DOCSLIB.ORG

Black Sea and Caspian Sea Symposium — 2006 NDIC PRESS

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Black Sea and Caspian Sea Symposium — 2006 NDIC PRESS black sea and caspian sea symposium — 2006 NDIC PRESS PRESS — 2006 NDIC symposium sea caspian and sea black NATIONAL DEFENSE INTELLIGENCE COLLEGE black sea and caspian sea symposium 9 - 10 march 2006 PCN 6754 e Research nc e n g ii l ll ee tt nn I I cial policy of position of the c c i i g g e e Washington, DC Washington, t NDIC PRESS t a ect the offi a 9-10 March 2006 r Symposium r t t S S r o f r e t n e C r o f r e t n e C respective Governments participants’ National Defense Intelligence College and do not refl The views expressed in these remarks are those of the participants Black Sea and Caspian Sea CONTENTS Day 1: Framing the Issues Welcoming Addresses President A. Denis Clift, NDIC . 1 LTG Michael D. Maples, USA, Director, Defense Intelligence Agency . .2 General (Retired) Sergiu T. Medar, Senior Advisor to the Romanian President, National Security Department . 5 Keynote Address: U.S. European Command Initiatives to Promote Regional Cooperation Gen Charles F. Wald, USAF, Deputy Commander, U.S. European Command . 24 Overview of the Black Sea/Caspian Sea Region Dr. Jeffrey Simon, Institute for National Strategic Studies, National Defense University . 39 U.S. Policy and Interests in the Region Ambassador Richard D. Kauzlarich, National Intelligence Offi cer for Europe . 56 Department of Defense Interests and Initiatives in the Region James C. MacDougall, Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense for Eurasia . 75 Security Situation in the Black Sea Major General Mehmet Eroz, Turkish General Staff . 88 Day 2: Strategies for Cooperation Current Intelligence Briefi ng: Security Threats to the Region Joint Intelligence Analysis Offi ce, Directorate for Analysis, Defense Intelligence Agency . 112 Theater Perspective on Security Threats and Allied Cooperation BG John M. Custer, USA, J2, U.S. Central Command . 121 BG Brian A. Keller, USA, J2, U.S. European Command . 122 RADM Robert M. Clark, USN, Director of Maritime Partnership Program, Commander, Naval Forces Europe/Sixth Fleet . 128 Energy Development and the Future of the Region Ms. Kate Hardin, Director, Caspian Energy, Cambridge Energy Research Associates . 142 Regional Security Issues and Concepts for Cooperation Counter-Narcotics, DIA . 160 Terrorism, JITF-CT . 165 iii Illegal Traffi cking, Anna Stinchcomb, Department of State . 170 Methods of Cooperation, Dr. Jennifer Moroney, RAND Corp. 174 Issues Discussed and the Way Ahead Richard Giragosian. 186 Closing Remarks President A. Denis Clift, NDIC . 194 LTG Michael D. Maples, USA, Director, Defense Intelligence Agency. 196 Biographics of Speakers . 201 iv Black Sea and Caspian Sea Symposium Participants First Row (Left to Right): Major General Orlin Marintchev, Bulgaria; Rear Admiral Robert Clark, USN; Mr. David Soumbadze, Georgia; Major General Plamen Stoudenkov, Bulgaria; General Medar, Romania; Lieutenant General Maples, USA, Lieutenant Colonel Dilchod Issoqov, Tajikistan; Major General Mehmet Eroz, Turkey; Colonel Rahim Jafarov, Azerbaijan; Mr. Bakhtier Ibragimov, Uzbekistan Second Row (Left to Right): Mr. Denis Clift, USA; Colonel Valeriu Delighioz, Moldova; Major Corneliu Cojocaru, Moldova; Brigadier General Brian Keller, USA; Major General Basentsi Azoyan, Armenia; Mr. Oleksandr Halaka, Ukraine; Colonel Geldi Annaberdiyev, Turkmenistan; Brigadier General Gheorghe Savu, Romania; Captain Aleksandr Kustov, Russian Federation; Ambassador Richard Kauzlarich, USA v BLACK SEA AND CASPIAN SEA SYMPOSIUM Thursday, 9 March 2006 WELCOMING ADDRESSES A. Denis Clift, President, National Defense Intelligence College What a great pleasure it is to welcome you to this Symposium on Black Sea and Caspian Security Issues. As you will see from the speakers’ agenda and the list of participants in your Conference papers, this is a most distinguished and highly knowledgeable gathering. We have participants from Armenia, Azerbaijan, Bulgaria, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Moldova, Romania, Russia, Tajikistan, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, Uzbekistan, and the United States. Good communications, the fullest possible exchange of information, critical thinking, and informed debate are central to the education and research programs at the Joint Military Intelligence College. And they are central to the goals that we are setting for this symposium. Through the College’s Center for External and International Programs, we are fostering an expanding dialogue with