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Disenchantment in Two Minneapolis Novels from the 1880S / Gerald

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Disenchantment in Two Minneapolis Novels from the 1880S / Gerald "1 have heefi like the child in the fairy tale \^ ' . ,j ' who ran after the shining stars „ .. , , - • . - .' hut found only, tinsel and dust on his fingers.. .. , ..L' \- ^.. i. ''7. *• • -. • -' • . ' • • ' -.'' #"'-•• •*** DRUDE -KROG JANSON • . €. 'i^SS* from her novel, Mhci " ' > .-^ Disenchantment in Two Minneapolis Novels from the 1880s TIHSEL ANP DUST Gerald Thorson MINNEAPOLIS in the 1880s xx'as an apt setting for a bol of xvealtb. Not far axx'ay, on Hennepin and Fifth, xx'as nexv romance — perhaps even worthy ol celebration by a the eight-stiiry West Hotel that for decades continued to young Walt Whitman. Progress and prosperity xvere be a shoxvpiece to xx'hich all nexv arrivals and visitors ex'ident everyxvhere, xvith the skyline and landscape con­ xvere taken — a building acclaimed by one early histo­ stantly changing as the city pushed out from its center of rian as "one of the most palatial and best appointed activity, the Gatexvay section near the Falls of St. An­ hotels in the United States — xvbich is to say, in the thony. As the brick and mortar xvere transformed into xvorld. " During the decade a nexv public library xvas engineering and architectural triiiinphs, such as the erected, plans xvere under xvay for a nexv city hall and Metropolitan Building or the fabulous residences of courthouse, and the city's park system xvas extended. It Charles A. Pillsbury and Senator William D. Washburn xx'as indeed a period of change and expansion: Betxveen that arose on Stevens Avenue, certainly the poet in the 1880 and f890, the popidation of the leading flour- city xx'ould be sufficiently stirred to compose his paeans milling city in the United States quadrupled, reaching a in honor ofthe nexv metropolis. total of almost 16.5,000.' On Bridge Square stood the Pence Opera House, a Nexv xx'ealth poured into die city as the milling indus­ monument to the city's cultural aspirations. A block up, try, among others, shared in this expansion. As mer­ on Washington Avenue, xvas the Nicollet House, a sym- chants and professional men became increasingly wealthy, those standard symbols of prosperity became ' Isaac Atxvater, ed., History (f the City of Minneapolis, more numerous — as if to impress upon all that Minne­ 1:322 (quote) (New York, 1893)- United States Census, 1890, apolis xvas a veritable oasis for financial opportunity and Population, 1:370, cultural activity. By all odds, as the Horatio Alger heroes of real life Mr. Thorson is professor of English and chairman (d'the Lan­ multiplied, a work of fiction that reflected Minneapolis guage and Literature Division at St. OlaJ College, Norlhfeld- in this decade should have been a romance, a success His research and writing have been chiefly on the modern story. And when that xvork xvas the product of au imnii- American novel and Norwegian-Amerieini literature- He is eur- grant xvriter xvho bad biiiiself benefited from the city's renthj completing a book on Norwegian immigrant jiclion. development, and xvhose felloxv iuimigrants xvere just then busily engaged in producing little treatises on the GASLIGHTS ILLUMINATE Nicollet Avenue in the rise of immigrants from cotters' sous to men of xvealtb photograph at left, taken in the 1880s about the time and position, die likelihood was even greater. But litera­ the Jansons lived in Minneapolis. ture is not alxx'ays concerned vvith the obvious, and ap- Summer 1977 211 pearances have a wax- of confusing, if not distorting, real­ The Jansons' disillusionment xvas not the result ol ity. It is for the artist to penetrate die surface, to discover unfulfilled promise nor ofthe ungracious attitude of the the bidden pulse of experience. old tradition in American life to xvbicb Hoxvard Mumford Txx'o such artists arrixed iu the citx- early in the dec­ Jones attributes the immigrant xvriters' complaints about ade and set about to chronicle life in Minneapolis in the the Nexv World. When these novels appeared on the 1880s. They xvere Norxvegian iminigrants, both of xvhoni Norxvegian bookstands in Minneapolis, Kristofer Janson had noxels published in Minneapolis in 1889. One xvas forty-eight years old. He, his xvife, and their six xvriter, Kristofer Janson, bad already achieved promi­ children had lixed in Minneapolis for seven years. They nence as an author in Norxvay. The other, his xvife, had achieved a place of prominence in the city not only Drude Krog Janson, xvas attempting ber first xvork of in the Norxvegian community but also in American cir­ fiction. cles. Janson xvas by no means the only Norxvegian immi­ Mrs. Janson's book, A saloonkeeper's