Human Trafficking in Illicit Massage Businesses About Polaris

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Human Trafficking in Illicit Massage Businesses About Polaris Human Trafficking in Illicit Massage Businesses About Polaris Polaris is a leader in the global fight to eradicate modern slavery. Named after the North Star that guided slaves to freedom in the United States, Polaris systemically disrupts the human trafficking networks that rob human beings of their lives and their freedom. Our comprehensive model puts victims at the center of what we do — helping survivors restore their freedom, preventing more victims, and leveraging data and technology to pursue traffickers wherever they operate. Polaris PO Box 65323 Washington, DC 20035 202-790-6300 [email protected] www.polarisproject.org 2 Table of Contents Letter from Rochelle Keyhan, Director, Disruption Strategies, Polaris 2 Acknowledgements 4 Special Acknowledgments: Service Providers 5 Introduction 7 SECTION 1: UNDERSTANDING HUMAN TRAFFICKING IN ILLICIT MASSAGE BUSINESSES 9 Overview of Illicit Massage Businesses in the United States 10 Marketing Illicit Massage Businesses to Buyers 14 Recruiting Women Into Illicit Massage Parlor Trafficking 19 Why Don’t They Just Leave? How Traffickers Use Force, Fraud and Coercion to Control Women 27 Illicit Massage Business Operations 35 SECTION 2: ENDING HUMAN TRAFFICKING IN ILLICIT MASSAGE BUSINESSES 43 A Complex Problem Requires a Multifaceted Solution 44 1. Overhauling Business Regulatory Frameworks 45 2. Unmasking Shell Companies to Reveal Business Owners 64 3. Supporting Effective, Survivor-Centered Law Enforcement 67 4. Closing Loopholes in the Commercial Real Estate Industry 72 5. Ending Online Practices that Legitimize Illicit Massage Businesses 74 6. Shifting the Media Narrative to Increase Public Understanding, Decrease Public Tolerance 77 7. Working Together to Ensure Victims Receive Robust, Culturally-Competent Services 81 Conclusion 85 Methodology 87 Polaris | Human Trafficking in Illicit Massage Businesses Letter from Rochelle Keyhan Director, Disruption Strategies, Polaris Dear Readers, I even had the chance to assess whether they The United Nations might be trafficking estimates that more victims. Meanwhile, the than 40 million people business owners and in the world today are operators who exploited living in some form of and abused them walked modern slavery. That free, having manipulated staggering figure makes the system to punish the one thing abundantly victim — not the trafficker. clear: We cannot end I knew this was a cycle human trafficking one that we could end. victim, one case, one Today, our team incident at a time. We approaches the work of have to scale up. ending IMB trafficking The Disruption by identifying exploiter- Strategies team at Polaris has taken on the challenge of focused, victim-centered strategies that work. We build scaling up by developing ways to make life difficult for off of the work of Polaris’ National Human Trafficking human traffickers. We are finding, testing and refining Hotline’s engagement with survivors, consulting and approaches that make it more risky and less lucrative working with survivors and direct service providers to for traffickers to do business, and bringing those assess the needs and realities articulated by victims approaches to stakeholders in cities, suburbs, and rural of human trafficking. We also meet with invested areas — anywhere we find dedicated, invested partners. local heroes around the country doing innovative, effective work to shut down trafficking in their Our work is guided by a groundbreaking 2017 communities, and we connect them to each other as Polaris report, The Typology of Modern Slavery, which well as to communities who are ready to learn from identifies 25 individual types of human trafficking in the them. Sometimes we connect agencies within a single United States today. Each type has its own business jurisdiction to help them understand how — and why — model, defying a one-size-fits-all approach to ending they can work together. We provide research and best human trafficking. If we want to disrupt trafficking, we practices to make sure that local anti-trafficking efforts have to do it one type at a time. are both informed by national trends and responsive Currently, the Polaris Disruption Strategies Team to local community needs, producing sustainable and is focusing on illicit massage businesses (IMBs), a relevant shifts in their local systems. unique form of trafficking that operates in plain sight I am proud to