined in accordance with the Endangered prescribed criteria. Taxa which is not critically endangered and it is facing a very high risk of extinction EN - Endangered in the wild in the immediate or near future, as determined in accordance with the prescribed criteria. Taxa which is not critically endangered or endangered and is facing a high risk of VU - Vulnerable extinction in the wild in the medium-term future, as determined in accordance with the prescribed criteria. Taxa which at a particular time if, at that time, the species is the focus of a specific CD – Conservation conservation program, the cessation of which would result in the species becoming Dependent vulnerable, endangered or critically endangered within a period of 5 years.

A3. APPENDIX A: LEGISLATIVE PROTECTION FOR WESTERN AUSTRALIA’S ENVIRONMENT

Table II: State Definition of Threatened and Priority Flora Species Note: Adapted from Parks and Wildlife (2015).

CATEGORY DEFINITION

Taxa that have been adequately searched for and are deemed to be in the wild either rare, in danger of extinction, or otherwise in need of special protection, and have been gazetted as such (Schedule 1 of the Wildlife Conservation (Rare Flora) Notice under the WC Act). T – Threatened flora Threatened flora (Schedule 1) are further ranked by Parks and Wildlife according to their level of threat using IUCN Red List criteria: (Declared Rare Flora – Extant)  CR: Critically Endangered – considered to be facing an extremely high risk of extinction in the wild;  EN: Endangered – considered to be facing a very high risk of extinction in the wild; or  VU: Vulnerable – considered to be facing a high risk of extinction in the wild.

X – Presumed Extinct Flora Taxa that have been adequately searched for and there is no reasonable doubt that the last individual has died, and have been gazetted as such (Schedule 2 of the Wildlife Conservation (Declared Rare Flora – (Rare Flora) Notice under the WC Act). Extinct)

Taxa that are known from one or a few collections or sight records (generally less than five), all on lands not managed for conservation, e.g. agricultural or pastoral lands, urban areas, Shire, Westrail and Main Roads WA road, gravel and soil reserves, and active mineral leases P1 – Priority 1 and under threat of habitat destruction or degradation. (Poorly known taxa) Taxa may be included if they are comparatively well known from one or more localities but do not meet adequacy of survey requirements and appear to be under immediate threat from known threatening processes.

Taxa that are known from one or a few collections or sight records, some of which are on lands not under imminent threat of habitat destruction or degradation, e.g. national parks, P2 – Priority 2 conservation parks, nature reserves, State forest, vacant Crown land, water reserves, etc. (Poorly known taxa) Taxa may be included if they are comparatively well known from one or more localities but do not meet adequacy of survey requirements and appear to be under threat from known threatening processes.

Taxa that are known from collections or sight records from several localities not under imminent threat, or from few but widespread localities with either large population size or significant remaining areas of apparently suitable habitat, much of it not under imminent P3 – Priority 3 threat. (Poorly known taxa) Taxa may be included if they are comparatively well known from several localities but do not meet adequacy of survey requirements and known threatening processes exist that could affect them.

1. Rare - Taxa that are considered to have been adequately surveyed, or for which sufficient knowledge is available, and that are considered not currently threatened or in need of special P4 – Priority 4 protection, but could be if present circumstances change. These species are usually represented on conservation lands. (Rare, Near Threatened and other taxa in need of 2. Near Threatened - Taxa that are considered to have been adequately surveyed and that monitoring) do not qualify for Conservation Dependent, but that are close to qualifying for Vulnerable. 3. Taxa that have been removed from the list of threatened species during the past five years for reasons other than taxonomy.

A4. APPENDIX A: LEGISLATIVE PROTECTION FOR WESTERN AUSTRALIA’S ENVIRONMENT

A.3. Clearing of Native Vegetation

Under the EP Act, the clearing of native vegetation requires a permit to do so, from the Department of Environmental Regulation or the Department of Mines and Petroleum, unless that clearing is exempted under specific provisions listed in Schedule 6 of the Act, or are prescribed in the Environmental Protection (Clearing of Native Vegetation) Regulations 2004.

