DOCSLIB.ORG

Final Report

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Final Report DARWIN INITIATIVE FINAL REPORT To be completed with reference to the Reporting Guidance Notes for Project Leaders (http://darwin.defra.gov.uk/resources/) it is expected that this report will be a maximum of 20 pages in length, excluding annexes) Darwin project information Project Reference 20-013 Project Title Medicinal root trade, plant conservation and local livelihoods in Morocco Host country(ies) Morocco Contract Holder Institution Global Diversity Foundation Partner Institution(s) Science Institute – Rabat, Cadi Ayyad University Regional Herbarium, High Atlas Foundation, Ministry of Water and Environment Darwin Grant Value £279,950 Funder (DFID/Defra) DFID Start/End dates of Project 1 April 2013/31 March 2016 Project Leader’s Name Dr. Gary Martin Project Website/blog/twitter www.global-diversity.org/mediterranean/medicinal-root-trade-plants- conservation-and-livelihoods-in-morocco/ Report Author(s) and date Emily Caruso, Gary Martin, Hassan Rankou, Abderrahim Ouarghidi, Larbi Didouquen (30 June 2016) 1. PROJECT RATIONALE The project was carried out in two rural communes of the Moroccan High Atlas: Imegdale and Ait M’hamed (see Annex 30: Project Location Maps). Both communes are considered micro- hotspots, important areas of the broader Mediterranean biodiversity hotspot. They are principally mountainous areas, with altitudes ranging from 1,000 to 2,500 masl. The climate is arid Mediterranean characterized by hot-dry summers, wet-cold winters and the annual rainfall is around 300 mm. The communes share the following characteristics: (1) high density and diversity of vegetation with numerous endemic, medicinal and useful species; (2) large population of plant collectors that supply Marrakech and national herbal markets; (3) large areas of communally-managed ‘Agdals’ (community conserved areas), forest domains and protected areas, and (4) a high extinction risk for local flora which is under intense threat from multiple and interacting drivers including overgrazing, deforestation, infrastructure development, agricultural intensification, unsustainable exploitation and climate change. The project addresses threats to the sustainable harvest of vulnerable plant resources in these unique biodiverse ecosystems. This is essential in maintaining the ecological integrity of Important Plant Areas (IPAs), ensuring the subsistence of millions of herbal remedy users, and sustaining commercial trade that contributes to the livelihoods of thousands of collectors, vendors and traditional practitioners. The vulnerable and endangered plant biodiversity we seek to conserve – medicinal roots and other over-harvested plant species – is a significant source of livelihoods for Amazigh community-based collectors. Our approach seeks to alleviate poverty of those whose livelihoods depend on plant harvesting through income increases while ensuring the maintenance of sustainable plant populations. In depth ecological and floristic research provided us with a clearer picture of the current conservation status of plant biodiversity in both communes, while socioeconomic research allowed us to establish a robust baseline to ensure that our activities effectively alleviate poverty. In situ and ex situ conservation activities implemented helped ensure sustainable populations of vulnerable medicinal species while also sustaining plant-dependent livelihoods. Community nurseries act not only as ex situ conservation systems for medicinal and aromatic plants but also provide community members with income through the distribution of fruit and nut trees, and an opportunity to transmit of local knowledge of useful plants and horticultural techniques and to learn innovative approaches such as drip irrigation. Ecological monitoring allows us to examine the impacts of our conservation actions and develop new conservation strategies. Capacity-building at all scales ensures local, regional and national ownership of the process, implementation of international agreements and the development of appropriate conservation and socioeconomic policies. 