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Racism Vs. Social Capital: a Case Study of Two Majority Black Communities

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Racism Vs. Social Capital: a Case Study of Two Majority Black Communities Walden University ScholarWorks Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies Collection 2015 Racism vs. Social Capital: A Case Study of Two Majority Black Communities Bruce W. Strouble Walden University Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations Part of the Adult and Continuing Education Commons, African American Studies Commons, Civic and Community Engagement Commons, Community-Based Learning Commons, Community-Based Research Commons, Criminology Commons, Criminology and Criminal Justice Commons, Defense and Security Studies Commons, Economic Policy Commons, Education Policy Commons, Emergency and Disaster Management Commons, Energy Policy Commons, Environmental Policy Commons, Fire Science and Firefighting Commons, Health Policy Commons, Infrastructure Commons, Military and Veterans Studies Commons, Nonprofit Administration and Management Commons, Organizational Behavior and Theory Commons, Organization Development Commons, Peace and Conflict Studies Commons, Political Theory Commons, Politics and Social Change Commons, Public Administration Commons, Public Affairs Commons, Public Health and Community Nursing Commons, Public Policy Commons, Social and Philosophical Foundations of Education Commons, Social Policy Commons, Social Welfare Commons, Social Work Commons, and the Terrorism Studies Commons This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies Collection at ScholarWorks. It has been accepted for inclusion in Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Walden University College of Social and Behavioral Sciences This is to certify that the doctoral dissertation by Bruce Strouble has been found to be complete and satisfactory in all respects, and that any and all revisions required by the review committee have been made. Review Committee Dr. William Benet, Committee Chairperson, Public Policy and Administration Faculty Dr. Kristie Roberts, Committee Member, Public Policy and Administration Faculty Dr. Tanya Settles, University Reviewer, Public Policy and Administration Faculty Chief Academic Officer Eric Riedel, Ph.D. Walden University 2015 Abstract Racism vs. Social Capital: A Case Study of Two Majority Black Communities by Bruce Warren Strouble, Jr. MASS, Florida A&M University, 2006 BS, Florida A&M University, 2004 Dissertation Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Public Policy and Administration Walden University August 2015 Abstract Several researchers have identified social capital as a means to improve the social sustainability of communities. While there have been many studies investigating the benefits of social capital in homogeneous White communities, few have examined it in Black homogeneous communities. Also, there has been limited research on the influence of racism on social capital in African American communities. In this dissertation a comparative case study was used within a critical race theory framework. The purpose was to explore the role of racial oppression in shaping social capital in majority African American communities. Data were collected from 2 majority Black communities in Florida. The collected data included reviews of local news reports, voter turnout reports, and community health assessments, along with focus groups and semi structured interviews with a purposive sample of 20 of the communities’ African American residents. Benet’s polarities of democracy model was employed to analyze the relationship between racism and social capital. Analysis included inductive coding followed by pattern matching to identify overarching themes between the selected cases. One key theme was that perceived racial disparity inhibited bridging and linking social capital in the selected communities. Another key theme was that racism created social capital deficiencies and a dysfunctional community culture, which limited the capacity to address collective issues. Social change implications include specific policy recommendations to state and local leaders to increase the participation of Black community members in democratic processes. Additionally, this research has potential to improve understanding of the various ways that racism may affect Black Communities. Racism vs. Social Capital: A Case Study of Two Majority Black Communities by Bruce Warren Strouble, Jr. MASS, Florida A&M University, 2006 BS, Florida A&M University, 2004 Dissertation Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Public Policy and Administration Walden University August 2015 Dedication I dedicate this work to my wife Quashier S. Strouble and our children Jayvin, Amarrie, K’dyn, and Syrus. In addition, I must include my parents Bruce and Velta Strouble, my brother Deonte Strouble and my grandmothers Dorothy Strouble and Mattie Suggs. I must also include the many friends and community members who contributed to my development. Thank you all for making me the human that I am today. Acknowledgments I must admit that I would not have made it to this point in my career without the help and guidance of several individuals. My family has been instrumental in shaping my worldview and making me a better human being. There are no words, which can capture the gratitude that I have for the support offered by the members of my family. In addition, to my two mentors, Dr. Dana Dennard and Dr. David Jackson: Thank you for guiding my academic and intellectual development. To my research committee members, Dr. William Benet and Dr. Kristie Roberts: Thank you for your continued guidance and support. You have all been instrumental in this process, and I would not have made it this far without you. Table of Contents List of Tables ..................................................................................................................... vi List of Figures ................................................................................................................... vii Chapter 1: Introduction to the Study ....................................................................................1 Introduction ....................................................................................................................1 Background ....................................................................................................................3 Research Problem ..........................................................................................................5 Purpose of the Study ......................................................................................................6 Research Questions ........................................................................................................6 Theoretical and Conceptual Frameworks ......................................................................7 Nature of the Study ......................................................................................................10 Definitions....................................................................................................................11 Scope and Delimitations ..............................................................................................13 Significance..................................................................................................................13 Summary ......................................................................................................................14 Chapter 2: Literature Review .............................................................................................16 Introduction ..................................................................................................................16 Chapter Overview ........................................................................................................16 Critical Race Theory ....................................................................................................18 Development of Critical Race Theory .................................................................. 18 Uses of Critical Race Theory ................................................................................ 21 Critique of Critical Race Theory ........................................................................... 24 i Utility in the Current Study................................................................................... 25 Racism..........................................................................................................................25 Types of Racism ................................................................................................... 26 Internalized racism. ............................................................................................... 36 The Effects of Racism ........................................................................................... 38 Social Capital ...............................................................................................................42 Definitions............................................................................................................. 43 Types of Social Capital ......................................................................................... 45 Sources of Social Capital .....................................................................................
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