Under the EP Act, “native vegetation” means indigenous aquatic or terrestrial vegetation, and includes dead vegetation unless that dead vegetation is of a class declared by regulation to be excluded from this definition but does not include vegetation in a plantation.

Under Section 51A of the EP Act, “clearing” means the killing or destruction of, the removal of, the severing or ringbarking of trunks or stems of, or the doing of any other substantial damage to, some or all of the native vegetation in an area, and includes the draining or flooding of land, the burning of vegetation, the grazing of stock, or any other act or activity, that causes any of the aforementioned consequences or results.

Under the EP Act, ten principles are set out, under which native vegetation should not be cleared. These principles state that native vegetation should not be cleared, if: a. it comprises a high level of biological diversity; b. it comprises the whole or a part of, or is necessary for the maintenance of, a significant habitat for fauna indigenous to Western Australia; c. it includes, or is necessary for the continued existence of, threatened flora; d. it comprises the whole or a part of, or is necessary for the maintenance of, a threatened ecological community; e. it is significant as a remnant of native vegetation in an area that has been extensively cleared; f. it is growing in, or in association with, an environment associated with a watercourse or wetland; g. the clearing of the vegetation is likely to cause appreciable land degradation; h. the clearing of the vegetation is likely to have an impact on the environmental values of any adjacent or nearby conservation area; i. the clearing of the vegetation is likely to cause deterioration in the quality of surface or underground water; or j. the clearing of the vegetation is likely to cause, or exacerbate, the incidence or intensity of flooding. The Environmental Protection (Clearing of Native Vegetation) Regulations 2004, under Regulation 5, sets out prescribed clearing actions that do not require a clearing permit, as defined in Section 51C of the EP Act.

A5. APPENDIX A: LEGISLATIVE PROTECTION FOR WESTERN AUSTRALIA’S ENVIRONMENT

A.4. Local and Regional Significance

Flora or vegetation may be locally or regionally significant in addition to statutory listings by the State or Federal Government. Whilst not legislatively protected, these factors are taken into consideration during the assessment of mining proposals, clearing proposals and other proposed development. The Technical guidance – flora and vegetation survey for environmental impact assessment (EPA 2016) defines significant flora as:  Being identified as threatened or priority species;  Locally endemic or associated with a restricted habitat type;  New species or anomalous features that indicate a potential new species;  being representative of the range of a species (particularly, at the extremes of range, recently discovered range extensions, or isolated outliers of the main range);  unusual species, including restricted subspecies, varieties, or naturally occurring hybrids; or  relictual status, being representative of taxonomic groups that no longer occur widely in the broader landscape. The Technical guidance – flora and vegetation survey for environmental impact assessment (EPA 2016) defines significant vegetation as:  Being identified as threatened or priority ecological communities;  Restricted distribution;  Degree of historical impact from threatening processes;  A role as a refuge; or  Providing an important function required to maintain ecological integrity of a significant ecosystem.

APPENDIX B: CHANGES AND ADDITIONS TO TRONOX-ILUKA CONSERVATION SIGNIFICANT FLORA DATABASE BASED ON THE MATTISKE 2016 SURVEYS

Note: "Number of locations" includes locations where a historic record was re-visited by Mattiske in 2016 and the species was no longer present or not recorded; ^ indicates that the totals include species records with a ‘?’ (i.e. not positively confirmed); 1 this specimen was originally H. sp. Cataby (G.J. Keighery 5151) (P2) and was re-identified in the 2016 surveys; 2 this specimen was originally V. huegelii var. tridens (P3) and was re-identified in the 2016 surveys;this ; totals include all records within the Study Area (AA including tenement M268SA - as some records were re-visited in 2016); bolded records indicates species specifically targeted as part of the survey methodology.