2. PROJECT ACHIEVEMENTS 2 Darwin Final report format with notes – April 2016 OUTCOME Outcome: Conservation assessment, sustainable harvesting, cultivation and protection of ten wild-crafted medicinal roots in Comments (if necessary) two High Atlas Amazigh townships contributes to: viable income increases for medicinal plant collectors and supplementary livelihood benefits for other community members conservation of vulnerable plant species in protected areas, forest domains and agdals (community conserved areas) leading to effective management and governance of genetic, species and landscape diversity in Important Plant Areas representative of unique High Atlas Mediterranean vegetation types; nondirect benefits from Moroccan policy changes related to the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation; building of individual capacity and multi-institutional partnerships on conservation and sustainable livelihoods. Baseline Change by 2016 Source of evidence Assessment of the No floristic studies, no Floristic studies of both communities well advanced. Annex 7: Hassan Rankou The conservation assessments and conservation status databases and no local Local community herbaria created and national herbaria Report on Floristic associated publications and results of of ten wild- community herbaria in Marrakech and Rabat increased by 2,500 herbarium Studies floristic surveys (herbaria) are our harvested were in place specimens. Annex 5: List of Project principal means of verification; these medicinal roots are available for review. An electronic database of the collection created using Publications includes No species accounts BRAHMS. Annex 8: Hassan Rankou perspectives of found. Report on Conservation diverse Floristic richness of both communes mapped. Assessment and Red- stakeholders by A full data account for each species (11 medicinal roots listing year 2 leading to No conservation and 60 endemic monocots): Taxonomy, habitat and implementation of assessments and IUCN ecology, population, threats, conservation measures and Annex 9: Hassan Rankou specific measures Red-listing of wild- GIS distribution map with different layers. Report on Capacity building and networking to reduce harvested medicinal Conservation assessments of 11 medicinal plant root overexploitation by roots or other taxonomic species according to IUCN red list criteria and categories Annex 20: Photo Essay groups were available. on Community Nurseries year 3. Conservation assessments of 60 taxa of Moroccan and Enrichment Planting endemic monocotyledon flora No measures or Direct conservation measures implemented in situ awareness to reduce (enrichment planting) and ex situ (nurseries, see overexploitation existing Outcome 2) at local level Awareness raised among community members, 3 Darwin Final report format with notes – April 2016 harvesters and collectors regarding appropriate conservation practices for sustainable plant harvesting and cultivation Marked decrease In Imegdale commune, The survey of floristic richness and diversity has been Annex 7: Hassan Rankou This outcome is taking longer to in population loss no ecological surveys carried out at both sites, through the use of ecological Report on Floristic measure in detail than originally of target species in had been carried out at census techniques (quadrats and transects) which have Studies planned. One of the principal reasons sampled transects the launch of the project. allowed us to measure the Species Richness (S), the Annex 10: Hassan for this is the droughts our field sites in agdals, forest Simpson Index (D), and the Shannon-Wiener Index (D). Rankou Report on (and Morocco as a whole) have domain and Furthermore, comparison between grazed and non- experienced in recent years. These In Ait M’hamed Ecological Monitoring and protected areas grazed areas have been carried out through the creation have had a significant impact on commune, ecological Enclosures accompanied by of enclosures in agdal and forest domain areas in floristic richness and have contributed surveys had been Annex 32: Abderrahim maintenance of community territories. to socio-political complexity carried out in 2010 Ouarghidi preliminary overall floristic surrounding the management of Initial in situ community-based conservation actions have report on ecological richness of agdals (community conserved been launched, in particular enrichment planting, monitoring of Anacyclus Important Plant highland pastures) where we have implemented through the distribution of MAPs to pyrethrum. Areas and community members who then cultivate endangered established enclosures. This has Annex 31: Imegdale increased plants in their terraces. In Imegdale 18,689 MAPs were