say that there are countless in communities across the country. Our mission is close communities that want to do this work, and do it right. to my heart. As a prosecutor for six years, I saw many There are also, of course, significant barriers, including potential trafficking victims arrested for prostitution lack of knowledge, resources, and support to serve in IMBs. In some cases, they were deported before survivors and keep them safe. 2 In the past two years, we have assisted with the passage of dozens of local laws, as well as three statewide laws that increase protections for survivors and accountability for traffickers in 709 U.S. cities. We have engaged more than 100 law enforcement jurisdictions across 31 states, helping them understand the difference between human trafficking and prostitution and both how and why to adopt an exploiter-focused, victim-centered approach to human trafficking in IMBs. This approach ensures that every future operation represents another step away from repetitious low-level arrests that typically only penalize potential victims, towards a future where traffickers are held accountable and our communities become inhospitable to them. As a result of consulting directly with survivors themselves, we have also empowered and connected more than two dozen service providers to improve the cultural humility and diversity of their services for IMB survivors, and to form a national safety net for survivors. I am incredibly proud of the work we do, and of the people who have collaborated with us, opened their hearts and eyes to new ways of doing things, and asked for and offered invaluable help. We are constantly learning, together. With this report, we invite you to join us. Rochelle Keyhan Director, Disruption Strategies, Polaris 3 Polaris | Human Trafficking in Illicit Massage Businesses Acknowledgements This report was a collaborative effort, spearheaded Thank you to Attorney General Bob Ferguson by Rochelle Keyhan, Director of Disruption Strategies, (WA), Attorney General Sean Reyes (UT), and and the Disruption Strategies team including Meghan the National Association of Attorneys General Carton, Anna Kegler, Veronica Buckley, Sydney Boone, (NAAG) for their early support, including leading Francheska Loza and Alexa Schaeffer who together the recruitment of their colleagues to partner with produced the original research and analysis, and were Polaris to disrupt trafficking in IMBs on a national scale. instrumental to the creation of this report. Bradley Thanks to their efforts, partnership among Attorney Myles, Nancy McGuire Choi, Caren Benjamin, and General Offices has ranged from making efforts to Sara Crowe generously provided input and edits understand the footprint of IMBs in a given state, to throughout, and we are also grateful to the many others joining a dialogue with other communities who are across Polaris who helped make this report a success. also undertaking this work, to deploying different We would like to thank the National Human Trafficking investigative strategies and prosecutorial tools to Hotline team for its dedication in serving survivors, with increase risk and decrease the profits for traffickers. a special thanks to Samantha Gillis for working to ensure We would like to thank all of the dedicated contract calls related to potential IMB trafficking are consistently researchers and volunteers who helped us map IMBs handled in a way that is culturally-competent and across the country, investigate recruitment patterns, sensitive to the particular needs of IMB survivors. and research laws and other aspects of IMB trafficking. We are grateful to the NoVo Foundation, whose Thank you to Eliza Carmen, Cristina Kinsella, Raydia generous financial support made this report possible. Martin, Andreia Martino, Leigh Creighton Bond, We would never have been able to complete this Stephanie Bagnell, Erica Avery, Annie Khan, Alison report without help from many passionate, dedicated Aminzadeh, and Victoria Ruby for researching laws individuals and partnerships. We would like to thank our and ordinances across the country. Thank you to Klara law enforcement partners for sharing their knowledge Wisniewska, Sarah Zalonis, Alisha Malkani, and Lori and experience investigating and prosecuting IMB Sturdivant for helping us map IMBs nationally, and trafficking cases. Thank you specifically to theLos Bailey Powe for analyzing recruitment data, and to Angeles Sheriff’s Department, Seattle Police Megan Rigabar for researching how Yelp and Groupon Department, King County Prosecutor’s Office, and allow IMBs to create a veneer of legitimacy. the San Francisco Department of Public Health for Most importantly, we would like to extend our their contributions. Thank you to Demand Abolition gratitude to the survivors of trafficking who have for sharing buyer data and insights in advance of its found the courage to share their experiences with upcoming report. We would also like to thank our our hotline advocates and service provider partners partners in business and finance for sharing their around the country. Without their testimony, this invaluable expertise
