NEW TESTAMENT APOCRYPHA Or, the Non-Canonical Books
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The 'Teachers' of Mani in the Acta Archelai and Simon Magus
THE ‘TEACHERS’ OF MANI IN THE ACTA ARCHELAI AND SIMON MAGUS 1 by ESZTER SPÄT Abstract: This paper aims to prove that the biography of Mani in the Acta Archelae of Hegemonius, which contains a great number of completely ctitious elements, was in fact drawn up on the le of Simon Magus, pater omnium haereticorum , using the works of heresiologists and the apocryphal acts, espe- cially the Pseudo-Clementine Recognitiones , as a model and source. There are a great number of elements in this Vita Manis that bear a strong resemblance to the well known motives of Simon’s life. Projecting Simon’s life over that of Mani serves as tool to reinforce the image of Mani that Hegemonius tried to convey: that of just another ‘run of the mill’ heretic, one in the long line of the disciples of Simon, and a fraud and devoid of any originality. The Acta Archelai of Hegemonius, 2 composed between 330 and 348 in Syria, 3 was the rst Christian work written against Manichaeans. The text of the Acta, as a whole, has survived only in the Latin translation, though a great part of its Greek text has been preserved in the Panarion (or ‘Medicine Chest’) of Epiphanius, who seems to have often copied his source almost word for word in the chapter on Manichaeism. 4 Besides being the rst it was also, in many respects, the most in uential. It was a source of mate- rial, both on Manichaean mythology and on the gure of Mani, for a long list of historians and theologians who engaged in polemics against the 1 I express my thanks to Professor J. -
Apocrypha on Jesus' Life in the Early Islamic Milieu: from Syriac Into Arabic
Apocrypha on Jesus’ Life in the Early Islamic Milieu: From Syriac into Arabic* Cornelia B. Horn Apocryphal traditions are narratives and stories about figures and events that feature some noticeable relationship to biblical traditions, but that are con- ceived and told in a way that clearly goes beyond the data that is found in the contemporary canonical texts.1 They are central texts and traditions, in which wider circles of Christians expressed their reception of and interaction with the core of the biblical message, that God worked and continued to work in their own history. In the eastern Christian world, apocrypha are often an integral part of traditions comprising hagiography and liturgical traditions as well.2 Apocryphal texts and traditions hold a key position right in the mid- dle and in-between the biblical and patristic writings anywhere in Oriental Christian literature and Christian literature more broadly. Christian literature in Arabic is no exception to this. In fact, Arabic apocrypha play a crucial role in the transmission of Oriental Christian traditions into a world, which in the Middle East from the seventh century onwards was increasingly dominated by a new religion, Islam.3 Christian apocryphal writings constitute a prominent reservoire of traditions that allow the modern researcher to trace connections between developping sacred scriptures beyond the boundaries of religions. At times, the trajectories of such interreligious connections are even traceable with chronological and geographical precision. For the study of the interaction of Christians and Muslims in the framework of apocryphal traditions, Christian Arabic witnesses ought to have a role of * The research and writing of this article occurred in part while I held a Heisenberg Fellowship (GZ HO 5221/1–1) and in part during my tenure as Heisenberg Professor of Languages and Cultures of the Christian Orient at the Martin-Luther-University, Halle-Wittenberg (GZ HO 5221/2–1). -
THE NEW TESTAMENT APOCRYPHA and PSEUDEPIQRAPHA: a Guide to Publications, with Excursuses on Apocalypses by JAMES H