affected our ability to take regular Nursery Register cultivation of distributed over the course of the project, as evidenced in measurements of changes in floristic medicinal plants by the nursery register. A similar register was not Annex 21: Photo Essay richness. For this reason, we have year 3 maintained in Ait M’hamed although distribution figures on Plant Collection, not finalised community management are similar. Herbaria Creation, plans for target species (the original Ecological Monitoring and means of verification) given that we We are fundraising to concretise community Botanical Training felt that we needed to deepen our management and monitoring plans. Annex 33: Candidate ecological monitoring research to native species for ensure a robust knowledge enrichment planting foundation
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Cyprus at Christmas
    Cyprus at Christmas Naturetrek Tour Report 20 - 27 December 2019 Eastern Strawberry Tree Greater Sand Plover Snake-eyed Lizard True Cyprus Tarantula Report by Duncan McNiven Photos by Debbie Pain Naturetrek Mingledown Barn Wolf's Lane Chawton Alton Hampshire GU34 3HJ UK T: +44 (0)1962 733051 E: [email protected] W: www.naturetrek.co.uk Tour Report Cyprus at Christmas Tour participants: Yiannis Christofides & Duncan McNiven (leaders), Debbie Pain (co-leader) and Theodoros Theodorou (Doros, driver) with a group of 16 Naturetrek clients Day 1 Friday 20th December Gatwick - Mandria Beach – Paphos Sewage Works - Paphos The bulk of our group of ‘Christmas refugees’ took the early morning flight from Gatwick to Paphos where we met up with our local guide Yannis and driver Doros, as well as the remaining guests who had arrived separately. At the airport we boarded our bus and drove the short distance to Mandria beach. Although it was already late afternoon in Cyprus, here we had a chance to stretch our legs, get some fresh air, feel the warmth of the Mediterranean sun and begin to explore the nature of Cyprus in winter. Amongst the coastal scrub at the back of the beach we noted some familiar Painted Lady butterflies and a flock of lovely Greenfinches that positively glowed in the low winter sun. The scrub was full of Stonechats and noisy Sardinian Warblers, a chattering call that would form the backdrop to our trip wherever we went. A Zitting Cisticola popped up briefly but our attention was drawn to the recently ploughed fields beyond the scrub.
    [Show full text]
  • Genus Mandragora (Solanaceae)
    Bull. not. Hist. Mus. Land. (Bot.) 28(1): 17^0 Issued 25 June 1998 A revision of the genus Mandragora (Solanaceae) STEFAN UNGRICHT* SANDRA KNAPP AND JOHN R. PRESS Department of Botany, Tne~Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD * Present address: Waldmatt 6, CH-5242 Birr, Switzerland CONTENTS Introduction 17 Mythological and medicinal history 18 Taxonomic history 18 Materials and methods 19 Material examined 19 Taxonomic concepts 20 Morphometrics 21 Cladistics 22 Results and discussion 22 Species delimitations using morphometric analyses 22 Phylogeny 26 Biogeography 26 Taxonomic treatment 29 Mandragora L 29 Key to the species of Mandragora 30 1. Mandragora officinarum L 30 2. Mandragora turcomanica Mizg 33 3. Mandragora caulescens C.B. Clarke 34 References 36 Exsiccatae 38 Taxonomic index ... 40 SYNOPSIS. The Old World genus Mandragora L. (Solanaceae) is revised for the first time across its entire geographical range. The introduction reviews the extensive mythological and medicinal as well as the taxonomic history of the genus. On morphological and phenological grounds three geographically widely disjunct species can be distinguished: the Mediterranean M. officinarum L., the narrowly local Turkmenian endemic M. turcomanica Mizg. and the Sino-Himalayan M caulescens C.B. Clarke. The generic monophyly of Mandragora L. as traditionally circumscribed is supported by cladistic analysis of morphological data. The ecological and historical phytogeography of the genus is discussed and alternative biogeographical scenarios are evaluated. Finally, a concise taxonomic treatment of the taxa is provided, based on the evidence of the preceeding analyses. INTRODUCTION The long history of mythology and medicinal use of the mandrake combined with the variable morphology and phenology have led to The nightshade family (Solanaceae) is a cosmopolitan but predomi- considerable confusion in the classification of Mandragora.