Recommended publications
  • Agroforestry: Enhancing Resiliency in U.S
    Southeast and Caribbean Sarah Workman, Becky Barlow, and John Fike Sarah Workman is the associate director of the Highlands Biological Station, University of North Carolina; Becky Barlow is an associate professor, School of Forestry and Wildlife Sciences, Auburn University; John Fike is an associate professor, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Virginia Tech. Description of the Region (fig. A.15). All of these land uses provide significant produc- tivity and income. The Southeast encompasses physiographic Cropland and pastureland occupy significant portions of land provinces, or ecoregions (Wear and Greis 2012), that have area in the Southeastern United States. Forests occupy from 50 unique climate, fire history, and composition of vegetation. to 69 percent of the land within each State in the region From the physiographic province of the Appalachian Mountains Figure A.15. Acres of land­use categories of the 11 Southeastern States. (Map and table prepared by William M. Christie, Eastern Forest Environmental Threat Assessment Center, USDA Forest Service, Southern Research Station, Asheville, NC). Agroforestry: Enhancing Resiliency in U.S. Agricultural Landscapes Under Changing Conditions 189 to the alluvial plains of the Mis sissippi River Basin, within land use outside developed zones is perhaps best viewed in deciduous forests of Kentucky and Tennessee and the Interior terms of the nature of woody plant cover and whether animals Highlands of the Ozarks, to the Piedmont, Flatwoods, and are excluded or allowed access. Both Puerto Rico and the U.S. Coastal Plains, a large portion of the land area is appropriate Virgin Islands are experiencing a trend toward an increase in for implementing several types of agroforestry, integrating woody cover with the loss of agricultural land and pastureland either crops or livestock, or both, with trees and woody (Brandeis and Turner 2013a, 2013b; Brandeis et al.
    [Show full text]
  • Uncorrected Non Corrigé
    Uncorrected Non corrigé CR 2012/9 International Court Cour internationale of Justice de Justice THE HAGUE LA HAYE YEAR 2012 Public sitting held on Tuesday 24 April 2012, at 10 a.m., at the Peace Palace, President Tomka presiding, in the case concerning the Territorial and Maritime Dispute (Nicaragua v. Colombia) ____________________ VERBATIM RECORD ____________________ ANNÉE 2012 Audience publique tenue le mardi 24 avril 2012, à 10 heures, au Palais de la Paix, sous la présidence de M. Tomka, président, en l’affaire du Différend territorial et maritime (Nicaragua c. Colombie) ________________ COMPTE RENDU ________________ - 2 - Present: President Tomka Vice-President Sepúlveda-Amor Judges Owada Abraham Keith Bennouna Skotnikov Cançado Trindade Yusuf Greenwood Xue Donoghue Sebutinde Judges ad hoc Mensah Cot Registrar Couvreur ⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯ - 3 - Présents : M. Tomka, président M. Sepúlveda-Amor, vice-président MM. Owada Abraham Keith Bennouna Skotnikov Cançado Trindade Yusuf Greenwood Mmes Xue Donoghue Sebutinde, juges MM. Mensah Cot, juges ad hoc M. Couvreur, greffier ⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯ - 4 - The Government of Nicaragua is represented by: H.E. Mr. Carlos José Argüello Gómez, Ambassador of the Republic of Nicaragua to the Kingdom of the Netherlands, as Agent and Counsel; Mr. Vaughan Lowe, Q.C., Chichele Professor of International Law, University of Oxford, Counsel and Advocate, Mr. Alex Oude Elferink, Deputy-Director, Netherlands Institute for the Law of the Sea, Utrecht University, Mr. Alain Pellet, Professor at the University Paris Ouest, Nanterre-La Défense, former Member and former Chairman of the International Law Commission, associate member of the Institut de droit international, Mr. Paul Reichler, Attorney-at-Law, Foley Hoag LLP, Washington D.C., Member of the Bars of the United States Supreme Court and the District of Columbia, Mr.
