DOCSLIB.ORG

Sulfate Minerals and Organic Compounds on Mars

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Sulfate Minerals and Organic Compounds on Mars Sulfate minerals and organic compounds on Mars Andrew Aubrey Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California H. James Cleaves 92093-0212, USA John H. Chalmers Alison M. Skelley Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA Richard A. Mathies Frank J. Grunthaner Jet Propulsion Laboratory, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, California 91109, USA Pascale Ehrenfreund Leiden Observatory, 2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands Jeffrey L. Bada* Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0212, USA ABSTRACT as 3±5 Ma (Remeika and Lindsay, 1992). Strong evidence for evaporitic sulfate minerals such as gypsum and jarosite has recently Gypsum from the Haughton impact crater is been found on Mars. Although organic molecules are often codeposited with terrestrial assumed to date from the time of the impact evaporitic minerals, there have been no systematic investigations of organic components crater, 23 Ma (Parnell et al., 2004). The age in sulfate minerals. We report here the detection of organic material, including amino of the host rock of the Panoche Valley sam- acids and their amine degradation products, in ancient terrestrial sulfate minerals. Amino ples is 75±65 Ma (Presser and Ohlendorf, acids and amines appear to be preserved for geologically long periods in sulfate mineral 1987), but the age of the sulfate minerals is matrices. This suggests that sulfate minerals should be prime targets in the search for estimated as 40 Ma (middle Tertiary); this is organic compounds, including those of biological origin, on Mars. when the coastal ranges were raised in this area during the Sierra Nevada uplift, which Keywords: Mars, sulfates, evaporites, amino acids, gypsum, jarosite, anhydrite, kerogen. caused ocean water to withdraw and deposit evaporitic minerals in California's Central INTRODUCTION not conclusively disprove that there are organ- Valley. Strontium isotope analyses were con- The search for evidence of water and or- ic compounds present on the surface of Mars. ducted to verify the geologically deduced ages ganic compounds, including those of possible The only other opportunity to analyze samples of the Panoche Valley samples. The Panoche biological origin, is one of the major goals of from Mars has been provided by meteorites Valley gypsum 87Sr/86Sr ratio was 0.707745 the Mars exploration programs of both the Na- ejected from its surface and delivered to Earth. (60.000005). Comparing this ratio to the tional Aeronautics and Space Administration However, contamination of these meteorites strontium isotope history of seawater (Hess et (NASA) and the European Space Agency by terrestrial organic material during their res- al., 1986) gives an age 40 Ma, consistent with (ESA). The NASA Mars Exploration Rovers idence times on Earth (102±104 yr) compro- the inferred geologic age. The Panoche Valley and the ESA OMEGA/Mars Express have mises their use in assessing whether organic anhydrite was estimated to be roughly the provided the best evidence to date that liquid compounds are present on Mars (Jull et al., same age because anhydrite forms by dehy- water was once present on Mars. Abundant 1998). dration of gypsum. The jarosite from Panoche sulfate minerals such as gypsum and jarosite Organic matter is often codeposited in ter- Valley was likely formed by aqueous alter- suggest that large acidic water basins were restrial evaporites, and similar deposition pro- ation of pyrite, and it is thus dif®cult to de- once present and that as they evaporated sul- cesses should occur on Mars if organic mol- termine its actual age of the alteration veins, fate minerals were precipitated (Squyres et al., ecules were present in the early oceans but it is probably somewhat younger than 40 2004; Langevin et al., 2005; Gendrin et al., (Mancinelli et al., 2004). To our knowledge, Ma. The modern gypsum sample is from the 2005). Although it is unknown how long these there have been no systemic investigations of South Bay salt works in Chula Vista. The area bodies of water existed, they could potentially organic compounds in sulfate minerals on is rich in marshes and tidal ¯ats, and there is have provided an environment capable of sup- Earth. We report here the determination of the continuous evaporite formation during tidal porting life. organic carbon and nitrogen contents of sev- ¯uctuations. Because of the poor water quality The presence of organic compounds on eral sulfate minerals, as well as the abundance in this region of San Diego Bay, the salts typ- Mars is uncertain. The Viking missions in of amino acids and their degradation products. ically include signi®cant amounts