    [Show full text]
  • Evolutionary Routes to Biochemical Innovation Revealed by Integrative
    RESEARCH ARTICLE Evolutionary routes to biochemical innovation revealed by integrative analysis of a plant-defense related specialized metabolic pathway Gaurav D Moghe1†, Bryan J Leong1,2, Steven M Hurney1,3, A Daniel Jones1,3, Robert L Last1,2* 1Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, United States; 2Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, United States; 3Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, United States Abstract The diversity of life on Earth is a result of continual innovations in molecular networks influencing morphology and physiology. Plant specialized metabolism produces hundreds of thousands of compounds, offering striking examples of these innovations. To understand how this novelty is generated, we investigated the evolution of the Solanaceae family-specific, trichome- localized acylsugar biosynthetic pathway using a combination of mass spectrometry, RNA-seq, enzyme assays, RNAi and phylogenomics in different non-model species. Our results reveal hundreds of acylsugars produced across the Solanaceae family and even within a single plant, built on simple sugar cores. The relatively short biosynthetic pathway experienced repeated cycles of *For correspondence: [email protected] innovation over the last 100 million years that include gene duplication and divergence, gene loss, evolution of substrate preference and promiscuity. This study provides mechanistic insights into the † Present address: Section of emergence of plant chemical novelty, and offers a template for investigating the ~300,000 non- Plant Biology, School of model plant species that remain underexplored. Integrative Plant Sciences, DOI: https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.28468.001 Cornell University, Ithaca, United States Competing interests: The authors declare that no Introduction competing interests exist.
    [Show full text]
  • The Mandrake Plant and Its Legend
    !is volume is dedicated to Carole P. Biggam, Honorary Senior Research Fellow and Visiting Lecturer at the University of Glasgow, who by the foundation of the Anglo-Saxon Plant- Name Survey, decisively revived the interest in Old English plant-names and thus motivated us to organize the Second Symposium of the ASPNS at Graz University. “What's in a name? !at which we call a rose by any other name would smell as sweet …” Shakespeare, Rome and Juliet, II,ii,1-2. Old Names – New Growth 9 PREFACE Whereas the "rst symposium of the ASPNS included examples of research from many disciplines such as landscape history, place-name studies, botany, art history, the history of food and medicine and linguistic approaches, the second symposium had a slightly di#erent focus because in the year 2006 I had, together with my colleague Hans Sauer, started the project 'Digital and Printed Dictionary of Old English Plan-Names'. !erefore we wanted to concentrate on aspects relevant to the project, i.e. mainly on lexicographic and linguistic ma$ers. Together with conferences held more or less simultaneously to mark the occasion of the 300th anniversary of Linnaeus' birthday in Sweden, this resulted in fewer contributors than at the "rst symposium. As a consequence the present volume in its second part also contains three contributions which are related to the topic but were not presented at the conference: the semantic study by Ulrike Krischke, the interdisciplinary article on the mandragora (Anne Van Arsdall/Helmut W. Klug/Paul Blanz) and - for 'nostalgic' reasons - a translation of my "rst article (published in 1973) on the Old English plant-name fornetes folm.
