Fiwi Access Networks Martin Maier and Navid Ghazisaidi Index More Information

Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-00322-4 - FiWi Access Networks Martin Maier and Navid Ghazisaidi Index More information

Index

10G-EPON, 63, 65, 148, 173 AMC, 100 2G systems, 10 HSPA, 100 3D Internet, 126 American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 19 3D online games, 3 AMI, 207 3G mobile technologies, 6 Ampliﬁer, 142 CDMA2000, 6 bidirectional, 21 WCDMA, 6 ANSI, 19 Antenna A-MPDU, 81, 125, 190 diversity, 81, 172 A-MSDU, 81, 125, 190 sleeve, 135 AC, 79 AODV, 106, 190 Access categories (AC), 79, 204 AON, 68 Access gateway, 203 AP, 127, 133, 173 Access point (AP), 24, 127, 173 APON, 45 ACK, 77, 119 Arbitrary interframe space (AIFS), 79 ARQ ARQ, 34, 77, 89, 101, 172 WLAN, 77 LTE, 101 timeout, 119 mobile WiMAX, 89 Acknowledgment (ACK), 77, 119 WLAN, 77 Active optical network (AON), 68 Arrayed-waveguide grating (AWG), 69, 131, 142 Active star, 41 athermal, 211 Ad-hoc on-demand distance vector Association, 85 (AODV), 106, 190 Asymmetric DSL (ADSL), 6, 17 Adaptive modulation and coding (AMC), 100 Asynchronous transfer mode (ATM), 15, 45, 146 Admission control, 59, 94, 197, 198, 203 ATM, 15, 146 ADSL, 6, 17, 18 ATM PON (APON), 45 echo cancellation (EC) mode, 18 cell, 48 frequency division multiplexing (FDM) mode, 18 Attenuation, 21, 27, 171 multicarrier modulation Authentication, 85, 214 discrete multitone (DMT), 18 Authorization, 214 single-carrier modulation Autodiscovery, 22, 53 carrierless amplitude phase (CAP), 18 Automated meter reading, 23 ADSL2+, 18 Automatic repeat request (ARQ), 34, 101, 172 Advanced Encryption Standard (AES), 45 Automatic response request (ARQ), 77, 89 Advanced metering infrastructure (AMI), 207 Availability, 27, 200 Advanced service line, 3 mean time to failure (MTTF), 200 Advanced video coding (AVC), 38 mean time to repair (MTTR), 200 AES, 45 routing, 200 Aggregate MAC protocol data unit (A-MPDU), 81, AV C , 38 125, 190 universal mobile telecommunications system Aggregate MAC service data unit (A-MSDU), 81, (UMTS), 38 125, 190 AWG, 69, 142, 143 AIFS, 79 athermal, 69, 131

Index 237

free spectral range (FSR), 69 Broadband adoption, 13 insertion loss, 69 Broadband coverage, 5 Broadband divide, 13 BA, 79 Broadband investment, 13 HCF Broadband over power line (BPL), 5, 24, 209 WLAN, 79 Broadband plan, 14 Backhaul, 14, 65, 67 Broadband PON, 45 optical, 120, 122, 136 Broadband satellite access (BSA), 30 reconfigurable, 125 Broadband technologies, 5 smart grid, 209 fixed wireless wireless, 125 satellite, 6 Backlog, 55, 61 WiMAX, 6 Backplane, 126 fixed wireline Backscattering, 48 broadband over power line (BPL), 5 Backward compatibility, 187 cable modem, 5 Bandwidth allocation, 50, 127 digital subscriber line (DSL), 5 connection-oriented, 131 fiber-to-the-premises (FTTP), 5 integrated, 203 Brownfield deployment, 12 queue-oriented, 131 Brownout, 210 real-time, 71 BS, 127 Bandwidth bottleneck, 126, 171 BSA, 30 Bandwidth guaranteed polling (BGP), 57 Buffer overflow, 125 Bandwidth-efficiency, 125 Burst assembly, 115, 125, 205 BAR, 79 Burst-mode transceiver, 42, 67 HCF Business continuity, 171 WLAN, 79 Business model, 213 Base station (BS), 127, 211 Baseband over fiber, 124 C band, 29 Baseline privacy interface (BPI), 22 Cable modem, 5, 20, 23, 24 BBM, 91 baseline privacy interface (BPI), 22 handover channel bonding, 22 mobile WiMAX, 91 cost comparison, 147 Beamforming, 85, 96, 98 data over cable service interface specifications Gigabit WiMAX, 96 (DOCSIS), 22 BER, 70, 106, 119, 153, 192 autodiscovery, 22 BGP, 57 channel acquisition, 22 Bidirectional path-protected ring (BPR), 134 fragmentation, 22 Billing, 148, 214 privacy, 22 Binary phase shift keying (BPSK), 24 ranging, 22 Binder, 15 request/grant mechanism, 22 Bit error rate (BER), 70, 106, 119, 153, 192 synchronization, 22 Blackout, 210 data rate, 21 Block acknowledgment (BA), 79, 165 error correction, 21 Block acknowledgment request (BAR), 79 payload information rate, 21 Block repeat (BR), 100 QAM, 21 BPI, 22 quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK), 21 BPL, 5, 8, 24, 209 quality-of-service (QoS), 22 coupler, 24 security, 22 BPON, 45 Cable modem termination system (CMTS), 20 BPR, 134 Cable television, 20 BPSK, 24 bidirectional amplifier, 21 BR, 100 cable modem (CM), 20 OFDMA cable modem termination system (CMTS), 20 LTE, 100 diplexer, 20 Break-before-make (BBM), 91 FDM, 21 Breaker, 213 fiber node, 20 Broadband, 3 IP television (IPTV), 22