daughter, is grant to enter into activities in the city. Several had basicallx- a romance; xet, modified as it is by the conven­ assumed positions of prominence in city government and tions of the noxel, it becomes in part a noxel of manners social and cultural organizations. As a poet, an intellec­ fused with elements ofthe confession or autobiography. tual, a liberal, and a non-Lutheran, however, Janson xx'as Richard Chase bas xvritten that '"more than likely the more readily accepted by the native Americans than obserx'ation of manners and the painting of the social were most Norxvegians. Acquainted as he xvas xvith some scene xvill be a bx'-product of the romance that really of the leading xvriters and personalities in the East as engages the author's mind."- This is the case here, xvell as in Europe, he enjoyed an entrx' into American life xvbere Mrs. Janson's depiction of manners seems al­ frequently denied the foreigner. His name xvas often most incidental tii the Cinderella story that has capti­ mentioned as a candidate for the nexv professorship of vated her. Scandinaxian languages and literature established in Kristofer Janson's Rehind the curtain, a novel of so­ 1884 at the Unixersity of Minnesota, and when Rasmus cial protest, contains elements of romance and is mod­ B. Anderson left his position as professor of Scandinavian ified bx' xvhat Northrop Frye bas labeled the anatomy — at the University of Wisconsin in 188.3, President John that extroverted and intellectualized form of fiction Bascom oi Wisconsin offered the post to Janson, xx'ho stemming from the satire. Though there are aspects of refused it.^ romance in both novels, neither is an ode to the city; By 1889 Janson was xvell kiioxx'n among both the Minneapolis, its people and its activities, is rather a cause for lamentation. For xvhen the curtains are pushed aside and the life ofthe city is bleed squarely, enchant­ -Richard Chase, The .American Novel and Its Tradition. ment frequently gives xx'ay to loneliness, despair, and 160 (Garden City, N.Y., 19.57). •'Northrop Frye, Anatomy of Criticism: Four Essays, 308- grieb This the Jansons, too, discovered. If any one word 312 (Princeton, N.J., 19.57). ' can be used to describe die reaction ofthe txvo authors to 'Hoxvard Mnmford Jones, Ideas in America, 203 (Cam­ Minneapolis, it xx'ould have to fie "disenchantment."'' bridge, Mass.. 1944), Kristofer Janson, Head jeg har oplevet: THE TITLE PAGE ofthe 1891 edition of Drude Janson's novel is shown here, along with a sketch ofthe novelist. The drawing, made from a photograph, is by Philip J. Thompson, chairman of the Art Department, Augsburg College, Minneapolis. /l^n ^aloontecpcts latter. ;t ti r t a' I I i 11 11 -of- Drubt Krog 3on50ii. Xrtfitc Dpiofl. 212 t ^m yjdilMfQVPlii? Oil OIllMflD. i:a!?niii6rcii5 /oTlageboQliankl. / Scandinaxians and the native Americans. The Min­ receixed: "fgnorant people think and say that xou are a neapolis editor, Carl G. O. Hansen, bas xvritten; "It good speaker, and in your ignorance xou appai-entlx would be safe to say that no single indix'idual created think so too. I haxe read some of x'our speeches and some such a stir among the city's Norxvegians as did Kristofer poems, but it seems to me that a ninctx-xear-old lady Janson. He impressed all with bis genial xx'ays as could do it much better than you. It xvould haxe been xvefl as xx'itb bis physique. He xvas tall, lidie, and erect, better for you and for others if you had traxeled to and xvith bis auburn hair and long floxving beard he Siberia than that you remain here in America. Once I looked like a prophet of old in his Sunday best."-' saxv your portrait, but ugh! You xvere ugly, ugly. It xx-as as Janson xvas still very much a man of position, a recog­ if a devilish disgusting gloom xveighed on you. Kristofer, nized leader, in the city in 1889. He bad his enemies, to traxel around no more to poison people vvith xour filthy be sure, and they xvere frequently doxvnright x'ociferous talk. Throw the nastx' Saamanden [fanson's magazine] in in their opposition to him. "Are xou the antichrist xvho is the fire. Dear Kristofer, do xvhat I tell you."'' to come, or shall xve xx-ait for another?' one person is But Janson bad his enthusiastic folloxx'ers, too. One of reported to haxe asked Janson. ""It is safest to xx'ait for the characters in Immigrant Scenes, a nox-el by Johannes another, " xvas bis reply. Janson tells of one letter be B. Wist, says of Janson: "He is terribly xvell xersed both in history and literature. And the best of all is that be is so extremely entertaining. Y'ou should just bear him tear livserindringer (What 1 have ex])erieneed: reminiscences}, 228 (Oslo and Copenhagen, 1913). Anderson resigned his post at apart the old gods. It is a real picnic.
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