    [Show full text]
  • A New Record of the Genus Mandragora (Solanaceae) for the Flora of Iran
    A NEW RECORD OF THE GENUS MANDRAGORA (SOLANACEAE) FOR THE FLORA OF IRAN M. Dinarvand & H. Howeizeh Received 2014.01.14; accepted for publication 2014.09.03 Dinarvand, M. & Howeizeh, H. 2014.12.31: A new record of the genus Mandragora (Solanaceae) for the flora of Iran. – Iran. J. Bot. 20 (2): 179-182. Tehran. During the project of collecting plants in Khuzestan province, the specimens of Mandragora autumnalis were collected from Shimbar protected area. It grows in two marginal locations of this wetland. Mandragora autumnalis is reported as a new record for the flora of Iran. Mehri Dinarvand (correspondence <[email protected]>), Research Center of Agriculture and Natural Resources of Khuzestan province & Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran.- Hamid Howeizeh, Research Center of Agriculture and Natural Resources of Khuzestan province, Ahvaz, Khuzistan. Key words: Mandragora; Solanaceae; New record; Shimbar wetland; Khuzestan; Iran. ﮔﺰارش ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺟﺪﻳﺪي از ﺟﻨﺲ Mandragora ﻣﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻴﺮه Solanaceae ﺑﺮاي ﻓﻠﻮر اﻳﺮان ﻣﻬﺮي دﻳﻨﺎروﻧﺪ، ﻋﻀﻮ ﻫﻴﺎت ﻋﻠﻤﻲ ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎت ﻛﺸﺎورزي و ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ ﺧﻮزﺳﺘﺎن و داﻧﺸﺠﻮي دﻛﺘﺮي داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ﻓﺮدوﺳﻲ ﻣﺸﻬﺪ ﺣﻤﻴﺪ ﻫﻮﻳﺰه، ﻋﻀﻮ ﻫﻴﺎت ﻋﻠﻤﻲ ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎت ﻛﺸﺎورزي و ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ ﺧﻮزﺳﺘﺎن ﻃﻲ ﺟﻤﻊ آوري ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎي ﮔﻴﺎﻫﻲ از ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﺷﺪه ﺷﻴﻤﺒﺎر از ﺗﻮاﺑﻊ اﻧﺪﻳﻜﺎ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ Mandragora autumnalis ﺑﺮاي اوﻟﻴﻦ ﺑﺎر ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﺧﻮدرو در دو ﻣﺤﻞ ﺑﻪ ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﺣﺪود 3 ﻛﻴﻠﻮﻣﺘﺮ در ﺣﺎﺷﻴﻪ ﺗﺎﻻب و زﻳﺮاﺷﻜﻮب ﺟﻨﮕﻠﻬﺎي ﺧﺸﻚ ﺑﻠﻮط ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪه ﺷﺪ. ﺗﻌﺪاد اﻓﺮاد اﻳﻦ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ در ﻫﺮ ﻣﺤﻞ ﺣﺪود 20 ﭘﺎﻳﻪ ﺑﻮد. ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪات ﻣﺤﻠﻲ ﻧﺸﺎن ﻣﻲدﻫﺪ اﻳﻦ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺗﺤﺖ ﺧﻄﺮ اﻧﻘﺮاض اﺳﺖ. INTRODUCTION specimens of Mandragora autumnalis were collected The genus Mandragora from Solanaceae family from Shimbar wetland.
    [Show full text]
  • “Hexing Herbs” in Ethnobotanical Perspective: a Historical Review of the Uses of Anticholinergic Solanaceae Plants in Europe
    “Hexing Herbs” in Ethnobotanical Perspective: A Historical Review of the Uses of Anticholinergic Solanaceae Plants in Europe KARSTEN FATUR Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia Though not the most frequently used botanical family, the Solanaceae or nightshade family has provided many plants of great importance around the world. Throughout Europe, the “hexing herbs,” plants from this family with anticholinergic alkaloids, have played an especially impor- tant role in the history and formation of traditions pertaining to plant use in many aspects of human life. Represented in Europe by the genera Atropa, Datura, Hyoscyamus, Mandragora,and Scopolia, the alkaloids hyoscyamine/atropine and scopolamine in these plants have allowed them to be used as medicines, poisons, and intoxicants, leading to the creation of a large mythos and extensive cultural valuation. Through a review of the literature, the exact roles that these “hexing herbs” have played in Europe in the past and present are discussed in this paper, ultimately showing the immense importance of these often misunderstood and vilified plants. Key Words: Ethnobotany, Solanaceae, Hexing herbs, Europe, Anticholinergic, Tropane alkaloids. Introduction made them invaluable to humans throughout the ages (Arroo et al. 2007;Boydetal.1984). Used as OVERVIEW inebriants, medicines, poisons, in rituals, and for many cultural inspirations, these plants have played Informally known as the “hexing herbs,” the a crucial role in the shaping of Europe. anticholinergic members of the Solanaceae that are Among these plants, five genera have been long found in Europe likely earned this name through represented in, or are native to, Europe. All are closely association with witches and magic.
