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Araneta Et Al. + the Government Vs. San Jose Del Monte Bulacan Farmers: a Case Study on the MRT 7 Construction Submitted By: Lu

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Araneta Et Al. + the Government Vs. San Jose Del Monte Bulacan Farmers: a Case Study on the MRT 7 Construction Submitted By: Lu Araneta et al. + the Government vs. San Jose Del Monte Bulacan Farmers: A case study on the MRT 7 construction Submitted by: Lucille Ashley Z. Palestroque (2015-46178) Submitted to: Josefina G. Tayag, D.P.A., ret. Thesis Adviser APPROVAL SHEET This undergraduate thesis entitled, Araneta et al. + the Government vs. San Jose Del Monte Bulacan Farmers: A case study on the MRT 7 construction, prepared and submitted by Lucille Ashley Z. Palestroque in partial fulfillment of the requirements of the degree program B.A. Political Science, has been examined and is recommended for approval and acceptance by: _________________________________ Josefina G. Tayag, D.P.A., ret. Thesis Adviser Wherefore, this undergraduate thesis is hereby accepted and approved by: ______________________________ Prof. Jerome A. Ong Chairperson Department of Social Sciences ACKNOWLEDGMENT This research would not be possible without the help of several people. I would like to express my gratitude to my thesis adviser, Dr. Josefina G. Tayag for her patience and encouraging advices for me as I make every step in the research field. She had been very accommodating for all the questions I have for my topic. I would also like to thank my family, friends and relatives for they are my inspiration. Their existence makes me strive harder each day. They tirelessly remind me of my goal that is why there is no room for giving up. Lastly, I would like to thank my interviewee for sparing me his time and knowledge which is a big help for this study. Also, to all the farmers, this study is for them. It is their plight this study is trying to understand. I want to thank them for being industrious and hardworking as they provide food products for all the people. ABSTRACT The study covered the issues of landownership in the Philippines and how these were resolved in the past. The presence of agrarian reform became a big factor since this mandates the redistribution of public and private agricultural lands to landless farmers and farmworkers. Apart from this, the study also closely looked at the case of the farmers in San Jose Del Monte, Bulacan specifically in the affected barangays- Barangay Tungkong Mangga, San Roque, and San Isidro with the on-going construction of the proposed Metro-Rail Transit (MRT) Line-7. This study also provided concrete recommendations in order for the land disputes, resulting to displacement of marginalized claimants will be avoided. TABLE OF CONTENTS Chapter I...........................................................................................................1-12 a. Brief Introduction.............................................................................1 b. Research question.............................................................................1 c. General and specific objectives........................................................2 d. Tentative Answer.............................................................................2 e. Review of Related Literature (RRL).................................................3-7 f. Theoretical Framework.....................................................................7-8 g. Conceptual Framework....................................................................8-9 h. Definition of Terms ……………………………………………….9 i. Methodology......................................................................................9-11 j. Significance of the Study...................................................................11-12 Chapter II......................................................................................................... 13-15 Chapter III (Findings and Analysis) .................................................................18-19 Chapter IV (Conclusion and Recommendation) ..............................................20 Bibliography.....................................................................................................22-24 Appendices.......................................................................................................25-51 a. Informed consent form (ICF)........................................................ 25-29 b. Transcription of interviews..............................................................30-48 c. List of questions...............................................................................49-50 d. Data Matrix……...............................................................................51 CHAPTER 1 Brief Introduction The Metro Rail Transit (MRT) Line-7 of the San Miguel Corporation (SMC) Mass Rail Transit 7, Inc., a Public-Private Partnership (PPP) project with the Department of Transportation (DOTr), is a P62.7 billion project which aims to build a 23-kilometer elevated railway which stretches from North Avenue, Quezon City to San Jose Del Monte, Bulacan. This project seeks to reduce the travel time from North Edsa to San Jose Del Monte, Bulacan from the current two-hour travel time to 30 minutes (Philippine Daily Inquirer, 2016). However, in the midst of all the urbanization and development plans in Bulacan- specifically in San Jose Del Monte, farmers face serious threats of displacement and loss of livelihood with the construction of these projects. In the article “San Jose del Monte farmers saga vs. land grabbing” (2015), an international fact-finding mission together with the Kilusang Magbubukid ng Pilipinas (KMP), the Asian Peasant Coalition (APC), and the Alyansang Magbubukid sa Bulacan-San Jose Del Monte (AMB-SJDM) reported that this project would cause 300 farming families, 1,000 people, and 10,000 urban poor to be displaced and left with no source of income and livelihood. It will also wipe out almost 600 hectares of agricultural lands, particularly in Barangay Tungkong Mangga and hundred hectares of land in other neighboring barangays namely Barangay San Roque and Barangay San Isidro. Research Question How do government projects cause displacement when there are land disputes between the common poor people such as the Bulacan farmers of San Jose Del Monte and rich people possibly aligned with the government, with what effects and implications? 1 General Objective To analyze how government projects could lead to displacement of common people amid land disputes between them and rich landowners. Specific Objective 1. To discuss the issue of landownership in the Philippines by rich constituents as against the poor and the marginalized, how these had been resolved in the past with what implications. 2. To discuss a situationer of the case in San Jose Del Monte where a rich family like the Aranetas are pitted against the poor and marginalized people who also claim they have rights a. Brief history of the case; when and how it occurred b. Its present situation, who are the protagonists, their claims and how rightful are such claims c. What the government has done to resolve the issue and, in whose favor, 3. To give a general assessment in this particular case with whom the government sided with what implications; 4. To give recommendations so that land disputes do not always result in the displacement of the poorer claimants. Tentative Answer Government will try to get the approval of the more powerful claimant of the land and because of this, the claims of the powerless and marginalized will be disregarded, leading to their displacement. 2 Review of Related Literature I. Development-Induced Displacements A. Causes According to Singer and Neef (2015), development-induced displacement and resettlement (DIDR) have remained one of the most contentious issues in development today. There had been a steep increase in the displacement and dispossessions caused by large scale acquisitions of land by the public and private sectors. It is “by the public and private sectors” because development projects are going hand-in-hand between governments and their private partners. McDonnell (2017) agreed with Singer and Neef (2015) by pointing out the case of unethical political partnership between public and private sector. The overall trend from land grabbing is the shift in landownership from indigenous people to foreigners. McDonnel (2017) defined land grabbing as the processes of exclusion of people from landscapes. Most lands grabbed are the ancestral domains of the indigenous peoples because of the richness these possess which then attract foreigners. Wehrmann (2008) supported McDonnel (2017) by claiming that the population will be excluded from the land the moment the foreigners become attracted to it. Wehrmann (2008) pointed out his example that “in many countries, indigenous people have been dispossessed or live at risk of being dispossessed due to either a failure to recognize their rights to land or invalidation of those rights by the state, or through expropriation or privatization of their lands by the state”. The failure of the state to establish indigenous people’s rights to land enables neoliberal policies, and therefore risk the indigenous people into dispossession. 3 B. Effects Vandergeest (2006), on the other hand, believed that displacement is inevitable as far as development is concerned. Robinson (2003) agreed with Vandergeest (2006), however, he also claims that the development does not benefit everyone equally. In most countries, indigenous peoples who were historically deprived of their rights to land were prone to more serious conflicts in the next generations to come (Wehrmann, 2008). It is the case in most countries where the long fight for land ownership persists. Vanclay (2017) stated that large-scale development
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