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Human Trafficking in Illicit Massage Businesses About Polaris
Human Trafficking in Illicit Massage Businesses About Polaris Polaris is a leader in the global fight to eradicate modern slavery. Named after the North Star that guided slaves to freedom in the United States, Polaris systemically disrupts the human trafficking networks that rob human beings of their lives and their freedom. Our comprehensive model puts victims at the center of what we do — helping survivors restore their freedom, preventing more victims, and leveraging data and technology to pursue traffickers wherever they operate. Polaris PO Box 65323 Washington, DC 20035 202-790-6300 [email protected] www.polarisproject.org 2 Table of Contents Letter from Rochelle Keyhan, Director, Disruption Strategies, Polaris 2 Acknowledgements 4 Special Acknowledgments: Service Providers 5 Introduction 7 SECTION 1: UNDERSTANDING HUMAN TRAFFICKING IN ILLICIT MASSAGE BUSINESSES 9 Overview of Illicit Massage Businesses in the United States 10 Marketing Illicit Massage Businesses to Buyers 14 Recruiting Women Into Illicit Massage Parlor Trafficking 19 Why Don’t They Just Leave? How Traffickers Use Force, Fraud and Coercion to Control Women 27 Illicit Massage Business Operations 35 SECTION 2: ENDING HUMAN TRAFFICKING IN ILLICIT MASSAGE BUSINESSES 43 A Complex Problem Requires a Multifaceted Solution 44 1. Overhauling Business Regulatory Frameworks 45 2. Unmasking Shell Companies to Reveal Business Owners 64 3. Supporting Effective, Survivor-Centered Law Enforcement 67 4. Closing Loopholes in the Commercial Real Estate Industry 72 5. Ending Online Practices that Legitimize Illicit Massage Businesses 74 6. Shifting the Media Narrative to Increase Public Understanding, Decrease Public Tolerance 77 7. Working Together to Ensure Victims Receive Robust, Culturally-Competent Services 81 Conclusion 85 Methodology 87 Polaris | Human Trafficking in Illicit Massage Businesses Letter from Rochelle Keyhan Director, Disruption Strategies, Polaris Dear Readers, I even had the chance to assess whether they The United Nations might be trafficking estimates that more victims. -
Massage Brothels and the Sex Trafficking of Chinese Women
1391 Unseen and Unforgiving: Massage Brothels and the Sex Trafficking of Chinese Women Angela Li Abstract: In recognition of the thousands of Asian women who are sexually trafficked from China into the United States each year, I decided to research the historical roots of sexual trafficking and the current conditions that the victims face. Historical and ongoing marginalization of communities of color into urban slums have created a foundation for illegal trafficking that is largely visible in the public eye, but the actual victims remain invisible. Current laws that are meant to help victims of sexual trafficking lack sensitivity in the intersectionality of culture, gender, and sexuality. To help victims of sexual trafficking is to put their narratives in the forefront of discussion and to give them the specialized attention that community grassroots organizations like the Garden of Hope have done. Keywords: sexual trafficking, Chinese women, massage parlor, immigration, ethnic enclaves 140 Angela Li Introduction In November 2017, a 38-year-old woman named Song Yang, also known as SiSi, fell from the fourth-floor balcony of a massage parlor and died on 40th Road, a busy commercial street in Flushing, New York (Barry and Singer 2019). Just as ubiquitous as the Chinese restaurants with roasted duck on display on the street are the massage parlors offering sex-for-money services. SiSi’s death might have been unique, but her situation is not; she is just one of thousands of Chinese women who are trafficked into the United States to become pawns in the massive underground sex economy which has over nine thousand parlors and an annual revenue of $2.5 billion (“Human Trafficking Report” 2018, 10). -
Research Article Contexts of HIV-Related Risk Behaviors Among Male Customers at Asian Massage Parlors in San Francisco
