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Theropod Composition of Early Late Cretaceous Faunas from Central
CORE Metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk Provided by Repository of the Academy's Library 1 Feeding related characters in basal pterosaurs: implications for jaw mechanism, dental function and diet RH: Feeding related characters in pterosaurs Attila Ősi A comparative study of various feeding related features in basal pterosaurs reveals a significant change in feeding strategies during the early evolutionary history of the group. These features are related to the skull architecture (e.g. quadrate morphology and orientation, jaw joint), dentition (e.g. crown morphology, wear patterns), reconstructed adductor musculature, and postcranium. The most basal pterosaurs (Preondactylus, dimorphodontids and anurognathids) were small bodied animals with a wing span no greater than 1.5 m, a relatively short, lightly constructed skull, straight mandibles with a large gape, sharply pointed teeth and well developed external adductors. The absence of extended tooth wear excludes complex oral food processing and indicates that jaw closure was simply orthal. Features of these basalmost forms indicate a predominantly insectivorous diet. Among stratigraphically older but more derived forms (Eudimorphodon, Carniadactylus, Caviramus) complex, multicusped teeth allowed the consumption of a wider variety of prey via a more effective form of food processing. This is supported by heavy dental wear in all forms with multicusped teeth. Typical piscivorous forms occurred no earlier than the Early Jurassic, and are characterized by widely spaced, enlarged procumbent teeth forming a fish grab and an anteriorly inclined quadrate that permitted only a relatively small gape. In addition, the skull became more elongate and body size 2 increased. Besides the dominance of piscivory, dental morphology and the scarcity of tooth wear reflect accidental dental occlusion that could have been caused by the capturing or seasonal consumption of harder food items. -
Dome-Headed, Small-Brained Island Mammal from the Late Cretaceous of Romania
Dome-headed, small-brained island mammal from the Late Cretaceous of Romania Zoltán Csiki-Savaa,1, Mátyás Vremirb, Jin Mengc, Stephen L. Brusatted, and Mark A. Norellc aLaboratory of Paleontology, Faculty of Geology and Geophysics, University of Bucharest, 010041 Bucharest, Romania; bDepartment of Natural Sciences, Transylvanian Museum Society, 400009 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; cDivision of Paleontology, American Museum of Natural History, New York, NY 10024; and dSchool of GeoSciences, Grant Institute, University of Edinburgh, EH9 3FE Edinburgh, United Kingdom Edited by Neil H. Shubin, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, and approved March 26, 2018 (received for review January 20, 2018) The island effect is a well-known evolutionary phenomenon, in describe the anatomy of kogaionids in detail, include them in a which island-dwelling species isolated in a resource-limited envi- comprehensive phylogenetic analysis, estimate their body sizes, ronment often modify their size, anatomy, and behaviors compared and present a reconstruction of their brain and sense organs. with mainland relatives. This has been well documented in modern This species exhibits several features that we interpret as re- and Cenozoic mammals, but it remains unclear whether older, more lated to its insular habitat, most notably a brain that is sub- primitive Mesozoic mammals responded in similar ways to island stantially reduced in size compared with close relatives and habitats. We describe a reasonably complete and well-preserved skeleton of a kogaionid, an enigmatic radiation of Cretaceous island- mainland contemporaries, demonstrating that some Mesozoic dwelling multituberculate mammals previously represented by frag- mammals were susceptible to the island effect like in more mentary fossils. -
Petreᅤ゚ti-Arini ¬タモ an Important but Ephemeral Upper Cretaceous