    [Show full text]
  • 130789 Committee Item No
    File No. --------130789 Committee Item No. 2 Board Item No. ------61.o COMMITTEE/BOARD OF SUPERVISORS AGENDA PACKET CONTENTS LIST Committee: Government Audit and Oversight Date October 24, 2013 Board of Supervisors Meeting Date NoYem\,er 5, !Z01S Cmte.Board D D Motion D Resolution Ordinance i I Legislative Digest D D Budget and Legislative Analyst Report D Youth Commission Report jg] Introduction Form i ~ Department/Agency Cover Letter and/or Report D D MOU D D Grant Information Form D D Grant Budget D D Subcontract Budget D D Contract/Agreement D D Form 126 - Ethics Commission D D Award Letter D Application ~ ~ Public Correspondence OTHER · (Use back side if additional space is needed) Categorical Exemption Stamp, dtd 9/11/13 i ~ Small Business Commission Recommendation, dtd 9/9/13 D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D Completed by:~E"'"""ri-'ca~D~a_.y~ri'"""""t ______Date October 17, 2013 Completed by: Ali~ Miller Date Oo.tober ~1, 201?;> 6235 AMENDED IN COMMITIEE FILE NO. 130789 10/3/2013 ORulNANCE NO. 1 [Health Code - Licensing and Regulation of Massage i=stablishments and Practitioners] 2 3 Ordinance af'!lending the Health Code to require massage practitioners licensed by San 4 Francisco to wear photo identification cards when working; deny Massage 5 Establishment permits to applicants convicted of specified crimes; to provide an 6 appeal process for persons denied a Massage Establishment permit; to establish 7 health and safety requirements for all Massage Establishments; to establish penalties 8 for violations of Article 29 governing Massage Practitioners and Massage 9 Establishments; to require notice of violations be sent to the owner(s) of property 10 where Massage Establishments are located; and making environmental findings.
    [Show full text]
  • Geographic Names
    GEOGRAPHIC NAMES CORRECT ORTHOGRAPHY OF GEOGRAPHIC NAMES ? REVISED TO JANUARY, 1911 WASHINGTON GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 1911 PREPARED FOR USE IN THE GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE BY THE UNITED STATES GEOGRAPHIC BOARD WASHINGTON, D. C, JANUARY, 1911 ) CORRECT ORTHOGRAPHY OF GEOGRAPHIC NAMES. The following list of geographic names includes all decisions on spelling rendered by the United States Geographic Board to and including December 7, 1910. Adopted forms are shown by bold-face type, rejected forms by italic, and revisions of previous decisions by an asterisk (*). Aalplaus ; see Alplaus. Acoma; township, McLeod County, Minn. Abagadasset; point, Kennebec River, Saga- (Not Aconia.) dahoc County, Me. (Not Abagadusset. AQores ; see Azores. Abatan; river, southwest part of Bohol, Acquasco; see Aquaseo. discharging into Maribojoc Bay. (Not Acquia; see Aquia. Abalan nor Abalon.) Acworth; railroad station and town, Cobb Aberjona; river, IVIiddlesex County, Mass. County, Ga. (Not Ackworth.) (Not Abbajona.) Adam; island, Chesapeake Bay, Dorchester Abino; point, in Canada, near east end of County, Md. (Not Adam's nor Adams.) Lake Erie. (Not Abineau nor Albino.) Adams; creek, Chatham County, Ga. (Not Aboite; railroad station, Allen County, Adams's.) Ind. (Not Aboit.) Adams; township. Warren County, Ind. AJjoo-shehr ; see Bushire. (Not J. Q. Adams.) Abookeer; AhouJcir; see Abukir. Adam's Creek; see Cunningham. Ahou Hamad; see Abu Hamed. Adams Fall; ledge in New Haven Harbor, Fall.) Abram ; creek in Grant and Mineral Coun- Conn. (Not Adam's ties, W. Va. (Not Abraham.) Adel; see Somali. Abram; see Shimmo. Adelina; town, Calvert County, Md. (Not Abruad ; see Riad. Adalina.) Absaroka; range of mountains in and near Aderhold; ferry over Chattahoochee River, Yellowstone National Park.
    [Show full text]
  • Massage Brothels and the Sex Trafficking of Chinese Women
    1391 Unseen and Unforgiving: Massage Brothels and the Sex Trafficking of Chinese Women Angela Li Abstract: In recognition of the thousands of Asian women who are sexually trafficked from China into the United States each year, I decided to research the historical roots of sexual trafficking and the current conditions that the victims face. Historical and ongoing marginalization of communities of color into urban slums have created a foundation for illegal trafficking that is largely visible in the public eye, but the actual victims remain invisible. Current laws that are meant to help victims of sexual trafficking lack sensitivity in the intersectionality of culture, gender, and sexuality. To help victims of sexual trafficking is to put their narratives in the forefront of discussion and to give them the specialized attention that community grassroots organizations like the Garden of Hope have done. Keywords: sexual trafficking, Chinese women, massage parlor, immigration, ethnic enclaves 140 Angela Li Introduction In November 2017, a 38-year-old woman named Song Yang, also known as SiSi, fell from the fourth-floor balcony of a massage parlor and died on 40th Road, a busy commercial street in Flushing, New York (Barry and Singer 2019). Just as ubiquitous as the Chinese restaurants with roasted duck on display on the street are the massage parlors offering sex-for-money services. SiSi’s death might have been unique, but her situation is not; she is just one of thousands of Chinese women who are trafficked into the United States to become pawns in the massive underground sex economy which has over nine thousand parlors and an annual revenue of $2.5 billion (“Human Trafficking Report” 2018, 10).