THE NEW TESTAMENT APOCRYPHA AND PSEUDEPIQRAPHA: a guide to publications, with excursuses on apocalypses by JAMES H. CHARLESWORTH with James R. Mueller assisted by many, especially Amy-Jill Levine, Randall D. Chesnutt, and M. J. H. Charlesworth ATLA BIBLIOGRAPHY SERIES, MO. 17 The American Theological Library Association and The Scarecrow Press, Inc. Metuchen, N.J., and London • 1987 CONTENTS Editor's Foreword xiii Preface xv I. INTRODUCTION 1 A Report on Research 1 Description 6 Excluded Documents 6 1) Apostolic Fathers 6 2) The Nag Hammadi Codices 7 3) The Old Testament Pseudepigrapha 7 4) Early Syriac Writings 8 5) Earliest Versions of the New Testament 8 6) Fakes 9 7) Possible Candidates 10 Introductions 11 Purpose 12 Notes 13 II. THE APOCALYPSE OF JOHN—ITS THEOLOGY AND IMPACT ON SUBSEQUENT APOCALYPSES Introduction . 19 The Apocalypse and Its Theology . 19 1) Historical Methodology 19 2) Other Apocalypses 20 3) A Unity 24 4) Martyrdom 25 5) Assurance and Exhortation 27 6) The Way and Invitation 28 7) Transference and Redefinition -. 28 8) Summary 30 The Apocalypse and Its Impact on Subsequent Apocalypses 30 1) Problems 30 2) Criteria 31 3) Excluded Writings 32 4) Included Writings 32 5) Documents , 32 a) Jewish Apocalypses Significantly Expanded by Christians 32 b) Gnostic Apocalypses 33 c) Early Christian Apocryphal Apocalypses 34 d) Early Medieval Christian Apocryphal Apocalypses 36 6) Summary 39 Conclusion 39 1) Significance 39 2) The Continuum 40 3) The Influence 41 Notes 42 III. THE CONTINUUM OF JEWISH AND CHRISTIAN APOCALYPSES: TEXTS AND ENGLISH TRANSLATIONS Description of an Apocalypse 53 Excluded "Apocalypses" 54 A List of Apocalypses 55 1) Classical Jewish Apocalypses and Related Documents (c. -
PAT101 Booklet.Pdf
Coptic Orthodox Diocese of the Southern United States PAT 102 NICENE AND POST NICENE FATHERS Servants’ Preparation Program 2007 ( TABLE OF CONTENTS ( • Introduction • The Beginnings of Liturgical Formulas and Canonical Legislation • The Apostolic Fathers • St. Clement of Rome • St. Ignatius of Antioch • St. Polycarp of Smyrna • The Epistle of Barnabas • Papias of Hierapolis • The "Shepherd" of Hermas • The Epistle to Diognetus • QUADRATUS 2 PAT 102 Nicene and Post Nicene Fathers © 2007 Coptic Orthodox Diocese of the Southern United States INTRODUCTION Patrology The word “Patrology” is derived from the Latin word “Pater” which means, “Father.” Patrology is the science, which deals with the life, acts, writings, sayings, doctrines and thoughts of the orthodox writers of the early church: 1) The life of the Fathers: In order to understand their writings and sayings, their lives and the environment in which they lived, must also be considered. 2) Their acts: The writings, sermons, dialogues, letters, etc. of the Fathers are inseparable from their own lives. Patrology’s message is to be sure of the authenticity of these acts scientifically, publishing them and translating them in modern languages. 3) More importantly is the discovery of the thoughts of the Fathers, their dogma, doctrines and concepts concerning God, man, church, salvation, worship, creation, the body, the heavenly life, etc. Patrology is the door through which we can enter into the church and attain her spirit, which affects our inner life, conduct and behavior. Through Patrology, the acts of the Fathers are transferred into living thoughts and concepts which are based on a sound foundation, without ignoring the world around us. -
The Acts of Andrew from "The Apocryphal New Testament" M.R
Acts of Andrew The Acts of Andrew From "The Apocryphal New Testament" M.R. James-Translation and Notes Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1924 Introduction We have no ancient record of the length of this book, as we had in the cases of John, Paul, and Peter (but I suspect it was the most prolix of all the five), and we have fewer relics of the original text than for those. We have, however, a kind of abstract of the whole, written in Latin by Gregory of Tours: and there are Greek Encomia of the apostle which also help to the reconstruction of the story. The Martyrdom (as in other cases) exists separately, in many texts. Max Bonnet has established the relations of these to each other: and J. Flamion has made a most careful study of all the fragments. The best specimen of the original text which we have is a fragment preserved in a Vatican MS., tenth- eleventh centuries, containing discourses of Andrew shortly before his passion. There are also a few ancient quotations. These Acts may be the latest of the five leading apostolic romances. They belong to the third century: C. A. D. 260? It was formerly thought that the Acts of Andrew and Matthias (Matthew) were an episode of the original romance: but this view has ceased to be held. That legend is akin to the later Egyptian romances about the apostles of which an immense number were produced in the fifth and later centuries. An abstract of them will be given in due course. The epitome by Gregory of Tours is considered by Flamion to give on the whole the best idea of the contents of the original Acts. -