Cretaceous Research 49 (2014) 13e38 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Cretaceous Research journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/CretRes Petres¸ ti-Arini e An important but ephemeral Upper Cretaceous continental vertebrate site in the southwestern Transylvanian Basin, Romania Mátyás Vremir a, Ramona Balc b, Zoltán Csiki-Sava c,*, Stephen L. Brusatte d, Gareth Dyke e, Darren Naish e, Mark A. Norell f a Department of Natural Sciences, Transylvanian Museum Society, 2-4 Napoca Street, 400009 Cluj-Napoca, Romania b Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Babes¸ -Bolyai University, 30 Fântânele Street, 400294 Cluj-Napoca, Romania c Department of Geology, Faculty of Geology and Geophysics, University of Bucharest, 1 N. Balcescu Blvd., 010041 Bucharest, Romania d School of GeoSciences, University of Edinburgh, Grant Institute, The King’s Buildings, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JW, UK e Ocean and Earth Sciences, National Oceanography Centre, University of Southampton, European Way, Southampton SO13 3ZH, UK f Division of Paleontology, American Museum of Natural History, Central Park West at 79th Street, New York, NY 10024, USA article info abstract Article history: The Transylvanian region of Romania preserves some of the most unusual and iconic dinosaurs in the Received 15 December 2013 global fossil record, including dwarfed herbivores and aberrant carnivores that lived during the very Accepted in revised form 3 February 2014 latest Cretaceous (Maastrichtian) in an ancient island ecosystem (the Hat¸ eg Island). A series of artificial Available online 28 February 2014 outcrops recently exposed during a hydroelectric project, the Petres¸ ti-Arini section near Sebes¸ in the Transylvanian Basin, records a 400þ meter sequence documenting the transition from fully marine to Keywords: terrestrial environments during the CampanianeMaastrichtian. -
Analyzing Pterosaur Ontogeny and Sexual Dimorphism with Multivariate Allometry Erick Charles Anderson [email protected]
Marshall University Marshall Digital Scholar Theses, Dissertations and Capstones 2016 Analyzing Pterosaur Ontogeny and Sexual Dimorphism with Multivariate Allometry Erick Charles Anderson [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: http://mds.marshall.edu/etd Part of the Animal Sciences Commons, Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Commons, and the Paleontology Commons Recommended Citation Anderson, Erick Charles, "Analyzing Pterosaur Ontogeny and Sexual Dimorphism with Multivariate Allometry" (2016). Theses, Dissertations and Capstones. 1031. http://mds.marshall.edu/etd/1031 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by Marshall Digital Scholar. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses, Dissertations and Capstones by an authorized administrator of Marshall Digital Scholar. For more information, please contact [email protected], [email protected]. ANALYZING PTEROSAUR ONTOGENY AND SEXUAL DIMORPHISM WITH MULTIVARIATE ALLOMETRY A thesis submitted to the Graduate College of Marshall University In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Biological Sciences by Erick Charles Anderson Approved by Dr. Frank R. O’Keefe, Committee Chairperson Dr. Suzanne Strait Dr. Andy Grass Marshall University May 2016 i ii ii Erick Charles Anderson ALL RIGHTS RESERVED iii Acknowledgments I would like to thank Dr. F. Robin O’Keefe for his guidance and advice during my three years at Marshall University. His past research and experience with reptile evolution made this research possible. I would also like to thank Dr. Andy Grass for his advice during the course of the research. I would like to thank my fellow graduate students Donald Morgan and Tiffany Aeling for their support, encouragement, and advice in the lab and bar during our two years working together. -
Klinghardt, F. (1941) Beobachtungen an Flugsauriern. Paläontologische Zeitschrift , 4, 250- 258
Klinghardt, F. (1941) Beobachtungen an Flugsauriern. Paläontologische Zeitschrift , 4, 250- 258. Observations on Pterosaurs by F. Klinghardt, Berlin, 1941 (with 1 text figure and plates 14-16) Preliminary Remarks Interest in pterosaurs has always been great and it has become even greater since BROILI (A Dorygnathus with Skin Fossils, Sitz. Ber. d. Bayr. Akad. d. Wissensch., Jahrg. 1939, p. 129) was able to prove the presence of hair in these animals. DÖDERLEIN (On Rhamphorhynchus etc. On Anurognathus etc. A Pterodactylus with throat pouch and swimming membrane. Ebenda 1929, p. 1-175) gave us information regarding the throat pouch and a large number of particular anatomical points. However, many questions have to be answered and O. KUHN is quite correct when he writes in The Fossil Reptiles p. 119: "In the structure of the skull many close analogies with birds can be observed and these certainly merit further investigation." The conclusion that these most specialised of all reptiles were "warm- blooded" would certainly be rather precipitate. A Pterodactylus scolopaciceps preserved in almost natural position Herm. v. Meyer (Pl. 14, fig. 1 and 2) (Original in Berlin Geological-Palaeontological Institute and Museum) Preliminary Remarks: This specimen is very well preserved. In this paper the organs which seem particularly important to the author are emphasised. The specimen was found in the White Jura of Solnhofen. The Preparation: On the whole, excellent. Above the braincase, level with the occiput, it has unfortunately been scratched; perhaps there are also preparation faults in the neck area, so that the originally present cervical skin was removed accidentally. -