    [Show full text]
  • Genetic Analysis of Queen Conch Strombus Gigas from the Southwest Caribbean
    Genetic Analysis of Queen Conch Strombus gigas from the Southwest Caribbean Análisis Genético de Caracol Pala Strombus gigas del Caribe Suroccidental Analyse Genetique du Lambi Strombus gigas dans Sud-Ouest de Caraibe EDNA MÁRQUEZ1*, RICARDO M. LANDÍNEZ-GARCÍA1 , SANDRA P. OSPINA-GUERRERO1, JUAN AICARDO SEGURA1, MARTHA PRADA2, ERICK CASTRO3, JOSÉ LUIS CORREA4, and CARLOS BORDA4 1Universidad Nacional de Colombia – sedee Medellín, Calle 59A No 63 – 20 Bloque 19A, Laboratorio 310, Medellín, Antioquia 4 Colombia. *[email protected]. 2Coralina, Vía San Luis, Bight, Km 26 Archipiélago de San andrés, Providencia y Santa Catalina, Colombia. 3Secretaría de Agricultura y Pesca, Archipiélago de San andrés, Providencia y Santa Catalina, Colombia. [email protected]. 4INCODER, San andrés Isla, Colombia. ABSTRACT Genetic connectivity among populations is of crucial importance in conservation and management of commercial threatened species. Here, we explored genetic connectivity and diversity from 490 queen conch Strombus gigas from nine oceanic atolls within the San Andres archipelago and three coastal islands closer to the colombian continental shelf (separated by more than 600 kilometers from the Archipelago), in the Southwestern Caribbean. Genetic differentiation was analyzed using the statistic ΦST provided by an analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) and by a spatial analysis of molecular variance (SAMOVA). Correlation between genetic and geographic distance was explored by using Mantel test. All loci were polymorphic with high number of alleles per locus and showed deficit of heterozygosity departing from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. We found evidence for up to four different genetic stocks without indication of isolation by distance. Based on these results, the recovery of S.
    [Show full text]
  • Research Article Contexts of HIV-Related Risk Behaviors Among Male Customers at Asian Massage Parlors in San Francisco
    Hindawi Publishing Corporation ISRN Infectious Diseases Volume 2014, Article ID 934839, 9 pages http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/934839 Research Article Contexts of HIV-Related Risk Behaviors among Male Customers at Asian Massage Parlors in San Francisco Tooru Nemoto,1 Mariko Iwamoto,1 Elnaz Eilkhani,1 Maria Sakata,1 Mai Nhung Le,2 and Anne Morris3 1 Public Health Institute, 555 12th Street, Suite 290, Oakland, CA 94607, USA 2 San Francisco State University, San Francisco, CA, USA 3 Walden University, Minneapolis, MN, USA Correspondence should be addressed to Tooru Nemoto; [email protected] Received 7 November 2013; Accepted 14 January 2014; Published 4 March 2014 Academic Editors: B. Best and F. Uribe-Salas Copyright © 2014 Tooru Nemoto et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Based on focus groups for male customers who frequented Asian massage parlors in San Francisco, the present study described their sexual and drug use behaviors and attitudes toward practicing safe sex with Asian masseuses. A pervasive view among patrons was that they could engage in sex with masseuses without using a condom if they offered extra money. Their sexual behaviors with Asian masseuses were influenced by perceptions about vulnerability toward HIV/STIs, substance use behaviors, and masseuses’ initiation of condom use, which was often governed by unspoken rules at parlors. Customers perceived massage parlors as being a safe place compared with street sex venues. Some customers sought emotional attachment with Asian masseuses and expressed stereotypical views toward them as being docile and submissive.