    [Show full text]
  • The Mandrake Plant and Its Legend
    Van Arsdall, Anne, Helmut W. Klug, and Paul Blanz: '!e Mandrake Plant and its Legend.' In: Old Names – New Growth: Proceedings of the 2nd ASPNS Conference, University of Graz, Austria, 6-10 June 2007, and Related Essays. Eds. Peter Bierbaumer and Helmut W. Klug. Frankfurt/Main: Lang, 2009. 285-346. !is volume is dedicated to Carole P. Biggam, Honorary Senior Research Fellow and Visiting Lecturer at the University of Glasgow, who by the foundation of the Anglo-Saxon Plant- Name Survey, decisively revived the interest in Old English plant-names and thus motivated us to organize the Second Symposium of the ASPNS at Graz University. “What's in a name? !at which we call a rose by any other name would smell as sweet …” Shakespeare, Rome and Juliet, II,ii,1-2. Old Names – New Growth 9 PREFACE Whereas the "rst symposium of the ASPNS included examples of research from many disciplines such as landscape history, place-name studies, botany, art history, the history of food and medicine and linguistic approaches, the second symposium had a slightly di#erent focus because in the year 2006 I had, together with my colleague Hans Sauer, started the project 'Digital and Printed Dictionary of Old English Plan-Names'. !erefore we wanted to concentrate on aspects relevant to the project, i.e. mainly on lexicographic and linguistic ma$ers. Together with conferences held more or less simultaneously to mark the occasion of the 300th anniversary of Linnaeus' birthday in Sweden, this resulted in fewer contributors than at the "rst symposium. As a consequence the present volume in its second part also contains three contributions which are related to the topic but were not presented at the conference: the semantic study by Ulrike Krischke, the interdisciplinary article on the mandragora (Anne Van Arsdall/Helmut W.
    [Show full text]
  • Mandragora Officinarum L. (Solanaceae ): a New Record for the Flora of Turkey
    African Journal of Biotechnology Vol. 8 (15), pp. 3560-3564, 4 August, 2009 Available online at http://www.academicjournals.org/AJB DOI: 10.5897/AJB09.889 ISSN 1684–5315 © 2009 Academic Journals Full Length Research Paper Mandragora officinarum L. (Solanaceae ): A new record for the flora of Turkey Hüseyin Fakir¹* and Hasan Özçelik² ¹Süleyman Demirel University, Forest Faculty, Department of Forest Engineering, Isparta, Turkey. ²Süleyman Demirel University, Science-Literature Faculty, Department of Biology, Isparta, Turkey. Accepted 13 July, 2009 Mandragora officinarum L. (Solanaceae ) was collected from western area of the Mediterranean region of Turkey. Mandragora autumnalis Bertol. is widespread in the Mediterranean area at rock slopes, ruins, under Pinus brutia , olive trees and edges of fields in Turkey but M. officinarum L. has not been reported previously. In this study, the detailed morphological characteristics are discussed and compared with the mediterranean M. autumnalis Berthol. Line drawing, diagnostic characters and a distribution map of M. officinarum L. species of Turkey are presented. Key words: Solanaceae , Mandragora , new record, rare species, Turkey. INTRODUCTION Mandragora L. (mandrake) is an old world genus of 1972). It is named by the local people ‘Adam otu’ which means ‘first Solanaceae with only 3 species: M. officinarum L., a prophet’ in Turkish language, because of the human-like thick sto- circum-mediterranean species, M. turcomanica Mizg., a rage roots. Unfortunately, we were not able to obtain information of previous local uses of this old medicinal and mythically important (sub) Irano-Turanian species and M. caulescens C. B. plant. Clarke, a Sino-Himalayan species (Ungricht et al., 1998; Akhani and Ghorbani, 2003).