Apocryphal Gospels Pdf
Apocryphal gospels pdf Continue Letters from early Christians, separate from the biblical canon of the New Testament apocryphal fathers 1 Clement ClementPisty Ignatius Polycarpa to FilipinosMartird Polycarpa Didace Barnabas Diognetus Shepherd of the Germas Jewish-Christian Gospels Ebionite Jews Nazarene The Infancy of the Gospel of Jacob Thomas (en) Mary Philip's Truth Secret Sign, Savior Other Gospels Thomas Markion Nicodemus Peter Barnabas Apocalypse PaulPeter Pseudo-Mefodia (en) Stephen 1 James 2 James Eppsistles Apocriphon JamesAppriphne Of John Epistula ApostumPsudo-Titus Seneca Acts Andrew (en) Barnabas John (en) Mar Marie Martyrs Paul Peter Peter and Andrew Peter and Paul Peter and Twelve PhilipPilat Thaddeus Thomas (en) Timothy Xanthippe, Polyxena, and Rebecca Misc. Diatessaron Doctrine Addai Matters Bartholomew The Resurrection of Jesus ChristPrayer Apostle Paul Lost book Bartholomew 'ru' Matthias Curintus Basilida Mani Jews Laodicas Nag Hammadi libraryvte Apocryphs of the New Testament (the only apocryphal) are a series of works of early Christians who give reports on Jesus and his teachings. Some of these scriptures were cited as scriptures by early Christians, but from the fifth century there was a broad consensus limiting the New Testament to 27 books of the modern canon. The Roman Catholic, Eastern Orthodox and Protestant churches generally do not regard these New Testament apocryphs as part of the Bible. The definition of apocryph means things to hide or things hidden originating from the medieval Latin adjective apocryphal, secret or non-canonical, which in turn originated from the Greek adjective ἀπόκρυφος (apokryphos), unclear, from the verb ἀποκρύπτειν (apokryptein), to hide. From the Greek set-top boxes apo, which means on the sidelines, and the Greek verb cryptoin, which means hide. -
The Acts of John As a Gnostic Text Dr
The Acts of John as a Gnostic text Dr. Pieter]. Lalleman label for everything not fully orthodox. The Acts of Thomas KEYWORDS: apostles, Peter, Paul, ideology, Gnostic, and Andrew on the other hand are more or less similar in Orthodox, Ephesus, Asia Minor, Smyrna, Artemis, the ideas that they express and they both represent a cer Docetism, cross, Old Testament tain form of Gnostic thinking, although not everybody agrees with this qualification. The Acts of John, in whichever way THE BIBLICAL book Acts of the Apostles has a title which we want to describe its theological ideas, has a position of its does not suit the contents, because the story focuses on just own among the extra-biblical Acts. a few apostles, mainly Peter and Paul. This is however, as we know, not Luke's fault, because the title of the book was added well after its writing. In any case, Christians who Text and order wanted to know what the other apostles had done and what The Acts of John was written in Greek but it has not been had happened to them needed to tum to other sources of preserved intact in its entirety. The church found it so hereti information. But even about the two principal characters of cal that it was placed on the index. Possession and copying Acts, Peter and Paul, much more could be told. To mention of it were forbidden. It is therefore very remarkable that the just one thing, in Acts their death is not described. Conse text was not completely lost, as with so many other texts quently, from the second century onwards these gaps in from the early church. -
Female Identity and Agency in the Cult of the Martyrs in Late Antique North Africa