friends, colleagues, and experts around the world. We do so with the clear understanding that together we can learn and impart knowledge far more effectively than we can working alone. This Symposium contributes greatly to such a dialogue. I would add that, in shaping the program for today and tomorrow, we have drawn on lessons learned from the College’s Senior International Intelligence Fellow’s Program, which brings general- and fl ag-level offi cers together at the College for a three-week seminar each year. This past year, we had generals, admirals, and their civilian equivalents from sub-Saharan Africa. This year they will be coming from Central and South America. In past years, our seminars have included participants from Europe and from Asia. In these seminars, few of the International Fellows have known each other prior to coming together at the College. However, many have formed professional and personal bonds and, through the benefi ts of e-mail and networking, they now stay in close touch. In their work, the International Fellows have agreed that by combining strengths they are burden- sharing; they are playing their best cards. They are contributing what each knows best and what each does best. They have agreed that what they do is part of a larger international effort, that intelligence relationships can open doors to ties that pay far larger dividends. Such relationships, in the words of one of the Fellows, are the work of “silent diplomacy.” Thus, I welcome you. We look forward to learning with you, to gaining and sharing knowledge on issues of importance in the Black and Caspian 1 Sea Region. It is now my distinct pleasure to introduce this morning’s fi rst speaker, the Director of the Defense Intelligence Agency and U.S. Co-chairman of the symposium, LTG Michael D. Maples. General Maples. LTG Michael D. Maples, USA, Director of the Defense Intelligence Agency Good morning! I had the opportunity to walk around just before the meeting began and had the opportunity to speak with several of you. I understand that a number here in the room fl ew in late yesterday and got in late last night. We still may be adjusting to the time schedule here, and I understand that. But what I just heard the President of the College talk about was the opportunity that we have to have discussions and to share knowledge, one with another. And for that I need for you to be a part of this program, because the benefi t of having this seminar is the opportunity for us, collectively, to listen, to understand, to discuss, and to share knowledge and ideas. And for that purpose, when we have the opportunity for discussion, it’s important that we get the ideas out, that we discuss concerns, and that we have opportunity for discussion, exchange of information, critical thinking, and really debate among all of those who are present here. So, Denis, thank you. Thank you for your introduction and thank you for arranging, in conjunction with Brad Knopp, to bring this group together to discuss a very, very important region of the world and to discuss the issues that are associated with the region. And it’s really an honor for the Defense Intelligence Agency to have the opportunity to host this event. Many of you may have come in through the old part of the Defense Intelligence Agency’s building. Some of you may have seen on the other side here that there’s a whole new building and that we’re growing. In fact, we’re in the fi rst part of that construction, but we’ve got a new building that’s going up right behind us right now that very shortly is going to be occupied. It will be ready for us soon and we’ll be able to move more of our agency into the building. So, if you’d look through LTG Maples welcomes attendees during the opening session of the conference. 2 the doors on the far side when you go out for coffee, we’re not tearing down, we’re building up. This conference came together as a result of a discussion that occurred about a year ago, I think, between my predecessor, ADM Jacoby, Mr. Brad Knopp and Gen Medar. They discussed that there were a number of emerging issues related to the Black Sea and the Caspian Sea area, that those issues were of signifi cance to everyone on a regional basis, and important to all of us who are gathered here. After that discussion, a follow-on discussion occurred with Gen Wald at the European Command. Gen Wald reiterated the idea that mutual interest and mutual discussion in these areas of concern, would benefi t all of us. So, the underlying bases and the genesis for having this conference actually came about as a suggestion from one of those currently present with