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Taiwan Trials on Autonomous Bus ITS Workshop Share our Experience in Asia Pacific Autonomous Bus Development in Taiwan S.K. Jason Chang, Ph.D. Professor, National Taiwan University Vice President, ITS Taiwan Board Member, ITS World Congress [email protected] Oct 29, 2020 Agenda • New National Plan on ITS • International Autonomous Bus • Taiwan Autonomous Bus Trials • Concluding Remarks Credit: ITS-Singapore, 2019; ITS America, 2018 Impacts of COVID-19 1. Freeway (2020) Compared to 2019.01~06 +0.69% Compared to 2019.07~09 +4.24% 2. Taipei Metro Compared to 2019.01~06 -36.4% Compared to 2019.07~09 -14.2% 3. High Speed Rail Compared to 2019.01~06 -25.2% Compared to 2019.07~09 -7.1% 4. Aviation Int’l Domestic Compared to 2019.01~06 -69.3% -43.7% Compared to 2019.07~09 -98.2% +20.3% Source: National Freeway Bureau, Taipei City Big Data, Taiwan High Speed Rail Corp., Civil Aviation Administration MOTC National ITS Plan National ITS Plan 2017~2020 2021~2024 Goal: Safe, Smooth, Goal: Safe, Efficient and Seamless, Shared, and People Centered ITS Sustainable 1. Big Data for Innovative 1. Smart Safety Services 2. ITS for Rural Areas 2. ITS for Sustainable 3. Connected and Automated Mobility and Inclusive Vehicles Mobility 4. MaaS and On-Demand 3. Digital Infrastructure and Services Smart Road Network 5. Smart Integrated Corridor 4. MaaS and On-Demand Services 6. R & D 5. Autonomous Mobility and 5G Applications Board of Transportation Science & Technology Industry, MOTC 1. Intelligent Electric Motorcycle 2. Railways Industry 3. Big Transportation Data The first Annual Meeting on BoTSTI 4. Intelligent Electric Bus and White Paper Proposed, Dec 3, 2019 5. Intelligent Services of Harbor and Airport 6. Drone Technology 7. Smart Freight and Logistics 8. Intelligent Public Transportation Services 9. Test Fields for 5G and Intelligent Transportation 10. Bicycle and Tourism Autonomous Vehicles and Shared Avs • Benefits: – Safety – Energy Saving – Emission Reduction – Less Environmental Impacts – Less Road-related Infrastructures This will only happen if AVs are introduced in fleets of driverless shared autonomous vehicles of different sizes reinforcing an efficient high capacity public transport network supporting walking and cycling. Source: UITP SPACE Project, 2018; Chang, 2018 Shared Fleets integrated with PT Source: UITP (2018) Applications of AVs as part of Diversified Public Transport Systems • Autonomous BRT in Main Corridor • Feeders to Public Transport Stations • Area-based On-Demand Autonomous Mini-Bus • Robo-Taxi and On- Demand Shuttles • Autonomous Car- Sharing Vehicles Source: Modified from UITP (2018), Chang (2019), Future World (2019) and Turing (2020) World Autonomous Bus Development Source: Based on Iclodean, Cordos and Varga (2020); Chang (2020) World Autonomous Bus Development Accumulated Length of Trials (km) Trials of Length Accumulated 120 110 100 Sept 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 46 48 50 52 54 56 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 Credit: LTA, Singapore (2020); AV Int’l (2020); VW (2019); Moon (2020) World Autonomous Bus Development Research Others PT Operator ITS