Universitatea “ Babeş – Bolyai “ Cluj
“ BABEŞ - BOLYAI “ UNIVERSITY, CLUJ - NAPOCA FACULTY OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING UPPER CRETACEOUS CONTINENTAL VERTEBRATE ASSEMBLAGES FROM METALIFERI SEDIMENTARY AREA: SYSTEMATICS, PALEOECOLOGY AND PALEOBIOGEOGRAPHY PhD THESIS - ABSTRACT - Scientific advisor: PhD Student: Prof. Dr. CODREA VLAD JIPA CĂTĂLIN-CONSTANTIN 2012 CLUJ-NAPOCA SUMMARY Chapter 1 - Introduction ................................................................................................. 1 Chapter 2 - Geological setting ........................................................................................ 3 Chapter 3 - Evolution of the knowledge on the Uppermost Cretaceous vertebrates in Romania ............................................................................................................................ 8 Chapter 4 - Systematic paleontology ............................................................................ 12 Chapter 5 - Taphonomy ................................................................................................ 19 Chapter 6 - Paleoecology ............................................................................................... 22 Chapter 7 - Paleoebiogeography ................................................................................... 29 Chapter 8 - Conclusions ................................................................................................ 31 Selected references ......................................................................................................... 36 Upper Cretaceous -
Reconstructing the Late Cretaceous Haţeg Palaeoecosystem
Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 293 (2010) 265–270 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/palaeo Preface An island of dwarfs — Reconstructing the Late Cretaceous Haţeg palaeoecosystem Zoltan Csiki a,⁎, Michael J. Benton b a Department of Geology and Geophysics, University of Bucharest, Bd. N. Bălcescu 1, RO-010041 Bucharest, Romania b Department of Earth Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1RJ, UK article info abstract Article history: The Cretaceous was a special time in the evolution of terrestrial ecosystems, and yet the record from Europe Received 3 February 2010 in particular is patchy. This special issue brings together results of multidisciplinary investigations on the Received in revised form 4 May 2010 Late Cretaceous Haţeg area in southwestern Romania, and its continental fossil assemblage, with the aim of Accepted 25 May 2010 exploring an exceptional palaeoecosystem from the European Late Cretaceous. The Haţeg dinosaurs, which Available online 1 June 2010 seem unusually small, have become especially well known as some of the few latest Cretaceous dinosaurs from Europe, comparable with faunas from the south of France and Spain, and preserved at a time when Keywords: Cretaceous most of Europe was under the Chalk Seas. Eastern Europe then, at a time of exceptionally high sea level, was Tetrapods an archipelago of islands, some of them inhabited, but none so extraordinary as Haţeg. If Haţeg truly was an Dinosaurs island (and this is debated), the apparently small dinosaurs might well be dwarfs, as enunciated over Island dwarfing 100 years ago by the colourful Baron Franz Nopcsa, discoverer of the faunas. -
Pterosaur Distribution in Time and Space: an Atlas 61