    [Show full text]
  • Decriminalized Prostitution: Impunity for Violence and Exploitation Melanie Shapiro, Esq Donna M
    University of Rhode Island From the SelectedWorks of Donna M. Hughes 2017 Decriminalized Prostitution: Impunity for Violence and Exploitation Melanie Shapiro, Esq Donna M. Hughes, Dr. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons CC_BY-NC-ND International License. Available at: https://works.bepress.com/donna_hughes/94/ W11_HUGHES.DOCX (DO NOT DELETE) 5/23/17 8:44 AM DECRIMINALIZED PROSTITUTION: IMPUNITY FOR VIOLENCE AND EXPLOITATION Melanie Shapiro, Esq.* and Donna M. Hughes, Ph.D.** INTRODUCTION From 1980 to 2009, prostitution in Rhode Island was decriminalized.1 Prostitution was not prohibited or regulated by law if it was performed indoors.2 The lack of laws or regulations created a unique and permissive legal, economic, and cultural environment for the growth of sex businesses.3 Although a few counties in Nevada have legalized prostitution,4 no other state or county has decriminalized prostitution in recent decades.5 During the twenty- nine year period from 1980 to 2009, sexual exploitation and violence against women and girls were integrated into the economic development of Rhode Island’s urban areas.6 The growth of sex * Melanie Shapiro is an immigration attorney based in Dedham, Massachusetts. She is licensed to practice in Massachusetts, the First Circuit Court of Appeals, the District Court for the Federal District of Massachusetts, and the Board of Immigration Appeals. She is the co-founder of Citizens Against Trafficking. Shapiro received her Juris Doctorate from Roger Williams University School of Law, where she was a Public Interest Scholar. Email: [email protected]. ** Donna M. Hughes holds the Eleanor M. and Oscar M.
    [Show full text]
  • International Trafficking in Women to the United States: a Contemporary Manifestation of Slavery and Organized Crime
    Center for the Study of Intelligence DCI Exceptional Intelligence Analyst Program An Intelligence Monograph International Trafficking in Women to the United States: A Contemporary Manifestation of Slavery and Organized Crime by Amy O’Neill Richard Date of Information: November 1999 April 2000 Center for the Study of Intelligence DCI Exceptional Intelligence Analyst Program An Intelligence Monograph International Trafficking in Women to the United States: A Contemporary Manifestation of Slavery and Organized Crime by Amy O’Neill Richard Date of Information: November 1999 The author is an analyst with the State Department's Bureau of Intelligence and Research. She conducted her research under the auspices of the DCI Exceptional Intelligence Analyst Pro- gram, administered by the Center for the Study of Intelligence. All statements of fact, opinion, analysis, policy, and position ex- pressed herein are those of the author. They do not necessarily reflect official policies, positions, or views of the Department of State, the Director of Central Intelligence, the Central Intelligence Agency, or any other U.S. Government or foreign government entity, past or present. Nothing in the contents should be con- strued as asserting or implying U.S. Government or foreign gov- ernment endorsement of this monograph's factual statements and interpretations. April 2000 Introduction Trafficking of women and children for the sex industry and for labor is prevalent in all regions of the United States. An estimated 45,000 to 50,000 women and children1 are trafficked annually to the United States,2 primarily by small crime rings and loosely connected criminal networks. The trafficked victims have traditionally come from Southeast Asia and Latin America; however, increasingly they are coming from the New Independent States and Central and Eastern Europe.
    [Show full text]
  • 7/8/2020 8/21/2020 [email protected]
    Notice of Intent to Adopt Rules A copy of the proposed rules may be obtained at http://rules.wyo.gov Revised July 2019 1. General Information a. Agency/Board Name* b. Agency/Board Address c. City d. Zip Code e. Name of Agency Liaison f. Agency Liaison Telephone Number g. Agency Liaison Email Address h. Date of Public Notice i. Comment Period End Date j. Public Comment URL or Email Address: k. Program * By checking this box, the agency is indicating it is exempt from certain sections of the Administrative Procedure Act including public comment period requirements. Please contact the agency for details regarding these rules. 2. Legislative Enactment For purposes of this Section 2, “new” only applies to regular non-emergency rules promulgated in response to a Wyoming legislative enactment not previously addressed in whole or in part by prior rulemaking and does not include rules adopted in response to a federal mandate. a. Are these non-emergency regular rules new as per the above description and the definition of “new” in Chapter 1 of the Rules on Rules? No. Yes. If the rules are new, please provide the Chapter Numbers and Years Enacted (e.g. 2015 Session Laws Chapter 154): 3. Rule Type and Information For purposes of this Section 3, “New” means an emergency or regular rule that has never been previously created. a. Provide the Chapter Number, Title* and Proposed Action for Each Chapter. Please use the “Additional Rule Information” form to identify additional rule chapters. Chapter Number: Chapter Name: New Amended Repealed Chapter Number: Chapter Name: New Amended Repealed Chapter Number: Chapter Name: New Amended Repealed Chapter Number: Chapter Name: New Amended Repealed Chapter Number: Chapter Name: New Amended Repealed Chapter Number: Chapter Name: New Amended Repealed Chapter Number: Chapter Name: New Amended Repealed Chapter Number: Chapter Name: New Amended Repealed * If the name of a chapter of rules is changing, please provide the NEW chapter name in parenthesis following the OLD chapter name.