238 Index

network interface unit (NIU), 20 Coexistence, 65, 67, 71 operations and support system (OSS), 23 Cold standby, 46 transmission spectrum, 21 Combiner, 41, 42, 52, 117, 142 CaDAR, 198, 199 Commercial-off-the-shelf (COTS), 118 CAP, 18 Committed information rate (CIR), 131 Capacity, 69, 191 Communications, 211 residual, 202 Community antenna television (CATV), 20 Capacity and delay aware routing (CaDAR), 198 Commuting, 113, 211 CAPEX, 41, 67, 147, 210, 212 Competitive local exchange carrier (CLEC), 19 Capital expenditures (CAPEX), 41, 67, 210, 212 Complementary technology, 10 Car-to-go, 207 Compression, 12, 153 Carbon gas emission, 208 Congestion, 127, 137, 163, 168, 189, 197 Carrier sense multiple access/collision avoidance control, 125 (CSMA/CA), 75 Connection-oriented, 120 Carrier-to-interference ratio, 139 Constant bit rate (CBR), 153, 192 CATV, 20 Contention period (CP), 78 CBR, 153, 192 Contention-free end (CF-End), 83 CDM, 66 Contention-free period (CFP), 78 CDMA2000, 6, 98 Control plane, 53 Cellular networks, 120 Cooling, 147 second generation, 130 Cooperative path diversity third generation, 130 multihop relay WiMAX, 94 Central office (CO), 11, 15, 41, 51, 114, 121, 127, Cost-sensitivity, 142 143 COTS, 118 Central processing unit (CPU), 131, 188 Coupler, 24 CF-End, 83 Coupling loss, 142 CFP, 78 CP, 78 HCF HCF WLAN, 78 WLAN, 78 Channel acquisition, 22 CPE, 7, 22 Channel assignment, 127, 139, 198, 204 CPU, 131, 188, 189 Channel bonding, 22 Cross-absorption modulation (XAM), 121 Chromatic dispersion, 124 Cross-phase modulation (XPM), 121 CIR, 131 Crosstalk accumulation, 114 Clear to send (CTS), 78, 192 CSMA/CA, 75 CLEC, 19 WLAN, 75 Climate change, 208 CTS, 78, 192 Clock gating (CG), 103 WLAN, 78 Clock recovery, 122 Customer premises equipment (CPE), 7, 22 CM, 20, 22 CWDM, 42, 48, 69 CMTS, 20, 22 CO, 11, 15, 41, 51, 114, 121, 127, 143 DAMA, 30 CO2 footprint, 211 request/grant mechanism, 30 CO2 reduction, 211, 217 DARA, 196 Coarse wavelength division multiplexing (CWDM), Dark fiber, 143, 164, 209, 211 42, 48, 69 Data over cable service interface specifications Code division multiple access (CDMA), 98 (DOCSIS), 8, 22 Code division multiplexing (CDM), 66 DBA, 50, 51, 146, 192, 200 Coding DBR, 122 batch, 163 DCF, 75, 119, 120 coefficient, 161 DCF interframe space (DIFS), 119 end-to-end mechanisms, 163 WLAN, 75 intra-flow, 163 DCF interframe space (DIFS), 76 linear, 161 DDRA, 197 nonlinear, 161 Dead spot mitigation, 163 opportunistic, 162, 168, 170 DEB, 59 pairwise XOR, 162 DECT PRS, 118

Index 239

Deep ﬁber access, 10 DS, 75, 105 Delay-aware routing algorithm (DARA), 196 WLAN, 75 Delay-differentiated routing algorithm (DDRA), WMN, 105 197 DSDV, 107 Demand assigned multiple access (DAMA), 30 DSL, 5, 6, 23, 24, 114 Demand response, 208 asymmetric DSL (ADSL), 17 Dense wavelength division multiplexing (DWDM), binder, 15 66, 143 digital signal processing (DSP), 16 DER, 208, 211, 215 distance and noise limitations, 114 Destination only (DO), 108 DSL access multiplexer (DSLAM), 11, 17 Destination sequence distance vector (DSDV), 107 high-bit-rate DSL (HDSL), 17 Deterministic effective bandwidth (DEB), 59 power spectral density (PSD), 16 DFB, 122 rate-adaptive DSL (RADSL), 18 DFT, 100 spectrum management, 19 LTE, 100 dynamic spectrum management (DSM), 19 Dial-up connection, 3 power spectral density (PSD) mask, 19 Differential phase-shift-keyed (DPSK), 121 unshielded twisted pair (UTP), 15 DIFS, 76, 119 very high bit-rate DSL (VDSL), 12, 16 DCF DSLAM, 11, 17 WLAN, 76 DSM, 19 Digital cinema, 3 DSP, 16 Digital enhanced cordless telecommunication DSSS, 75 packet radio service (DECT PRS), 118 WLAN, 75 Digital signal processing (DSP), 16 DTH, 28 Digital subscriber line (DSL), 5, 114, 209 DTT, 83 Digital TV (DTV), 18 DTV, 18 Digitized RoF, 124 Dual-rate receiver, 64 Diplexer, 20 Ducting, 150 Direct detection, 71 DWDM, 66, 69, 143 Direct link protocol (DLP), 79 subcarrier multiplexing (SCM), 134 Direct sequence spread spectrum (DSSS), 75 Dynamic bandwidth allocation (DBA), 50, 51, 125, Direct-to-home (DTH), 28 146, 192, 200 Discontinuous reception (DRX), 102 Dynamic capacity allocation, 30 Discrete Fourier transformation (DFT), 100 Dynamic channel assignment, 117, 125 Discrete multitone (DMT), 18 Dynamic spectrum management (DSM), 19 Dispersion, 42, 67 Distributed antenna, 117 E-commerce, 4 Distributed Bragg reﬂector (DBR) laser, 122 E-health, 214 Distributed coordination function (DCF), 75, 119 E-mobility, 207 Distributed energy resource (DER), 208 E-MPCP, 203 Distributed feedback (DFB) laser, 122 EAM, 117, 121 Distribution management system (DMS), 211 Echo cancellation, 18 Distribution system (DS), 75, 105 ECSD, 33 Diversity enhanced data rates for GSM evolution cooperative, 134 (EDGE), 33 multihop, 134 EDCA, 78, 85, 188, 189 DLP, 79 HCF DMS, 211 WLAN, 78 DMT, 18, 19 VHT WLAN, 85 DO, 108 EDFA, 47 DOCSIS, 8, 22 EDGE, 32 DOCSIS PON (DPON), 23 EFM, 43, 51 Downlink transmission time (DTT), 83 EGPRS, 33 DPON, 23 enhanced data rates for GSM evolution DPSK, 121 (EDGE), 33 DRX, 102 EIR, 131 LTE, 102 Electric mobility (e-mobility), 207