NUMBER OF LOCATIONS NUMBER OF PLANTS

SPECIES ORIGINAL ORIGINAL CODE MCPL T-I 2017 MCPL T-I 2017 MCPL NEW T-I MCPL NEW T-I UPDATED DATABASE UPDATED UPDATED DATABASE UPDATED RECORDS DATABASE RECORDS DATABASE CONSERVATION RECORDS RECORDS TOTAL RECORDS RECORDS TOTAL TOTAL TOTAL Andersonia gracilis T 180 127 1022 1329 1148 2852 559 15144 18555 18745 Anigozanthos viridis subsp. terraspectans ^ T 42 25 22 89 47 85539 178645 1407 265591 2944 Macarthuria keigheryi T 0 74 72 146 146 0 0 564 564 845 Paracaleana dixonii T 1 1 0 2 1 1 0 0 1 1 Babingtonia delicata P1 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1

Grevillea thelemanniana subsp. Cooljarloo (B.J. Keighery 28 B)^ P1 166 3 72 241 75 2814 10 869 3693 891 Calectasia palustris P2 30 0 4 34 4 115 0 4 119 4 Chordifex reseminans P2 1845 32 32 1909 64 217692 1084 332 219108 432 Thelymitra pulcherrima P2 6 0 0 6 0 9 0 0 9 0

Hypocalymma angustifolium x H. xanthopetalum 1 N/A 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 Lyginia excelsa P1 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 Stylidium carnosum subsp. ?Narrow leaves (J.A. Wege 490) P1 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 Desmocladus microcarpus P2 0 0 8 8 8 0 0 8 8 8 Isotropis cuneifolia subsp. glabra P2 13 0 0 13 0 185 0 0 185 0 Stenanthemum sublineare P2 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 Stylidium aceratum P2 0 0 2 2 2 0 0 2 2 2 Allocasuarina grevilleoides P3 0 1 1 2 2 0 20 5 25 6 Angianthus micropodioides P3 0 0 30 30 30 0 0 17970 17970 17970 Babingtonia cherticola P3 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 Babingtonia urbana P3 1030 13 101 1144 114 83149 941 2018 86108 2202 Banksia dallanneyi subsp. pollosta P3 0 0 75 75 75 0 0 6832 6832 6832 Beaufortia bicolor P3 1 0 6 7 6 55 0 33 88 33 Beaufortia eriocephala P3 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 Beyeria cinerea subsp. cinerea P3 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 APPENDIX B: CHANGES AND ADDITIONS TO TRONOX-ILUKA CONSERVATION SIGNIFICANT FLORA DATABASE BASED ON THE MATTISKE 2016 SURVEYS

NUMBER OF LOCATIONS NUMBER OF PLANTS

SPECIES ORIGINAL ORIGINAL CODE MCPL T-I 2017 MCPL T-I 2017 MCPL NEW T-I MCPL NEW T-I UPDATED DATABASE UPDATED UPDATED DATABASE UPDATED RECORDS DATABASE RECORDS DATABASE CONSERVATION RECORDS RECORDS TOTAL RECORDS RECORDS TOTAL TOTAL TOTAL Conospermum scaposum P3 64 5 120 189 125 1024 109 10160 11293 10196 Desmocladus biformis P3 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 Desmocladus nodatus P3 0 0 37 37 37 0 0 64 64 64 Eryngium pinnatifidum subsp. Palustre (G.J. Keighery 13459) P3 0 0 6 6 6 0 0 55 55 55 Goodenia perryi P3 0 0 3 3 3 0 0 370 370 370 Guichenotia alba P3 12 1 2 15 3 164 0 2 166 12 Hakea longiflora P3 0 0 13 13 13 0 0 320 320 320 Hensmania stoniella P3 0 0 77 77 77 0 0 132 132 132 Hibbertia spicata subsp. leptotheca P3 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 Hypocalymma gardneri P3 0 0 2 2 2 0 0 2 2 2 Hypocalymma serrulatum P3 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 Isopogon panduratus subsp. palustris P3 473 4 388 865 392 12669 85 4820 17574 4997 Jacksonia carduacea P3 0 0 18 18 18 0 0 249 249 249 Leucopogon sp. Yanchep (M. Hislop 1986) P3 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 Persoonia rudis P3 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 Platysace ramosissima P3 0 1 78 79 79 0 0 265 265 266 Schoenus pennisetis P3 0 1 43 44 44 0 0 1707 1707 1757