of organic 1976 detected no organic compounds above a material. threshold level of a few parts per billion in METHODS The surface of each sample was thoroughly near-surface Martian soils (Biemann et al., The samples investigated included gypsum rinsed with doubly distilled water (ddH2O) 1976). However, key biomolecules such as from the Anza-Borrego Desert, California (4 followed by 1M ddHCl, then again with amino acids would not have been detected by Ma), gypsum from the Haughton impact cra- ddH2O. The identity of each mineral was ver- the Viking Gas chromatograph and mass spec- ter, Canada (23 Ma), and gypsum, anhydrite, i®ed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses us- trometer (GCMS) even if several million bac- and jarosite samples from Panoche Valley ing a Scintag XDS-2000 powder diffractom- terial cells per gram were present (Glavin et (California) (40 Ma). A modern gypsum sam- eter. Samples were analyzed for total organic al., 2001). In addition, oxidation reactions in- ple from a salt evaporation pond in Chula Vis- carbon and nitrogen using a Costech elemental volving organic compounds on the Martian ta (California) was also analyzed. Sample ages combustion C-N analyzer. Carbon and nitro- surface would likely produce nonvolatile were estimated based on the geology of their gen isotopic ratios were determined with a products such as mellitic acid salts that also respective localities. Thermo®nnigan Delta-XP Plus stable isotope would not have been detected by Viking (Ben- The evaporite formations from the Anza- ratio mass spectrometer. In order to remove ner et al., 2000). Thus, the Viking results did Borrego Desert have been studied extensively. carbonate from the samples, they were pre- The gypsum investigated here was collected treated with an excess of 3N ddHCl and dried *E-mail: [email protected]. from the Fish Creek area and has been dated down on a vacuum centrifuge at 45 8C for 1 q 2006 Geological Society of America. For permission to copy, contact Copyright Permissions, GSA, or [email protected]. Geology; May 2006; v. 34; no. 5; p. 357±360; doi: 10.1130/G22316.1; 1 ®gure; 3 tables. 357 TABLE 1. TOTAL ORGANIC CARBON (TOC), TOTAL ORGANIC NITROGEN (TON), AND rosite was showed a much higher value of ISOTOPIC ANALYSES 1.28 mg´C/g. The nitrogen trends were similar Location (Ma) TOC TON d13C d15NAA1Amines AA1Amines in that the gypsum and anhydrite samples (mg/g) (mg/g) (½) (½) TOC TON ranged from 0.01 to 0.03 mg´N/g. The jarosite (%) (%) was signi®cantly more nitrogen rich with a South Bay Gypsum (0) 6.91 1.01 217.3 111.0 0.041 0.117 content of 0.15 mg´N/g. Anza-Borrego Gypsum (4)* 0.29 0.02 234.9 11.7 0.042 0.265 The organic C/N ratios in old gypsum and Haughton Crater Gypsum (23)² 0.77 0.03 231.3 10.1 0.007 0.105 jarosite range from 9 to 30, indicating that the Panoche Gypsum (40)§ 0.12 0.01 230.0 113.1 0.110 0.399 Panoche Anhydrite (40)§ 0.09 0.02 229.0 14.2 0.359 0.718 major organic component present in the sul- Panoche Jarosite (;40)# 1.28 0.15 226.2 13.9 0.012 0.038 fate minerals is likely a humic acid- and/or Note: The last two columns represent the mass percent of the TOC and TON accounted for by amino acids kerogen-like material (Ertel and Hedges, and amines. The uncertainties are roughly 65% for TOC, 610% for TON and 6 0.5±1.0½ for the isotopic values. 1983), a conclusion that is consistent with the *338009N, 1168109W; (Remeika and Lindsay, 1992) measured carbon and nitrogen isotopic values. ²758229N, 898419W; (Cockell and Lee, 2002). §368359N, 1208429W; (Presser and Ohlendorf, 1987). The exceptions are the Chula Vista gypsum #368279N, 1208399W. with a C/N ratio of ;7 and the Panoche an- hydrite with a ratio of ;5. These numbers are more indicative of recent biological material. h before analyses for total organic carbon and Extracts were analyzed for amino acids and Even though amino acids and amines consti- total organic nitrogen. amines by reverse-phase high performance tute only a fraction of the total organic carbon Amino acids were isolated by vapor-phase liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) using pre- and nitrogen present in the sulfate minerals acid hydrolysis (6 N HCl, 24 h, 100 8C) of column derivatization with o-phthalaldehyde/ (Table 1), they are readily detected and char- ground samples followed by desalting (Ame- N-acetyl L-cysteine using a Shimadzu RF-530 acterized (Fig. 1; Table 2). lung and Zhang, 2001). Amines were isolated ¯uorescence detector (Zhao and Bada, 1995) The detected levels of amino acids and their by microdiffusion from the powdered mineral and a Phenomenex Synergi Hydro-RP column enantiomers, as well as methylamine (MA) treated with 1N NaOH, into a 0.01N HCl so- (250 3 4.6 mm). Quanti®cation of amino ac- and ethylamine (EA), the decarboxylation lution at 40 8C for 6 days (Conway, 1963).