us, Gen Medar, and Gen Wald, who will join us shortly. These two men really generated the idea and the concept and gave us the opportunity to build this conference and to bring everyone together so that we could have the opportunity to discuss these issues. You know as the Cold War came to an end, there were numerous security challenges that were created for the United States. And there were numerous transnational and geopolitical challenges that also developed for all of us who are here today— unresolved territorial disputes, terrorism, religious extremism, weapons proliferation, narcotics traffi cking, organized crime, illegal immigration and human traffi cking, and the competition for resources.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Fresh- and Brackish-Water Cold-Tolerant Species of Southern Europe: Migrants from the Paratethys That Colonized the Arctic
    water Review Fresh- and Brackish-Water Cold-Tolerant Species of Southern Europe: Migrants from the Paratethys That Colonized the Arctic Valentina S. Artamonova 1, Ivan N. Bolotov 2,3,4, Maxim V. Vinarski 4 and Alexander A. Makhrov 1,4,* 1 A. N. Severtzov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119071 Moscow, Russia; [email protected] 2 Laboratory of Molecular Ecology and Phylogenetics, Northern Arctic Federal University, 163002 Arkhangelsk, Russia; [email protected] 3 Federal Center for Integrated Arctic Research, Russian Academy of Sciences, 163000 Arkhangelsk, Russia 4 Laboratory of Macroecology & Biogeography of Invertebrates, Saint Petersburg State University, 199034 Saint Petersburg, Russia; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Abstract: Analysis of zoogeographic, paleogeographic, and molecular data has shown that the ancestors of many fresh- and brackish-water cold-tolerant hydrobionts of the Mediterranean region and the Danube River basin likely originated in East Asia or Central Asia. The fish genera Gasterosteus, Hucho, Oxynoemacheilus, Salmo, and Schizothorax are examples of these groups among vertebrates, and the genera Magnibursatus (Trematoda), Margaritifera, Potomida, Microcondylaea, Leguminaia, Unio (Mollusca), and Phagocata (Planaria), among invertebrates. There is reason to believe that their ancestors spread to Europe through the Paratethys (or the proto-Paratethys basin that preceded it), where intense speciation took place and new genera of aquatic organisms arose. Some of the forms that originated in the Paratethys colonized the Mediterranean, and overwhelming data indicate that Citation: Artamonova, V.S.; Bolotov, representatives of the genera Salmo, Caspiomyzon, and Ecrobia migrated during the Miocene from I.N.; Vinarski, M.V.; Makhrov, A.A.
    [Show full text]
  • Mediterranean, Black and Caspian Seas Region
    MEDITERRANEAN, BLACK AND CASPIAN SEAS REGION 1 INTRODUCTION • Fellows from the region • National and Regional needs for the Region • Actions to be taken. • Recent developments on Maritime issues 2 Fellows from the Region • Republic of Bulgaria – 1 • Georgia – 1 • Islamic Republic of Iran – 3 • Turkey – 1 • Libya – 1 • Republic of Azerbaijan – 1 3 Republic of Bulgaria • To comply, implement and enforce the IMO Conventions namely Ballast Water Management Convention, Recycling Convention and HNS Convention. • To conclude agreement with neighboring countries e.g with Romania on delimitation of maritime spaces in Black Sea. • To assist the States in the region in their endeavor to comply with, implement and enforce the IMO conventions because the ratification and enforcement of existing IMO conventions by all Black sea countries will ensure a global level playing field. 4 • To elaborate the national Maritime Transport Strategy with its priority areas, namely shipping in globalized markets, human resources, quality shipping, short sea shipping, research and innovation • To conclude search and rescue agreements between the countries in the Black Sea region • These are national and regional needs for the Republic of Bulgaria. 5 Islamic Republic of Iran Issues regarding environmental legislation, national action and delimitation of maritime boundaries •Inadequate marine and coastal management laws. •Insufficient legislation to protect coastal and marine natural resources. •Overlapping and conflicting laws regarding marine and coastal management. • Lack of internationally legally recognized regime applicable to exploration and exploitation of the shared natural resources. 6 Actions to be taken • Strengthen the legal framework regarding coastal and marine environment protection • Coordinating and managing environmental conflicts among various organizations.