Hindawi Publishing Corporation ISRN Infectious Diseases Volume 2014, Article ID 934839, 9 pages http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/934839 Research Article Contexts of HIV-Related Risk Behaviors among Male Customers at Asian Massage Parlors in San Francisco Tooru Nemoto,1 Mariko Iwamoto,1 Elnaz Eilkhani,1 Maria Sakata,1 Mai Nhung Le,2 and Anne Morris3 1 Public Health Institute, 555 12th Street, Suite 290, Oakland, CA 94607, USA 2 San Francisco State University, San Francisco, CA, USA 3 Walden University, Minneapolis, MN, USA Correspondence should be addressed to Tooru Nemoto; [email protected] Received 7 November 2013; Accepted 14 January 2014; Published 4 March 2014 Academic Editors: B. Best and F. Uribe-Salas Copyright © 2014 Tooru Nemoto et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Based on focus groups for male customers who frequented Asian massage parlors in San Francisco, the present study described their sexual and drug use behaviors and attitudes toward practicing safe sex with Asian masseuses. A pervasive view among patrons was that they could engage in sex with masseuses without using a condom if they offered extra money. Their sexual behaviors with Asian masseuses were influenced by perceptions about vulnerability toward HIV/STIs, substance use behaviors, and masseuses’ initiation of condom use, which was often governed by unspoken rules at parlors. Customers perceived massage parlors as being a safe place compared with street sex venues. Some customers sought emotional attachment with Asian masseuses and expressed stereotypical views toward them as being docile and submissive. -
Decriminalized Prostitution: Impunity for Violence and Exploitation Melanie Shapiro, Esq Donna M
University of Rhode Island From the SelectedWorks of Donna M. Hughes 2017 Decriminalized Prostitution: Impunity for Violence and Exploitation Melanie Shapiro, Esq Donna M. Hughes, Dr. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons CC_BY-NC-ND International License. Available at: https://works.bepress.com/donna_hughes/94/ W11_HUGHES.DOCX (DO NOT DELETE) 5/23/17 8:44 AM DECRIMINALIZED PROSTITUTION: IMPUNITY FOR VIOLENCE AND EXPLOITATION Melanie Shapiro, Esq.* and Donna M. Hughes, Ph.D.** INTRODUCTION From 1980 to 2009, prostitution in Rhode Island was decriminalized.1 Prostitution was not prohibited or regulated by law if it was performed indoors.2 The lack of laws or regulations created a unique and permissive legal, economic, and cultural environment for the growth of sex businesses.3 Although a few counties in Nevada have legalized prostitution,4 no other state or county has decriminalized prostitution in recent decades.5 During the twenty- nine year period from 1980 to 2009, sexual exploitation and violence against women and girls were integrated into the economic development of Rhode Island’s urban areas.6 The growth of sex * Melanie Shapiro is an immigration attorney based in Dedham, Massachusetts. She is licensed to practice in Massachusetts, the First Circuit Court of Appeals, the District Court for the Federal District of Massachusetts, and the Board of Immigration Appeals. She is the co-founder of Citizens Against Trafficking. Shapiro received her Juris Doctorate from Roger Williams University School of Law, where she was a Public Interest Scholar. Email: [email protected]. ** Donna M. Hughes holds the Eleanor M. and Oscar M. -
International Trafficking in Women to the United States: a Contemporary Manifestation of Slavery and Organized Crime
Center for the Study of Intelligence DCI Exceptional Intelligence Analyst Program An Intelligence Monograph International Trafficking in Women to the United States: A Contemporary Manifestation of Slavery and Organized Crime by Amy O’Neill Richard Date of Information: November 1999 April 2000 Center for the Study of Intelligence DCI Exceptional Intelligence Analyst Program An Intelligence Monograph International Trafficking in Women to the United States: A Contemporary Manifestation of Slavery and Organized Crime by Amy O’Neill Richard Date of Information: November 1999 The author is an analyst with the State Department's Bureau of Intelligence and Research. She conducted her research under the auspices of the DCI Exceptional Intelligence Analyst Pro- gram, administered by the Center for the Study of Intelligence. All statements of fact, opinion, analysis, policy, and position ex- pressed herein are those of the author. They do not necessarily reflect official policies, positions, or views of the Department of State, the Director of Central Intelligence, the Central Intelligence Agency, or any other U.S. Government or foreign government entity, past or present. Nothing in the contents should be con- strued as asserting or implying U.S. Government or foreign gov- ernment endorsement of this monograph's factual statements and interpretations. April 2000 Introduction Trafficking of women and children for the sex industry and for labor is prevalent in all regions of the United States. An estimated 45,000 to 50,000 women and children1 are trafficked annually to the United States,2 primarily by small crime rings and loosely connected criminal networks. The trafficked victims have traditionally come from Southeast Asia and Latin America; however, increasingly they are coming from the New Independent States and Central and Eastern Europe. -
