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Evaluation of Lepidoptera Population Suppression by Radiation Induced Sterility

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Evaluation of Lepidoptera Population Suppression by Radiation Induced Sterility IAEA-TECDOC-1283 Evaluation of Lepidoptera population suppression by radiation induced sterility Proceedings of a final Research Co-ordination Meeting organized by the Joint FAO/IAEA Division of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture and held in Penang, Malaysia, 28 May–2 June 1998 April 2002 The originating Section of this publication in the IAEA was: Insect Pest Control Section International Atomic Energy Agency Wagramer Strasse 5 P.O. Box 100 A-1400 Vienna, Austria EVALUATION OF LEPIDOPTERA POPULATION SUPPRESSION BY IRRADIATION IAEA, VIENNA, 2002 IAEA-TECDOC-1283 ISSN 1011–4289 © IAEA, 2002 Printed by the IAEA in Austria April 2002 FOREWORD This publication results from the second FAO/IAEA Research Co-ordination Project (CRP) on Inherited Sterility in Lepidoptera (caterpillars of moths). The present CRP and a previous one entitled “Radiation Induced F1 Sterility in Lepidoptera for Area-Wide Control” were initiated in response to requests from Member States for the development of environment friendly alternatives to current control of moth pests. The first five-year CRP (1987–1991) dealt primarily with aspects such as determining the effects of various radiation dose levels on the resulting sterility in the treated parents and their F1 progeny in different Lepidoptera species. In addition, models were developed on the suppressive effects of F1 sterility on field populations, and some studies were conducted in laboratory or field cages to assess the impact of inherited sterility on pest suppression. The research results were published in 1993 in the IAEA Panel Proceedings Series. This follow-up CRP (1994–1998) has built on the results of the first CRP and has focused on addressing a more challenging phase, consisting of rearing key pest moths and evaluating their application for pest control purposes. The specific objective of the CRP was therefore to assess the potential of suppressing populations of caterpillar pests in the field by inherited sterility methods, i.e. by rearing and releasing irradiated moths and/or their progeny in combination with other biological control methods. The ultimate goal is to have alternative environment-friendly control methods available to be able to reduce the vast quantities of insecticide that are used in agriculture to combat Lepidoptera pests and that adversely affect the trade balance of developing countries because they must use hard currency to import them. The two FAO/IAEA sponsored Lepidoptera CRPs have resulted in expanded research and implementation programmes on F1 sterility in combination with natural enemies. Such programmes are under way in Tunisia for suppression of the carob moth, Ectomyelois ceratoniae, and on the island of Mauritius for control of the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella. F1 sterility programmes for other Lepidopteran pest species also are being considered in other countries. This TECDOC was prepared by S. Bloem, USA, with assistance from J.E. Carpenter, USA. The IAEA officer responsible for this publication was J. Hendrichs of the Joint FAO/IAEA Division of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture. EDITORIAL NOTE This publication has been prepared from the original material as submitted by the authors. The views expressed do not necessarily reflect those of the IAEA, the governments of the nominating Member States or the nominating organizations. The use of particular designations of countries or territories does not imply any judgement by the publisher, the IAEA, as to the legal status of such countries or territories, of their authorities and institutions or of the delimitation of their boundaries. The mention of names of specific companies or products (whether or not indicated as registered) does not imply any intention to infringe proprietary rights, nor should it be construed as an endorsement or recommendation on the part of the IAEA. The authors are responsible for having obtained the necessary permission for the IAEA to reproduce, translate or use material from sources already protected by copyrights. CONTENTS SUMMARY................................................................................................................................1 Observations on the growth parameters of Spilosoma obliqua (Lepidoptera: Arctiidae) reared on artificial diets and reproductive competence of this irradiated pest and its progeny.....................................................................7 R. Rahman, M.M. Rahman, S. Islam, R. Huque Growth, development, reproductive competence and adult behaviour of Spodoptera litura (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) reared on different diets .....................................15 R.K. Seth, V.P. Sharma Cotton bollworm, Helicoverpa armigera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae): large scale rearing and the effect of gamma radiation on selected life history parameters of this pest in China ....................................................................................................................................23 Lu Daguang, Liu Xiaohui, Hu Jiangguo, Wang Endong, He Qiulan, Li Yongjun The effects of radiation on the biology and reproduction of Helicoverpa armigera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) .....................................................................................................29 V. Ramos Ocampo, J.B. de Leon Radiation-induced substerility of Ostrinia furnacalis (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) integrated with the release of Trichogramma ostriniae (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) for area-wide control..................................................................................................................37 H.S. Wang, Q.R. Liu, D.G. Lu, E.D. Wang, W. Kang, X.H. Liu, Y.J. Li, Q.L. He, H.Q. Zhang The effect of substerilizing doses of gamma radiation on the pupae of the carob moth Ectomyelois ceratoniae (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)................................................................43 M.H. Dhouibi, C.T. Abderahmane Suppression of oriental fruit moth (Grapholita molesta, Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) populations using the sterile insect technique......................................................................49 N. Genchev Effects of gamma radiation on codling moth (Cydia pomonella, Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) fertility and reproductive behaviour.................................................................61 M. Mansour Feasibility of integrating radiation-induced F1 sterility and biological control for population suppression of the pink bollworm, Pectinophora gossypiella, in Pakistan........69 N. Ahmad, M. Ashraf, T. Hussain, Z.A. Qureshi Integration of pheromones and biological control for the management of cotton bollworms in Pakistan ..........................................................................................................81 N. Ahmad, M. Ashraf, T. Hussain, B. Fatima The use of gamma radiation to control two serious pests of Brazilian agriculture...................85 V. Arthur, F.M. Wiendl, T.A. Wiendl, J.A.D. Aguilar The use of F1 sterility and parasitoids for population suppression of Lepidopteran pests of crucifers in Indonesia.......................................................................................................93 Singgih Sutrisno Apu Field trials in South China to control the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) using radiation-induced sterility ..............................................101 R. Yang, D. Xia, W. Gu, Y. Zhang Potential use of F1 sterility and the parasitoid, Cotesia plutellae, to control diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella, in Myanmar...............................................................................109 N. Maung APPENDIX 1: SCIENTIFIC PUBLICATIONS FROM RCM PARTICIPANTS RESULTING FROM WORK ASSOCIATED WITH THEIR RESEARCH PROJECT .............................................................................111 BIBLIOGRAPHY...................................................................................................................113 LIST OF PARTICIPANTS.....................................................................................................119 SUMMARY Lepidopteran species are the most important pests of major annual and perennial crops, forests, and stored products throughout the world. More than 25% of the species that appear on a list of the 300 most important exotic insects that threaten the USA are in the order Lepidoptera. In a supplement to that list, where the 30 most serious threats to agriculture are named, 50% of the species are lepidopterans. Unfortunately, control of Lepidopteran pests worldwide is achieved almost entirely through the use of synthetic insecticides. This dependence on insecticides has contributed to the development of insecticide resistance in many of the most serious pests. Relevant examples include the codling moth, Cydia pomonella (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) and the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae), where resistance has developed even against the microbial insecticide Bacillus thuringiensis. Heavy reliance and frequent indiscriminate use of pesticides has also resulted in pesticide residues in food and has had a significant negative impact on the environment. Of particular importance to agriculture is the destruction of crop pollinators and other of beneficial insects — parasites and predators that maintain secondary pests under control. Development of alternative tactics to the use of insecticides alone is therefore a major emphasis of most local, national and international research organizations concerned with pest control.
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