Load more

Recommended publications
  • E Street Marsh Living Shoreline Project Draft MND-IS
    Draft Mitigated Negative Declaration E Street Marsh Living Shoreline Project UPD #MND-2018-010 Prepared for Prepared by San Diego Unified Port District July 2018 DRAFT Mitigated Negative Declaration for the E Street Marsh Living Shoreline Project Prepared for San Diego Unified Port District Technical Support Provided by Aspen Environmental Group July 2018 San Diego Unified Port District E Street Marsh Living Shoreline Project Contents UPD #MND-2018-010 Executive Summary............................................................................................................................................................................................... 1 A. Project Description ............................................................................................................................................................................... 1 B. Proposed Finding .................................................................................................................................................................................. 1 I. Introduction ...................................................................................................................................................................................................... 2 A. Purpose of a Mitigated Negative Declaration ..................................................................................................................... 2 B. Project Proponent/Applicant .........................................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Xenorhodopsins, an Enigmatic New Class of Microbial Rhodopsins Horizontally Transferred Between Archaea and Bacteria
    UC San Diego UC San Diego Previously Published Works Title Xenorhodopsins, an enigmatic new class of microbial rhodopsins horizontally transferred between Archaea and Bacteria Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8rg5f54b Journal Biology Direct, 6(1) ISSN 1745-6150 Authors Ugalde, Juan A Podell, Sheila Narasingarao, Priya et al. Publication Date 2011-10-10 DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1745-6150-6-52 Supplemental Material https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8rg5f54b#supplemental Peer reviewed eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California Ugalde et al. Biology Direct 2011, 6:52 http://www.biology-direct.com/content/6/1/52 DISCOVERYNOTES Open Access Xenorhodopsins, an enigmatic new class of microbial rhodopsins horizontally transferred between archaea and bacteria Juan A Ugalde1, Sheila Podell1, Priya Narasingarao1 and Eric E Allen1,2* Abstract Based on unique, coherent properties of phylogenetic analysis, key amino acid substitutions and structural modeling, we have identified a new class of unusual microbial rhodopsins related to the Anabaena sensory rhodopsin (ASR) protein, including multiple homologs not previously recognized. We propose the name xenorhodopsin for this class, reflecting a taxonomically diverse membership spanning five different Bacterial phyla as well as the Euryarchaeotal class Nanohaloarchaea. The patchy phylogenetic distribution of xenorhodopsin homologs is consistent with historical dissemination through horizontal gene transfer. Shared characteristics of xenorhodopsin-containing microbes include the absence of flagellar motility and isolation from high light habitats. Reviewers: This article was reviewed by Dr. Michael Galperin and Dr. Rob Knight. Findings disseminated photoreceptor and photosensory activities Microbial rhodopsins are a widespread family of photo- across large evolutionary distances [1].