240 Index

Electric vehicle (EV), 207 synchronization, 54 Electroabsorption modulator (EAM), 117 time division multiplexing (TDM), 53 Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC), 41 tree topology, 52 Electromagnetic interference (EMI), 41, 210 video distribution band, 64 Electromagnetic or radio frequency interference waveband allocation, 63 (EMI/RFI), 24 WDM, 162 EMC, 41 WiMAX integration, 130 EMI, 41, 210 EPON forum, 51 EMM, 102 EPS, 102 LTE, 102 LTE, 102 Encryption, 22, 50 EPS-mobility management (EMM), 102 Energy, 211, 217 Erbium doped fiber amplifier (EDFA), 47 Energy consumption, 201, 207 Error correction, 21 Energy efficiency, 201 Error vector magnitude (EVM), 119 Energy Internet, 208 Ethernet, 146, 168, 212 Energy management, 23 LAN, 62 Energy storage, 215 packet, 49 Energy-aware routing, 202 Ethernet in the First Mile (EFM), 43, 51 hop offset, 202 Ethernet passive optical network (EPON), 22, 51, Enhanced circuit switched data (ECSD), 33 120, 146, 187, 211 Enhanced data rates for GSM evolution (EDGE), 32 Ethernet PON, 43, 123, 171, 200 Enhanced distributed channel access Ethernet switch, 41 (EDCA), 78, 188 ETSI, 30, 32, 113 Enhanced general packet radio service (EGPRS), 33 enhanced data rates for GSM evolution Enhanced MPCP (E-MPCP), 203 (EDGE), 32 Enhancement band, 47 global system for mobile communications Environment, 113 (GSM), 30 EPON, 22, 43, 51, 65, 123, 125, 146, 171, 173, 187, ETT, 109 200, 202–204, 211 ETX, 109 autodiscovery, 53 Euclidean distance, 138 coexistence, 64 European Telecommunications Standardization control plane, 53 Institute (ETSI), 30, 113 dynamic bandwidth allocation (DBA), 51 EV, 207 absolute QoS, 54 plug-in EV (PEV), 207 bandwidth guaranteed polling (BGP), 57 EVM, 119 decentralized, 62 Evolved EDGE, 34 deterministic effective bandwidth (DEB), 59 enhanced data rates for GSM evolution interleaved polling with adaptive cycle time (EDGE), 34 (IPACT), 55 Evolved packet system (EPS), 102 multimedia, 60 Excess information rate (EIR), 131 relative QoS, 54 Expected transmission count (ETX), 109 statistical multiplexing, 54 Expected transmission time (ETT), 109 fragmentation, 54 integration of WiMAX, 120 Fading, 27 interoperability, 51 Fairness, 131, 173 multipoint control protocol (MPCP), 51, 53 throughput fairness, 56 next-generation, 156 Fast base station switching (FBSS), 91 optical line terminal (OLT), 52 Fast packet scheduling (FPS), 100 optical network unit (ONU), 52 Fault tolerance, 201 polling, 53 FBG, 121, 213 ranging, 53 FBSS, 91 registration, 53 handover scheduling mobile WiMAX, 91 distributed, 62 FCC, 3 inter-ONU, 54 broadband plan, 14 intra-ONU, 54 multichannel multipoint distribution service service differentiation, 60 (MMDS), 25

Index 241

FCS, 49, 81 Free space optics (FSO), 27 HT WLAN, 81 Free spectral range (FSR), 69 FDD, 19, 86, 98 Free-space optical wireless (OW) LTE, 98 communications, 114 WiMAX, 86 Frequency converter, 117 FDM, 18, 21, 135 Frequency division duplex (FDD), 19, 86, 98 FDM/WDM Frequency division multiplexing (FDM), 18 hybrid architecture, 129 Frequency hopping spread spectrum (FHSS), 75 FEC, 50, 172 Frequency scaling (FS), 103 Federal Communications Commission (FCC), 3 Frequency shift keying (FSK), 68 FHSS, 75 FSAN, 43, 45, 66 WLAN, 75 FSK, 68 Fiber blowing, 13 FSO, 27 Fiber Bragg grating (FBG), 121, 213 availability, 27 Fiber grating, 118 pointing, acquisition, and tracking (PAT), 27 Fiber laying, 13 FSR, 69 Fiber node, 20 FTTB, 5, 43 Fiber nonlinearities, 115, 124 FTTC, 12, 43 Fiber optic sensor, 213, 217 FTTCab, 11, 17, 43 Fiber-to-the-cabinet (FTTCab), 11, 17, 43 FTTH, 5, 23, 43, 171 Fiber-to-the-curb (FTTC), 12, 43 baseband, 118 Fiber-to-the-home (FTTH), 23, 171 passive optical network (PON), 12 Fiber-to-the-node (FTTN), 11, 17 point-to-point (PtP), 12 Fiber-to-the-premises (FTTP) take-rate, 14 fiber-to-the-building (FTTB), 5, 43 FTTH/B household coverage, 8 fiber-to-the-home (FTTH), 5, 43 FTTN, 11, 17 FIFO, 168, 201 FTTP, 5 Firmware, 123 FTTx, 11, 17, 43, 171 First mile, 3 Full service access network (FSAN), 43, 45, 66 First-in-first-out (FIFO), 168, 201 Future-proofness, 211 First/last mile, 208 FWM, 120 bandwidth bottleneck, 126, 171 Fixed mobile convergence (FMC), 113 Gateway, 123, 143 Fixed mobile integration (FMI), 114 Gaussian minimum shift keying (GMSK), 34 Fixed WiMAX, 88, 105, 110 GDP, 13 Flexibility, 135 GEM, 45, 49 Flow, 161, 162 General packet radio service (GPRS), 30 assignment, 201 General purpose technology (GPT), 4 Flow control, 125 Generic framing procedure (GFM), 49 FMC, 113 Geostationary orbit (GSO), 28 FMI, 114 GFM, 49 Footprint, 41 Gigabit PON (GPON), 43, 45, 171 Forklift upgrade, 70 Gigabit WiMAX, 95 Forward error correction (FEC), 50, 172 OFDM, 95 Forwarding, 103, 161 OFDMA, 95 assured, 62 Global positioning system (GPS), 108 expedited, 62 Global system for mobile communications (GSM), Four-wave mixing (FWM) 30, 105, 117 highly nonlinear dispersion-shifter fiber Globalization of services, 4 (HNL-DSF), 120 GMSK, 34 FPS, 100 enhanced data rates for GSM evolution HSPA, 100 (EDGE), 34 Fragmentation, 22, 54 GPON, 43, 45, 65, 171 Frame aggregation, 81, 115, 125, 187 bandwidth allocation, 50 hierarchical, 190 dynamic bandwidth allocation (DBA), 50 Frame check sequence (FCS), 49, 81 status-reporting, 50 Frame de-aggregation, 189 traffic-monitoring, 50