    [Show full text]
  • Case 1:13-Cv-00531-WPL-LAM Document 46 Filed 01/09/14 Page 1 of 25
    Case 1:13-cv-00531-WPL-LAM Document 46 Filed 01/09/14 Page 1 of 25 IN THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT FOR THE DISTRICT OF NEW MEXICO WEI LU, Plaintiff, v. CV 13-0531 WPL/ACT KEN CHRISTENSEN, Individually and in his official capacity as San Juan County Sheriff, SAN JUAN COUNTY SHERIFF’S OFFICE, ALAN JAMISON, Individually and in his official capacity, JACOB SANCHEZ, Individually and in his official capacity, DAVID McCALL, Individually and in his official capacity, Defendants. MEMORANDUM OPINION AND ORDER Wei Lu, the owner of a massage parlor in Farmington, brought a lawsuit against the San Juan County Sheriff’s Office, the San Juan County sheriff, and three sheriff’s deputies for searches and seizures that took place at her business and home as a result of Defendants’ suspicion that she managed a house of prostitution. Lu alleges that, because of her Asian heritage, the deputies falsely arrested her, failed to return personal belongings and cash, and violated her constitutional rights. (Doc. 1 at 16-18.) Defendants have filed a motion for summary judgment, arguing that they are entitled to qualified immunity because they had probable cause to obtain search warrants, arrest Lu, and seize evidence from the searches. (Doc. 27 at 2.) Defendants also argue that Lu has provided no evidence that the searches and seizures were based on race (Doc. 27 at 13) or that there was any governmental custom or policy serving as the Case 1:13-cv-00531-WPL-LAM Document 46 Filed 01/09/14 Page 2 of 25 impetus for such searches and seizures (Doc.
    [Show full text]
  • San Andres Y Providencia
    San Andres y Providencia Overview: San Andres and Providencia is an archipelago in the Caribbean, and one of ColombiaÂ’s 32 Departments. Territory: The Department is composed of the three main islands of San Andres, Providencia, and Santa Catalina, and eight atolls (Alicia Bank, Serranilla Bank, Bajo Nuevo Bank, Quita Sueno Bank, Serrana Bank, Roncador Bank, Cayos del Este Sudeste, and Cayos de Albuquerque). San Andres and Providencia are both a long chain of hills skirted by coastal plains. Originally the islands were covered by lowland tropical rainforest, but this has been mostly destroyed. Location: 710 km (440 miles) northwest of Cartagena, Colombia; 180 km (110 miles) off eastern coast of Nicaragua in the Caribbean Sea. Latitude and Longitude: 12 58 N, 81 68 W Time Zone: GMT -5 Total Land Area: 44 EEZ: 350000 Climate: The archipelago has a humid, tropical lowland climate with average year-round temperatures of 27 degrees celsius. The islands are humid for six months of the year and hot and dry for the remaining six months. Average annual rainfall is 2,000 mm (1,900 mm in San Andres, and 1,532 mm in Providencia). Natural Resources: Fertile soil, marine resources. ECONOMY: Total GDP: 2002 229,600,000.00 USD 2001 220,800,000.00 USD 2000 269,570,000.00 USD Per Capita GDP: 2002 2,964.64 USD 2001 2,926.68 USD 2000 3,669.43 USD % of GDP per Sector: Primary Secondary Tertiary 2002 3.48% 0.76% 95.76% 2000 2.6% 0.5% 96.9% % of Population Employed by Sector Primary Secondary Tertiary External Aid/Remittances: Any aid that comes to the islands is coming from a national level.
    [Show full text]