    [Show full text]
  • Final Environmental Assessment South San Diego Bay Coastal Restoration and Enhancement Project Page 1 of 13
    FINAL ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT South San Diego Bay Coastal Wetland Restoration and Enhancement Project San Diego County, California Lead NEPA Agency U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service San Diego National Wildlife Refuge Complex 6010 Hidden Valley Road, Suite 101 Carlsbad, CA 92011 Cooperating Agency National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration National Marine Fisheries Service October 20, 2009 Table of Contents EXECUTIVE SUMMARY INTRODUCTION............................................................................................................. 1 CHAPTER 1 - PURPOSE OF AND NEED FOR THE ACTION ...................................... 5 1.1 Purpose of the Action....................................................................................................................5 1.2 Need(s) for the Action....................................................................................................................6 1.3 Project Objectives..........................................................................................................................7 1.4 Decision(s) to be Made and Applicable Authorities ...................................................................8 1.5 Consultation and Coordination (Public/Agency Involvement Process)...................................9 CHAPTER 2 - PROPOSED ACTION AND ALTERNATIVES........................................10 2.1 Introduction ..................................................................................................................................10 2.2 Proposed Action
    [Show full text]
  • Wed 18F Staff: DL-SD Staff Report: December 16, 2004 Hearing Date: January 12-14, 2005
    ,, ' S;,!.; OF CALIFORNIA- THE RESOURCES AGENCY ARNOLD SCHWARZENEGGER, Governor CALIFORNIA COASTAL COMMISSION SAN DIEGO AREA 7575 METROPOLITAN DRIVE, SUITE 103 SAN DIEGO, CA 92108-4421 RECORD PACKET COPY (619) 767-2370 Filed: September 24, 2004 49th Day: November 12, 2004 180thDay: March 23,2005 Wed 18f Staff: DL-SD Staff Report: December 16, 2004 Hearing Date: January 12-14, 2005 REGULAR CALENDAR . STAFF REPORT AND PRELIMINARY RECOMMENDATION Application No.: 6-04-112 Applicant: U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Agent: Mendel Stewart South Bay Salt Works Description: Reconfigure a small portion of the salt works within the South San Diego Bay including filling the northern two-thirds and deepening the southern third of Pond 43 to accommodate magnesium chloride processing, instead of the existing crystallizing function. Add new access road extension. Site: San Diego Bay Wildlife Refuge, 1470 Bay Boulevard, Chula Vista, San Diego County. APN 621-010-06, 621-020-05. STAFF NOTES: Summary of Staffs Preliminary Recommendation: Staff is recommending approval of the proposed project with special conditions requiring identification ofthe import site for the proposed fill. The ponds which are currently being used for magnesium chloride processing are privately owned and will shortly be unavailable to the South Bay Salt Works. Because many of the existing salt ponds currently provide high tide refuge for shorebirds and rafting, loafing, and brine invertebrate foraging opportunities for a variety of avian species, the proposed project will relocate the magnesium chloride processing to an existing pond located within the refuge, to ensure the salt works will continue operating and providing benefits to wildlife.
    [Show full text]
  • Meeting Notice and Agenda
    Board Members Ron Roberts, Chair Chair, County of San Diego Terry Sinnott, First Vice Chair Deputy Mayor, Del Mar Matt Hall Mayor, Carlsbad Mary Salas Mayor, Chula Vista BOARD OF DIRECTORS Carrie Downey Councilmember, Coronado Bill Wells AGENDA Mayor, El Cajon Lisa Shaffer Deputy Mayor, Encinitas Friday, November 18, 2016 Sam Abed 9 a.m. to 12 noon Mayor, Escondido Serge Dedina SANDAG Board Room Mayor, Imperial Beach 401 B Street, 7th Floor Kristine Alessio Councilmember, La Mesa San Diego Mary Teresa Sessom Mayor, Lemon Grove Ron Morrison Mayor, National City Jim Wood AGENDA HIGHLIGHTS Mayor, Oceanside Steve Vaus Mayor, Poway • ELECTION OF 2017 SANDAG BOARD OFFICERS Kevin Faulconer Mayor, City of San Diego • PROPOSED FY 2017 PROGRAM BUDGET Todd Gloria Councilmember, City of San Diego AMENDMENT: INTERSTATE 5/VOIGT DRIVE Jack Dale IMPROVEMENTS Vice Mayor, Santee Jim Desmond Mayor, San Marcos • TransNet ENVIRONMENTAL MITIGATION Lesa Heebner PROGRAM: LAND MANAGEMENT GRANT Councilmember, Solana Beach PROGRAM: RECOMMENDED PROJECT AWARDS Judy Ritter Mayor, Vista FOR EIGHTH CYCLE OF GRANT FUNDING Dianne Jacob Vice Chair, County of San Diego PLEASE SILENCE ALL ELECTRONIC DEVICES DURING THE MEETING Advisory Members Hon. John Renison YOU CAN LISTEN TO THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS Supervisor, District 1 Imperial County MEETING BY VISITING OUR WEBSITE AT SANDAG.ORG Malcolm Dougherty, Director California Department MESSAGE FROM THE CLERK of Transportation In compliance with Government Code §54952.3, the Clerk hereby announces that the compensation Harry Mathis, Chair Metropolitan Transit System for legislative body members attending the following simultaneous or serial meetings is: Executive Mark Packard, Chair Committee (EC) $100, Board of Directors (BOD) $150, and Regional Transportation Commission (RTC) North County Transit District $100.