    [Show full text]
  • A 2020 Vision for the Black Sea Region a Report by the Commission on the Black Sea
    A 2020 Vision for the Black Sea Region A Report by the Commission on the Black Sea www.blackseacom.eu An initiative of: The Black eaS Trust for Regional Cooperation A 2020 Vision for the Black Sea Region A Report by the Commission on the Black Sea Contents Why read this Report? 4 What is the Commission on the Black Sea? 7 Executive Summary 12 Резюме выводов 15 Yönetici Özeti 19 The Report Introduction: The State of Play 22 Peace and Security 28 Economic Development and Welfare 31 Democratic Institutions and Good Governance 34 Regional Cooperation 36 Conclusions 38 Policy Recommendations 40 The Black Sea in Figures 45 Abbreviations 65 Initiators 67 The Rapporteurs, Editor and Acknowledgements 69 Imprint 70 3 Why read this Report? Why read this Report? … because the Black Sea matters The Black Sea region is coming into its own - but it is a contested and sometimes dangerous neighbourhood. It has undergone countless political transformations over time. And now, once again, it is becoming the subject of an intense debate. This reflects the changing dynamics of the Black Sea countries and the complex realities of their politics and conflicts, economies and societies. Geography, the interests of others and the region’s relations with the rest of the world in large part explain its resurgence. Straddling Europe and Asia, the Black Sea links north to south and east to west. Oil, gas, transport and trade routes are all crucial in explaining its increasing relevance. In the last two decades the Black Sea has changed beyond recognition. We have witnessed the transformation of the former communist societies and the impact of globalisation.
    [Show full text]
  • Modeling of the Turkish Strait System Using a High Resolution Unstructured Grid Ocean Circulation Model
    Journal of Marine Science and Engineering Article Modeling of the Turkish Strait System Using a High Resolution Unstructured Grid Ocean Circulation Model Mehmet Ilicak 1,* , Ivan Federico 2 , Ivano Barletta 2,3 , Sabri Mutlu 4 , Haldun Karan 4 , Stefania Angela Ciliberti 2 , Emanuela Clementi 5 , Giovanni Coppini 2 and Nadia Pinardi 3 1 Eurasia Institute of Earth Sciences, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul 34469, Turkey 2 Fondazione Centro Euro-Mediterraneo sui Cambiamenti Climatici, Ocean Predictions and Applications Division, 73100 Lecce, Italy; [email protected] (I.F.); [email protected] (I.B.); [email protected] (S.A.C.); [email protected] (G.C.) 3 Department of Physics and Astronomy, Universita di Bologna Alma Mater Studiorum, 40126 Bologna, Italy; [email protected] 4 TUBITAK MRC Environment and Cleaner Production Institute, Kocaeli 41470, Turkey; [email protected] (S.M.); [email protected] (H.K.) 5 Fondazione Centro Euro-Mediterraneo sui Cambiamenti Climatici, Ocean Modeling and Data Assimilation Division, 40126 Bologna, Italy; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Abstract: The Turkish Strait System, which is the only connection between the Black Sea and the Mediterranean Sea, is a challenging region for ocean circulation models due to topographic constraints and water mass structure. We present a newly developed high resolution unstructured finite element grid model to simulate the Turkish Strait System using realistic atmospheric forcing and lateral open boundary conditions. We find that the jet flowing from the Bosphorus Strait into the Marmara creates Citation: Ilicak, M.; Federico, I.; an anticyclonic circulation. The eddy kinetic energy field is high around the jets exiting from the Barletta, I.; Mutlu, S.; Karan, H.; Ciliberti, S.A.; Clementi, E.; Coppini, Bosphorus Strait, Dardanelles Strait, and also the leeward side of the islands in the Marmara Sea.