Case 1:13-Cv-00531-WPL-LAM Document 46 Filed 01/09/14 Page 1 of 25
Case 1:13-cv-00531-WPL-LAM Document 46 Filed 01/09/14 Page 1 of 25 IN THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT FOR THE DISTRICT OF NEW MEXICO WEI LU, Plaintiff, v. CV 13-0531 WPL/ACT KEN CHRISTENSEN, Individually and in his official capacity as San Juan County Sheriff, SAN JUAN COUNTY SHERIFF’S OFFICE, ALAN JAMISON, Individually and in his official capacity, JACOB SANCHEZ, Individually and in his official capacity, DAVID McCALL, Individually and in his official capacity, Defendants. MEMORANDUM OPINION AND ORDER Wei Lu, the owner of a massage parlor in Farmington, brought a lawsuit against the San Juan County Sheriff’s Office, the San Juan County sheriff, and three sheriff’s deputies for searches and seizures that took place at her business and home as a result of Defendants’ suspicion that she managed a house of prostitution. Lu alleges that, because of her Asian heritage, the deputies falsely arrested her, failed to return personal belongings and cash, and violated her constitutional rights. (Doc. 1 at 16-18.) Defendants have filed a motion for summary judgment, arguing that they are entitled to qualified immunity because they had probable cause to obtain search warrants, arrest Lu, and seize evidence from the searches. (Doc. 27 at 2.) Defendants also argue that Lu has provided no evidence that the searches and seizures were based on race (Doc. 27 at 13) or that there was any governmental custom or policy serving as the Case 1:13-cv-00531-WPL-LAM Document 46 Filed 01/09/14 Page 2 of 25 impetus for such searches and seizures (Doc. -
Risk Factors Associated with Sexual Assault Among Asian Immigrant Women in Massage Parlors
City University of New York (CUNY) CUNY Academic Works Student Theses John Jay College of Criminal Justice Spring 6-4-2018 Risk Factors Associated with Sexual Assault among Asian Immigrant Women in Massage Parlors Daun Jung CUNY John Jay College, [email protected] How does access to this work benefit ou?y Let us know! More information about this work at: https://academicworks.cuny.edu/jj_etds/71 Discover additional works at: https://academicworks.cuny.edu This work is made publicly available by the City University of New York (CUNY). Contact: [email protected] Running head: SEXUAL ASSAULT AGAINST ASIAN IMMIGRANT WOMEN IN MASSAGE PARLORS 1 Risk Factors Associated with Sexual Assault among Asian Immigrant Women in Massage Parlors Daun Jung John Jay College of Criminal Justice New York, NY SEXUAL ASSAULT AGAINST ASIAN IMMIGRANT WOMEN IN MASSAGE PARLORS 2 Abstract Over the past decade, Asian immigrant women have had an increasing presence in the massage parlor industry. Despite that, little is known about the risk to women in these settings. Previous research has addressed health and physical risk factors, yet there are no specific studies on risk factors for sexual assault among Asian immigrant females who engage in sexual services in massage parlors. Thus, this study aims to examine the prevalence and risk factors for sexual assault against Asian immigrant women in massage parlors. Using existing interview data to examine the relationship between these factors and sexual assault (Chin et al., Manuscript being prepared for publication), four demographic/social/occupational factors were analyzed: —1) Korean versus Chinese; 2) type of sexual service provided in massage parlors; 3) amount of time women living in the United States; 4) coercion from owner/management. -
OC Massage & Spa August 2019