242 Index

encapsulation method (GEM), 45, 49 HDTV, 3, 12, 18 encryption, 50 Heat dissipation, 211 forward error correction (FEC), 50 Heuristic load-balanced coding-aware routing frame format (HLCR), 109 physical control block downstream (PCBd), 48 Heuristic path metric for coding and load-balancing protection, 46 (HPMCL), 109 cold standby, 46 HFC, 12, 20, 24, 114 hot standby, 46 crosstalk accumulation, 114 quality-of-service (QoS), 48 HHO, 91 ranging, 50 handover registration, 50 mobile WiMAX, 91 service differentiation, 50 Hidden node problem, 78 traffic container (T-CONT), 49, 50 Hierarchical cascaded power gating (HCPG), 102 triple-play service, 48 Hierarchical multi-level clock gating video overlay, 45 (HMLCG), 102 wavelength allocation, 47 High-bit-rate DSL (HDSL), 17 enhancement band, 47 High-definition television (HDTV), 3 L-band, 48 High-definition TV (HDTV), 18 GPRS, 30 High-definition video streaming, 84 GPRS tunneling protocol (GTP), 32 High-rate DSSS (HR-DSSS), 75 public land mobile network (PLMN), 31 High-speed circuit-switched data service GPS, 108 (HSCSD), 30 GPT, 4 High-speed downlink packet access (HSDPA), 98 Greenfield deployment, 12 High-speed packet access (HSPA), 98 Greenhouse footprint, 201 High-speed uplink packet access (HSUPA), 100 Greenhouse gas emissions, 67, 211, 217 High-throughput WLAN (HT WLAN), 81 Gross domestic product (GDP), 13 HLCR, 109 GSM, 30, 100, 105, 117, 118 HMLCG, 102 GSO, 28 CG, 103 Guard band, 55 FS, 103 LTE, 102 HAN, 146 Holding time, 30 Handover, 31, 125, 131, 137 Home area network (HAN), 146 fast moving users, 127 Home automation, 23, 213 general packet radio service (GPRS), 31 Homeland security, 4 hard, 103 HomePlug AV (HPAV), 24 LTE, 103 Hop offset, 202 mobile WiMAX, 91 Hot standby, 46 semi-soft, 103 HPAV, 24 soft, 103 HPMCL, 109 Hard handover (HHO), 91 HR-DSSS, 75 HARQ, 100, 101 WLAN, 75 HSPA, 100 HSCSD, 30 LTE, 101 HSDPA, 98 HCCA, 78, 85 HSPA, 98 HCF HSDPA, 98 WLAN, 78 HSUPA, 100 VHT WLAN, 85 HSUPA, 100 HCF, 78 HT WLAN, 81 WLAN, 78 burst transmission, 83 HCF-controlled channel access (HCCA), 78 contention-free end (CF-End), 83 HCPG, 102 frame aggregation, 81 LTE, 102 aggregate MAC protocol data unit HDSL, 17 (A-MPDU), 81 T1/E1 leased lines, 17 aggregate MAC service data unit trellis coded pulse amplitude modulation (A-MSDU), 81 (TC-PAM), 17 multi-TID block acknowledgment (MTBA), 81

Index 243

OFDM, 81 International Mobile Telecommunications (IMT), power save multi-poll (PSMP), 83 32, 89 downlink transmission time (DTT), 83 International Telecommunication Union uplink transmission time (UTT), 83 (ITU), 13, 89 reverse direction (RD), 82 Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF), 32 HWMP, 106, 190 Internet protocol Hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ), 100 header, 153 Hybrid coordination function (HCF), 78 version 4 (IPv4), 32 Hybrid fiber-coax (HFC), 12, 20, 114 version 6 (IPv6), 22, 32 Hybrid wireless mesh protocol (HWMP), 106, 190 Internet protocol (IP), 15, 192 Hydroelectric generator, 207 Interoperability, 51 Interrogator, 213 IARP, 106 Intersatellite link (ISL), 29 ICT, 4 Intersymbol interference (ISI), 67 Idle mode retention information (IMRI), 97 Interzone routing protocol (IERP), 106 IERP, 106 Intrazone routing protocol (IARP), 106 IETF, 32 IOW-AC, 203 MIP, 32 IP, 15 IF over fiber, 124 general packet radio service (GPRS), 32 IFDMA, 100 header, 153, 192 LTE, 100 IP multicast, 22 IP television (IPTV), 22 ILEC, 19 IPACT, 55, 168 ILP, 198 fairness, 56 IM, 121 maximum grant size, 192 IMRI, 97 maximum transmission window (MTW), 55 power saving, 97 service IMT credit, 55, 200 enhanced data rates for GSM evolution elastic, 55 (EDGE), 32 fixed, 55 IMT-2000, 95 limited, 55 IMT-Advanced, 95 IPTV, 22 mobile WiMAX, 89 IPv4, 32 IMT-2000, 95 IPv6, 22 Gigabit WiMAX, 95 IR, 75 IMT-Advanced, 95 WLAN, 75 Gigabit WiMAX, 95 IRC, 131, 188 Incumbent local exchange carrier (ILEC), 19 ISDN, 16, 19 Information and communication technology ISI, 67 (ICT), 4 ISL, 29 Infrared (IR), 75 ITU, 13, 89 Insertion loss, 142 mobile WiMAX, 89 Integer linear program (ILP), 198 Integrated optical wireless admission control Jitter, 195 (IOW-AC), 203 Integrated rate controller (IRC), 131, 188 Ka band, 7, 29 Integrated services digital network (ISDN), 16 Ku band, 29 Integrity, 100 Intensity modulation (IM) L-band, 48 external, 121 Lagrangean relaxation, 139 Interleaved frequency division multiple access LAN, 7, 18 (IFDMA), 100 Ethernet, 51 Interleaved polling with adaptive cycle time Laser (IPACT), 55, 168, 192, 200 tunable, 143, 144 Interleaving, 168 Last inch access, 24 Intermediate frequency (IF) over fiber, 124 Last mile, 3 Intermittency, 215 Last mile access, 24

244 Index

Latency, 126, 127, 137, 209–211 Mach-Zehnder modulator (MZM), 118 LDPC, 172 Macro-diversity handover (MDHO), 91 Leaky bucket, 59 MAI, 70 Leased lines, 17 Maintenance, 41, 114, 210, 211, 213 LEO, 28 Make-before-break (MBB), 91 Lifeline service, 67 MAN, 3, 51, 143 Lighting control, 23 Management, 114, 147 Lightpath MANET, 105 shared, 135 WMN, 105 Line coding MAP, 107, 189, 213 64B/66B, 63 Maximum transmission window (MTW), 55 8B/10B, 63 MBB, 91 Line-of-sight (LOS), 25, 86, 172 handover Linear programming, 141, 191 mobile WiMAX, 91 Link state advertisement (LSA), 196 MCN, 134 Link state prediction (LSP), 196 MDA, 109, 188, 189, 214 LMDS, 26 MDA opportunity (MDAOP), 109, 189 Load balancing, 125, 137, 189, 190, 197, 201 MDAOP, 109, 189 Local area network (LAN), 7, 18, 51 MDHO, 91 Local multipoint distribution system (LMDS), 26 handover Long term evolution (LTE), 37, 98, 210 mobile WiMAX, 91 Long-reach PON (LR-PON), 171 MDU, 12 Longevity, 171, 211 Mean opinion square (MOS), 195 LOS, 25, 86 Mean time to failure (MTTF), 200 WiMAX, 86 Mean time to repair (MTTR), 200 Loss Medium access control (MAC), 22, 42, 52, 69, 75, coupling loss, 142 86, 100, 115 insertion loss, 142 protocol data unit (PDU), 130 Low density parity check coding (LDPC), 172 Medium Earth orbit (MEO), 28 Low Earth orbit (LEO), 28 MEO, 28 Low-power state, 202 Mesh access point (MAP), 107, 189, 213 LR PON Mesh deterministic access (MDA), 109, 188, 214 tree-and-branch topology, 173 Mesh point (MP), 107, 172, 187, 213 LR-PON, 163, 171 Mesh portal point (MPP), 107, 172, 187, 213 LSA, 196, 200, 202 Metric of interference and channel (MIC), 109 LSP, 196 Metropolitan area network (MAN), 3, 51, 143 LTE, 37, 98, 210 MIC, 109 advanced, 98 Micro-trenching, 13 OFDMA, 100 Microcellular radio network, 130 Microcellular radio system, 114 MAC, 22 distributed antenna, 117 address, 49 Microwave, 20 protocol, 69, 115, 119 Microwave-over-ﬁber (MoF), 120 adaptive, 30 Migration, 210 distributed, 119 Millimeter-wave (mm-wave), 84, 123 hybrid, 115, 123 MILP, 202 hybrid random access/reservation, 30 MIMO, 81, 89, 98, 172 multipoint-to-point, 42, 52 HT WLAN, 81 polling, 119 LTE, 98 random access, 30 mobile WiMAX, 89 timeout, 119 multi-user, 84, 95 wavelength-routing PON, 69 Minimum hop routing, 197 WLAN, 75 MIP, 32 WMAN, 86 GPRS, 32 MAC protocol data unit (MPDU), 81, 87 Mixed integer linear program (MILP), 202 MAC service data unit (MSDU), 77 Mixed integer programming (MPI), 139 Mach-Zehnder interferometer, 121 mm-wave, 84