    [Show full text]
  • Manchuria Documents to Examine
    Source 1 Source Information: The Legacy of the Soviet Union Offensives of August 1945 https://amti.csis.org/the-legacy-of-the-soviet-offensives-of-august-1945/ ____________________________________________________________________________ THE LEGACY OF THE SOVIET OFFENSIVES OF AUGUST 1945 BY JEFF MANKOFF | AUGUST 13, 2015 JAPAN, RUSSIA, UNITED STATES The Second World War was an unparalleled calamity for the Soviet Union. As many as 27 million Soviet soldiers and civilians died as a result of the conflict that started with the German invasion of Poland in September 1939 and ended with the Japanese surrender in August 1945. Consumed by this existential struggle along its western border, the Soviet Union was a comparatively minor factor in the Pacific War until the very end. Yet Moscow’s timely intervention in the war against Japan allowed it to expand its influence along the Pacific Rim. With the breakdown of Allied unity soon heralding the onset of the Cold War, Soviet gains in Asia also left a legacy of division and confrontation, some of which endure into the present. By the 1930s, Stalin’s Soviet Union and Imperial Japan both viewed themselves as rising powers with ambitions to extend their territorial holdings. In addition to a strategic rivalry dating back to the 19th century, they now nursed an ideological enmity born of the Bolshevik Revolution and the ultraconservative military’s growing hold on Japanese politics. In 1935, Japan signed the AntiComintern Pact with Hitler’s Germany, laying the foundation for the creation of the Axis (Fascist Italy would join the following year). The two militaries engaged in a series of skirmishes along the frontier between Soviet Siberia and Japanese-occupied Manchuria (Manchukuo) during the late 1930s.
    [Show full text]
  • Botanical Problems in Boreal America. I Author(S): Hugh M
    Botanical Problems in Boreal America. I Author(s): Hugh M. Raup Source: Botanical Review, Vol. 7, No. 3, Botanical Problems in Boreal America. I (Mar., 1941), pp. 147-208 Published by: Springer on behalf of New York Botanical Garden Press Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/4353246 Accessed: 15-12-2017 21:12 UTC JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected]. Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at http://about.jstor.org/terms Springer, New York Botanical Garden Press are collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to Botanical Review This content downloaded from 128.103.149.52 on Fri, 15 Dec 2017 21:12:58 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms THE BOTANICAL REVIEW VOL. VII MARCH, 1941 No. 3 BOTANICAL PROBLEMS IN BOREAL AMERICA. I HUGH M. RAUP Arnold Arboretum, Harvard University CONTENTS PAGE Introduction ................ ........................... 148 Acknowledgments . ........................................... 150 Exploration .............. ............................. 151 Physiographic History ........................................... 161 Climate ........................................................... 169 Origin and Distribution of the Flora Speciation and Endemism .173 The Theory of Persistence The Darwin-Hooker Concept ............................... 178 The Nunatak Hypothesis .......... .......... 181 Conservatism vs. Aggressiveness ............................. 184 Wynne-Edwards' Criticism of the Nunatak Hypothesis . 186 Discussion of Wynne-Edwards' Criticism .188 Hulten's Studies of Arctic and Boreal Biota Statement of the Problem .198 Plastic vs.
    [Show full text]
  • The Black Sea Region After EU Enlargement Occasional Paper
    Occasional Paper June 2004 n°53 Mustafa Aydin Europe’s next shore: the Black Sea region after EU enlargement published by the European Union Institute for Security Studies 43 avenue du Président Wilson F-75775 Paris cedex 16 phone: + 33 (0) 1 56 89 19 30 fax: + 33 (0) 1 56 89 19 31 e-mail: [email protected] www.iss-eu.org In January 2002 the EU Institute for Security Studies (EUISS) was created as a Paris- based autonomous agency of the European Union. Following an EU Council Joint Action of 20 July 2001, it is now an integral part of the new structures that will support the fur- ther development of the CFSP/ESDP. The Institute’s core mission is to provide analyses and recommendations that can be of use and relevance to the formulation of EU policies. In carrying out that mission, it also acts as an interface between experts and decision-mak- ers at all levels. Occasional Papers are essays or reports that the Institute considers should be made avail- able as a contribution to the debate on topical issues relevant to European security. They may be based on work carried out by researchers granted awards by the EUISS, on contri- butions prepared by external experts, and on collective research projects or other activities organised by (or with the support of) the Institute. They reflect the views of their authors, not those of the Institute. Publication of Occasional Papers will be announced in the EUISS Newsletter and they will be available on request in the language - either English or French - used by authors.