    [Show full text]
  • Phase 1 Environmental Site Assessment Process”
    Initial Study - Appendix E PHASE I ENVIRONMENTAL SITE ASSESSMENT FINAL PHASE I ENVIRONMENTAL SITE ASSESSMENT BAYSHORE BIKEWAY SEGMENT 8B SANDAG Submitted to: QUALITY INFRASTRUCTURE CORPORATION 7777 Alvarado Road, Suite 606 La Mesa, CA 91942 Prepared By: ALLIED GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERS, INC. 9500 Cuyamaca Street, Suite 102 Santee, California 92071-2685 March 21, 2016 Project No. 71C2 March 21, 2016 Page i TABLE OF CONTENTS FINAL PHASE I ENVIRONMENTAL SITE ASSESSMENT BAYSHORE BIKEWAY SEGMENT 8B SANDAG Page 1.0 INTRODUCTION .. 1 1.1 Project Background .. 1 1.2 Objective and Scope of Services .. 1 1.3 Credentials . 2 1.4 Geologic Conditions . 3 1.5 Hydrogeologic Conditions . 4 2.0 SCOPE OF WORK .. 6 2.1 Records Review . 6 2.2 Site Reconnaissance . 8 2.3 Data Interpretation and Reporting .. 10 3.0 GOVERNMENTAL AGENCIES RECORDS REVIEW .. 11 3.1 Environmental Data Resources Radius Map Report .. 11 3.2 Records Review. 11 3.3 Historic Aerial Photographs, Topographical and Sanborn Maps . 11 4.0 SITE HISTORY . 12 Allied Geotechnical Engineers, Inc. Project No. 71C2 March 21, 2016 Page ii TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued) Page 5.0 DISCUSSION, FINDINGS AND OPINIONS . 16 5.1 Low Risk Sites . 16 5.2 High Risk Sites. 28 5.2.1 ARCO Service Station. 28 5.2.2 South Bay Salt Works. 29 5.3 Interviews with City of Chula Vista and San Diego. 30 5.4 Conclusions .. 31 6.0 LIMITATIONS . 32 7.0 REFERENCES . 34 Allied Geotechnical Engineers, Inc. Project No. 71C2 March 21, 2016 Page iii TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued) Page Tables Table 1 Listing of Low Risk Sites.
    [Show full text]
  • Western Salt Works Site Assessment and South San Diego Bay Trail Linkages
    COASTAL CONSERVANCY Staff Recommendation November 9, 2006 WESTERN SALT WORKS SITE ASSESSMENT AND SOUTH SAN DIEGO BAY TRAIL LINKAGES File No. 06-081 Project Manager: Prentiss Williams RECOMMENDED ACTION: Authorization to disburse an amount not to exceed $125,000 to the San Diego Association of Governments (SANDAG) to conduct a study of the area of south San Diego Bay near the mouth of the Otay River to determine optimal alignments of public trails and the feasibility of the possible future use of the Western Salt Works building for interpretive facilities. LOCATION: South San Diego Bay, City of San Diego, San Diego County (Exhibit 1) PROGRAM CATEGORY: Public Access EXHIBITS Exhibit 1: Project Location and Site Map Exhibit 2: Photo and Map of the Western Salt Works Property Exhibit 3: Map of the Bayshore Bikeway Exhibit 4: Map of the Otay Valley Regional Park Exhibit 5: Map of San Diego Bay National Wildlife Refuge Exhibit 6: Letters of Support RESOLUTION AND FINDINGS: Staff recommends that the State Coastal Conservancy adopt the following resolution pursuant to Sections 31000 et seq. of the Public Resources Code: “The State Coastal Conservancy hereby authorizes the disbursement of an amount not to exceed one hundred twenty-five thousand dollars ($125,000) to the San Diego Association of Governments (SANDAG) to conduct an access study of the area of south San Diego Bay near the mouth of the Otay River to determine optimal alignments of public trails and the feasibility of possible future use of the Western Salt Building for interpretive facilities, subject to the following conditions: Page 1 of 9 WESTERN SALT WORKS SITE ASSESSMENT AND SOUTH SAN DIEGO BAY TRAIL LINKAGES 1.