Index 245

VHT WLAN, 84 OFDMA, 93 MMDS, 25 relay zone, 94 MMF, 117, 130 relay-MAC Mobile ad-hoc network (MANET), 105 connection tunneling, 94 Mobile client node (MCN), 134 relay-MAC (R-MAC), 94 Mobile IP (MIP), 32 Multihopping, 172 Mobile WiMAX, 10, 89 Multimedia, 60 Mobility, 10, 103 Multimode fiber (MMF), 117, 130 Modulation, 115, 118 Multipath routing, 201 cross-absorption modulation (XAM), 121 Multiple access interference (MAI), 70 cross-phase modulation (XPM), 121 Multiple input multiple output (MIMO), 81, 89, 98, double-sideband (DSB), 121 172 intensity modulation Multiple-system operator (MSO), 20 external, 121 Multiplexing multilevel, 124 polarization, 71 phase modulation (PM), 123 spatial, 98, 172 external, 121 statistical multiplexing, 51, 69 remote, 121, 122 time division multiplexing (TDM), 53, 171 single-sideband (SSB), 121 wavelength division multiplexing Modulation format, 69 (WDM), 52, 171 Modulator Multipoint control protocol (MPCP), 51, 53, 203 external, 118 Multipoint-to-point, 52 Mach-Zehnder modulator (MZM), 118 Multiservice access network, 118 radio frequency (RF), 129 MZM, 118, 121 MoF, 120 Monitoring, 207 NAN, 213, 215 MOS, 195 Narrowband access, 3 Moving cell, 127 NAV, 78 MP, 107, 172, 187, 213 NC, 160 MPCP, 51, 53, 63, 203 Neighborhood area network (NAN), 213 enhanced, 203 Network allocation vector (NAV), 78 MPDU, 81, 87 Network coding (NC), 160 MPEG-2, 22 inter-flow, 162 MPEG-4, 153, 192 multipath, 162 MPI, 139 intra-flow, 163, 166 MPP, 107, 172, 187, 213 opportunistic coding, 162 MSDU, 77 opportunistic listening, 162 WLAN, 77 Network interface card (NIC), 21, 51 MSO, 20 Network interface unit (NIU), 20 MTBA, 81 Network termination equipment (NTE), 43 MTTF, 200 Next-generation EPON (NG-EPON), 156 MTTR, 200 Next-generation passive optical network MTW, 55 (NG-PON), 160 Multi-dwelling unit (MDU), 12 Next-generation PON (NG-PON), 65, 171 Multi-TID block acknowledgment (MTBA), 81 NG-EPON, 156 Multi-user MIMO, 84, 95 NG-PON, 65, 160, 171 Gigabit WiMAX, 95 backhaul, 67 VHT WLAN, 84 CAPEX, 67 Multicarrier, 95 coexistence, 65 Gigabit WiMAX, 95 disruptive, 65 Multicarrier modulation, 19 NG-PON1, 65 discrete multitone (DMT), 18 long-reach, 66 Multicasting, 162, 163, 165 pre- and post-amplification, 67 Multichannel multipoint distribution service WDM overlay, 66 (MMDS), 25 XG-PON, 66 Multihop relay WiMAX, 93 NG-PON2, 65 access zone, 94 CDM, 66

246 Index

CWDM, 69 Operation, administration, maintenance, and DWDM, 66, 69 provisioning (OAM&P), 211, 214 higher-rate TDM, 66 Operational expenditures (OPEX), 41, 67, 210, 212 OFDM, 66 Operations and support system (OSS), 23 optical code division multiple access OPEX, 41, 67, 147, 210, 212 (OCDMA), 68 Opportunistic coding, 168, 170 orthogonal frequency division multiple access Opportunistic listening, 162 (OFDMA), 68 Optical access network (OAN), 43 wavelength-routing, 69 Optical add-drop multiplexer (OADM), 129 OPEX, 67 Optical burst switching (OBS), 143, 204 power saving, 67 Optical burst wireless mesh architecture supervision, 67 (OBWMA), 204 NIC, 21, 51 Optical carrier suppression (OCS), 120 NIU, 20 Optical code division multiple access (OCDMA), NOLM, 121 42, 68 Nonlinear optical loop mirror (NOLM), 121 Optical coding (OC), 71 NTE, 43 Optical distribution network (ODN), 43, 65 Optical distribution system, 119 OADM, 129, 136 Optical line terminal (OLT), 43, 52, 122, 127, 138, OAM, 147 150, 161, 171, 190, 197, 211 OAM&P, 211, 214 Optical network termination (ONT), 43 OAN, 43, 214 Optical network unit (ONU), 12, 43, 45, 52, 122, OBP, 29 147, 160, 171, 187, 199, 213 OBS, 143, 204 Optical time domain reﬂectometry (OTDR), 48 burst assembly, 205 Optical wireless communications, 27 OBWMA, 204 Optical wireless integration (OWI), 114 OC, 71 Optical–electrical (OE) conversion, 123 OCDMA, 42, 68 efﬁciency, 124 OCS, 120, 121 Organisation for Economic Co-operation and ODN, 43, 65, 67 Development (OECD), 4 ODU, 203 Orthogonal frequency division multiple access OECD, 4 (OFDMA), 68, 86, 100 OFDM, 24, 66, 75, 81, 86, 95, 98, 124, 172 Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing LTE, 98 (OFDM), 66, 75, 86, 98, 172 OFDMA, 68, 86, 93, 95, 100 variable-bit loading, 24 OLT, 43, 52, 122, 127, 138, 150, 161, 166, 167, 171, OSS, 23 190, 197, 200, 211, 215, 216 OTDR, 48 On-line games, 126 Out-of-order packet delivery, 103, 201 On–off keying (OOK), 68, 121 Outdoor unit (ODU), 203 Onboard processing (OBP), 29 OW communications, 114 Online shopping, 5 OWI, 114 ONT, 43 ONU, 12, 43, 52, 123, 147, 160, 171, 187, 199, 200, P2P, 126 203, 213, 215 Packet data convergence protocol (PDCP), 100 bandwidth guaranteed, 57 Packet error rate (PER), 195 best-effort, 57 Packet loss, 168, 195 colorless, 68, 71, 122 Parametric wavelength conversion (PWC), 143 remote modulation, 122 Partitioning differential reach, 45 H-tree, 144 inter-ONU communications, 141 Passive optical network (PON), 12, 41, 114, 122, placement, 138, 149 127, 138, 171, 197 sleeping, 202 Passive star, 41 wavelength-controlled, 67 Passive star coupler (PSC), 131, 164, 211 OOK, 68, 121 PAT, 27 Open access network (OAN), 214 Path computation, 190 Operation, administration, and maintenance Path diversity, 134 (OAM), 147 Path error (PERR), 108