Corp Institute/Govt (e.g., Baidu) Line 26 23 8 14 71 Track Length 33.0 57.4 9.3 21.9 121.6 (km) Fleet Size 42 42 11 49 144 Closed Field, Pedestrian Area, Public Road Source: Iclodean, Cordos and Varga (2020); Chang (2020) Detroit- Ann Arbor Autonomous Mobility Corridor Cavnue will lead the project but also draw on insight from other autonomous mobility companies, incl. Ford, GM, Argo AI, Arrival, BMW, Honda, Toyota, TuSimple and Waymo. Source: Michigan DOT, 2020; AV Int’l, 2020 Yes, in the Learning Process…. Souce: BBC News (2020); Chang (2020) Taiwan: Policy and Legal Framework Act of Autonomous Vehicle Trials and Deployments • Law has been approved on Nov 2018: Regulatory Sandbox for Trials of Autonomous Vehicles • WinBus: The first trial in open streets collaborated by ARTC, Kingsway with Chang-Hua County signing a MOU on Sept 2019 among the public and the private sectors and Technological group. • Autonomous Bus in Exclusive Bus Lane: The 2nd trial on Bus Exclusive Lanes. Signed by Taipei City Government and Turing Drive Corp on Nov. 2019. • Other Cities: New Taipei City, Tai-Chung, Taoyuang, Tainan, + Nanliao Seafood Market. Taiwan Trials on Autonomous Bus Taipei ► 桃園青埔高鐵站接駁服務 2020.05.22 Taoyuan ► 信義路公車專用道 2020.02.18 ► 臺中水湳智慧城 New Taipei City 2020.10.05 Taichung ► 淡水輕軌坎頂站往返淡水 美麗新廣場接駁 ► 彰濱工業區4個觀光工廠之接駁 ChangHua 2020.05.18 2020.01.31 ► 臺南科學園區/沙崙區域接駁服務 Tainan 2020.03.31 ► 高雄愛河自駕船觀光接駁 2020.02.03 Tainan Kaohsiung ► 成功大學自駕車輛試驗計畫 2020.08.27 Source: BOST, 2020 + Hsin-Ju + Li-Bao Recreation Park + Rural Area…… 15 Autonomous Vehicle Development in Taiwan Taoyuan City: 40 Day Operation of 660 round trips providing services for about 4,000 passengers Autonomous Vehicle Development in Taiwan Driverless Bus Trials in Taoyuan Metro Headquarter 2019/9 –2020/6 - One Mini Bus - Feeder Services - Simulated Community Services 19 8 Months 5,169 passengers 10,000+ KM Longest One in TWN 98% Reliability Driverless Bus Trial in Tainan On Trials Exclusive Bus Lane in Taipei City Center May 2020 – February 2021 - 00:30-02:30 Passengers by reservation - Round Trip 12.3km - Traffic Control with V2X Experiments 22 Driverless Bus Trials in Recreation Park: Li-Bao Park 2018/7 – 2020/6 - Mini-Bus + Medium Size Bus - Shuttle for Shopping Mall, Hotel, Recreation Zone + … - Discussing on Commercial Operation 23 Survey on Passengers and Willingness to Pay Analysis • Li-Bao Recreation Park • Survey Conducted: 2020.01.18~04.07 • Survey Method: Passengers taking AV were randomly sampling and interviewed • Sample Collected: Pre-survey 30; Official surveys 605 and 578 are included in analysis (95.53%) with sampling error < 2.66% (95% confidence interval). 24 Passengers’ Satisfaction and Willingness to Pay Analysis • Performance: 35,000 Round Bus Trips, 126,000 Passenger Trips and total 35,200 km • Satisfaction: more than 70% • Willingness to pay: Same as regular bus service in all 6 1月-3月 4月-6月 90.0% 80.1% operation scenarios75.3% 76.6% 79.0% 78.7% 80.0% 73.4% 70.0% 74.4% 74.4% 76.4% 70.2% 71.6% 60.0% 66.0% 50.0% 40.0% 30.0% 20.0% 10.0% 0.0% 無急加減速 速度 行進中 不發出 車內提供 Willing是否願意 to Comfort Steady Stable Quite Space 造成大晃動 保持穩定 保持平穩 行駛噪音 舒適涼爽空調 繼續搭乘Re-ride International Readiness on AV Taiwan 13th in 2020 