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A History of Orange County, Virginia

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A History of Orange County, Virginia A HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY VIRGINIA From its Formation in 1734 (O. S.) to the end of Reconstruction in 1870; compiled mainly from Original Records With a Brief Sketch of the Beginnings of Virginia, 3. Summary of Local Events to 1.907,and a Map By w. w. SCOTT State Law Liérarian, Memberof the State Historical Society,zzndfor ten years State Librarian of Virginia mcumom), VA. EVERETT WADDEY Co. 1907 MONTPELIER Page 208 Allen County Public Library Ft. Wayne, Indiana COPYRIGHT, 1907 BY W. W. Soon 1.- r_>,~)’, wt-4.,’13,3 , ‘. 3;},1.;k{,C:. c To my Father, 1? GARRETT SCOTT, ‘ii 6.2 74,, Presiding justice of the County of Orange from the creation of that office until displaced by the prescription that followed the war. He , 4 long enjoyed the confidence, esteemand affection of all the people of . his native county, and throughout this tract of years, - “ l4’orethe white flower 0f !l..blamele.v.\-Izffe." 1;; Also, in grateful memoryof his niece, Q}, ELIZABETH HENSHAW, of that part of Orange now called Kentucky; to whose generosity, after the war, I owe my education at the University of Virginia. Historians ought to be precise, faithful, and unprejudiced; and neither interest nor fear, hatred nor afiection. Shouldmake them swerve from the way of truth, Whosemother is history, the n'val of time, the depositary of great actions, witness of the past, example to the present, and monitor to the future.-Cervantes. -- praecipuum munus annalium reor, ne virtutes sileantur, utque pravis dictis factisque ex posteritate et infamia metus sit.-—~ Tacitus, Annales III. 65. PREFACE. I have undertaken to write this book because I thought that the history of Orange was notable enough to deserve preservation. It is much to be regretted that some competent person did not do this work long ago; for in the lapse of time and the neglect of opportunity many things that ought to have been preserved can not now be narrated with confidence as history, hardly as tradition. Though much has perished, much remains. I have read with diligence the minute books of the county court from its organization in I734 down to 1870; and can assert with complete candor that no known resource which I thought might afford information as to the past has been neglected. Name after name of places and people once locally historic has passed into oblivion and beyond the reach of the investigator. Regret is vain, and can not restore Whatis lost; my effort hasybeen to save what is left, and to perpetuate it for posterity. Fortunately the county records are in excellent preservation, and the order books of the county court contain the history of the county, in the main, so far as it may now be Written. I have been advised by judicious and well meaning friends to omit some of the more shocking details, such as the burning of Eve at the stake, the beheading of Peter, the cutting off of ears, burning in the hands, etc_ I have not been ableto take thisview, deemingit buta sorry attempt at writing history to Suppressthe truth. Indeed I think these so—calledcruel episodes in the state of society then existing red.ound rather to the 6 I-I1s'roRY or ORANGE COUNTY credit than to the reproach of our ancestors; when sternness in the administration of the law was an essential, not to say a cardinal, virtue. The sequence of the chapters, though far from being chronoiogical (which is the ideal sequence) is the best I could devise. Facts, far apart in time but relating to the same general subject, have to be grouped in the chapter treating of that subject. Otherwise there could be no orderly narration of them. I have gone but little into the deed and will books, fearing that there is already too much detail, which, for the benefit of the antiquarian, has generally been put into appendices of which there are so many that I look for the criticism that “the book has appendicitis :” which, however, is the prevailing fashion. And genealogy has been altogether eschewed. Grateful acknowledgements are extended to Mr. Charles E. Kemper, of Staunton, himself a historian of excellent fame; to Mr. VV.Gr.Stanard, the well known antiquarian and editor of the Virginia Historical Magazine; and to our courteous and obliging clerk, Mr. C. W. Woolfolk. I submit the book to the public with the assurance that it is the truth as far as Iihave been able to ascertain it after diligent seeking; the simpletruth, unwarped by fear, favor, or affection. It has been written with no sordid motive, but I hope a sufficient number of copies may be sold to reimburse the cost of publication, and, perhaps with too much vanity, I look to the appreciation of my friends and of posterity for my main and enduring reward. VV.VV.Scorr. EXPLANA TIONS. As sundry archaic terms are unavoidably employed in this