    [Show full text]
  • A Brief Introduction to the Royal Botanic Garden of Jordan
    AA BBrriieeff IInnttrroodduuccttiioonn ttoo tthhee RRooyyaall BBoottaanniicc GGaarrddeenn ooff JJoorrddaann www.RoyalBotanicGarden.org The Royal Botanic Garden (RBG) of Jordan, founded in 2005, is located about 25 km north of Amman, in Tell Ar-Rumman, overlooking King Talal Dam. The Garden covers two and a half mountains (1,800 dunums / 180 hectares) and has more than 300 m of elevation change within its boundaries. A variety of soil types and microclimates at the site allow the RBG to host a high percentage of the native plant species that A view from the Royal Botanic Garden grow naturally throughout Jordan. To date, the RBG has established a native plant nursery, a seed bank, the National Herbarium of Jordan, the National Virtual Herbarium, a community-based rangeland rehabilitation programme and an income generating programme. In addition to current research on native mushrooms, medicinal plants, natural materials and bioindicators of water pollution, the RBG is now establishing Jordan’s definitive flora and plant Red List, in conjunction with the IUCN. The Royal Botanic Garden will open Artedia squamata to the general public soon. The Royal Botanic Garden is not a governmental organization. However, it plays an important role in the Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan prepared by Jordan's Ministry of Environment, to implement the 1992 Convention on Biological Diversity ratified by the Kingdom in 1993. The RBG ethos is to practice and advocate biodiversity conservation at the whole-systems level. Two key premises guide our work. The first is habitat-based conservation, such that we consider all biogeographic conditions, the complete watershed area, soil condition and exposure to the elements.
    [Show full text]
  • In-Vitro Evaluation of Acetylcholinesterase Inhibition And
    An-Najah National University Faculty of Graduate Studies In-vitro evaluation of acetylcholinesterase inhibition and antioxidant activity of selected Palestinian medicinal plants: Implications for Alzheimer’s disease therapy By Salam Yousef Jamil Abu Zaitoun Supervisor Dr. Munqez Shtaya This Thesis is submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Life Sciences (Biology), Faculty of Graduate Studies, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine. 2014 iii Dedication To my mother for her endless support, my father whom I carry his name’ may god bless his soul’, my dear brothers and sisters for their support and encouragement, with love and respect. iv Acknowledgements I wish to express my deepest gratitude to my supervisor, Dr. Munqez J Y Shtaya, for his encouragement, and support. I would like to express my sincere gratitude to Prof. Mohammed S. Ali-Shtayeh, President of Biodiversity and Environmental Research Center (BERC) and Dr. Rana Jamous, Head of Biodiversity and Biotechnology Research Unit at BERC for their continuous support of my MSc study and research, for their patience, motivation, enthusiasm, and immense knowledge. Their guidance helped me throughout my research and writing of this thesis. I was extraordinarily fortunate in being a research assistant at BERC. I could never have embarked and started all of this without the prior working on medicinal plants related field and thus opened up unknown areas to me. This research was funded by the European Union under the ENPI CBC MED Program and is a collaborative international project ref. no. I-B/1.1/288. In conclusion, I recognize that this research would not have been possible without the assistance of BERC.