    [Show full text]
  • Initial Stages of Two Neolithisation Models in the Lower Volga Basin
    Documenta Praehistorica XLIII (2016) Initial stages of two Neolithisation models in the Lower Volga basin Aleksandr Vybornov Samara State University of Social Sciences and Education, Samara, RU [email protected] ABSTRACT – In this paper, two groups of ancient sites located in the Lower Volga River basin are analysed. The first group is linked to the emergence of the oldest pottery in this region, which is one of the most ancient in Europe. The presence of this feature of the ‘Neolithic package’ can be dated to the middle of the 7th millenium BC. A production economy is a particular feature of the second group of sites, which can be dated to the end of the 6th millenium BC. This is one of the earliest pieces of evidence of the existence of domesticated species in Eastern Europe. These two groups of sites show the initial stages of two Neolithisation models in the Lower Volga basin. IZVLE∞EK – V ≠lanku analiziramo dve skupini najdi∏≠ na obmo≠ju spodnjega dela reke Volge. Prva skupina je vezana na pojav najstarej∏e lon≠enine na tem prostoru, ki je hkrati ena najstarej∏ih v Ev- ropi. Navzo≠nost lon≠enine, ki je del t. i. ‘neolitskega paketa’, lahko datiramo v sredino 7. tiso≠letja pr. n. ∏t. Pojav produktivnega gospodarstva je zna≠ilnost druge skupine najdi∏≠, ki jih datiramo na konec 6. tiso≠letja pr. n. ∏t. To je eden najstarej∏ih dokazov o navzo≠nosti udoma≠enih vrst ∫ivali v Vzhodni Evropi. Obe skupini najdi∏≠ predstavljata za≠etne stopnje dveh razli≠nih modelov neolitiza- cije na obmo≠ju spodnje Volge.
    [Show full text]
  • A Study on the Scythian Torque
    IJCC, Vol, 6, No. 2, 69〜82(2003) A Study on the Scythian Torque Moon-Ja Kim Professor, Dept, of Clothing & Textiles, Suwon University (Received May 2, 2003) Abstract The Scythians had a veritable passion for adornment, delighting in decorating themselves no less than their horses and belongings. Their love of jewellery was expressed at every turn. The most magnificent pieces naturally come from the royal tombs. In the area of the neck and chest the Scythian had a massive gold Torques, a symbol of power, made of gold, turquoise, cornelian coral and even amber. The entire surface of the torque, like that of many of the other artefacts, is decorated with depictions of animals. Scythian Torques are worn with the decorative terminals to the front. It was put a Torque on, grasped both terminals and placed the opening at the back of the neck. It is possible the Torque signified its wearer's religious leadership responsibilities. Scythian Torques were divided into several types according to the shape, Torque with Terminal style, Spiral style, Layers style, Crown style, Crescent-shaped pectoral style. Key words : Crescent-shaped pectoral style, Layers style, Scythian Torque, Spiral style, Terminal style role in the Scythian kingdom belonged to no­ I • Introduction mads and it conformed to nomadic life. A vivid description of the burial of the Scythian kings The Scythians originated in the central Asian and of ordinary members of the Scythian co­ steppes sometime in the early first millennium, mmunity is contained in Herodotus' History. The BC. After migrating into what is present-day basic characteristics of the Scythian funeral Ukraine, they flourished, from the seventh to the ritual (burials beneath Kurgans according to a third centuries, BC, over a vast expanse of the rite for lating body in its grave) remained un­ steppe that stretched from the Danube, east changed throughout the entire Scythian period.^ across what is modem Ukraine and east of the No less remarkable are the articles from the Black Sea into Russia.