    [Show full text]
  • San Diego Bay National Wildlife Refuge
    U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Comprehensive Conservation Plan and Environmental Impact Statement San Diego Bay National Wildlife Refuge San Diego Bay National Wildlife Refuge San Diego Bay National Wildlife Refuge Complex 6010 Hidden Valley Road Carlsbad, CA 92011 Telephone: 760/930 0168 San Diego Bay Fax: 760/930 0256 California Relay Service National Wildlife Refuge TTY 1 800/735 2929 Voice 1 800/735 2922 Sweetwater Marsh and U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service http://pacific.fws.gov South San Diego Bay Units For Refuge information 1 800/344 WILD Comprehensive Conservation Plan and Environmental Impact Statement Volume II, August 2006 /Sweetwater Marsh and South San Diego Bay Units August 2006 Photo: USFWS/J. Konecny Volume II August 2006 Comprehensive Conservation Plans provide long-term guidance for management decisions and set forth goals, objectives, and strategies needed to accomplish refuge purposes and identify the Service’s best estimate of future needs. These plans detail program planning levels that are sometimes substantially above current budget allocations and, as such, are primarily for Service strategic planning and program prioritization purposes. The plans do not constitute a commitment for staffing increases, operational and maintenance increases, or funding for future land acquisition. U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service San Diego Bay National Wildlife Refuge Sweetwater Marsh and South San Diego Bay Units Final Comprehensive Conservation Plan and Environmental Impact Statement Volume II – August 2006 Vision Statement The San Diego Bay National Wildlife Refuge protects a rich diversity of endangered, threatened, migratory, and native species and their habitats in the midst of a highly urbanized coastal environment.
    [Show full text]
  • South San Diego Bay Coastal Wetland Restoration and Enhancement Project
    South San Diego Bay Coastal Wetland Restoration and Enhancement Project Year 5 (2016) Postconstruction Monitoring Report Prepared for: Southwest Wetlands Interpretive Association 700 Seacoast Drive, Suite 108 Imperial Beach, CA 91932 Prepared by: Nordby Biological Consulting 5173 Waring Road # 171 San Diego, CA 92120 and Tijuana River National Estuarine Research Reserve 301 Caspian Way Imperial Beach, CA 91932 October 2017 TABLE OF CONTENTS Section Page EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .............................................................................................. 1 10 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................ 4 1.1 Western Salt Ponds Restoration ............................................................................... 4 1.1.1 Goals and Objectives of the Western Salt Ponds Restoration .................... 6 1.2 Chula Vista Wildlife Reserve Restoration and Enhancement ................................ 7 1.2.1 Goals and Objectives of the Chula Vista Wildlife Reserve ........................ 8 2.0 PHYSICAL PROCESSES ............................................................................................... 9 2.1 Topography/Bathymetry of the Western Salt Ponds Restoration ............................ 9 2.1.1 Methods - Monitoring of Topography/Bathymetry of the Western Salt ..... Ponds Restoration ....................................................................................... 9 2.1.2 Results - Monitoring of Topography/Bathymetry of the Western
    [Show full text]
  • Staff Report: Coastal Development Permit
    STATE OF CALIFORNIA— CALIFORNIA NATURAL RESOURCES AGENCY GAVIN NEWSOM, GOVERNOR CALIFORNIA COASTAL COMMISSION 45 FREMONT STREET, SUITE 2000 SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94105-2219 VOICE (415) 904- 5200 FAX (415) 904-5400 TDD (415) 597-5885 WWW.COASTAL.CA.GOV Th10a Filed: 9/21/18 180th Day: 3/20/19 90 day extension 6/18/19 Staff: K.Huckelbridge-SF Staff Report: 4/19/19 Hearing Date: 5/9/19 STAFF REPORT: COASTAL DEVELOPMENT PERMIT Application No.: 9-14-0731 Applicant: Poseidon Water Location: Otay River Floodplain site and Pond 15 site within the South Dan Diego Bay Unit of the San Diego National Wildlife Refuge, San Diego County, CA (see Exhibits 1 and 2). Project Description: Restoration of a 34.6 acre disturbed upland site and restoration/conversion of a 90.9 acre salt pond to tidal wetlands. The proposed restoration project will mitigate for impacts associated with the operation of the Poseidon Carlsbad Desalination Facility as required by Special Condition 8 of CDP E-06-013. Staff Recommendation: Approval with conditions 9-14-0731 (Poseidon Water) SUMMARY OF STAFF RECOMMENDATION Poseidon proposes to restore the 34.6-acre Otay River Floodplain Site and the 90.9-acre Pond 15 Site, located within the South San Diego Bay Unit of the San Diego National Wildlife Refuge (Exhibits 1 and 2), to coastal salt marsh habitat. The proposed project, formally called the Otay River Estuary Restoration Project (ORERP), would achieve restoration though excavation of material from the upland Otay site and fill of the subtidal Pond 15 site to create elevations and contours necessary to support coastal salt marsh habitat followed by the introduction of tidal flows (Exhibits 3-8).