    [Show full text]
  • Türkiye'den Şifalı Otlar İle İki Zehirlenme Olgusu; Hemoroid
    AKATOS 2011;2(2):18-21 JAEMCR 2011;2(2):18-21 doi: 10.5505/jaemcr.2011.07279 Türkiye’den Şifalı Otlar İle İki Zehirlenme Olgusu; Hemoroid Ağrısını Hafifletmek İçin Datura, Afrodizyak Etki İçin Mandragora Two Herbal Poisoning Cases From Turkey; Datura For Haemorrhoidal Pain Relief, Mandragora For Aphrodisiac Effect Fikret BİlDİk, Ozan kAHvEcİ, Gülbin AyGEncEl, Ayfer kElEŞ, Ahmet DEMircAn, Gökhan AksEl, Erkan TEMİZkAn Gazi Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi, Acil Tıp Anabilim Dalı, Ankara ABsTrAcT ÖZET introduction: An altered state of mind is a common medical condition Giriş: Bilinç durumunda değişiklik acil serviste sık rastlanan bir sağlık in emergency medicine. Among causes of this situation, toxic etiology due sorunudur. Bu durumun sebepleri arasında antikolinerjik ajanlara bağlı to an anticholinergic agent is not rare. We present two patients who were olarak gelişen intoksikasyonlar nadir değildir. Burada acil servisimize brought to our emergency department because of anticholinergic syndrome. antikolinerjik sendrom nedeniyle getirilen iki hasta sunulmuştur. case report: The patients displayed agitative behaviour, confusion, Olgu sunumu: Hastalar şifalı ot tedavisi için Datura stramonium urinary retention, and dilated pupils within 4 h of ingesting of Datura (Olgu 1) ve Mandragora autumnalis (Olgu 2) tükettikten sonraki 4 saat stramonium (Case 1) and Mandragora autumnalis (Case 2) which have içerisinde ajitasyon, konfüzyon, idrar retansiyonu ve dilate pupil ile been used as herbal medicines. They were discharged with a complete acile başvurmuşlardır. Konservatif tedavi sonrası tam şifa ile taburcu recovery after receiving conservative therapy. olmuşlardır. conclusion: Emergency medicine physicians should be mindful of an- sonuç: Acil servis doktorları, hastaneye bilinç durumunda değişiklik ticholinergic syndrome due to herbal medicine when the patient with a nedeniyle başvuran hastalarda, şifalı ot tedavisine bağlı gelişebilen an- history of altered state of mind is presented to a hospital.
    [Show full text]
  • In Search of Traces of the Mandrake Myth – the Etymological, Historical, and Ethnobotanical Roots of Its Vernacular Names
    In Search of Traces of the Mandrake Myth – The Etymological, Historical, and Ethnobotanical Roots of Its Vernacular Names Amots Dafni ( [email protected] ) University of Haifa https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9841-1662 Cesar Blanché University of Barcelona: Universitat de Barcelona Salekh Aqil Khatib Institute of Evolution Theodora Petanidou University of the Aegean: Panepistemio Aigaiou Bedrettin Aytaç Ankara University: Ankara Universitesi Ettore Pacini University of Siena: Universita degli Studi di Siena Ekaterina Kohazurova University of Soa Saint Kliment Ohridski: Sojski universitet Sv Kliment Ohridski Aharon Geva-Kleinberger University of Haifa Soli Shahvar University of Haifa Zora Dajic University of Belgrade: Univerzitet u Beogradu Helmut W. Klug University of Graz: Karl-Franzens-Universitat Graz Guillermo Benítez University of Granada Faculty of Pharmacy: Universidad de Granada Facultad de Farmacia Research Article Keywords: Mandragora spp, Plant names, Etymology, Phytonymy Posted Date: June 12th, 2021 DOI: https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-576883/v1 License: This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. Read Full License Page 1/42 Abstract Background: Mandrake (Mandragora spp.) is perhaps the most famous medicinal plant in western cultures since Biblical times and throughout written history. In many cultures, mandrake is related to magic and witchcraft, which and is said to have a psychosomatic effect (especially when mandrake contains narcotic compounds) in addition to the pharmacological inuence, as occurs with other narcotic magical plants. Due to its unique properties and related myths, it is not surprising that this plant has many names in many languages. Methods: This paper presents an attempt to reconstruct the etymological, ethnobotanical, and historical and folkloristic roots of 296 vernacular names of Mandragora sp.
    [Show full text]