    [Show full text]
  • Global Regents Review Packet 16-B
    GLOBAL REGENTS REVIEW PACKET NUMBER 16-B - PAGE 1 of 24 THIS IS GLOBAL REGENTS REVIEW PACKET NUMBER 16-B THE TOPICS OF STUDY IN THIS PACKET ARE: • JAPAN’S TOKUGAWA SHOGUNATE • THE MEIJI RESTORATION • JAPANESE IMPERIALISM GLOBAL REGENTS REVIEW PACKET NUMBER 16-B - PAGE 2 of 24 JAPAN’S TOKUGAWA SHOGUNATE The Tokugawa shogunate created a FEUDAL government in Japan; FEUDALISM provided SOCIAL STABILITY; Know the social structure of feudal Japan: (Emperor>Shogun>Daimyo>Samurai>Peasants & Artisans>Merchants); Samurai = WARRIORS, they followed the CODE OF BUSHIDO; The Tokugawa shoguns ISOLATED JAPAN; geographic isolation often leads to the strengthening of traditional culture; Japanese isolation ended when Commodore Matthew Perry forced Japan to open up trade with the West. • The Tokugawa shoguns gained control of Japan in the 1600s. Tokugawa = the name of the family that ruled Japan from 1603 – 1868 shogun = the leader of Japanʼs military—this job was hereditary (it was inherited) The term shogunate refers to the Japanese government during the era it was ruled by Tokugawa shoguns. • The Tokugawa shogunate created a FEUDAL government in Japan. Feudalism is a system in which land is exchanged for military service and loyalty. FEUDALISM can be described as a DECENTRALIZED POLITICAL SYSTEM that also provides SOCIAL STABILITY (or social structure). For this reason, feudalism is sometimes referred to as a both a political system and a social system. The Global Regents Exam often compares Japanese (Tokugawa) feudalism to Medieval European feudalism. In both Japan and Europe, emperors and kings were to weak to prevent invasions or stop internal disputes. Feudalism provided a way for rulers to preserve law and order (see Regents Review Packet #5 for more on European feudalism).
    [Show full text]
  • Russian Organized Crime
    Stanford Model United Nations Conference 2014 Russian Organized Crime Chair: Alina Utrata Co-Chair: Christina Schiciano Crisis Director: Jackie Becker SMUNC 2014 Table of Contents Letter from the Chair . 3 History of Russian Organized Crime . 4 Modernity in Russian Organized Crime . .6 The Crisis . 10 Committee Structure . 12 Character List . 13 Directives . .17 Position Papers . .19 Works Cited . .20 2 SMUNC 2014 Dear Delegates, Welcome to the Russian Organized Crime committee! My name is Alina Utrata and I will be your chair for this upcoming weekend of drama, intrigue, negotiation and, hopefully, making the world a slightly more economically viable place for the Russian mafia. I am currently a sophomore majoring in History. I first got involved with Model United Nations in my freshman year of high school, and I’ve stuck with it this long because nothing parallels the camaraderie of a MUN team. Together, we’ve suffered through the endless team meetings, position paper deadlines and late nights spent drafting resolutions. Whether I’ve been half-way across the country or just meeting new people at school, I’ve always found MUN’ers who can bond over the shared experience of pretending to be UN delegates for a weekend. For that reason, I have co-opted two of my best friends here at Stanford, Christina Schiciano and Jackie Becker, to compose your dias. Christina is a sophomore practically fluent in Arabic; she is currently planning to pursue her studies on the Middle East. Jackie is a sophomore, also undeclared; she is interested in international politics and cultural norms, and involved in many drama and theatre productions on campus.
    [Show full text]
  • The Balkans and the Black Sea Region: Problems, Potentials, and Policy Options
    Bertelsmann Group for Policy Research No. 2 · April 2006 Policy Analysis Iris Kempe, Kurt Klotzle The Balkans and the Black Sea Region: Problems, Potentials, and Policy Options This paper was produced as the strategy paper for the conference “The Search for Stability in the Balkans,” which took place in Vienna on 7-8 April 2006. The conference was organized by the Club of 3, Ameurus, and Europäisches Forum Alpbach. The authors would like to thank Martin Brusis for conceptual input on the Balkan region. Kempe · Klotzle · The Balkans and the Black Sea Region Contents Summary 4 1. Introduction 5 2. Risks and Challenges beyond the Borders of the Euro-Atlantic Community 6 3. Linkages and External Actors 10 4. The Balkans and the Black Sea: Strategic Options 13 5. Conclusion 19 Kempe · Klotzle · The Balkans and the Black Sea Region The Balkans and the Black Sea Region: Problems, Potentials, and Policy Options Summary In the decade and a half since Western leaders began to sketch out their vision of a Europe whole and free, the European Union and NATO have succeeded in extending a zone of security and stability across much of the continent. However, two key regions – the Balkans and the Black Sea – are not yet fully incorporated into this vision, and the lack of coherent strategies addressing these regions threat- ens to prevent Europe from achieving its full potential. The Balkans and the Black Sea region are characterised by numerous common risks and challenges, including fragile statehood, a shared history of violent conflict, unconsolidated democratisation and economic underdevelopment.
    [Show full text]