Zitteliana An International Journal of Palaeontology and Geobiology Series B/Reihe B Abhandlungen der Bayerischen Staatssammlung für Pa lä on to lo gie und Geologie B28 DAVID W. E. HONE & ERIC BUFFETAUT (Eds) Flugsaurier: pterosaur papers in honour of Peter Wellnhofer CONTENTS/INHALT Dedication 3 PETER WELLNHOFER A short history of pterosaur research 7 KEVIN PADIAN Were pterosaur ancestors bipedal or quadrupedal?: Morphometric, functional, and phylogenetic considerations 21 DAVID W. E. HONE & MICHAEL J. BENTON Contrasting supertree and total-evidence methods: the origin of the pterosaurs 35 PAUL M. BARRETT, RICHARD J. BUTLER, NICHOLAS P. EDWARDS & ANDREW R. MILNER Pterosaur distribution in time and space: an atlas 61 LORNA STEEL The palaeohistology of pterosaur bone: an overview 109 S. CHRISTOPHER BENNETT Morphological evolution of the wing of pterosaurs: myology and function 127 MARK P. WITTON A new approach to determining pterosaur body mass and its implications for pterosaur fl ight 143 MICHAEL B. HABIB Comparative evidence for quadrupedal launch in pterosaurs 159 ROSS A. ELGIN, CARLOS A. GRAU, COLIN PALMER, DAVID W. E. HONE, DOUGLAS GREENWELL & MICHAEL J. BENTON Aerodynamic characters of the cranial crest in Pteranodon 167 DAVID M. MARTILL & MARK P. WITTON Catastrophic failure in a pterosaur skull from the Cretaceous Santana Formation of Brazil 175 MARTIN LOCKLEY, JERALD D. HARRIS & LAURA MITCHELL A global overview of pterosaur ichnology: tracksite distribution in space and time 185 DAVID M. UNWIN & D. CHARLES DEEMING Pterosaur eggshell structure and its implications for pterosaur reproductive biology 199 DAVID M. MARTILL, MARK P. WITTON & ANDREW GALE Possible azhdarchoid pterosaur remains from the Coniacian (Late Cretaceous) of England 209 TAISSA RODRIGUES & ALEXANDER W. -
New Information on the Tapejaridae (Pterosauria, Pterodactyloidea) and Discussion of the Relationships of This Clade
AMEGHINIANA (Rev. Asoc. Paleontol. Argent.) - 41 (4): 521-534. Buenos Aires, 30-12-2004 ISSN 0002-7014 New information on the Tapejaridae (Pterosauria, Pterodactyloidea) and discussion of the relationships of this clade Alexander Wilhelm Armin KELLNER1 Abstract. A phylogenetic analysis indicates that the Tapejaridae is a monophyletic group of pterodactyloid pterosaurs, diagnosed by the following synapomorphies: premaxillary sagittal crest that starts at the anterior tip of the premaxilla and extends posteriorly after the occipital region, large nasoantorbital fenestra that reaches over 45% of the length between premaxilla and squamosal, lacrimal process of the jugal thin, distinct small pear- shaped orbit with lower portion narrow, and broad tubercle at the ventroposterior margin of the coracoid. Several cranial and postcranial characters indicate that the Tapejaridae are well nested within the Tapejaroidea, in sister group relationship with the Azhdarchidae. A preliminary study of the ingroup relationships within the Tapejaridae shows that Tupuxuara is more closely related to Thalassodromeus relative to Tapejara. At present tape- jarid remains have been found in the following deposits: Crato and Romualdo members of the Santana Formation (Aptian-Albian), Araripe Basin, Brazil; Jiufotang Formation (Aptian), Jehol Group of western Liaoning, China; and in the redbeds (Cenomanian) of the Kem Kem region, Morocco. An incomplete skull found in the Javelina Formation (Maastrichtian), Texas also shows several tapejarid features and might be a member of this clade. Although information is still limited, the present distribution of the Tapejaridae indicates that this clade of pterosaurs was not exclusive of Gondwana, and was more widespread than previously known. Resumen. NUEVA INFORMACIÓN SOBRE LOS TAPEJARIDAE (PTEROSAURIA, PTERODACTYLOIDEA) Y DISCUSIÓN SOBRE LAS RELACIONES DE ESTE CLADO. -
This Article Appeared in a Journal Published by Elsevier. the Attached
This article appeared in a journal published by Elsevier. The attached copy is furnished to the author for internal non-commercial research and education use, including for instruction at the authors institution and sharing with colleagues. Other uses, including reproduction and distribution, or selling or licensing copies, or posting to personal, institutional or third party websites are prohibited. In most cases authors are permitted to post their version of the article (e.g. in Word or Tex form) to their personal website or institutional repository. Authors requiring further information regarding Elsevier’s archiving and manuscript policies are encouraged to visit: http://www.elsevier.com/copyright Author's personal copy Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 293 (2010) 391–405 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/palaeo More than just Nopcsa's Transylvanian dinosaurs: A look outside the Haţeg Basin Vlad Codrea a,⁎, Matei Vremir b,Cătălin Jipa b, Pascal Godefroit c, Zoltán Csiki d, Thierry Smith c, Cristina Fărcaş b a University