Contributions to Phenomenology

In Cooperation with The Center for Advanced Research in Phenomenology

Volume 114

Series Editors Nicolas de Warren, Department of Philosophy, Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA, USA Ted Toadvine, Department of Philosophy, Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA, USA

Editorial Board Lilian Alweiss, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland Elizabeth Behnke, Ferndale, WA, USA Rudolf Bernet, Husserl Archive, KU Leuven, Belgium David Carr, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA Chan-Fai Cheung, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Sha Tin, Hong Kong James Dodd, New School University, New York, USA Alfredo Ferrarin, Università di Pisa, Pisa, Italy Burt Hopkins, University of Lille, Lille, France José Huertas-Jourda, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, Canada Kwok-Ying Lau, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Sha Tin, Hong Kong Nam-In Lee, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea (Republic of) Dieter Lohmar, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany William R. McKenna, Miami University, Ohio, USA Algis Mickunas, Ohio University, Ohio, USA J. N. Mohanty, Temple University, Philadelphia, USA Dermot Moran, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland Junichi Murata, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan Thomas Nenon, The University of Memphis, Memphis, USA Thomas M. Seebohm, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, Mainz, Germany Gail Soffer, Roma Tre University, Rome, Italy Anthony Steinbock, Department of Philosophy Stony Brook, University Stony Brook, New York, USA Shigeru Taguchi, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan Dan Zahavi, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark Richard M. Zaner, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, USA Scope The purpose of the series is to serve as a vehicle for the pursuit of phenomenological research across a broad spectrum, including cross-over developments with other felds of inquiry such as the social sciences and cognitive science. Since its establishment in 1987, Contributions to Phenomenology has published more than 100 titles on diverse themes of phenomenological philosophy. In addition to welcoming monographs and collections of papers in established areas of scholarship, the series encourages original work in phenomenology. The breadth and depth of the Series refects the rich and varied signifcance of phenomenological thinking for seminal questions of human inquiry as well as the increasingly international reach of phenomenological research. All books to be published in this Series will be fully peer-reviewed before fnal acceptance. The series is published in cooperation with The Center for Advanced Research in Phenomenology.

More information about this series at https://www.springer.com/series/5811 Daniele De Santis

Husserl and the A Priori Phenomenology and Rationality Daniele De Santis Department of Philosophy and Religious Studies Charles University Prague 1, Czech Republic

ISSN 0923-9545 ISSN 2215-1915 (electronic) Contributions to Phenomenology ISBN 978-3-030-69527-9 ISBN 978-3-030-69528-6 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-69528-6

© The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2021 All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifcally the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microflms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specifc statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors, and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, expressed or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affliations.

This Springer imprint is published by the registered company Springer Nature Switzerland AG The registered company address is: Gewerbestrasse 11, 6330 Cham, Switzerland A papà, che possa non dimenticare Acknowledgments

I would like to thank the Progres Q14 program (in the person of Martin Pehal and Karel Thein) and KREAS (in the person of Vojtěch Kolman) for supporting the research behind this book. I also want to thank Kyle Borrowman for his wonderful editing. This work was supported by the European Regional Development Fund-Project: “Creativity and Adaptability as Conditions of the Success of Europe in an Interrelated World” (No. CZ.02.1.01/0.0/0.0/16_019/0000734).

vii Abbreviations

Husserl

Hua volume, page Edmund Husserl, Husserliana. Edmund Husserls Gesammelte Werke Hua-Mat volume, page Edmund Husserl, Husserliana Materialien Hua-Dok volume, page Edmund Husserl, Husserliana Dokumente

Kant

KrV, page Immanuel Kant, Kritik der reinen Vernunft (Akademie-Ausgabe)

ix Contents

Part I Introduction Phaenomenologia Iuxta Propria Principia �� 3 References �� 12

Part II Husserl on Psychologism and the A Priori Metaphysical Hypostatization �� 15 1 Husserl and the Angels �� 15 2 Lotze’s Angel �� 22 3 Benno Erdmann and Husserl’s Angels �� 28 4 God and the “Infnite Stupidity” �� 32 References �� 34 A Question of Truth �� 37 1 Psychologism and Relativism �� 37 2 De Veritate �� 47 References �� 52

Part III Husserl on the Notion of A Priori Before the Eidos On the Way to the Eidos �� 55 References �� 59 The Doctrine of Ideality and the A Priori in the Logical Investigations �� 61 1 The Doctrine of Ideal Species �� 62 2 The Problem of the A Priori in the Logical Investigations �� 74 2.1 Introductory Remarks �� 74 2.2 The Language of the A Priori �� 77 2.3 The Problem of the A Priori in the Third Logical Investigation �� 78 3 The Problem of the A Posteriori in the Logical Investigations �� 94

xi xii Contents

4 “Notorious Philosophical Doctrines” �� 99 5 Closing Evaluation and Transition to New Analyses �� 105 References �� 107 Essence, Idea, and the A Priori After the Logical Investigations �� 109 1 Introductory Remarks �� 109 2 Vicissitudes of Some Concepts I: Species, Essence, Idea �� 110 3 Vicissitudes of Some Concepts II: A Priori, A Posteriori �� 124 4 Vicissitudes of Some Concepts III: The Law, the Problem of Necessity, and the Two Forms of Rationality �� 138 5 Once Again, Idee and Eidos �� 143 References �� 150

Part IV On How to Apprehend the Ideal: Three Different Stages Ideation, Attitude, Reduction �� 155 1 Ideation and Idealizing Abstraction �� 156 2 A Priori or Eidetic Attitude �� 165 3 Eidetic Reduction �� 175 References �� 180

Part V Essence, Pure Essence, Eidos. The Doctrine of the A Priori in Ideas I Essence and Eidos �� 185 1 A New Sort of Object �� 186 2 Remarks on Phantasy �� 195 3 Universality and Necessity �� 199 References �� 203 The Function of Eidetic Sciences �� 205 References �� 211

Τόδε τὶ, Individuum, Region �� 213 References �� 221

Part VI Adventures and Misadventures of the Rationalität Rationalization �� 225 1 Remarks on Exactness �� 228 2 Sub specie aeternitatis, or: Husserl on Spinoza �� 232 2.1 The Old Rationalists �� 241 References �� 245 The Conflict Between Different Forms of Rationality �� 247 References �� 266 Contents xiii

Part VII Formal and Material, Innate and Contingent A Priori Formal and Material, Analytic and Synthetic A Priori �� 271 References �� 285 From Formal to Innate—From Material to Contingent: The Development of the Concept of A Priori in Light of the Genetic Perspective �� 287 1 Genetic Phenomenology: A Very Brief Introduction �� 287 2 The Notion of Innate A Priori and the Two Senses of Purity �� 291 3 Contingent A Priori: Kontingenz and Zufälligkeit �� 297 4 Irreality �� 307 References �� 312

Part VIII Conclusion Notes for Future Research �� 317 References �� 323

Index �� 325