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Addis Ababa University College of Social Sciences ADDIS ABABA UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF SOCIAL SCIENCES DEPARTMENT OF SOCIAL ANTHROPOLOGY NATURAL RESOURCES USE CONFLICT IN WILDLIFE PROTECTED AREA: THE CASE OF ABIJATA-SHALLA LAKES NATIONAL PARK, WEST ARSI ZONE, OROMIA REGIONAL STATE, ETHIOPIA BY: JEMANESH KASSAW MA THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE DEPARTMENT OF SOCIAL ANTHROPOLOGY PRESENTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF ARTS IN SOCIAL ANTHROPOLOGY MAY, 2020 ADDIS ABABA, ETHIOPIA ADDIS ABABA UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF GRADUATE STUDIES NATURAL RESOURCES USE CONFLICT IN WILDLIFE PROTECTED AREA: THE CASE OF ABIJATA-SHALLA LAKES NATIONAL PARK, WEST ARSI ZONE, OROMIA REGIONAL STATE, ETHIOPIA THIS THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE SCHOOL OF GRADUATE STUDIES OF ADDIS ABABA UNIVERSITY IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF ART IN SOCIAL ANTHROPOLOGY BY: JEMEANESH KASSAW ADVISOR: GETACHEW SENISHAW (Ph.D.) MAY, 2020 ADDIS ABABA, ETHIOPIA Addis Ababa University School of Graduate Studies Department of Social Anthropology This is to certify that the thesis prepared by Jemanesh Kassaw Mekonnen titled: Natural Resources Use Conflict in Wildlife Protected Area: the Case of Abijata-Shalla Lakes National Park, West Arsi Zone, Oromia Regional State,Ethiopiaand submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements of the Degree of Master of Arts in Social Anthropology. The thesis complies with the regulations of the university and meets the accepted standards. Approved By Boards of Examiners and Advisor Internal Examiner Signature Date ________________________________________________________________ External Examiner Signature Date _______________________________________________________________ Advisor Signature Date ADDIS ABABA UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF GRADUATE STUDIES DECLARATION I declare that this thesis entitled: Natural Resources Use Conflict in Wildlife Protected Area: the Case of Abijata-Shalla Lakes National Park, West Arsi Zone, Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia is my original work and has not been publishedby any other person except where proper citation and due acknowledgement has been made. This is a true copy of the thesis. Jemanesh Kassaw Mekonnen Signature___________________ Date____________________ Addis Ababa University Acknowledgement I am very much thankful to my advisor Dr. Getachew Senishaw for his commitment, motivation and valuable advice from the beginning of the research proposal up to the completion of this thesis. I would also like to acknowledge the Ethiopian Wildlife Conservation Authority for giving me this opportunity and for its financial support and also I want to express my grateful thanks to Abijata-Shalla Lakes National Park staffs for their collaboration and facilitation of the study.. I would like to thank to individual informants and participants of the discussion that devoted their time and for sharing of their perspectives and valuable information about the study and also I would like warm thank to Negelle Arsi woreada Culture and Tourism office, Negelle Arsi woreada leaders, Adami Tulu Jido Combolcha Woreda administration office and kebeles leaders. I would also like to say the same thing to my colleagues for their support. Above all, I want to thank the Omnipotent God who strengthened me throughout my career. Contents List of Pictures................................................................................................................................. VII List of Tables .................................................................................................................................. VIII List of Maps .................................................................................................................................... VIII Glossary of Local Terms .................................................................................................................. X Abstract ............................................................................................................................................. XII CHAPTER ONE ................................................................................................................................. 13 1. INTRODUCTION ....................................................................................................................... 13 1.1. Background of the Study .................................................................................................... 13 1.2. Statement of the Problem ................................................................................................... 15 1.3. Objectives of the Study ....................................................................................................... 18 1.3.1. General Objective ....................................................................................................... 18 1.3.2. Specific Objectives. ..................................................................................................... 18 1.4. Research Questions ............................................................................................................. 18 1.5. Delimitation of the study .................................................................................................... 18 1.6. Research Methodology ....................................................................................................... 18 1.6.1. Study Design ................................................................................................................ 19 1.6.2. Study Population ......................................................................................................... 19 1.6.3. Sources of Data ............................................................................................................ 19 1.7. Data Collection Methods and Instruments ....................................................................... 20 1.7.1. In-Depth Interview ...................................................................................................... 20 1.7.2. Key Informant Interview ............................................................................................ 20 1.7.3. Focus Group Discussion ............................................................................................. 21 1.7.4. Observation ................................................................................................................. 21 1.8. Sampling Techniques .......................................................................................................... 22 1.9. Method of Data Analysis and Interpretation.................................................................... 22 1.10. Ethical Considerations .................................................................................................... 23 1.11. Significance of the Study ................................................................................................ 23 1.12. Organization of the Thesis ............................................................................................. 24 2. REVIEW LITERATURE........................................................................................................... 25 2.1. Definition of Terms and Concepts ..................................................................................... 25 2.2. Related Empirical Studies .................................................................................................. 26 2.3. The Selection of Criteria for Protected Area .................................................................... 29 2.4. The Growth of Protected Areas ......................................................................................... 30 2.5. Development of Protected Area Management in Ethiopia .............................................. 31 2.6. Community- Based Natural Resource Use Conflict in Protected Areas ........................ 33 2.7. Challenges of Protected are in Ethiopia ............................................................................ 35 2.8. Resettlement, Livelihoods and Subsistence Change ........................................................ 36 2.9. Ownership of Natural resources in Protected Area ......................................................... 37 2.10. Importance of Protected Area........................................................................................ 37 2.11. The Link between Culture and Protected Area ........................................................... 38 2.12. Biodiversity Conservation .............................................................................................. 39 2.13. Management of Protected area in Anthropological Perspectives ............................... 40 2.14. Theoretical Framework .................................................................................................. 41 2.14.1. Malthus Theory ........................................................................................................... 41 2.14.2. Ecological Anthropology ............................................................................................ 42 2.14.3. Cultural Ecology Theory ............................................................................................ 43 2.14.4. Fortress Conservation Models and Community- Based Conservation .................. 44 3. DESCRIPTION OF THE STUDY AREA AND THE COMMUNITY .................................. 48 3.1. The Geographical Setting and Population ........................................................................ 48 3.2. Climate ................................................................................................................................
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