Babeş-Bolyai Cluj-Napoca, Faculty of Biology and Geology, 1 Kogălniceanu Str., 400084, Cluj-Napoca, Romania b University Babeş-Bolyai Cluj-Napoca, Faculty of Environment Science, Romania c Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles, Bruxelles, Belgium d University of Bucharest, Faculty of Geology and Geophysics, Laboratory of Paleontology, Romania article info abstract Article history: Since the end of the 19th century the notorious palaeontologist Baron Nopcsa reported several Late Received 12 December 2008 Cretaceous small-sized dinosaurs in the Haţeg Basin. He explained their sizes as the consequence of unusual Received in revised form 22 October 2009 evolution on an island he named the “Haţeg Island”. -
A Fast-Growing Basal Troodontid (Dinosauria: Theropoda) from The
www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN A fast‑growing basal troodontid (Dinosauria: Theropoda) from the latest Cretaceous of Europe Albert G. Sellés1,2*, Bernat Vila1,2, Stephen L. Brusatte3, Philip J. Currie4 & Àngel Galobart1,2 A characteristic fauna of dinosaurs and other vertebrates inhabited the end‑Cretaceous European archipelago, some of which were dwarves or had other unusual features likely related to their insular habitats. Little is known, however, about the contemporary theropod dinosaurs, as they are represented mostly by teeth or other fragmentary fossils. A new isolated theropod metatarsal II, from the latest Maastrichtian of Spain (within 200,000 years of the mass extinction) may represent a jinfengopterygine troodontid, the frst reported from Europe. Comparisons with other theropods and phylogenetic analyses reveal an autapomorphic foramen that distinguishes it from all other troodontids, supporting its identifcation as a new genus and species, Tamarro insperatus. Bone histology shows that it was an actively growing subadult when it died but may have had a growth pattern in which it grew rapidly in early ontogeny and attained a subadult size quickly. We hypothesize that it could have migrated from Asia to reach the Ibero‑Armorican island no later than Cenomanian or during the Maastrichtian dispersal events. During the latest Cretaceous (ca. 77–66 million years ago) in the run-up to the end-Cretaceous mass extinc- tion, Europe was a series of islands populated by diverse and distinctive communities of dinosaurs and other vertebrates. Many of these animals exhibited peculiar features that may have been generated by lack of space and resources in their insular habitats. -
Some Maastrichtian Vertebrates from Fluvial Channel Fill Deposits at Pui (Hațeg Basin)
Muzeul Olteniei Craiova. Oltenia. Studii şi comunicări. Ştiinţele Naturii. Tom. 31, No. 2/2015 ISSN 1454-6914 SOME MAASTRICHTIAN VERTEBRATES FROM FLUVIAL CHANNEL FILL DEPOSITS AT PUI (HAȚEG BASIN) SOLOMON Alexandru, CODREA Vlad Abstract. Latest Cretaceous deposits are cropping out in various localities of the Hațeg basin (Romania). Among these localities Pui is of peculiar interest, being the southeastern most one where Maastrichtian fluvial deposits are exposed. These terrestrial deposits are represented mainly by red beds, which yielded since the end of the 19th century, rich vertebrate assemblages. From a channel fill block discovered ex situ, a diverse fossil vertebrate assemblage was recovered (turtles, crocodilians, pterosaurs, and various herbivore and carnivore dinosaurs). This study is focused on the fossil taxa collected from this block and their fossilization processes. Keywords: latest Cretaceous, fluvial deposits, vertebrates, Hațeg basin, Romania. Rezumat. Câteva vertebrate maastrichtiene din depozite de canal fluvial de la Pui (Bazinul Hațeg). Depozite cretacic terminale aflorează în varii localități din Bazinul Hațeg (România). Dintre acestea, Pui este localizată în extremitatea sud-estică a bazinului, unde apar la zi depozite fluviale maastrichtiene. Aceste depozite sunt dominate de red beds, din care au fost colectate, încă de la finele secolului XIX, bogate asociații de vertebrate fosile. Dintr-un bloc cu umplutură de canal descoperit ex situ a fost extrasă o asociație diversă de vertebrate fosile (țestoase, crocodili, pterosauri și variați dinozauri erbivori și carnivori). Asociația de fosile din acest bloc și procesele de fosilizare evidențiate sunt descrise în acest studiu. Cuvinte cheie: Cretacic terminal, depozite fluviale, vertebrate, Bazinul Hațeg, România. INTRODUCTION In latest Cretaceous, an emerged land occurred in the actual Transylvania named the “Hațeg Island”.