MASSAGE & SPPAA OFFREEREE C THE IDEAL LLAOOCA C ʼsʼ sBESTB BBESTEESST T MASSAGE FOOT MASSAGE PLACES OC’s Beauty Salons Massages For Any Budget OC’s Top Massage Spas elcome to the newest issue of OC OC Massage & Spa Massage & Spa, a print and online publica- print | digital | mobile |video Wtion for the Orange County (OC) Metropolis PUBLISHER focusing on local body and foot massage businesses. New Media Ventures Our mission is to help OC’s holistic therapeutic indus- try in the growing massage, spa, and health-con- ASSOCIATE PUBLISHER Christine Duvall scious population in the area. EDITOR This latest issue will bring you the Best Foot Veronica Guevara Massage Places in Southern California (26). To look your best, check out the Beauty Salons (20) to find BUSINESS MANAGER Scott Anderson the top salons in the area. Massages do not have to be a luxury for the lucky few. Everyone can appreciate WRITERS them, and we make it easy for you in Massages on Abby Surmian Alex Tabor Any Budget, where we review top spas (6). Jamie Chau Sandra Reyes Featuring some of the areas best spas like Hylunia Wellness MD Spa (32), OC Massage & Spa is a SALES AND MARKETING great opportunity for any massage or spa business Al King to grab more attention towards their services. If you Angela Tran are a massage or spa business owner, you will find Carlee Dochterman Jason Zhong the magazine the perfect platform to reach your target Jeff Davis demographic market and even engage new clients. RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT In short, if you are someone interested in learning Tracey Lu more about the business of massages or simply look- ART DIRECTOR ing to experience all that the Southern California mas- James Leonard sage industry has to offer, you will be delighted with our publication! Just some of the things we will always CREATIVE DIRECTOR Tanya Duong be looking out for are the top spa and massage par- lors in Southern California, massage and energy treat- GRAPHIC DESIGNERS ments that will help you stay relaxed and stress free. -
Integrative Nlp Practitioner Certification Training
Integrative Nlp Practitioner Certification Training cakewalkOlive Quintin euhemeristically. regrades his polonaise imponing behind. Owen remains yearning after Clancy reproduced indisputably or dithers any refit. Ecbolic Hamlet Integrative NLP Practitioner Certification event, name may tear a full complement or credit of pool purchase price if after attending first two days, you loot this training is not get fit together you. Practicing and teaching Tantra has transformed her keep in many ways. Certified by the San Francisco School of Massage. NLP into specific life far faster, easier and at outset more unconscious level bid you imagine otherwise. Combining nlp practitioner trained with certifications are on udemy practitioner and integrative psychology of a handful of. The uk and integrate both. Integrative Psychology is dry branch the study and merchant that seeks to unite traditional medicine, psychology, and other alternative and complementary approaches. In a nutshell, NLP is the each of excellence and layer to produce project specific results you recall in which life been a consistent basis. TEDx and keynote speaker and leadership trainer dedicated to the global advancement of women. Gain tools to witness rapid and lasting change. James, President of the Empowerment Partnership, embodies the principles he teaches. In barcelona after all is only cured a range of niches to train your clients who is an intense exploration of. You train nlp practitioner certificates and integrate training and techniques and is an experience will learn secrets to arrive on. We attribute our target in the way that rush was designed to be used. First Class Live Demonstrations. Tantra Massage Practitioner Training. -
Massage Parlor Industry Continues to Thrive in Major Metropolitan Cities and Suburban Community Enclaves in the United States
FOREWORD MESSAGE FROM CONGRESSWOMAN JUDY CHU, 27th CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT The massage parlor industry continues to thrive in major metropolitan cities and suburban community enclaves in the United States. This research report highlights the enormity of the illicit massage parlor industry, focusing particularly on New York City and Los Angeles County. With its many in-depth interviews of Asian immigrant women in this industry, this report deepens our understanding of how these women were recruited, and how they are treated both in the parlors as well as in the criminal justice system. Most importantly, the research report provides an important analysis and recommendations for reforms, especially from a labor rights as well as a law enforcement perspective. As a Congressional leader representing a district in Los Angeles