Index 247

Path reply (PREP), 107 fiber-lean, 43 Path request (PREQ), 107 fiber-rich, 43 Path selection duplication, 123, 172 integrated algorithms, 115, 123, 125 high-speed TDM, 171 PCF, 77 long-reach, 66, 171 WLAN, 77 network termination equipment (NTE), 43 PCF interframe space (PIFS), 77 next-generation PON (NG-PON), 65, 171 PDA, 24 optical access network (OAN), 43 PDCCH, 101 optical code division multiple access (OCDMA), LTE, 101 68, 70 PDCP, 100 optical distribution network (ODN), 43 LTE, 100 optical line terminal (OLT), 43 PDU, 130 optical network termination (ONT), 43 Peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR), 101 optical network unit (ONU), 43 Peer-to-peer communications, 140 orthogonal frequency division multiple access PER, 195 (OFDMA), 68, 71 PERR, 108 partial protection, 172 Personal digital assistant (PDA), 24 TDM/WDM, 143, 164 Personal handyphone system (PHS), 117 wavelength-routing, 69 Petabyte age, 126 WDM, 136, 167 PEV, 207, 208, 211, 215 WDM PON, 143, 171 battery charging, 215 WDM/TDM PON, 141 delay-tolerant, 215 Population density, 6, 148, 212 Photodiode, 117 POTS, 15, 19 PHS, 117 Power budget, 69 PHY protocol data unit (PPDU), 82 Power consumption, 41, 147, 211, 212, 214, 215 PHY service data unit (PSDU), 81 minimization, 202 Physical downlink-control channel (PDCCH), 101 Power grid Physical uplink-control channel (PUCCH), 100 load profile, 207 PIFS, 77 Power line broadband (PLB), 24 PCF Power line communications (PLC), 23 WLAN, 77 Power line telecommunications (PLT), 24 Piggybacking, 55, 162 Power outage, 67 Plain old telephone service (POTS), 15 Power penalty, 119 PLB, 24 Power save multi-poll (PSMP), 83 PLC, 23 Power saving, 67, 96 last inch access, 24 connected mode, 96 last mile access, 24 Gigabit WiMAX, 96 ultra-wideband (UWB), 24 idle mode, 96 PLMN, 31 sleep mode, 96 PLT, 24 Power spectral density (PSD), 16 PM, 121, 123 mask, 19 PoC, 35 Powering, 41 Point coordination function (PCF), 77 PPDU, 82 Point-to-multipoint, 41, 52, 86 HT WLAN, 82 Point-to-point (PtP), 12 Prediction, 62 architecture, 41, 69 Predictive throughput routing, 197 wavelength-routing PON, 69 PREP, 107 Pointing, acquisition, and tracking (PAT), 27 PREQ, 107 Polarization diversity, 124 Pricing, 148 Polarization insensitivity, 121 Primary transit queue (PTQ), 189 Polarization multiplexing, 71 Priority Polling, 53, 120, 146 queueing, 60, 201 cycle, 168, 203 scheduling, 60, 201 interleaved, 119 Privacy, 22, 45, 69, 214 PON, 12, 41, 114, 122, 127, 138, 171, 197, 199 Programmability, 123 configuration Protection, 46, 123, 134, 145, 147, 160

248 Index

cold standby, 46 Radio resource control (RRC), 102 hot standby, 46 Radio-and-fiber (R&F) networks, 115, 120, 127, optical, 172, 173 187 partial, 173 Radio-over-fiber (RoF) networks, 114, 127, 187 wireless, 172, 173 RADSL, 18 Protocol data unit (PDU), 130 Ranging, 22, 50, 53 Protocol translation, 115, 120 RANN, 108 PSC, 131, 164, 211 Rate-adaptive DSL (RADSL), 18 PSD, 16 RAU, 114, 117, 120, 121, 129 PSDU, 81 colorless, 115 HT WLAN, 81 RD, 82 PSMP, 83, 85 Real-time transport protocol (RTP), 153, 192 VHT WLAN, 85 Receiver PSNR, 101 burst-mode, 122 PSTN, 31 tunable, 122 PtP, 12 Reconfigurability, 142 PTQ, 189 Reconfiguration, 125, 127 Public land mobile network (PLMN), 31 Reduced interframe space (RIFS), 83 Public safety, 4 Reflective semiconductor optical amplifier (RSOA), Public switched telephone network (PSTN), 31 68, 122, 144 PUCCH, 100 Refractive index, 27 LTE, 100 Registration, 50, 53 Push to talk over cellular (PoC), 35 Relay-MAC (R-MAC), 94 PWC, 143 Relaying, 190 multihop, 134 QAM, 18, 19, 24, 34, 84 Reliability, 41, 100, 103, 134, 135, 163, 166, 172, VHT WLAN, 84 210, 211 QoS, 22, 23, 34, 48, 71, 78, 87, 90, 125, 127, 143, Remodulation, 115, 121 146 Remote antenna unit (RAU), 114, 117, 129 absolute, 54, 127, 214 Remote modulation, 121, 122 continuity, 202 Remote node, 134 differentiation, 197, 210 Renewable energy source, 208 EDGE, 34 solar panel, 215 end-to-end, 204 wind turbine, 215 guaranteed, 189, 204 Request to send (RTS), 78, 192 mapping, 204, 205 Request/grant mechanism, 22, 30 mobile WiMAX, 90 Reservation, 190 provisioning, 202 wavelength, 143 relative, 54, 127, 214 Resilience, 115, 123, 164, 167 scheduling, 203 Resilient packet ring (RPR), 131, 143, 189 WiMAX, 87 Restoration, 47 WLAN, 78 Retransmission, 125 QPSK, 21, 24 Return on investment (ROI), 12 Quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM), 18, 84 Reverse carpooling, 162 Quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK), 21 Reverse direction (RD), 82 Quality-of-service (QoS), 22, 34, 48, 71, 78, 87, RF, 25, 96, 117, 118 100, 125, 127, 143, 146, 210 converter, 135 optical generation, 115, 120 R-MAC, 94 RIFS, 83 R&F networks, 115, 120, 127, 187 HT WLAN, 83 MAC protocol distributed coordination function Right-of-way, 146, 213 (DCF), 120 Risk-and-delay aware routing (RADAR), 198 protocol translation, 120 RLC, 100 RADAR, 198 LTE, 100 Radio frequency (RF), 25, 96, 117 RM-AODV, 109 Radio link control (RLC), 100 Robustness, 160, 172 Radio metric-AODV (RM-AODV), 109 RoF