Female Identity and Agency in the Cult of the Martyrs in Late Antique North Africa Heather Barkman Thesis submitted to the Faculty of Graduate and Postdoctoral Studies In partial fulfillment of the requirements For admission to the degree of Doctorate of Philosophy in Religious Studies Department of Classics and Religious Studies Faculty of Arts University of Ottawa © Heather Barkman, Ottawa, Canada, 2016 ii Table of Contents Table of Contents ii Abstract iv Acknowledgements v Introduction 1 Outline of the Chapters 9 Identity, Agency, and Power: Women’s Roles in the Cult of the Martyrs 14 Methodology 14 i. Intermittent Identities 14 ii. Agency 23 iii. Power 28 Women’s Roles 34 Wife 35 Mother 40 Daughter 43 Virgin 49 Mourner 52 Hostess 56 Widow 59 Prophet 63 Patron 66 Martyr 71 Conclusion 75 Female Martyrs and the Rejection/Reconfiguration of Identities 78 Martyrdom in North Africa 80 Named North African Female Martyrs 87 i. Januaria, Generosa, Donata, Secunda, Vestia (Acts of the Scillitan Martyrs) 87 ii. Perpetua and Felicitas (Passion of Perpetua and Felicitas) 87 iii. Quartillosa (Martyrdom of Montanus and Lucius) 89 iv. Crispina (Passion of Crispina) 90 v. Maxima, Donatilla, and Secunda (Passion of Saints Maxima, Donatilla, and Secunda) 91 vi. Salsa (Passion of Saint Salsa) 92 vii. Victoria, Maria, and Januaria (Acts of the Abitinian Martyrs) 93 Private Identities of North African Female Martyrs 95 Wife 95 Mother 106 Daughter 119 Private/Public Identities of North African Female Martyrs 135 Virgin 135 Public Identities of North African Female Martyrs 140 Bride of Christ 141 Prophet 148 Imitator of Christ 158 Conclusion 162 Patrons, Clients, and Imitators: Female Venerators in the Cult of the Martyrs 166 iii Patron 168 Client 175 i. -
Apocrypha, Part 1
Understanding Apocrypha, Part 1 Sources: Scripture Alone, James R. White, 112-119 The Journey from Texts to Translations: The Origin and Development of the Bible, Paul D. Wegner, 101-130 The Doctrine of the Word of God, John M. Frame, 118-139 Can We Still Believe the Bible? An Evangelical Engagement with Contemporary Questions, by Craig L. Blomberg, 43-54 How We Got the Bible, Neil R. Lightfoot, 152-156 “The Old Testament Canon, Josephus, and Cognitive Environment” by Stephen G. Dempster, in The Enduring Authority of the Christian Scriptures, D.A. Carson, editor, 321-361 “Reflections on Jesus’ View of the Old Testament” by Craig L. Blomberg, in The Enduring Authority of the Christian Scriptures, D.A. Carson, editor, 669-701 “The Canon of the Old Testament” by R.T. Beckwith, in The Origin of the Bible, edited by F.F. Bruce, J.I. Packer, Philip Comfort, Carl F.H. Henry, 51-64 “Do We Have the Right Canon?” by Paul D. Wegner, Terry L. Wilder, and Darrell L. Bock, in In Defense of the Bible: A Comprehensive Apologetic for the Authority of Scripture, edited by Steven B. Cowan and Terry L. Wilder, 393-404 Can I Really Trust the Bible?, Barry Cooper, 49-53 Establishing Our Time Frame What are apocryphal books? The word “apocrypha” refers to something hidden (Protestants and Catholics differ on why the term is applied to particular books). It is a general term often used for books not in the biblical canon (apocryphal books), but is also used by Protestants as a specific term for the books officially canonized by the Roman Catholic Church (The Apocrypha). -
The Reception of Luke and Acts in the Period Before Irenaeus. Looking For
Wissenschaftliche Untersuchungen zum Neuen Testament • 2. Reihe Herausgeber/Editor Jörg Frey Mitherausgeber / Associate Editors Friedrich Avemarie • Judith Gundry-Volf Martin Hengel • Otfried Hofius • Hans-Josef Klauck 169 Andrew Gregory The Reception of Luke and Acts in the Period before Irenaeus Looking for Luke in the Second Century Mohr Siebeck ANDREW GREGORY, born 1971; 2001 Doctor of Philosophy; currently Chaplain and Oakeshott Junior Research Fellow of Lincoln College, Oxford, and a member of the Theology Faculty of the University of Oxford. ISBN3-16-148086-4 ISSN 0340-9570 (Wissenschaftliche Untersuchungen zum Neuen Testament 2. Reihe) Die Deutsche Bibliothek lists this publication in the Deutsche Nationalbibliographie; detailed bibliographic data is available in the Internet at http://dnb.ddb.de. © 2003 J. C. B. Möhr (Paul Siebeck) Tubingen. This book may not be reproduced, in whole or in part, in any form (beyond that permitted by copyright law) without the publisher's written permission. This applies particularly to reproductions, translations, microfilms and storage and processing in electronic systems. The book was printed by Druckpartner Rübelmann GmbH in Hemsbach on non-aging paper and bound by Buchbinderei Schaumann