work the following definitions are deemed neces­ sary. “ tyle.” The old style prevailed when the county was formed, and until 1752, when the year began March 25th; January, February, and March, up to the 25th, constituting the last three instead of the first three months of the year. The change of ‘style’ consisted.in dating the year from January 1st instead of March 25th; and the addition of the eleven days was a mere incident. “ Tithable.” For many yearsfltaxes were levied only on persons, not on property, and a tithable, generally speaking, was such a person as was subject to taxation; usually all male persons sixteen years of age, and serv­ ants of that age of both sexes. “Pounds, shillings, etc.” The colonial pound was not the pound sterling. The pound was twenty shil­ lings, the shilling twelve pence, equivalent to $3 .331}. and 16%cents, respectively. “Gentlemanfi” This term then, as now, was one of great vagueness, but always imparted a certain social or officialdistinction. The grades appear to have been servants, yeomen, planters, who appear to have been “gentlemen” or not, according to their property and 7 8 HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY family connections. To become a justice, sheriff, vestryman, etc., was to acquire the entitlement, at least, of “Gentleman.” “ Prison Bounds.” An area, not exceeding ten acres, about the jail whereprisonersnot committed for treason or felony had liberty, on giving security, to continue therein until discharged: mostly for the benefit of persons imprisoned for debt, the privilege lasting only one year. “Benefit of Clergy.” This was immunity from capital punishment for a first offense,applying at first only to people who could read, but later greatly extended so as to embrace even slaves. Abolished about 1796. “The Test.” In colonialtimes this oath was that the affiant doth believethat there is not the “real presence" in the elements of the communion of the Lord’s Supper. The chief authorities relied on are the order books of the county court and other county records, Hening’s Statutes at Large, manuscript records in the State Library, the Virginia Magazine of History and Biogra­ phy, and other publications of the Virginia Historical l Society. CONTENTS. CHAPTER I. The Seating of Virginia . P35; CHAPTER II. The Genesis of Orange . :7 CHAPTER III. Organization of the County . .. 25 CHAPTER IV. The Courthouses . 33 CHAPTER V. ‘ The Colonial Churches .. .-. 42 CHAPTER VI. Other Old Churches—«The Dissenters . 46 CHAPTER VII. Indian Antiquities . 52 CHAPTER VIII. French and Indian Wars . 53 CHAPTER IX. Orange in the Revolution . 6 3 CHAPTER X. Germanna and the First Settlers . 77 CHAPTER XI. I Progress to the Mines . 87 9 IO HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY CHAPTER XII. Page The Knights of the Horseshoe . 98 CHAPTER XIII. Physical Features . I :4 CHAPTER XIV. Social and Economic . 121 CHAPTER XV. Crimes and Punishments . x33 CHAPTER XVI. The Orange Humane Society . - - - - - - - I - - - - . - - - - - ~ - - - 138 CHAPTER XVII. From 1848 to 186: . .. :44 CHAPTER XVIII. The War Period . , . :48 CHAPTER XIX. Reconstruction, 1865 to 1870. x6o CHAPTER XX. ' Fiscal and Statistical, x87o to I907. - »- - - - - - - - . I66 CHAPTER XXI. Miscellaneous . 174 CHAPTER XXII. Biographical Sketches . 181 CHAPTER XXIII. Historic and Other Homes . , . 202 CHAPTER XXIV. Being a Personal Retrospect . 216 CONTENTS 11 APPENDICES. Page Importations . L . 225 Census, 1782 . , . ‘ . 230 Will of President Madison . 2 39 War of 1812 . ‘ . , . _ . 244 War of The Revolution . 247 Commissions, 1734-1783. ‘ . 258 Roster of the Montpelier Guards During John Brown Raid, :8 59 263 Roster of Confederate Soldiers, 1861 to I86 5. 264 Members of the Various Conventions . 278 Members of the Colonial House of Burgesses . L. 279 Index . ‘ . .. 281 LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS. Montpelier . L. Frontispiece At Burlington . T . x26 - Barboursville . L . .’ . 36 Cameron Lodge . , . 88 Church of the Blind Preacher. 46 Clifton . ‘ . ; . 176 Frascati . 18 Hawfie1d.....' . .. 96 Map of Orange County . T . T . _ . 13 Mayhurst.. .' . ‘ . 160 Montebello . ‘ . .. 112 Mount Sharon . ‘ . ‘ . 56 Pleasant View.. : . ‘ . ‘ . ‘ . 144 Rocklands . 8o Soldier's Rest . _ . _ . 72 Somerset . ‘ . ‘ . 64 Tomb of Madison . ‘ . ‘ . .~. L . 206 Woodley. .' . 168 I Wood Park . _ _ . A . x36 MAP OF ORANGE COUNTY, R VIRGINIA 9 Ilurmou 1-‘ml " , w..zW..­ Fm 1um’E,,:’/ p.,,..: 4/ cl '1' , /* — o 1 2 3 4 5 5 Scale 01‘]\li]L'5i SumL*rI‘iIIL.s1‘, Q2 Fowl V Old CI Wxlderneu , ‘nvern » cu ~. -,1‘ ll‘.“';;\%{.‘(v].) s » ‘ 111 -' ‘bii? 's}.(..f=‘ ‘4 .— :1 ' 1) 1 . 0, ‘ 1EI(l)‘.:YSf(\\’) 61 ;:I-Ch rclx Puurlr mm ‘ g (Iv/r. I\'ov2:pn1 ­ Schuul II4-‘we be 1)on] Nu.12<\ ‘) . N \_ Wlllu/iIc‘s Q) rant in pa. ‘ /099/~ «. <7" %' “ somers <o”’ -»_Q. / ­ $‘p(c'yIar Qle I __ cu _.— WV"°"“.\'m.xa2“ ,L - "9' = ' ~‘ ' .4 ‘1 .
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