Index 249

digitized, 124 C band, 29 polarization diversity, 124 Ka band, 7, 29 RoF networks, 114, 127, 187 Ku band, 29 bit error rate (BER), 119 geostationary, 20 chromatic dispersion, 124 geostationary orbit (GSO), 28 error vector magnitude (EVM), 119 intersatellite link (ISL), 29 fiber nonlinearities, 124 low Earth orbit (LEO), 28 MAC protocol MAC protocol centralized polling and scheduling, 120 adaptive, 30 multiservice, 118 hybrid random access/reservation, 30 opto-electronic conversion efficiency, 124 random access, 30 power penalty, 119 medium Earth orbit (MEO), 28 radio-over-MMF, 118 onboard processing (OBP), 29 radio-over-SMF, 118 orbit, 28 transparency, 117 Satellite networks, 28 very-high-throughput SC, 86 multilevel modulation, 124 SCa, 86 orthogonal frequency division multiplexing Scalability, 125, 126, 137, 143, 210 (OFDM), 124 Scalable video codec (SVC), 38 WLAN-based, 119 Scheduling, 146 ROI, 12 centralized, 120 Root announcement (RANN), 108 EPON Round-robin, 168 inter-ONU, 54 Round-trip time (RTT), 52 intra-ONU, 54, 189 Router, 123 strict priority, 60 Routing, 127, 141, 160, 161 inter-home, 214, 215 availability-aware, 200 centralized, 216 energy-aware, 202 intra-home, 214, 215 extensible framework, 190 preemptive, 201 link-state, 196 QoS-aware, 203 minimum hop, 197, 199 strict priority, 60 multi-path, 201 WLAN predictive throughput, 197, 199 inter-STA scheduling, 79 pro-active, 190, 196 intra-STA scheduling, 79 shortest path, 165, 191, 197, 199, 200 WMAN RPR, 131, 143, 189 inter-SS scheduling, 90 committed information rate (CIR), 131 intra-SS scheduling, 90 excess information rate (EIR), 131 WMN RRC, 102 MP, 189 LTE, 102 MPP, 189 RSOA, 68, 122, 144 SCM, 45, 134 RTP, 153, 192 SCMA, 42 RTS, 78, 192 SDTV, 12 WLAN, 78 Secondary transit queue (STQ), 189 RTT, 52 Security, 5, 22, 23, 45, 69, 85, 100, 209, 210, 213, 214 SaaS, 5 Self-healing, 135 Safety, 210 Semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA), 121 SAP, 81 Sensor, 126, 207, 211, 214 Satellite, 6, 20, 209 current, 213 broadband satellite access (BSA), 30 fiber optic, 213, 217 customer premises equipment (CPE), 7 power, 213 direct-to-home (DTH), 28 temperature, 213 dynamic capacity allocation voltage, 213 demand assigned multiple access (DAMA), 30 Service request/grant mechanism, 30 credit, 55 frequency band differentiation, 50, 60

250 Index

elastic, 55 SNR, 24, 110 fixed, 55 SOA, 121 limited, 55 reflective, 122 provisioning, 147 Social policies, 13 Service access point (SAP), 81 SOFDM, 100 Service differentiation LTE, 100 EPON, 60 Software as a service (SaaS), 5 GPON, 50 Solar array, 207 Service flow (SF), 88 Solar panel, 215 Service level agreement (SLA), 57, 200 SONET/SDH, 143 Service migration, 146 Space time block coding (STBC), 81, 172 SF, 88 Space-frequency block coding (SFBC), 102 WiMAX, 88 Spatial diversity, 84, 172 SFBC, 102 Spatial multiplexing, 81, 172 LTE, 102 Spatial reuse, 85, 96, 164 Short interframe space (SIFS), 77, 172, 191 Gigabit WiMAX, 96 Short message service (SMS), 30 WMN, 173 Shortest path routing, 165, 191, 197, 200 Spectrum management, 19 SIFS, 77, 172, 191 dynamic spectrum management (DSM), 19 WLAN, 77 Split-screen video, 3 Signal-to-noise and interference ratio (SINR), 104 Splitter, 41, 52, 121, 172 Signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), 24, 110 directional, 161 Signaling, 53, 203 NG-PON1, 66 in-band, 55 splitting loss, 42, 69 Silence suppression, 153 Splitting ratio, 45, 65 Simulated annealing, 138 Spread OFDM (SOFDM), 100 Single carrier (SC), 86 Standard definition television (SDTV), 12 Single carrier access (SCa), 86 STBC, 81, 172 Single-carrier modulation HT WLAN, 81 carrierless amplitude phase (CAP), 18 Storage, 126 Single-mode fiber (SMF), 117, 130 STQ, 189 SINR, 104 Subcarrier SLA, 57, 61, 200 OFDMA, 71 Sleep state, 202 Subcarrier multiple access (SCMA), 42 Sliding window, 163 Subcarrier multiplexing (SCM), 45, 134 Small and medium enterprise (SME), 5 Substitute technology, 10 Smart grid, 207 Supervision, 67 blackout, 210 Survivability, 171, 173, 211, 213 brownout, 210 carrier-class, 171 communications infrastructure, 209 Sustainability, 211 demand peaks, 214, 216 SVC, 38 demand response, 208 universal mobile telecommunications system distributed energy resource (DER), 208 (UMTS), 38 energy storage, 215 Sweet spot, 146 off-peak pricing, 214 Switch, 143, 213 renewable energy source, 208 Switching, 161 intermittent, 215 Synchronization, 22, 42, 67, 189 scheduling EPON, 54 inter-home, 214, 215 intra-home, 214, 215 T-CONT, 49, 50 smart meter, 215 T1/E1 leased lines, 17 time-of-use pricing, 215 Tabu search, 141 Smart home, 23 Take-rate, 14 Smart meter, 213, 215 TC-PAM, 17 SME, 5 TCO, 147 SMF, 117, 118, 123, 130 captical expenditures (CAPEX), 147 SMS, 30 operational expenditures (OPEX), 147