in Darmstadt. Printed in Germany. for Katherine àvcv F|S OÙK Acknowledgements This monograph is the revised and expanded version of a thesis which was accepted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy by the University of Oxford in November 2001. A number of institutions provided the financial support which enabled me to undertake this research, and I am glad to record my gratitude to them: the Arts and Humanities Research Board of the British Academy, which awarded me a Postgraduate Studentship in the Humanities; the Warden and Fellows of Keble College, Oxford, who elected me as Gosden Student and appointed me as Assistant Chaplain; and the Rector and Fellows of Lincoln College, Oxford who elected me to the Oakeshott Junior Research Fellowship and appointed me as Chaplain. -
FATHERS Church
FOC_TPages 9/12/07 9:47 AM Page 2 the athers Fof the Church A COMPREHENSIVE INTRODUCTION HUBERTUS R. DROBNER Translated by SIEGFRIED S. SCHATZMANN with bibliographies updated and expanded for the English edition by William Harmless, SJ, and Hubertus R. Drobner K Hubertus R. Drobner, The Fathers of the Church Baker Academic, a division of Baker Publishing Group, © 2007. Used by permission. _Drobner_FathersChurch_MiscPages.indd 1 11/10/15 1:30 PM The Fathers of the Church: A Comprehensive Introduction English translation © 2007 by Hendrickson Publishers Hendrickson Publishers, Inc. P. O. Box 3473 Peabody, Massachusetts 01961-3473 ISBN 978-1-56563-331-5 © 2007 by Baker Publishing Group The Fathers of the Church: A Comprehensive Introduction, by Hubertus R. Drobner, withPublished bibliographies by Baker Academic updated and expanded for the English edition by William Harmless,a division of SJ, Baker and Hubertus Publishing Drobner, Group is a translation by Siegfried S. Schatzmann ofP.O.Lehrbuch Box 6287, der Grand Patrologie. Rapids,© VerlagMI 49516-6287 Herder Freiburg im Breisgau, 1994. www.bakeracademic.com All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any Baker Academic paperback edition published 2016 formISBN or978-0-8010-9818-5 by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, record- ing, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writingPreviously from published the publisher. in 2007 by Hendrickson Publishers PrintedThe Fathers in the of Unitedthe Church: States A ofComprehensive America Introduction, by Hubertus R. Drobner, with bibliographies updated and expanded for the English edition by William Harmless, SecondSJ, and PrintingHubertus — Drobner, December is a 2008 translation by Siegfried S. -
Nag Hammadi, Gnosticism and New Testament Interpretation
Grace Theological Journal 8.2 (1987) 195-212 Copyright © 1987 by Grace Theological Seminary. Cited with permission. NAG HAMMADI, GNOSTICISM AND NEW TESTAMENT INTERPRETATION WILLIAM W. COMBS The Gnostic heresy alluded to in the NT and widely repudiated by Christian writers in the second century and after has been in- creasingly studied in the last forty years. The discovery in upper Egypt of an extensive collection of Gnostic writings on papyri trans- formed a poorly known movement in early Christianity into a well documented heresy of diverse beliefs and practices. The relationship of Gnosticism and the NT is an issue that has not been resolved by the new documents. Attempts to explain the theology of the NT as dependent on Gnostic teachings rest on ques- tionable hypotheses. The Gnostic redeemer-myth cannot be docu- mented before the second century: Thus, though the Gnostic writings provide helpful insight into the heresies growing out of Christianity, it cannot be assumed that the NT grew out of Gnostic teachings. * * * INTRODUCTION STUDENTS of the NT have generally been interested in the subject of Gnosticism because of its consistent appearance in discussions of the "Colossian heresy" and the interpretation of John's first epistle. It is felt that Gnosticism supplies the background against which these and other issues should be understood. However, some who use the terms "Gnostic" and "Gnosticism" lack a clear understanding of the movement itself. In fact, our knowledge of Gnosticism has suffered considerably from a lack of primary sources. Now, however, with the discovery of the Nag Hammadi (hereafter, NH) codices, this void is being filled.