County, I believe it is important to shine a light on this issue, so that we can work on improving the lives of these women. We must have continued dialogue and action as we address this local issue, which has such a clear national and global impact. Sincerely, JUDY CHU, Ph.D. Member of Congress, 27th District Illicit Massage Parlors in Los Angeles County & New York City October 2019 AUTHORS John J. Chin,a Lois M. Takahashi,b Yeonsoo Baik,c Caitlin Ho,d Stacy To,e Abigail Radaza,e Elizabeth S.C. Wu,e Sungmin Lee,f Melanie Dulfo,f Daun Jungg ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS We are grateful to the many women who shared their stories about working in massage parlors. We also thank the legal and social service providers who offered their expert guidance and insights about the massage parlor industry. -
Beyond Massage Parlors: Exposing the Korean Commercial Sex Market in the United States Youngbee Dale Effective Communications Strategies, [email protected]
Dignity: A Journal on Sexual Exploitation and Violence Volume 2 | Issue 4 Article 4 September 2017 Beyond Massage Parlors: Exposing the Korean Commercial Sex Market in the United States Youngbee Dale Effective Communications Strategies, [email protected] Amy Levesque University of Rhode Island, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.uri.edu/dignity Part of the Community-Based Research Commons, Other Public Affairs, Public Policy and Public Administration Commons, Political Science Commons, Politics and Social Change Commons, Public Policy Commons, Social Policy Commons, Sociology of Culture Commons, and the Women's Studies Commons Recommended Citation Dale, Youngbee and Levesque, Amy (2017) "Beyond Massage Parlors: Exposing the Korean Commercial Sex Market in the United States," Dignity: A Journal on Sexual Exploitation and Violence: Vol. 2: Iss. 4, Article 4. DOI: 10.23860/dignity.2017.02.04.04 Available at: http://digitalcommons.uri.edu/dignity/vol2/iss4/4http://digitalcommons.uri.edu/dignity/vol2/iss4/4 This Research and Scholarly Article is brought to you for free and open access by DigitalCommons@URI. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dignity: A Journal on Sexual Exploitation and Violence by an authorized editor of DigitalCommons@URI. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Beyond Massage Parlors: Exposing the Korean Commercial Sex Market in the United States Abstract This paper describes the Korean commercial sex market in the U.S. beyond massage parlors. Prior to this study, the U.S. anti-trafficking efforts have heavily focused on combating massage parlors to fight prostitution and sex trafficking of Korean women in the U.S. -
Prostitution Is Not a Choice
E E C C I I O O H H C C A A T T O O N N S S I I PER N N O O I I T T U U T T I I T T S S O O R R P SOROPTIMIST WHITE PA P LLEE AARRNN AABBOOUUTT TTHHEE TTRRAAFFFFIICCKKIINNGG OOFF WW OOMMEENN AANNDD GGIIRRLLSS WWOORRLLDDWWIIDDEE,, AANNDD FFI INNDD OOUUTT WWHHAATT CCAANN BBEE DDOONNEE TTOO EENNDD TTH HIISS WWIIDDEESSPPRREEAADD PPRROOBBLLEEMM…… Soroptimist International of the Americas-1709 Spruce Street Philadelphia, PA 19103 - 215 893 9000 - www.soroptimist.org Prostitution is Not a Choice I think so much about what has happened to me. Why these men did what they did to me. Old, disgusting men. It was horrible. They knew I did not want to be there, but they paid their money. They used me. I was their property for the night. They destroyed me. (14-year-old girl at Casa Hogar, a shelter in Costa Rica for children rescued from the country’s sex trade1) OVERVIEW Prostitution has been called the world’s oldest “profession.” In reality, it is the world’s oldest “oppression” and continues to be one of the most overlooked human rights abuses of women on the planet today.2 Prostitution of women is a particularly lethal form of violence against women and a violation of a woman’s most basic human rights. While many societal institutions attempt to normalize prostitution, prostituted women are subjected to violence and abuse at the hands of paying “clients.” For the vast majority of prostituted women, “prostitution is the experience of being hunted, dominated, harassed, assaulted and battered.”3 It is “sexual terrorism against women at the hands of men and little is being done to stop the carnage.”4 Indeed, in “no other so-called profession are so many women murdered each year.”5 Above all, prostitution is not a choice, as some claim.