Index 251

TCP, 192, 201 Trellis coded pulse amplitude modulation TD-SCDMA, 98 (TC-PAM), 17 LTE, 98 Trenching, 150 TDD, 86, 98 Triple-play traffic, 12, 48, 156 LTE, 98 Troubleshooting, 147 WiMAX, 86 Trust relationship, 213 TDM, 42, 48, 53, 66, 136, 141, 159, 171 TS, 80 dual-speed, 64 TSPEC, 80 high-speed TDM PON, 171 Twisted pair, 11 TDM/WDM PON, 164 TXOP, 78 TDMA, 30, 71, 198 HCF general packet radio service (GPRS), 30 WLAN, 78 Techno-economic comparison, 146 Telemedicine, 4 Ubiquity, 146 Telework, 4, 113, 211 UCC, 4 Terrestrial networks, 28 UDP, 153, 192 TFF, 144 UGC, 4 Thin film filter (TFF), 144 Ultra-wideband (UWB), 24, 114 TID, 80, 190 UMTS, 6, 35, 105, 118 Time division duplex (TDD), 86, 98 Undersea fiber systems, 30 Time division multiple access (TDMA), 30, 198 Universal mobile telecommunications system Time division multiplexing (TDM), 42, 48, 53, 66, (UMTS), 6, 35, 105, 118 136, 141, 159, 171 Unshielded twisted pair (UTP), 15 Time division-synchronous code division multiple Uplink transmission time (UTT), 83 access (TD-SCDMA), 98 User assignment, 139 Time-of-use pricing, 215 User datagram protocol (UDP), 153, 192 Timeout, 119 User-created content (UCC), 4 Topology User-driven innovation, 4 logical, 125 User-generated content (UGC), 4 tree-and-branch, 173 Utility-supplied computing, 126 Topology discovery, 134 UTP, 15 Total cost of network ownership (TCO), 147 UTT, 83 Traffic UWB, 24, 114 best-effort, 204, 205 bursty, 51 VCSEL, 118, 130 real-time, 204 tunable, 122 Traffic class mapping, 131, 188 VDSL, 12, 14, 16, 18 Traffic container (T-CONT), 49 backhaul, 14 Traffic identifier (TID), 80, 190 cost comparison, 146 Traffic shaper, 188 frequency division duplex (FDD), 19 Traffic shaping, 131 modulation, 19 Traffic specification (TSPEC), 80 VDSL2, 19 Traffic stream (TS), 80 Vertical cavity surface emitting laser Transceiver (VCSEL), 118, 130 tunable, 142 Vertical integration, 213 Transformer, 209, 213 Very high-throughput (VHT WLAN), 84 Transmission control protocol (TCP), 192, 201 VHT WLAN, 84, 173 Transmission opportunity (TXOP), 78 Video Transmission range, 191 analog Transmit diversity, 98 NTSC, 46 Transmitter PAL, 46 burst-mode, 122 SECAM, 46 tunable, 143 digital Transparency, 41, 117 n-QAM, 46 Transport, 211 n-VSB, 46 Transportation, 217 high definition (HD), 123 Tree-and-branch topology, 173 standard definition (SD), 123

252 Index

Video codec, 192 Wide-band code division multiple access Video distribution band, 64 (WCDMA), 98 Video on demand (VoD), 3 Wideband code division multiple access Video streaming (WCDMA), 6, 117 high-definition (HD), 84 WiFi, 75, 114, 142 Virtual root mesh point (VRMP), 190 alliance, 75 VoD, 3 cost comparison, 147 HDTV, 12 mesh network, 106, 138, 160 Voice codec, 153, 192 WiMAX, 6, 7, 86, 114, 119, 120, 139, 146, 203, Voice over Internet protocol (VoIP), 5, 22, 35, 101, 210, 211 195 connection-oriented, 120 Voiceband modem, 15 EPON integration, 130 VoIP, 5, 12, 22, 35, 93, 101, 195 fixed, 88, 105, 110, 204 Voltage regulator, 213 forum, 86 VRMP, 190 Gigabit, 95 selection mesh network, 110, 138 MAP neighborhood, 194 mobile, 10, 89, 204 maximum connections, 194 multihop relay, 93 next-generation, 156 WAN, 3, 51 OFDM, 86 Waveband allocation, 63 OFDMA, 86 Waveband selector, 70 outdoor unit (ODU), 203 SC, 86 Wavelength add-drop multiplexer, 134 SCa, 86 Wavelength allocation, 47 scheduler, 153 enhancement band, 47 sensor, 214 L-band, 48 ultra-high-bandwidth, 148 Wavelength conversion, 135 Wind farm, 207 parametric, 143 Wind turbine, 215 Wavelength demultiplexer, 69 Wireless fidelity (WiFi), 75 Wavelength division multiple access (WDMA), 42 Wireless local area network (WLAN), 32, 75, 105, Wavelength division multiplexing (WDM), 52, 66, 117, 130, 165, 172, 187, 198, 204 129, 141, 159, 171, 204, 211 Wireless mesh network (WMN), 105, 115, 127, 138, Wavelength multiplexer, 69, 70 172, 187, 204 Wavelength reservation, 143 Wireless metropolitan area network Wavelength router, 143 (WMAN), 86, 105 Wavelength-selective switch (WSS), 143 Wireless sensor network (WSN), 210 WCDMA, 6, 98, 117 WLAN, 32, 75, 105, 117, 118, 123, 130, 165, 172, WCETT, 109 187, 198, 202, 204 WDM, 52, 66, 129, 141, 159, 164, 204, 211 access point (AP), 173 coarse wavelength division multiplexing direct link protocol (DLP), 79 (CWDM), 48, 69 distributed coordination function (DCF), 119 coupler, 45 ACK timeout, 119 dense wavelength division multiplexing DCF interframe space (DIFS), 119 (DWDM), 66, 69 GPRS, 32 EPON, 131, 162 high-throughput, 81, 125 overlay, 64 network allocation vector (NAV), 78 PON, 143, 171 OFDM, 75 WDM PON, 143, 167 retransmission attempt, 119 wavelength-routing, 162 very high throughput (VHT), 172 WDMA, 42 WMA, 196, 198 Website hosting, 5 WMAN, 86, 105 Weighted cumulative ETT (WCETT), 109 WMN, 105, 115, 123, 127, 136, 144, 187, 204 Weighted fair queueing (WFQ), 61 AODV, 106 Weighted moving average (WMA), 196 capacity, 191 WFQ, 61 DO, 108 Wide area network (WAN), 3, 51 DSDV, 107

Index 253

ETT, 109 Worldwide interoperability for microwave access ETX, 109 (WiMAX), 6, 86 GPS, 108 WSN, 210 HLCR, 109 WSS, 143 HPMCL, 109 HWMP, 106 XAM, 121 MAP, 107 xDSL MDA, 109 cost comparison, 147 MDAOP, 109 XG-PON, 66 asymmetric, 66 MIC, 109 burst-mode transceiver, 67 MP, 107 dispersion, 67 MPP, 107 long-reach PERR, 108 pre- and post-ampliﬁcation, 67 PREP, 107 symmetric, 66 PREQ, 107 XG-PON1, 66 RANN, 108 XG-PON2, 66 RM-AODV, 109 XOR, 161 WCETT, 109 pairwise coding, 162 WiFi, 106, 138 XPM, 121 WiMAX, 105, 110, 138 SNR, 110 ZigBee, 213 ZRP, 106 Zone routing protocol (ZRP), 106 Work–life balance, 4 ZRP, 106