Based on Policy and Legislation, Technology & Innovation, Infrastructure, and Consumer Acceptance (KPMG , 2018, 2019, 2020) Top Countries (2018) The Netherlands, Singapore, USA, Sweden, UK, Germany, Canada, UAE Top Countries (2019) The Netherlands, Singapore, Norway, USA, Sweden, Finland, UK, Germany, UAE Top Countries (2020) Singapore, The Netherlands, Norway, USA, Finland, Sweden, S. Korea, UAE, UK, Demark, Japan, Canada, Taiwan Source: Jason Chang (2019) and KPMG Autonomous Vehicles Readiness Index (2018~2020) Taiwan: 10~12 (Chang, 2019) Disengagement Number Miles per s Manufacturer of Disengagemen per 1000 Vehicles t Disengagement Analysis Kilometers Baidu 4 18050.0 0.06 Waymo 148 13219.4 0.08 CRUISE 228 12221.2 0.08 Based on Caltran MVA (2019) AutoX 8 10684.7 0.09 Pony.ai 22 6475.8 0.15 35 AV Groups’ Disengagements Nuro 33 2022.4 0.49 Zoox 32 1595.6 0.63 DiDi 12 1534.9 0.65 PlusAI 2 940.0 1.06 Aimotive 3 232.9 4.29 ThorDrive 2 188.5 5.31 WeRide 8 151.7 6.59 Apple 70 117.9 8.48 Gatik AI 2 106.4 9.40 Aurora 6 95.2 10.50 Ambarella 1 60.8 16.45 Qualcomm 3 58.5 17.09 SAIC 4 55.7 17.95 Drive.ai 8 53.0 18.87 Nissan 4 48.5 20.62 Nullmax 1 34.7 28.82 Phantom AI 1 26.2 38.17 Lyft 19 25.8 38.76 SF Motors / 2 24.9 40.16 Seres NVIDIA 10 11.0 90.91 Intel 3 7.8 128.21 Telenav 1 7.3 136.99 Taiwan Team (2020) = 263 /1,000 km Apex.Ai 1 7.1 140.85 (30th compared with other system) Mercedes Benz 18 6.9 144.93 BMW 5 2.7 370.37 Udelv 4 1.6 625.00 27• Source: https://thelastdriverlicenseholder.com/2020/02/26/disengagement-report-2019/ RIDECELL 1 1.4 714.29 Valeo 1 1.1 909.09 Autonomous Bus as a Service: Challenges and Strategies • ABaaS Ecosystem: Autonomous Rapid Transit + Shuttle + On-Demand Autonomous Mini-Bus + Sci. Parks + Recreation Areas (incl. Golf Course) + Airport & Seaport Terminals for Smart Nation • ABasS for Ageing Society & Long-Term Care Mobility with TOD Policy and for Rural Areas • Digital Infrastructures: HD Map, Intelligent-Road, Smart Stations + Design Guidelines and Legal Barriers (Mixed Passenger + Freight Transport) • Mixed Traffic Flow Analysis & Simulation • ACE_S Research Center: R&D&P for Automated, Connected, Electric Vehicles + Shared Mobility • Human Factors and Public Acceptance • AI, 5G, IoT, Sensor Fusion, ADAS and Control Technologies for Safer Vehicles and Streets, Service Quality, Operation Efficiency + Decision Making Quality NOW!! Source: Reuters in Tochig, 2019; MLIT, Japan; ITS Australia, 2019 ABaaS • TOD Policy • Integrated with MRT, LRT… • Autonomous Bus Rapid Transit • Dynamic Fleet Management • 5G, AIOT and Digital Infrastructure for Smart Cities Concluding Remarks • Strategic Plan on National Autonomous Bus Team • Smart Corridor for ABaaS (Digital-Infrastructure, Technologies, Operation…) • Fleet Size and Scale for ABaaS • Collaboration with International Teams (Technology + Investment) • Legal Transformation: e.g., Platooning Operation, Night Time and for Ageing & Long Term Care • PPPP Alliance of Industry, Government, Operator, and Academia You are invited to attend: International Conference on ITS Organized by ITS Taiwan and III Supported by EASTS Nov 18, 2018 (Hybrid) Thanks S.K.
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