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8603517.PDF (12.42Mb) Umversify Microfilins International 1.0 12.5 12.0 LI 1.8 1.25 1.4 1.6 MICROCOPY RESOLUTION TEST CHART NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS STANDARD REFERENCE MATERIAL 1010a (ANSI and ISO TEST CHART No. 2) University Microfilms Inc. 300 N. Zeeb Road, Ann Arbor, MI 48106 INFORMATION TO USERS This reproduction was made from a copy of a manuscript sent to us for publication and microfilming. While the most advanced technology has been used to pho­ tograph and reproduce this manuscript, the quality of the reproduction is heavily dependent upon the quality of the material submitted. Pages in any manuscript may have indistinct print. In all cases the best available copy has been filmed. The following explanation of techniques is provided to help clarify notations which may appear on this reproduction. 1. Manuscripts may not always be complete. When it is not possible to obtain missing pages, a note appears to indicate this. 2. 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International 8603517 Olowin, Ronald Paul PROBING THE LARGE-SCALE STRUCTURE OF THE UNIVERSE: AN ANALYSIS OF 55 BRIGHT SOUTHERN CLUSTERS OF GALAXIES The University of Oklahom a Ph.D. 1985 University Microfilms Internstionsiso o n , zeeb Roaa, Ann Arbor, Ml 481 06 PLEASE NOTE: In all cases this material has been filmed in the best possible way from the available copy. Problems encountered with this docum ent have been identified here with a check mark V 1. Glossy photographs or pages. 2. Colored illustrations, paper or print ______ 3. Photographs with dark background _____ 4. Illustrations are poor copy 5. Pages with black marks, not original copy 6. Print shows through as there is text on both sides of page 7. Indistinct, broken or small print on several pages 8. Print exceeds margin requirements ______ 9. Tightly bound copy with print lost in sp in e _______ 10. Computer printout pages with indistinct print 11. Page(s) ____________ lacking when material received, and not available from school or author. 12. Page(s) ____________ seem to be missing in numbering only as text follows. 13. Two pages num bered . Text follows. 14. Curling and wrinkled pages _______ 15. Dissertation contains pages with print at a slant, filmed a s received __________ 16. Other University Microfilms International THE UNIVERSITY OF OKLAHOMA GRADUATE COLLEGE PROBING THE LARGE-SCALE STRUCTURE OF THE UNIVERSE: AN ANALYSIS OF 55 BRIGHT SOUTHERN CLUSTERS OF GALAXIES A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE GRADUATE FACULTY in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy by Ronald Paul Olowin Norman, Oklahoma PROBING THE LARGE-SCALE STRUCTURE OF THE UNIVERSE: AN ANALYSIS OF 55 BRIGHT SOUTHERN CLUSTERS OF GALAXIES A DISSERTATION APPROVED FOR THE DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICS AND ASTRONOMY By I Gnldo L. Chincarinl, Chair --- David R. Branch Tibor J. H^rcVeg Ronald Kantowski Thomas M. Smith DEDICATION This thesis is dedicated to my family: in levins rnemory of my parents Clement Jan and Sophia Ann Olowin a n i with grateful appreciation of Mary Dreisbach, Aaron Benjamin and Frederick Alexander. m DESIDERATUM Melius est enim in via clauiicare quam praeter viam fortiter ambulare. Nam qui in via claudicat, etiam si parum proficiscatur, appropinquat ad terminum; qui vero extra viam ambulat, quanto fortius currit, tanto magis a termina elongatur. — Aquinas In laonnem IV ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Financial support for this work came from the Department of Physics and As­ tronomy and the Associates of The University of Oklahoma. Without their generous infusion of funds, resources and equipment this effort would have been impossible. In particular, I would like to thank the Departmental Chairs during my tenure, David Golden and David Branch, for making so many facilities available so readily. Special thanks for the valuable and continued aid are given to A1 Schwarzkopf of the Statistical Consulting Laboratory of the Energy Resources Institute of the Univer­ sity of Oklahoma and Lynn Wellborn of the Physics and Astronomy Branch of the University of Oklahoma Libraries. My gratitude is also extended to Russell Cannon of the U. K. Schmidt Telescope Unit of the Royal Observatory, Edinburgh, Scotland for providing survey plates of the Virgo Cluster of Galaxies and to Wayne H. War­ ren of the National Space Science Data Center for providing a machine-readable version of the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory Star Catalogue. My Professors have been patient and tolerant individuals. In particular, I have been privUedged to work under the guidance of David Branch, Guido Chincarini, John Cowan, Tibor Herczeg, Ronald Kantowski, Michael Morrison, Gregory Parker, Stan Robertson and Deborah Watson all of whom have made lasting contributions to my academic development. During the production of this thesis the special assistance of Judith Tucker at Printing Concepts, Inc. has been extremely helpful. Likewise, my thanks go to Richard Henry and, in particular, to Michael Morrison who unraveled the mysteries of for me. My close friends have been invaluable. Sherman and Laura Kent have been steadfast, robust and nourishing allies. Lome Thomas and John Schiff have been marvelous role models of genuine scholarship in the highest academic tradition; they have rescued me innumenrable times from the arms of ignorance. I greatly appre­ ciate their unselfish support. Klaus Rossberg quietly maintained me throughout. The special help and encouragement of Tibor Herczeg has been sustaining. His deep grasp of the History of Astronomy and his impeccable scholarship will always be an influence. The expert guidance and help from Harold Corwin has been immeasurable. The eager and generous support and advice he has given has illuminated for me what it means to do professional astronomy. To Doris Jane Chediak I owe a sincere debt of gratitude and thanks. She has made a living and deep contribution to my growth and development and has been an invaluable asset to my family. The advice and guidance of ray thesis advisor, Guido Chincarini, has been in­ dispensable. He has provided my first exposure to research on clusters of galaxies and throughout this effort has given me encouragement and unencumbered oppor­ tunities to broaden my astronomical experience. For this, for his sometimes painful honesty, and for his deep scientific integrity, I give Professor Chincarini my great and sincere thanks. I am extremely grateful for his time and friendship. Finally, I wish to express my deepest appreciation to my family. That they tolerated this eff’ort and suffered my neglect with patience, unselfishness and wit is remarkable. VI Table of Contents vii TABLE OF CONTENTS Page D edication ..........................................................................................................................iii Desideratum ....................................................................................................................... iv Acknowledgements ............................................................................................................. v Table of Contents .............................................................................................................vii List of Tables ..................................................................................................................... ix List of Illustrations ..........................................................................................................ixx A b stra ct ......................................................................................................................... xxxii Chapter 1. The Discovery of Clusters of Galaxies ................................................. 1 Chapter 2. Data Acquisition and Preparation ........................................................8 2.1. Measuring the Clusters ..................................................................................10 2.2. The Step-Scale Calibrations ........................................................................ 14 2.3. Coordinate Transformation of Measurements .......................................... 18 2.4. Determination of Cluster Centers ............................................................... 27 2.5. The Classification of Galaxy Clusters ........................................................ 35 vu Table of Contents viii Page Chapter 3. The Cluster Catalogue ............................................................................43 3.1. Catalogue of Bright Southern Galaxy Clusters .........................................47 3.2. Descriptions of Bright Southern Galaxy Clusters ....................................50 Chapter 4. An Isothermal Analysis of Clusters of Galaxies .................................251
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