Stylidium hymenocraspedum ^ P3 0 1 157 158 158 0 0 664 664 677 Anigozanthos humilis subsp. chrysanthus P4 0 0 3 3 3 0 0 5 5 5 Boronia tenuis P4 0 0 2 2 2 0 0 10 10 10

Conostephium magnum ^ P4 42 2 228 272 230 860 13 1913 2786 1917 Eucalyptus macrocarpa subsp. elachantha P4 0 0 7 7 7 0 0 25 25 25 Frankenia glomerata P4 0 0 19 19 19 0 0 1132 1132 1132 Grevillea saccata P4 0 1 3 4 4 0 0 12 12 13 APPENDIX B: CHANGES AND ADDITIONS TO TRONOX-ILUKA CONSERVATION SIGNIFICANT FLORA DATABASE BASED ON THE MATTISKE 2016 SURVEYS

NUMBER OF LOCATIONS NUMBER OF PLANTS

SPECIES ORIGINAL ORIGINAL CODE MCPL T-I 2017 MCPL T-I 2017 MCPL NEW T-I MCPL NEW T-I UPDATED DATABASE UPDATED UPDATED DATABASE UPDATED RECORDS DATABASE RECORDS DATABASE CONSERVATION RECORDS RECORDS TOTAL RECORDS RECORDS TOTAL TOTAL TOTAL Lepidobolus densus P4 0 0 2 2 2 0 0 11 11 11 Ornduffia submersa P4 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 Schoenus griffinianus P4 0 1 82 83 83 0 0 277 277 279 Schoenus natans P4 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 Stylidium longitubum P4 0 0 4 4 4 0 0 4 4 4 Thelymitra apiculata P4 2 0 0 2 0 2 0 0 2 0 Thysanotus glaucus P4 0 0 21 21 21 0 0 27 27 27

Verticordia lindleyi subsp. lindleyi ^ P4 23 3 105 131 108 216 0 2507 2723 2512 Calytrix aff. eneabbensis - 0 0 2 2 2 0 0 2 2 2 Diuris aff. laxiflora - 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 Eremophila glabra subsp. ?carnosa - 0 0 2 2 2 0 0 32 32 32 Eucalyptus aff. incrassata - 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 7 7 7

Verticordia huegelii var. decumbens 2 - 0 1 0 1 1 0 20 0 20 1 Appendix C has been omitted due to confidentiality requirements

D1. APPENDIX D: SUMMARY OF CHANGES TO THE AREA OF HISTORIC VEGETATION TYPES WITHIN THE STUDY AREA

WOODMAN (2014) AREA MATTISKE 2016 DIFFERENCE IN AREA VEGETATION TYPE (ha) UPDATED AREA (ha) (ha)

1 4151.54 4173.96 22.42 2 1055.83 1054.25 -1.58 3 4.71 4.71 0 4 13.75 13.75 0 5 1887.69 1885.69 -2 6 338.46 341.59 3.12 7 409.16 408.07 -1.09 8 234.63 234.63 0 9a 279.18 280.46 1.28 9b 284.01 285.39 1.38 10 98.2 98.2 0 11 21.68 21.68 0 12 12.1 12.1 0 13 167.65 167.65 0 14 15.68 15.68 0 15 14.62 14.62 0 16 45.96 45.96 0 17 16371.89 16348.64 -23.25 18 6344.44 6344.16 -0.28 C 1302.41 1302.41 0 R 1325.24 1325.24 0 W 22.74 22.74 0 Total 34401.59 34401.59 0