    [Show full text]
  • Bayshore Bikeway – Segment 8B Project Draft Final Initial Study/Mitigated Negative Declaration
    Bayshore Bikeway – Segment 8B Project SAN DIEGO ASSOCIATION OF GOVERNMENTS CITY OF SAN DIEGO SAN DIEGO COUNTY, CALIFORNIA Draft Final Initial Study/Mitigated Negative Declaration State Clearinghouse No. 2016071079 Prepared by the San Diego Association of Governments 401 B Street, Suite 800 • San Diego, CA 92101-4231 • (619) 699-1900 July September 2016 Preface This is a Draft Final Initial Study (IS)/Mitigated Negative Declaration (MND), prepared pursuant to the California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA), addressing the potential environmental effects of the implementation of the Bayshore Bikeway – Segment 8B Project. The Draft IS/MND was circulated for a 30-day public review period from July 27, 2016 to August 26, 2016 (State Clearinghouse No. 2016071079). Comments received during the public review period, as well as responses to the environmental issues raised in the comments, are provided in Appendix H. In response to comments received on the Draft IS/MND, minor revisions and clarifications have been made to the Final IS/MND. All revisions are shown in strikeout and underline in the Final IS/MND. The Final IS/MND also includes minor editorial revisions and clarifications to the Draft IS/MND. The documents and other materials that constitute the record of proceedings on which SANDAG’s Findings of Fact are based are located at 401 B Street, Suite 800, San Diego, California 92101. This information is provided in compliance with Public Resources Code § 21081.6(a)(2) and CEQA Guidelines §15074(c). The documents and other materials that constitute the record of proceedings on which SANDAG’s adoption of the Final IS/MND is based consist of the following documents, at a minimum: All public notices issued by SANDAG in conjunction with the project.
    [Show full text]
  • 2000 Baylands Ecosystem Species and Community Profiles
    Baylands Ecosystem pecies and SCommunity Profiles Life Histories and Environmental Requirements of Key Plants, Fish and Wildlife Prepared by the San Francisco Bay Area Wetlands Ecosystem Goals Project Baylands Ecosystem Species and Community Profiles Life Histories and Environmental Requirements of Key Plants, Fish and Wildlife Prepared by the San Francisco Bay Area Wetlands Ecosystem Goals Project To order additional copies of this report ($25.00 each), please contact: San Francisco Estuary Project c/o S.F. Bay Regional Water Quality Control Board 1515 Clay Street, Suite 1400 Oakland, CA 94612 (510) 622-2465 Please cite this report as: Goals Project. 2000. Baylands Ecosystem Species and Community Profiles: Life histories and environmental requirements of key plants, fish and wildlife. Prepared by the San Francisco Bay Area Wetlands Ecosystem Goals Project. P.R. Olofson, editor. San Francisco Bay Regional Water Quality Control Board, Oakland, Calif. Also available from the Goals Project: Baylands Ecosystem Habitat Goals: A report of habitat recommendations. March 1999. Reprint with minor corrections, June 2000. Printing of the Species Profiles was made possible, in part, by a grant from the CALFED Bay-Delta Program through the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation to Friends of the Estuary: CALFED Project #99-B10 U.S. Department of the Interior Bureau of Reclamation Grant #00FC200183 n behalf of the Resource Managers Group and all of the other Goals Project O participants, we offer our sincere thanks and appreciation to the authors of these profiles. The authors willingly volunteered their time to construct a good part of the biological foundation of the Habitat Goals.
    [Show full text]